Selling Catholicism: Bishop Sheen and the Power of Television

University of Kentucky UKnowledge History of Religion History 1998 Selling Catholicism: Bishop Sheen and the Power of Television Christopher Owen Lynch Kean University Click here to let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Thanks to the University of Kentucky Libraries and the University Press of Kentucky, this book is freely available to current faculty, students, and staff at the University of Kentucky. Find other University of Kentucky Books at uknowledge.uky.edu/upk. For more information, please contact UKnowledge at [email protected]. Recommended Citation Lynch, Christopher Owen, "Selling Catholicism: Bishop Sheen and the Power of Television" (1998). History of Religion. 4. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/upk_history_of_religion/4 Selling Catholicism Selling Catholicism Bishop Sheen and the Power of Television Christopher Owen Lynch THE UNIVERSITY PRESS OF KENTUCKY Publication of this volume was made possible in part by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities. Copyright © 1998 by The University Press of Kentucky Scholarly publisher for the Commonwealth, serving Bellarmine College, Berea College, Centre College of Kentucky, Eastern Kentucky University, The Filson Club Historical Society, Georgetown College, Kentucky Historical Society, Kentucky State University, Morehead State University, Murray State University, Northern Kentucky University, Transylvania University, University of Kentucky, University of Louisville, and Western Kentucky University. All rights reserved Editorial and Sales Offices: The University Press of Kentucky 663 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40508-4008 02 01 00 99 98 12 3 4 5 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Lynch, Christopher Owen, 1954- Selling Catholicism : Bishop Sheen and the power of television / Christopher Owen Lynch, p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8131-2067-5 (alk. paper) 1. Sheen, Fulton J. (Fulton John), 1895-1979. 2. Life is worth living (Television program) 3. Television in religion—United States—History. 4. Catholic Church—United States—History—20th century. 5. Christianity and culture—United States—History—20th century. 6. Christianity and culture—Catholic Church—History— 20th century. I. Title. BX4705.S612L86 1998 98-17426 282'.092—dc21 Manufactured in the United States of America Contents Foreword vii Preface ix Acknowledgments xi Introduction 1 I The Shaping of a Medieval Knight for a Modern World 15 2 Quest for Stability in the Midst of Change 32 3 The Medieval City and the Crusade for the American Ideal 59 4 A Television Troubadour Sings His Medieval Lady's Praise 87 5 Bishop Sheen's Role Negotiation from Ascetic Bishop to Television Celebrity 120 6 Bishop Sheen as Harbinger of an American Camelot 151 Notes 161 Bibliography 178 Index 196 Foreword As a high school senior I had as an assignment through the winter season from Sister Robertus, our homeroom teacher, a precis (her word) of Monsignor Fulton Sheen's Sunday night Catholic Hour sermon. That was in 1935-36. He was already a nationally known figure via radio and, at least in the east, for his preaching to a packed St. Patrick's Cathedral in New York on Jesus' "seven last words" from the cross. This Good Friday devotion came from Italy and was known as the Tre Ore, the three hours the gospels speak of that Jesus hung on the cross, from noon to three. Two years later I had a wordless encounter with Sheen while act- ing as sacristan (for my board and room) in the campus chapel at Seton Hall College. He was the guest of a faculty member he had known as a graduate student at the University of Louvain—now Leuven. My clear memory was of the length of time he spent in prayer after having presided at the rite of the Mass. At some point in those radio addresses, he began to exhort listeners to devote one hour a day to private prayer. Youthfully idealistic, I was delighted to see that he practiced what he preached. While pursuing my Ph.D. at the Catholic University of America in the mid-1940s, I audited the one graduate course Sheen's teaching schedule called for. Every chair in the room was taken well before class time, although there might have been only six or seven students following the course for credit. It was a standard two-semester history of philosophy, from the pre-Socratics to Kant, and on through the British pragmatists and modern existentialists. The well-planned lec- tures were delivered flawlessly. He used the blackboard in his flowing hand to good effect, chiefly for the spellings of names or terms in Latin and Greek, French and German. He stopped exactly at the stroke viii Foreword of the next hour. Each class was a masterful performance of the teacher's art. Fulton Sheen resigned from the Catholic University of America faculty in 1950, and I joined it that autumn. He had been appointed national