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Disease Control Newsletter Is Available on the MDH IDCN Web Site: ( ISEASE ONTROL EWSLETTER DVolume 44, Number 1 (pages 1-32) C N 2017 Annual Summary of Communicable Diseases Reported to the Minnesota Department of Health, 2016 Introduction (CDC) and, through this program, has Although human anaplasmosis Assessment of the population’s health implemented active hospital- and was initially referred to as human is a core public health function. laboratory-based surveillance for granulocytic ehrlichiosis, anaplasmosis Surveillance for communicable several conditions, including selected and ehrlichiosis (due to Ehrlichia diseases is one type of assessment. invasive bacterial diseases, foodborne chaffeensis) are distinct diseases Epidemiologic surveillance is the diseases, tickborne diseases, and caused by different rickettsial species. systematic collection, analysis, and hospitalized influenza cases. The same tick vector also transmits dissemination of health data for the etiologic agents of Lyme disease, the planning, implementation, and Isolates of pathogens from certain babesiosis, ehrlichiosis (due to Ehrlichia evaluation of health programs. The diseases are required to be submitted muris), and a strain of Powassan Minnesota Department of Health to MDH (Table 1). The MDH Public virus. A. phagocytophilum can also be (MDH) collects information on Health Laboratory (PHL) performs transmitted by blood transfusion. infectious diseases for the purposes microbiologic and molecular evaluation of determining disease impact, of isolates, such as pulsed-field gel In 2016, 733 confirmed or probable assessing trends in disease occurrence, electrophoresis (PFGE) and whole cases of anaplasmosis (13.4 cases per characterizing affected populations, genome sequencing, to determine 100,000 population) were reported, up prioritizing control efforts, and whether isolates (e.g., enteric from the 613 cases reported in 2015 evaluating prevention strategies. pathogens such as Salmonella (Figure 1). Despite annual fluctuations Prompt reporting allows outbreaks to and Escherichia coli O157:H7, and in reported cases, the overall trend is be recognized in a timely fashion when invasive pathogens such as Neisseria an increase in yearly case totals over control measures are most likely to be meningitidis) are related and potentially time. Four hundred forty-nine (61%) effective in preventing additional cases. associated with a common source. cases reported were male. The median Testing of submitted isolates also age of cases was 59 years (range, 2 In Minnesota, communicable disease allows detection and monitoring of to 97 years), 10 years older than the reporting is centralized, whereby antimicrobial resistance (see pp. 28-29). median age of Lyme disease cases. As reporting sources submit standardized is typical, most cases had illness onsets reports to MDH. Cases of disease Table 2 summarizes cases of selected during the summer months, with 59% are reported pursuant to Minnesota communicable diseases reported of cases reporting illness onsets in June Rules Governing Communicable during 2016 by district of the patient’s and July. In 2016, 203 (28%) cases were Diseases (Minnesota Rules 4605.7000 - residence. Pertinent observations for hospitalized at some point for their 4605.7800). The diseases listed in Table some of these diseases are presented infection, with a median duration of 4 1 must be reported to MDH. As stated below. Incidence rates in this report days (range, 1 to 22 days). in the rules, physicians, health care were calculated using disease-specific facilities, laboratories, veterinarians, numerator data collected by MDH and continued on page 4 and others are required to report a standardized set of denominator data these diseases. Reporting sources derived from U.S. Census data. Disease may designate an individual within an incidence is categorized as occurring INSIDE: institution to perform routine reporting within the seven-county Twin Cities duties (e.g., an infection preventionist metropolitan area (metropolitan area) Posters and Other Materials .....................26 for a hospital). Data maintained by MDH or outside of it in Greater Minnesota are private and protected under the (unless otherwise indicated). Minnesota Government Data Practices Antimicrobial Susceptibilities Act (Section 13.3805). Anaplasmosis of Selected Pathogens, 2016 ....................28 Human anaplasmosis, caused by Since April 1995, MDH has participated Anaplasma phagocytophilum, is a Emerging Infections in Clinical Practice and as an Emerging Infections Program rickettsial disease transmitted to Public Health Announcement and (EIP) site funded by the U.S. Centers humans by bites from Ixodes scapularis Registration ...............................................30 for Disease Control and Prevention (the blacklegged tick or deer tick). Table 1. Diseases Reportable to the