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The Role of Z-Disc Proteins in Myopathy and Cardiomyopathy
International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review The Role of Z-disc Proteins in Myopathy and Cardiomyopathy Kirsty Wadmore 1,†, Amar J. Azad 1,† and Katja Gehmlich 1,2,* 1 Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; [email protected] (K.W.); [email protected] (A.J.A.) 2 Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence Oxford, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +44-121-414-8259 † These authors contributed equally. Abstract: The Z-disc acts as a protein-rich structure to tether thin filament in the contractile units, the sarcomeres, of striated muscle cells. Proteins found in the Z-disc are integral for maintaining the architecture of the sarcomere. They also enable it to function as a (bio-mechanical) signalling hub. Numerous proteins interact in the Z-disc to facilitate force transduction and intracellular signalling in both cardiac and skeletal muscle. This review will focus on six key Z-disc proteins: α-actinin 2, filamin C, myopalladin, myotilin, telethonin and Z-disc alternatively spliced PDZ-motif (ZASP), which have all been linked to myopathies and cardiomyopathies. We will summarise pathogenic variants identified in the six genes coding for these proteins and look at their involvement in myopathy and cardiomyopathy. Listing the Minor Allele Frequency (MAF) of these variants in the Genome Aggregation Database (GnomAD) version 3.1 will help to critically re-evaluate pathogenicity based on variant frequency in normal population cohorts. -
A Computational Approach for Defining a Signature of Β-Cell Golgi Stress in Diabetes Mellitus
Page 1 of 781 Diabetes A Computational Approach for Defining a Signature of β-Cell Golgi Stress in Diabetes Mellitus Robert N. Bone1,6,7, Olufunmilola Oyebamiji2, Sayali Talware2, Sharmila Selvaraj2, Preethi Krishnan3,6, Farooq Syed1,6,7, Huanmei Wu2, Carmella Evans-Molina 1,3,4,5,6,7,8* Departments of 1Pediatrics, 3Medicine, 4Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, 5Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, the 6Center for Diabetes & Metabolic Diseases, and the 7Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202; 2Department of BioHealth Informatics, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202; 8Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202. *Corresponding Author(s): Carmella Evans-Molina, MD, PhD ([email protected]) Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, MS 2031A, Indianapolis, IN 46202, Telephone: (317) 274-4145, Fax (317) 274-4107 Running Title: Golgi Stress Response in Diabetes Word Count: 4358 Number of Figures: 6 Keywords: Golgi apparatus stress, Islets, β cell, Type 1 diabetes, Type 2 diabetes 1 Diabetes Publish Ahead of Print, published online August 20, 2020 Diabetes Page 2 of 781 ABSTRACT The Golgi apparatus (GA) is an important site of insulin processing and granule maturation, but whether GA organelle dysfunction and GA stress are present in the diabetic β-cell has not been tested. We utilized an informatics-based approach to develop a transcriptional signature of β-cell GA stress using existing RNA sequencing and microarray datasets generated using human islets from donors with diabetes and islets where type 1(T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) had been modeled ex vivo. To narrow our results to GA-specific genes, we applied a filter set of 1,030 genes accepted as GA associated. -
The Biomarkers of Key Mirnas and Target Genes Associated with Acute Myocardial Infarction
The biomarkers of key miRNAs and target genes associated with acute myocardial infarction Qi Wang1, Bingyan Liu2,3, Yuanyong Wang4, Baochen Bai1, Tao Yu3 and Xian–ming Chu1,5 1 Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China 2 School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China 3 Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China 4 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China 5 Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China ABSTRACT Background. