Theory Packet

auarter 1 Choir

Name NOTES / VALUE

Name

NOTES Noces have two purposes in music. They show pattems of rhythm or pirch (concept 8). Some common note names are:

o ) ) Whole Note Half Note Quarter Note

The qr,,hole note is drawn as an oval and has no stem- Example: o __o_ Practice writing whole notes.

"Above" the line "Below" the line "On" (or through) the line

Thehalf note looks like a whole note with a line added called a stem- (Stems are drawn up on the right side and down on the left side of the note.) Examplet ?l I Practice writing half notes- l4-

Above the line Below the line On the line, srem up On the line, srem down

The quarter note looks like a half note with rhe notehead filled in- Srems are drawn the same way as half note stems-

I Practice writing quarrer notes- Example: --l-

Above the line Below the line On the line, stem up On the line, stem down

Experiment: Try writing all three kinds of notes a few rimes in one line (above, belou' or on).

NS5 a note sounds. We use numbers to show rhat value- {7 on four. l:r I ;l: I : ii a quarter note = one beat per note i' I t d = half note.= two bears per note

o = whole note = four beats per note

Anorher way ro think about value is with fracrions. Examples,

Musical Math: Fill in the blank with rhe correcr note.

r. ) + J = o 3. ) + ) =

z ) - )= 4. o - ) =

True or False: Do each set of notes equal the same number of bearc? r;Urite,,Th:e,, if they are equal or "False" is they are not equal.

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z. ) = o 4. ) = o

Tongue'Twister: Thp or clap rhe rhythm as you say rhis rongue twisrer:

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Gre_v geese. green field. graz - ing. Sfaz - tng- 1.1 Beginning Rhythm

Music is made up of organized sound moving through time- Musicians not only need to know what pitches to sing or play; they also need to know when to sing or play them. [n mtsic, we keep a steady pulse or beat upon which we base the lengths of the various pitches. In the following notation, the music is divided into equal parts, each part containing four beats- These parts are called MEASIIRES, and the dividing lines are called BAR.LINES.

+ / I I eJi'. euJri,," Bar line These are QUARTER NOTES. Each one gets one bea! because there are four beats per measure, there are four quarter notes per measue- Write the counts undemeath, then clap and count the rhythm- 2 -

These are IIALF NOTES- Each one gets two beats, so there can be two per measure- Finish writing in the counts, then clap and count the rhvthm-

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L Write in the counts, then clap and count the rhythm.

These are WHOLE NOTES- Each one gets four bqats, so there can only be one per measure. Finish writing in the counts, then clap and count.

Write in the counts, then clap and count the rhythm.

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hess Masterwo reof (o duplicale this music for usc by any resale or anv other distriburion. Lessons TH1 O1 REST VALUES Rests have value just like notes. They show how short or long a silence is. We use numbers ro show that value-

Note and Rest Comparison Chart

ft o = -:4beats

fr )= = 2 beam

) fr) c = I beats

Musical Math: Compute the sum of the following "note problems" based on the chartabove.Example: o + | + ) + -:11 G+1+7+4:ll)

1. ) . ) + t) +)

I 2. d +l

a ) a ) +)

Rests/Rhythm Practice: Clap, tap or say the notes; tap the air for the rest value-

Time Signature Drills: CIap, tap or say "ta" for the nores; tap the air for rhe rest value-

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Bonus 3. 1.2 Rests

( Along with sounds in music, there is also silence- Each note leamed in the previous section has a corresponding rest that gets the same number of beats-

Quarter notes Half note Whole note

Quarter rests ,' Halfrest Whole rest+ +A whole rest also means to rest for any whole (complete) measure- Draw the missing quarter rests.

Draw the missing half rests.

Write your own rhythms on the next two lines. tJse all the notes and rests vou have learned- Write the counts underneath the notes_

Rhythmic dictation: write down the rhythm that is played on the piano-

Lessons TH1O1 I',|EASURE / BAR LINES / METER / TII'IE SIGNATURE

Name

MEASURE/BAR LINES Music is divided into sections bv bar lines- The distance between rwo bar lines is called a measuTe. F- Bar rine -.- iitlli ---- \ Bar rine

METER Meter is the number of beats in a measure. Numbers are used to organize meter.

I a =quarternote= I beat

I d = half note = Z beats

o =wholenote=4beam

TIME SIGNATURE The number of beats found in each measure is determined by the meter and is indicated by a 'lime symbol called aTimeSignature. signatures appear at the beginning of music and use rwo numbers that are placed one above the other. Some common examples of simple meters are:

4 = The upper nurnber tells how many beats are in each measure.

4 = The lower number tells what note (for example, a quarter or half note) gers one beat-

This combination of numbers shows us how the music is divided into measures and what note will get rhe steady beat. From this information we can figure ouc the rhythm.

NS5 MEASURE-MAKING

I - Draw bar lines to show 4 beats in each measure; then clap or tap rhythm.

2. Write the t ,i*.signature- Fill in the missing note rhar will complere rhe measures to equal 4 beats each; then clap or tap rhythm-

3- Daw bar lines to show 3 beats in each measure; then clap or rap rhythm.

4- \Urite ,n. fl time signature- Fill in the missing note that will complete the measures to equal3 beats each; then clap or tap rhythm.

5- Draw bar lines to show 2 beats in each measure; rhen clap or rap rhyrhm.

6- Write the ?t time signature. Fill in the missing note rhar will complere rhe measures to equal 2 beats each; then clap or tap rhydrm.

