Creating Printed Music Automatically
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Music Notation As a MEI Feasibility Test
Music Notation as a MEI Feasibility Test Baron Schwartz University of Virginia 268 Colonnades Drive, #2 Charlottesville, Virginia 22903 USA [email protected] Abstract something more general than either notation or performance, but does not leave important domains, such as notation, up to This project demonstrated that enough information the implementer. The MEI format’s design also allows a pro- can be retrieved from MEI, an XML format for mu- cessing application to ignore information it does not need and sical information representation, to transform it into extract the information of interest. For example, the format in- music notation with good fidelity. The process in- cludes information about page layout, but a program for musical volved writing an XSLT script to transform files into analysis can simply ignore it. Mup, an intermediate format, then processing the Generating printed music notation is a revealing test of MEI’s Mup into PostScript, the de facto page description capabilities because notation requires more information about language for high-quality printing. The results show the music than do other domains. Successfully creating notation that the MEI format represents musical information also confirms that the XML represents the information that one such that it may be retrieved simply, with good recall expects it to represent. Because there is a relationship between and precision. the information encoded in both the MEI and Mup files and the printed notation, the notation serves as a good indication that the XML really does represent the same music as the notation. 1 Introduction Most uses of musical information require storage and retrieval, 2 Methods usually in files. -
Automated Analysis and Transcription of Rhythm Data and Their Use for Composition
Automated Analysis and Transcription of Rhythm Data and their Use for Composition submitted by Georg Boenn for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the University of Bath Department of Computer Science February 2011 COPYRIGHT Attention is drawn to the fact that copyright of this thesis rests with its author. This copy of the thesis has been supplied on the condition that anyone who consults it is understood to recognise that its copyright rests with its author. This thesis may not be consulted, photocopied or lent to other libraries without the permission of the author for 3 years from the date of acceptance of the thesis. Signature of Author . .................................. Georg Boenn To Daiva, the love of my life. 1 Contents 1 Introduction 17 1.1 Musical Time and the Problem of Musical Form . 17 1.2 Context of Research and Research Questions . 18 1.3 Previous Publications . 24 1.4 Contributions..................................... 25 1.5 Outline of the Thesis . 27 2 Background and Related Work 28 2.1 Introduction...................................... 28 2.2 Representations of Musical Rhythm . 29 2.2.1 Notation of Rhythm and Metre . 29 2.2.2 The Piano-Roll Notation . 33 2.2.3 Necklace Notation of Rhythm and Metre . 34 2.2.4 Adjacent Interval Spectrum . 36 2.3 Onset Detection . 36 2.3.1 ManualTapping ............................... 36 The times Opcode in Csound . 38 2.3.2 MIDI ..................................... 38 MIDIFiles .................................. 38 MIDIinReal-Time.............................. 40 2.3.3 Onset Data extracted from Audio Signals . 40 2.3.4 Is it sufficient just to know about the onset times? . 41 2.4 Temporal Perception . -
TIME SIGNATURES, TEMPO, BEAT and GORDONIAN SYLLABLES EXPLAINED
TIME SIGNATURES, TEMPO, BEAT and GORDONIAN SYLLABLES EXPLAINED TIME SIGNATURES Time Signatures are represented by a fraction. The top number tells the performer how many beats in each measure. This number can be any number from 1 to infinity. However, time signatures, for us, will rarely have a top number larger than 7. The bottom number can only be the numbers 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512, et c. These numbers represent the note values of a whole note, half note, quarter note, eighth note, sixteenth note, thirty- second note, sixty-fourth note, one hundred twenty-eighth note, two hundred fifty-sixth note, five hundred twelfth note, et c. However, time signatures, for us, will only have a bottom numbers 2, 4, 8, 16, and possibly 32. Examples of Time Signatures: TEMPO Tempo is the speed at which the beats happen. The tempo can remain steady from the first beat to the last beat of a piece of music or it can speed up or slow down within a section, a phrase, or a measure of music. Performers need to watch the conductor for any changes in the tempo. Tempo is the Italian word for “time.” Below are terms that refer to the tempo and metronome settings for each term. BPM is short for Beats Per Minute. This number is what one would set the metronome. Please note that these numbers are generalities and should never be considered as strict ranges. Time Signatures, music genres, instrumentations, and a host of other considerations may make a tempo of Grave a little faster or slower than as listed below. -