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is considered one of the most prominent causes of death from cardiovascular disease worldwide. Knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying AMI remains limited. Accurate biomarkers are needed to predict the risk of AMI and would be beneficial for managing the incidence rate. The gold standard for the diagnosis of AMI, the cardiac troponin T (cTnT) assay, requires serial testing, and the timing of measurement with respect to symptoms affects the results. As attractive candidate diagnostic biomarkers in AMI, circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are easily detectable, generally stable and tissue specific. Methods. The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was used to compare miRNA expression between AMI and control samples, and the interactions between miRNAs and mRNAs were analysed for expression and function. Furthermore, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed. The miRNAs identified in the bioinformatic analysis were verified by RT-qPCR in an H9C2 cell line. The miRNAs in plasma samples from patients with AMI (n D 11) and healthy controls (n D 11) were used to construct Submitted 23 December 2019 receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to evaluate the clinical prognostic value Accepted 14 April 2020 of the identified miRNAs. -
Influence of Nebulin on the Assembly Mechanics Of
INFLUENCE OF NEBULIN ON THE ASSEMBLY MECHANICS OF DESMIN An Undergraduate Research Scholars Thesis by MARC ADRIAN CARAGEA Submitted to Honors and Undergraduate Research Texas A&M University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the designation as UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH SCHOLAR Approved by Research Adviser: Gloria M. Conover, Ph.D. May 2014 Major: Biomedical Sciences TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................... 1 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ........................................................................................................... 2 NOMENCLATURE .................................................................................................................... 3 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 4 II MATERIALS AND METHODS ......................................................................... 8 Affinity purification of WT and mutant desmin proteins from bacteria ................ 8 Affinity purification of recombinant Nebulin M160 – 164 ................................... 9 Assembly protocol for desmin precursors into filaments in vitro ...................... 11 Sample preparation for atomic force microscopy ............................................... 11 Single desmin filament length acquisition and analysis ..................................... 13 Determination of Young’s modulus for desmin filament networks ................... -
Individual Protomers of a G Protein-Coupled Receptor Dimer Integrate Distinct Functional Modules
OPEN Citation: Cell Discovery (2015) 1, 15011; doi:10.1038/celldisc.2015.11 © 2015 SIBS, CAS All rights reserved 2056-5968/15 ARTICLE www.nature.com/celldisc Individual protomers of a G protein-coupled receptor dimer integrate distinct functional modules Nathan D Camp1, Kyung-Soon Lee2, Jennifer L Wacker-Mhyre2, Timothy S Kountz2, Ji-Min Park2, Dorathy-Ann Harris2, Marianne Estrada2, Aaron Stewart2, Alejandro Wolf-Yadlin1, Chris Hague2 1Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA; 2Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA Recent advances in proteomic technology reveal G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are organized as large, macromolecular protein complexes in cell membranes, adding a new layer of intricacy to GPCR signaling. We previously reported the α1D-adrenergic receptor (ADRA1D)—a key regulator of cardiovascular, urinary and CNS function—binds the syntrophin family of PDZ domain proteins (SNTA, SNTB1, and SNTB2) through a C-terminal PDZ ligand inter- action, ensuring receptor plasma membrane localization and G-protein coupling. To assess the uniqueness of this novel GPCR complex, 23 human GPCRs containing Type I PDZ ligands were subjected to TAP/MS proteomic analysis. Syntrophins did not interact with any other GPCRs. Unexpectedly, a second PDZ domain protein, scribble (SCRIB), was detected in ADRA1D complexes. Biochemical, proteomic, and dynamic mass redistribution analyses indicate syntrophins and SCRIB compete for the PDZ ligand, simultaneously exist within an ADRA1D multimer, and impart divergent pharmacological properties to the complex. Our results reveal an unprecedented modular dimeric architecture for the ADRA1D in the cell membrane, providing unexpected opportunities for fine-tuning receptor function through novel protein interactions in vivo, and for intervening in signal transduction with small molecules that can stabilize or disrupt unique GPCR:PDZ protein interfaces. -