Minnesota Department of Health REPORT IMMEDIATELY BY TELEPHONE Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis) M Plague (Yersinia pestis) M Botulism (Clostridium botulinum) Poliomyelitis M Brucellosis (Brucella spp.) M Q fever (Coxiella burnetii) M Cholera (Vibrio cholerae) M Rabies (animal and human cases and suspected cases) Diphtheria (Corynebacterium diphtheriae) M Rubella and congenital rubella syndrome M Free-living amebic infection M Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) M R (including at least: Acanthamoeba spp., Smallpox (variola) M Naegleria fowleri, Balamuthia spp., Sappinia spp.) Tularemia (Francisella tularensis) M Hemolytic uremic syndrome M Unusual or increased case incidence of any suspect infectious Measles (rubeola) M illness M Meningococcal disease (Neisseria meningitidis) (invasive) M S Viral hemorrhagic fever M Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) M (including but not limited to Ebola virus disease Orthopox virus M and Lassa fever) REPORT WITHIN ONE WORKING DAY Amebiasis (Entamoeba histolytica/dispar) Lyme disease (Borrelia burgdorferi, and other Borrelia spp.) Anaplasmosis (Anaplasma phagocytophilum) Malaria (Plasmodium spp.) Arboviral disease Meningitis (caused by viral agents) (including, but not limited to, La Crosse encephalitis, eastern Mumps M equine encephalitis, western equine encephalitis, St. Louis Neonatal sepsis M S encephalitis, West Nile virus disease, Powassan virus disease, and (bacteria isolated from a sterile site, excluding coagulase- Jamestown Canyon virus disease) negative Staphylococcus) less than seven days after birth Babesiosis (Babesia spp.) Pertussis (Bordetella pertussis) M Blastomycosis (Blastomyces dermatitidis) Psittacosis (Chlamydophila psittaci) Campylobacteriosis (Campylobacter spp.) M Retrovirus infections Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) M Salmonellosis, including typhoid (Salmonella spp.) M Cat scratch disease (infection caused by Bartonella species) Shigellosis (Shigella spp.) M Chancroid (Haemophilus ducreyi) Spotted fever rickettsiosis Chikungunya virus disease (Rickettsia spp. infections, including Rocky Mountain spotted Chlamydia trachomatis infections fever) Coccidioidomycosis Staphylococcus aureus M Cronobacter sakazakii in infants under one year of age M (only vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus [VISA], Cryptosporidiosis (Cryptosporidium spp.) M vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus [VRSA], and death Cyclosporiasis (Cyclospora spp.) M or critical illness due to community-associated Staphylococcus Dengue virus infection aureus in a previously healthy individual) Diphyllobothrium latum infection Streptococcal disease - invasive disease caused by Groups A and B Ehrlichiosis (Ehrlichia spp.) streptococci and S. pneumoniae M S Encephalitis (caused by viral agents) Streptococcal disease - non-invasive S. pneumoniae Enteric Escherichia coli infection M (urine antigen laboratory-confirmed pneumonia) (E. coli O157:H7, other Shiga toxin-producing E. coli, Syphilis (Treponema pallidum) B enterohemorrhagic Tetanus (Clostridium tetani) E. coli, enteropathogenic E. coli, enteroinvasive E. coli, Toxic shock syndrome M enteroaggregative Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii) E. coli, enterotoxigenic E. coli, or other pathogenic E. coli) Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy Giardiasis (Giardia intestinalis) Trichinosis (Trichinella spiralis) Gonorrhea (Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections) Tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex) M Haemophilus influenzae disease (all invasive disease) M S (pulmonary or extrapulmonary sites of disease, including Hantavirus infection clinically diagnosed disease). Latent tuberculosis infection is not Hepatitis (all primary viral types including A, B, C, D, and E) B reportable. Histoplasmosis (Histoplasma capsulatum) Typhus (Rickettsia spp.) Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, Unexplained deaths and unexplained critical illness including Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) B (possibly due to infectious cause) M Influenza M Varicella (chickenpox) M (unusual case incidence, critical illness, or laboratory-confirmed Vibrio spp. M cases) Yellow fever Kawasaki disease Yersiniosis, enteric (Yersinia spp.) M Kingella spp. (invasive only) M S Zika virus disease B Legionellosis (Legionella spp.) M Zoster (shingles) M Leprosy (Hansen’s disease) (Mycobacterium leprae) (all cases <18 years old; unusual case incidence/complications Leptospirosis (Leptospira interrogans) regardless of age) Listeriosis (Listeria monocytogenes) M SENTINEL SURVEILLANCE* Reportable Diseases, MN Rule 4605.7040 *Diseases reportable through sentinel surveillance are reportable FOOTNOTES based on the residence of the patient or the specific health care facility. Sentinel surveillance
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