Bonus: Composers use bar lines to divide music into measures- Can you guess what a dnuble bar line meansl l'3 Time Signatures, Dotfed llalf Notes, and Double Bar Lines

ATIME STGNATURE occurs at the beginning of each piece of music and describes: ' How many f - beats will occur per measure_ 2- What kind of note will get one beat- Here are some examples ofTIME SIGNATURES. l

The top nrrmber usuatly tells how many beats will occur in each measure- when the bottom nunber is a 4, it means that a quarter note gets one beat-

How many beats per measure? / What kind of note gets one beat? Remember, the whole rest in-. anJr m€asure gets all the counts that are in that measure.

This is a DorrED HALF NOTE- gets It three beats- write tle counts under the music; then clap aafl count' Draw parentheses around ,R' counts where rests occur, and place an below the number-

The final bar line in a piece of music is calred a DouBLE BAR LINE and is made up of a thin line and a thick one-

Fill each incomplete measure with only one note.

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Lessons TH1O1 Graded Assignment 1 Name: ( How many beats are in each measure? What kind of note gets one beat?

t. 2. 3.\ 4.\

Match each symbol to the correct term. AC

B

l- Half note 2- Whole rest ' )- Double bar line 4- Dotted halfnote _5- Time signature 6- Whole note I _J. Quarter note 8- Bar line

Write the counts underneath the rhvthm-

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Copyright O 2006 by Mastcrworks hess Mastcrworks Prass grants p.rmiGoo to tbe orig;inal purchaser hereof to duplicatc this music for use by any choml group affilialed with original purchascr- Not for rcsale or any other distibution- ol 6RAND STAFF STAFF I ?ffG1l 4 I RI E s w Name

STATF Music is written on a graPh o((ivet,n"rryrt"n'

tom to top.

Spaces

indicaring rhe locarion of the line or space- .{" tnct. "-staff Practice: Place an ofi

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PlTff ,^."d ot the lines and in the spaces. They represent sounds Notes are the symbols that are P::;:"t (Concept 2, page 4)- va^- called pitch and show rhythrnic gfue correct line or sPace- -^. ntr Practice:\Tritewholefiores" :t t 'r r

Line 5 Space 3 Space 2

sounds represenred by notes on rhe staff. The higher ^f rnr_rsical Pitch is rhe highness or lownetl sound; the lower the note, rhe lower rhe sound. -".,f-r"-- rhe note is on the staff, the hign"' pair of notes below- If . .-.h of each the second note is high- Practice: Compare the Ptu"" -1"'L"- rflarK er, mark "H"; if it is lower'

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NS5 LINES AND SPACES ON THE STAFF

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Circle all the line notes on the staff below-

Circle all the spac€ notes on the staff below-

Write the line nirmber for each note below. (Use the point of your pencil to count the lines up from the bottom.)

-^o-o ,x: 4

Write the space number for each note below- ( LINES AND SPACES ON THE STAFF, continued -; e-e---

For each number given beloq write a line note on the staff.

2 4 3 5 2 3 5 4 2 3

For each number given below, write a space note on the staff-

3 2 4 3 24 3 24

( ,tt" staffs beloq you wilt find both line notes and space notes- Dabel each note either "line" or "space,"i'followed by the number of the line or space-

W.rifg;notqs.on the c.grregt line or:space-

spoce I spoce 4 line 5 spoce 2 line 2 line 4 spoce 3 line I 2.1 Clefs

Statr, staves: The horizontal lines upon which music is written-

The top staffof the following contains a TREBLE CLEF- This clef tells you that the notes after it will be high notes- It is also called a G CLEF because the curve inthe middle of the clef is around the second line up, which is where the note G is located- Sopqanos and altos sing pitches notated by the treble clef- Music for tenors is usually written in the treble clef as well- However, the pitches that the tenors actually sing are an octave+ lower than written-

Copy the treble clef several times on the top staffbelow.

a) G

F

The other clef you see here is the BASS CLEF- It notates low pitches, and is also called the F CLEF because ir turo dots are on either side of the second line down- which is where the note F is located- Baritones and basses sing pitches notated by the bass clef-,

Copy the bass clef several times on the bottom staffabove-

., This is the grarrd staff- It always has two lines of music, and usually uses a teble clef and a bass clef. Piano music is written on the grand staff- The top line contains notes to be played by the right hand, while the bottom line contains notes to be played by the left hand. The two staves are always joined together by a bracket on the lgft side, and the bar lines are written all the way fron-. *. ._ the top of the staffto the bottom. In piano music, they are nal broken between staves as above. In choral music, they are b'roken between staves, to leave space for the lyrics (as below)-

*'Octave: a distance of eight notes above or below. "C

Lessons TH1O1 2.2 Reading Music

Each note on the staffrepresents a specific pitch Here are some basics of music reading-

l. As notes ascend on the staff, their sounds rise in pitch- As they descend on the stafl their sounds lower in pitch.

Circle the higher pitch in.each measure.

Circle the lowerpitch in each measure-

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nline 2. Notes are classffied as either notes" or "space notes." Line notes have a line of the staff going through them, and space notes are in the spaces-

Draw line notes on all of the lines of the staff. Make the rhythm fit 4/4 time and write counts () undemeath 2a

Do the same with space notes- Make sure you are using all of the notes you have learned.

3. There are 7 notes in the musical alphabet-A, B, C, D, E, F, and G-which repeat over and over. When notes move up on the stafffrom one note to the very next one, they ascend in order (ex. A, B, C, D) in the musical alphabet. See if you can figure out the missing names of notes in this example.

3 t-_._-', t- .,..j

Lessons TH1 O1 frw 'n s 'a 2.3 Treble clef notes I

Identiff each note below as a line note (L) or a space note (S)-

There are easy ways to remember the line "rd space notes of the teble clef- The lines can be remembered with the phrase, "Every Good Boy Does Eine."

EGB \ame the line notes below.

\

A

The space notes of the treble clef spell FACE-

F

Name the space notes below.

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Lessons TH1 O1