Troponin Variants in Congenital Myopathies: How They Affect Skeletal Muscle Mechanics
International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review Troponin Variants in Congenital Myopathies: How They Affect Skeletal Muscle Mechanics Martijn van de Locht , Tamara C. Borsboom, Josine M. Winter and Coen A. C. Ottenheijm * Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; [email protected] (M.v.d.L.); [email protected] (T.C.B.); [email protected] (J.M.W.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +31-(0)-20-444-8123 Abstract: The troponin complex is a key regulator of muscle contraction. Multiple variants in skeletal troponin encoding genes result in congenital myopathies. TNNC2 has been implicated in a novel congenital myopathy, TNNI2 and TNNT3 in distal arthrogryposis (DA), and TNNT1 and TNNT3 in nemaline myopathy (NEM). Variants in skeletal troponin encoding genes compromise sarcomere function, e.g., by altering the Ca2+ sensitivity of force or by inducing atrophy. Several potential therapeutic strategies are available to counter the effects of variants, such as troponin activators, introduction of wild-type protein through AAV gene therapy, and myosin modulation to improve muscle contraction. The mechanisms underlying the pathophysiological effects of the variants in skeletal troponin encoding genes are incompletely understood. Furthermore, limited knowledge is available on the structure of skeletal troponin. This review focusses on the physiology of slow and fast skeletal troponin and the pathophysiology of reported variants in skeletal troponin encoding genes. A better understanding of the pathophysiological effects of these variants, together with enhanced knowledge regarding the structure of slow and fast skeletal troponin, will direct the development of Citation: van de Locht, M.; treatment strategies. -
Distal Myopathies a Review: Highlights on Distal Myopathies with Rimmed Vacuoles
Review Article Distal myopathies a review: Highlights on distal myopathies with rimmed vacuoles May Christine V. Malicdan, Ikuya Nonaka Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institutes of Neurosciences, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan Distal myopathies are a group of heterogeneous disorders Since the discovery of the gene loci for a number classiÞ ed into one broad category due to the presentation of distal myopathies, several diseases previously of weakness involving the distal skeletal muscles. The categorized as different disorders have now proven to recent years have witnessed increasing efforts to identify be the same or allelic disorders (e.g. distal myopathy the causative genes for distal myopathies. The identiÞ cation with rimmed vacuoles and hereditary inclusion body of few causative genes made the broad classiÞ cation of myopathy, Miyoshi myopathy and limb-girdle muscular these diseases under “distal myopathies” disputable and dystrophy type 2B (LGMD 2B). added some enigma to why distal muscles are preferentially This review will focus on the most commonly affected. Nevertheless, with the clariÞ cation of the molecular known and distinct distal myopathies, using a simple basis of speciÞ c conditions, additional clues have been classification: distal myopathies with known molecular uncovered to understand the mechanism of each condition. defects [Table 1] and distal myopathies with unknown This review will give a synopsis of the common distal causative genes [Table 2]. The identification of the myopathies, presenting salient facts regarding the clinical, genes involved in distal myopathies has broadened pathological, and molecular aspects of each disease. Distal this classification into sub-categories as to the location myopathy with rimmed vacuoles, or Nonaka myopathy, will of encoded proteins: sarcomere (titin, myosin); plasma be discussed in more detail. -
Effect of Nebulin Variants on Nebulin-Actin Interaction