Silent Music
Trinity University Digital Commons @ Trinity Philosophy Faculty Research Philosophy Department Fall 2010 Silent Music Andrew Kania Trinity University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.trinity.edu/phil_faculty Part of the Philosophy Commons Repository Citation Kania, A. (2010). Silent music. The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism, 68(4), 343-353. doi:10.1111/ j.1540-6245.2010.01429.x This Post-Print is brought to you for free and open access by the Philosophy Department at Digital Commons @ Trinity. It has been accepted for inclusion in Philosophy Faculty Research by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Trinity. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Silent Music Andrew Kania [This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Andrew Kania, “Silent Music” Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 68 (2010): 343-53, which has been published in final form at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1540- 6245.2010.01429.x/abstract. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving. Please cite only the published version.] Abstract In this essay, I investigate musical silence. I first discuss how to integrate the concept of silence into a general theory or definition of music. I then consider the possibility of an entirely silent musical piece. I begin with John Cage’s 4′33″, since it is the most notorious candidate for a silent piece of music, even though it is not, in fact, silent. I conclude that it is not music either, but I argue that it is a piece of non-musical sound art, rather than simply a piece of theatre, as Stephen Davies has argued. -
Interpreting Tempo and Rubato in Chopin's Music
Interpreting tempo and rubato in Chopin’s music: A matter of tradition or individual style? Li-San Ting A thesis in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of New South Wales School of the Arts and Media Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences June 2013 ABSTRACT The main goal of this thesis is to gain a greater understanding of Chopin performance and interpretation, particularly in relation to tempo and rubato. This thesis is a comparative study between pianists who are associated with the Chopin tradition, primarily the Polish pianists of the early twentieth century, along with French pianists who are connected to Chopin via pedagogical lineage, and several modern pianists playing on period instruments. Through a detailed analysis of tempo and rubato in selected recordings, this thesis will explore the notions of tradition and individuality in Chopin playing, based on principles of pianism and pedagogy that emerge in Chopin’s writings, his composition, and his students’ accounts. Many pianists and teachers assume that a tradition in playing Chopin exists but the basis for this notion is often not made clear. Certain pianists are considered part of the Chopin tradition because of their indirect pedagogical connection to Chopin. I will investigate claims about tradition in Chopin playing in relation to tempo and rubato and highlight similarities and differences in the playing of pianists of the same or different nationality, pedagogical line or era. I will reveal how the literature on Chopin’s principles regarding tempo and rubato relates to any common or unique traits found in selected recordings. -
Sibelius Artwork Guidelines Contents
Sibelius Artwork Guidelines Contents Conditions of use ...........................................................................................................................3 Important information ..................................................................................................................4 Product names and logos.............................................................................................................5 Example copy..................................................................................................................................6 Endorsees ........................................................................................................................................7 Reviews............................................................................................................................................8 Awards...........................................................................................................................................11 House Style ...................................................................................................................................12 Conditions of use Who may use this material Authorized Sibelius distributors and dealers are permitted to reproduce text and graphics on this CD in order to market Sibelius products or PhotoScore, but only if these guidelines are adhered to, and all artwork is used unmodified and cleared by Sibelius Software before production of final proofs. Acknowledge trademarks Please -