director of the Society for the Propagation of the Faith, an arm of the U.S. Catholic Bishops, to raise funds supportive of mis- sion-sending societies. I never knew him as an academic colleague. I would have known him at second hand, however, had not my younger sister hied herself to a nunnery. In her four years after college she served as secretary to his predecessor in the Society post. Sheen would later be appointed to the bishopric of Rochester, New York, as this book records in tracing his career. But as a resident of Manhattan he made the transition from radio preacher to television teacher more than successfully. This was because he was a consum- mate pedagogue. He was a bit of a showman, as the new medium required, but his years in the university classroom had prepared him for that. In my early years of preparing college and graduate classes I was not a television watcher. But whenever I caught the Bishop on the screen in the home of friends, I was reminded of the teacher I knew: the piercing gaze from deep-set eyes, the trace of a smile, the deep, well-modulated voice, and above all the clarity of exposition. He made religion acceptable to a wide audience because, like a second-century apologist, he spoke of it so intelligently, so reasonably. A better word might be so winsomely He responded perfectly to the country's mood in the post-war, Truman-Eisenhower years. Let Christopher Lynch tell you how and why. Gerard S. Sloyan Professor Emeritus of Religion Temple University Preface This book is a close textual analysis of the messages of Bishop Fulton J. Sheen, drawn from forty-two episodes of his popular television program Life Is Worth Living (1952-57). The book examines Sheen's message in light of America's postwar success, an era that brought much social change. Many Catholics were climbing the socioeconomic lad- der and leaving their ghettos for the suburbs and the corporate world. However, there were tensions between Protestantism and Catholicism over issues such as the authority of the pope, religious toleration, and doctrines regarding Mary. As a result, although Catholic teaching was always embedded in his text, Sheen chose noxplicitlt toy speaaboutk e Catholic doctrine. He idealized the medieval era and held it out as a model for contemporary society, offering clear-cut boundaries that would eliminate anxiety in the midst of change. He ritualized the Catholic coming of age by communicating his message through television, the medium of contemporary America. By appealing to the mythos of American civil religion, he showed his Catholic listeners how to survive in society and reassured others that Catholics were truly patriotic. His message blessed the new corporate culture in the emerging secular society while implicitly stressing the need for the Catholic Church to mediate between the sacred and the secular. In doing this he helped pave the road to the ecumenism that would emerge in the next decade. Acknowledgments I am grateful to an Irish Catholic family that helped me appreciate a rich religious culture as I grew up in the television culture of the 1950s. To them I dedicate this book. The Passionist community inspired me with a love of the communication of religion and a critical ability that always challenges us to go beyond our own cultural boundaries. This book never would have taken shape without the guidance of the Department of Rhetoric and Communication at Temple Univer- sity. I am especially grateful to Gerard Sloyan, Aram Aghazarian, and Leonard Swidler for their careful reading. Special thanks go to Marsha Witten, whose enthusiasm and patient support challenged me to probe more deeply into the texts. She was the role model for me as professor and researcher. Tom Rosteck and Stewart Hoover helped fuel my in- terest in this analysis. Passionsists Gerald Laba and John O'Brien provided encouragement in getting this project started. Janet Yedes provided moral support as we journeyed through the introspection of the writing process. I want to thank Janice Fisher, Mary Conway and Patricia Brown for their technical assistance. Bishop Edwin Broderick was very helpful in providing information on the origins of Sheen's program; I am grateful to R.D. Heldenfels for help- ing me locate Bishop Broderick. The Reverend Sebastian Falcone provided hospitality when I visited the Sheen Archives in Rochester, New York, in 1992. Duane Pancoast of Sheen Productions was helpful in making videotapes available. The Reverend William Graf, director of archives and records for the Diocese of Rochester, played a key role in finding pictures for this book. I am appreciative of Greg Koep for the picture of myself on the jacket. Much thanks to my students and fellow faculty in the Department xii Acknowledgments of Communication and Theatre at Kean University, who never tired when I elaborated on the rhetoric of Bishop Sheen and his culture.

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