Pro gradu –thesis EFFECT OF NEBULIN VARIANTS ON NEBULIN-ACTIN INTERACTION Svetlana Sofieva November 2019 University of Helsinki Genetics Folkhälsan research center Specialization in Human Genetics Tiedekunta – Fakultet – Faculty Laitos – Institution– Department Faculty of biological and environmental sciences Department of Biosciences Tekijä – Författare – Author Svetlana Sofieva Työn nimi – Arbetets titel – Title Effect of nebulin variants on nebulin-actin interaction Oppiaine – Läroämne – Subject Human genetics Työn laji – Arbetets art – Level Aika – Datum – Month and year Sivumäärä – Sidoantal – Number of pages Master’s thesis 11/2019 61 pages + 15 pages in Appendix Tiivistelmä – Referat – Abstract Nemaline myopathy (NM) is a rare congenital disorder, the most common of congenital myopathies. It affects primarily the skeletal muscles and it is recognised by nemaline bodies in muscle tissue samples and muscle weakness. Mutation of eleven genes are known to lead to NM and the most frequent disease-causing variants are either recessive NEB variants or dominant ACTA1 variants. Variants in NEB are thought to be well tolerated and only 7% of them are hypothesized to be pathogenic. Over 200 pathogenic NEB- variants have been identified in Helsinki and the majority occurred in patients as a combination of two different variants. The missense variants were speculated to have a modifying effect on pathogenicity by affecting nebulin-actin or nebulin-tropomyosin interactions. Nebulin is a gigantic protein coded by NEB and is one of the largest proteins in vertebrates. It is located in the thin filament of the skeletal muscle sarcomere. Enclosed by terminal regions, nebulin has an extensive repetitive modular region that covers over 90% of the protein. -
Supplementary Table 1
Supplementary Table 1. Large-scale quantitative phosphoproteomic profiling was performed on paired vehicle- and hormone-treated mTAL-enriched suspensions (n=3). A total of 654 unique phosphopeptides corresponding to 374 unique phosphoproteins were identified. The peptide sequence, phosphorylation site(s), and the corresponding protein name, gene symbol, and RefSeq Accession number are reported for each phosphopeptide identified in any one of three experimental pairs. For those 414 phosphopeptides that could be quantified in all three experimental pairs, the mean Hormone:Vehicle abundance ratio and corresponding standard error are also reported. Peptide Sequence column: * = phosphorylated residue Site(s) column: ^ = ambiguously assigned phosphorylation site Log2(H/V) Mean and SE columns: H = hormone-treated, V = vehicle-treated, n/a = peptide not observable in all 3 experimental pairs Sig. column: * = significantly changed Log 2(H/V), p<0.05 Log (H/V) Log (H/V) # Gene Symbol Protein Name Refseq Accession Peptide Sequence Site(s) 2 2 Sig. Mean SE 1 Aak1 AP2-associated protein kinase 1 NP_001166921 VGSLT*PPSS*PK T622^, S626^ 0.24 0.95 PREDICTED: ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A 2 Abca12 (ABC1), member 12 XP_237242 GLVQVLS*FFSQVQQQR S251^ 1.24 2.13 3 Abcc10 multidrug resistance-associated protein 7 NP_001101671 LMT*ELLS*GIRVLK T464, S468 -2.68 2.48 4 Abcf1 ATP-binding cassette sub-family F member 1 NP_001103353 QLSVPAS*DEEDEVPVPVPR S109 n/a n/a 5 Ablim1 actin-binding LIM protein 1 NP_001037859 PGSSIPGS*PGHTIYAK S51 -3.55 1.81 6 Ablim1 actin-binding -
Diagnosis and Cell-Based Therapy for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy in Humans, Mice, and Zebrafish
J Hum Genet (2006) 51:397–406 DOI 10.1007/s10038-006-0374-9 MINIREVIEW Louis M. Kunkel Æ Estanislao Bachrach Richard R. Bennett Æ Jeffrey Guyon Æ Leta Steffen Diagnosis and cell-based therapy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy in humans, mice, and zebrafish Received: 3 January 2006 / Accepted: 4 January 2006 / Published online: 1 April 2006 Ó The Japan Society of Human Genetics and Springer-Verlag 2006 Abstract The muscular dystrophies are a heterogeneous mutants carries a stop codon mutation in dystrophin, group of genetically caused muscle degenerative disor- and we have recently identified another carrying a ders. The Kunkel laboratory has had a longstanding mutation in titin. We are currently positionally cloning research program into the pathogenesis and treatment of the disease-causative mutation in the remaining 12 mu- these