MOLA Guidelines for Music Preparation
3 MOLA Guidelines for Music Preparation Foreword These guidelines for the preparation of music scores and parts are the result of many hours of discussion regarding the creation and layout of performance material that has come through our libraries. We realize that each music publisher has its own set of guidelines for music engraving. For new or self-published composers or arrangers, we would like to express our thoughts regarding the preparation of performance materials. Using notation so!ware music publishers and professional composers and arrangers are creating scores and parts that are as functional and beautiful as traditionally engraved music. " .pdf (portable document format) is the suggested final file format as it is independent of application so!ware, hardware, and operating system. "ll ma%or notation so!ware has the option to save a file in this format. "s digital storage and distribution of music data files becomes more common, there is the danger that the librarian will be obliged to assume the role of music publisher, expected to print, duplicate, and bind all of the sheet music. &ot all libraries have the facilities, sta', or time to accommodate these pro%ects, and while librarians can advise on the format and layout of printed music, they should not be expected to act as a surrogate publisher. The ma%ority of printed music is now produced using one of the established music notation so!ware programs. (ome of the guidelines that follow may well be implemented in such programs but the so!ware user, as well as anyone producing material by hand, will still find them beneficial. -
Scanscore 2 Manual
ScanScore 2 Manual Copyright © 2020 by Lugert Verlag. All Rights Reserved. ScanScore 2 Manual Inhaltsverzeichnis Welcome to ScanScore 2 ..................................................................................... 3 Overview ...................................................................................................... 4 Quickstart ..................................................................................................... 4 What ScanScore is not .................................................................................... 6 Scanning and importing scores ............................................................................ 6 Importing files ............................................................................................... 7 Using a scanner ............................................................................................. 7 Using a smartphone ....................................................................................... 7 Open ScanScore project .................................................................................. 8 Multipage import ............................................................................................ 8 Working with ScanScore ..................................................................................... 8 The menu bar ................................................................................................ 8 The File Menu ............................................................................................ 9 The -
Why and How I Use Lilypond Daniel F
Why and How I Use LilyPond Daniel F. Savarese Version 1.1 Copyright © 2018 Daniel F. Savarese1 even with an academic discount. I never got my money's Introduction worth out of it. At the time I couldn't explain exactly why, but I was never productive using it. In June of 2017, I received an email from someone using my classical guitar transcriptions inquiring about how I Years later, when I started playing piano, I upgraded to use LilyPond2 to typeset (or engrave) music. He was the latest version of Finale and suddenly found it easier dissatisfied with his existing WYSIWYG3 commercial to produce scores using the software. It had nothing to software and was looking for alternatives. He was im- do with new features in the product. After notating eight pressed with the appearance of my transcription of Lá- original piano compositions, I realized that my previous grima and wondered if I would share the source for it difficulties had to do with the idiosyncratic requirements and my other transcriptions. of guitar music that were not well-supported by the soft- ware. Nevertheless, note entry and the overall user inter- I sent the inquirer a lengthy response explaining that I'd face of Finale were tedious. I appreciated how accurate like to share the source for my transcriptions, but that it the MIDI playback could be with respect to dynamics, wouldn't be readily usable by anyone given the rather tempo changes, articulations, and so on. But I had little involved set of support files and programs I've built to need for MIDI output. -
Integrating Paper and Digital Music Information Systems Karen Lin and Tim Bell University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