diseases. Starting with our identification of dys- tant strains. We hope that one of these new mutant trophin as the defective protein in Duchenne muscular strains of fish will have a mutation in a gene not previ- dystrophy (DMD), we have continued our work on ously implicated in human muscular dystrophy. This normal dystrophin function and how it is altered in gene would become a candidate gene to be analyzed in muscular dystrophy. Our work has led to the identifi- patients which do not carry a mutation in any of the cation of the defective genes in three forms of limb girdle known dystrophy-associated genes. By studying both muscular dystrophy (LGMD) and a better understand- disease pathology and investigating potential therapies, ing of how muscle degenerates in many of the different we hope to make a positive difference in the lives of dystrophies. -
Analysis of the Dystrophin Interactome
Analysis of the dystrophin interactome Dissertation In fulfillment of the requirements for the degree “Doctor rerum naturalium (Dr. rer. nat.)” integrated in the International Graduate School for Myology MyoGrad in the Department for Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy at the Freie Universität Berlin in Cotutelle Agreement with the Ecole Doctorale 515 “Complexité du Vivant” at the Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris Submitted by Matthew Thorley born in Scunthorpe, United Kingdom Berlin, 2016 Supervisor: Simone Spuler Second examiner: Sigmar Stricker Date of defense: 7th December 2016 Dedicated to My mother, Joy Thorley My father, David Thorley My sister, Alexandra Thorley My fiancée, Vera Sakhno-Cortesi Acknowledgements First and foremost, I would like to thank my supervisors William Duddy and Stephanie Duguez who gave me this research opportunity. Through their combined knowledge of computational and practical expertise within the field and constant availability for any and all assistance I required, have made the research possible. Their overarching support, approachability and upbeat nature throughout, while granting me freedom have made this year project very enjoyable. The additional guidance and supported offered by Matthias Selbach and his team whenever required along with a constant welcoming invitation within their lab has been greatly appreciated. I thank MyoGrad for the collaboration established between UPMC and Freie University, creating the collaboration within this research project possible, and offering research experience in both the Institute of Myology in Paris and the Max Delbruck Centre in Berlin. Vital to this process have been Gisele Bonne, Heike Pascal, Lidia Dolle and Susanne Wissler who have aided in the often complex processes that I am still not sure I fully understand. -
Supplementary Material
Supplementary material: Figure S1. Protein-Protein Interactions of the 127 Dysregulated proteins in brain tissues following IONP exposure. The graph was generated from STRING database. 125 nodes, 183 edges, 2.93 Average node degree, 0.411 Avg. local clustering coefficient, 122 Expected number of edges, PPI enrichment p-value 1.83e-07. 1 Figure S2. Protein-Protein Interactions of the 66 Dysregulated proteins in liver tissues following IONP exposure. The graph was generated from STRING database. 61 nodes, 103 edges, 3.38 Average node degree, 0.412 Avg. local clustering coefficient, 22 Expected number of edges, PPI enrichment p-value < 1.0e-16. 2 Figure S3. Protein-Protein Interactions of the 84 Dysregulated proteins in lung tissues following IONP exposure. The graph was generated from STRING database. 82 nodes, 125 edges, 3.05 Average node degree, 0.422 Avg. local clustering coefficient, 64 Expected number of edges, PPI enrichment p-value 1.07e-11. 3 Table S1. List of all dysregulated proteins in brain tissues following IONP exposure. A) Down regulated proteins and B) Upregulated proteins. Statistically significant iTRAQ ratios (p-value ratio and p-value sample≤0.05) for the 127 proteins that are dysregulated. A) Sequence Peptide Spectral P-Value P-Value Log 10 Accession Name Description Gene Coverage Ratio Count Count Ratio Sample Ratio % P00762 TRY1_RAT Anionic trypsin-1 Prss1 1 8 8.13 0.526 0.001 0.004 -0.279 P08592 A4_RAT Amyloid beta A4 protein App 1 2 1.17 0.546 0.010 0.004 -0.263 Q62696 DLG1_RAT Disks large homolog 1 Dlg1 1 1 1.32