Integrating Paper and Digital Music Information Systems Karen Lin and Tim Bell University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand Abstract Active musicians generally rely on extensive personal paper-based music information retrieval systems containing scores, parts, compositions, and arrangements of published and hand-written music. Many have a bias against using computers to store, edit and retrieve music, and prefer to work in the paper domain rather than using digital documents, despite the flexibility and powerful retrieval opportunities available. In this paper we propose a model of operation that blurs the boundaries between the paper and digital domains, offering musicians the best of both worlds. A survey of musicians identifies the problems and potential of working with digital tools, and we propose a system using colour printing and scanning technology that simplifies the process of moving music documents between the two domains. Keywords : user interfaces, user needs, optical music recognition 1. Introduction Traditionally musicians have stored and retrieved music scores using paper-based systems. Many musicians have built up personal libraries of music books, compositions, arrangements and sheet music. The acquisition or creation of documents is straightforward, but the retrieval or modification of scores is hindered by the inflexibility of the paper medium. A digital music library would have a number of benefits, including convenient retrieval (instead of searching through piles of music), ease of processing (such as part extraction), and communication (sending electronic copies to other performers). However working with digital documents also poses significant barriers for users more familiar with traditional paper documents. In this paper we explore the relationship between the paper and digital domains, and the possibility of allowing easy conversion between the two to allow documents to exist in both domains and be processed in whichever domain is the most convenient. -
Soundboard No. 22
SOUNDBOARD A Magazine for Church Musicians Number 22 !!! November 2010 Looking to the future The Committee seeks to identify and busy seasons of Advent and Two events since the end of summer respond to the needs and demands Christmas approach, we wish you all have given the Church Music of church music here in Dublin and the best with your music ministry, Committee good cause to celebrate. Glendalough, and the nature of these and look forward to a prosperous Firstly, we were delighted to will necessarily change over time. and musically fulfilling 2011 for us welcome six new students to the Just as we keep our training all! ! Archbishop's Certificate Course in schemes under review, so too are we Church Music, bringing the total aware of the need to continue to offer number of current students across relevant resources, support and the three years to fourteen. Their events. To that end, two days after arrival was marked on 9 September welcoming the students, the with Choral Evensong and a Committee met for a 'brainstorming WHAT’S IN THIS ISSUE reception at Christ Church breakfast' — the second of our Cathedral during which our 'events' — followed by a morning of The Role of Music in Liturgy chairperson, Archdeacon Ricky lively discussion (admirably led by Edgar Swann’s Living Worship talk Rountree, wished them well in their Ruth Handy). This left us in a much The Wesley Family studies and thanked them for their clearer position about the shape that David McConnell writes dedication and the hours of hard our work should take in the future. -
Musical Notation Codes Index
Music Notation - www.music-notation.info - Copyright 1997-2019, Gerd Castan Musical notation codes Index xml ascii binary 1. MidiXML 1. PDF used as music notation 1. General information format 2. Apple GarageBand Format 2. MIDI (.band) 2. DARMS 3. QuickScore Elite file format 3. SMDL 3. GUIDO Music Notation (.qsd) Language 4. MPEG4-SMR 4. WAV audio file format (.wav) 4. abc 5. MNML - The Musical Notation 5. MP3 audio file format (.mp3) Markup Language 5. MusiXTeX, MusicTeX, MuTeX... 6. WMA audio file format (.wma) 6. MusicML 6. **kern (.krn) 7. MusicWrite file format (.mwk) 7. MHTML 7. **Hildegard 8. Overture file format (.ove) 8. MML: Music Markup Language 8. **koto 9. ScoreWriter file format (.scw) 9. Theta: Tonal Harmony 9. **bol Exploration and Tutorial Assistent 10. Copyist file format (.CP6 and 10. Musedata format (.md) .CP4) 10. ScoreML 11. LilyPond 11. Rich MIDI Tablature format - 11. JScoreML RMTF 12. Philip's Music Writer (PMW) 12. eXtensible Score Language 12. Creative Music File Format (XScore) 13. TexTab 13. Sibelius Plugin Interface 13. MusiXML: My own format 14. Mup music publication program 14. Finale Plugin Interface 14. MusicXML (.mxl, .xml) 15. NoteEdit 15. Internal format of Finale (.mus) 15. MusiqueXML 16. Liszt: The SharpEye OMR 16. XMF - eXtensible Music 16. GUIDO XML engine output file format Format 17. WEDELMUSIC 17. Drum Tab 17. NIFF 18. ChordML 18. Enigma Transportable Format 18. Internal format of Capella (ETF) (.cap) 19. ChordQL 19. CMN: Common Music 19. SASL: Simple Audio Score 20. NeumesXML Notation Language 21. MEI 20. OMNL: Open Music Notation 20.