F N E E R W M S I

FERMILAB AU.S. DEPARTMENT OF E NERGY L ABORATORY

ALL USERS ISSUE Photo by Reidar Hahn

Volume 26 INSIDE: Friday, June 13, 2003 Number 10 2 World at Work 4 Users: Numbers… f 5 …and Faces 8 The Old DOE-Re-Mi 10 All Work, No Play? 12 Users Office in High Demand TheThe Fermilab users blend backgrounds WorldWorld and cultures in the pursuit of science atat by Sena Desai They come from a farming village of 400 people in southern Slovakia, or from the concrete metropolis of 13 million in Mumbai, India. They come from WorkWork as far away as Protvino, Russia, or from as nearby as Chicago. Fermilab users are defined as scientists who are members of experimental collaborations classified as active in the annually published “Fermilab Research Program Workbook.” There are more than 2,600 of them, from 213 laboratories and universities the world over; from 99 institutions representing 34 states in the U.S., and another 114 institutions representing 31 countries. Diverse nationalities, personalities, cultures, and ideas come together on 6,800 acres of prairie at the frontier of high-energy physics research, with the goal of unraveling the mysteries of the universe. They bring with them their own styles of problem solving in their own areas of expertise. Mike Kirby, a Duke University Ph.D. student at CDF, says this blend adds a unique value to the laboratory’s research. “The Japanese are big on neutrino physics and the CERN group has more experience with neural networking than we do,” says Kirby. “And when there is a problem in those areas, they draw from their past experiences.” ABOVE: Universities Research Association, Inc. president Fred Bernthal (right) presents the URA The number of Fermilab users has increased from 2,281 in 2000 to 2,615 in Thesis Award to Valmiki Prasad, Ph.D., of the 2003, with students representing about 26 percent of the total. There are now University of Chicago. 1,628 physicists and students from U.S. universities and laboratories, up from COVER PHOTO: Alvin Tollestrup (left) presents the new URA-sponsored Alvin Tollestrup Award 1,469 in 2000; and 987 users from other countries, up from 812 in 2000. for postdoctoral research to Juan Cruz Estrada of DZero. The Institute of High Energy Physics in Russia has 62 researchers working at Fermilab, the highest among foreign users. Ecuador, Ireland, Slovakia, and Turkey send one researcher each. From California, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory sends 59 users, while the University of California, San Diego, sends one. The CDF collaboration has 720 users, while DZero has 647. For students, working with the best scientists in their field is an especially enriching experience. Avdhesh Chandra, a Ph.D. student from the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research in India is visiting Fermilab for six months. Chandra did remote ON THE WEB: shifts from India, on the DZero detector, but now he’s excited about being in URA the control room at Fermilab. “Working in the DZero control room is easier,” Universities Research Association: he says. “I have access to experts right here, and a problem can be solved right away.” www.ura-hq.org UEC Arnold Pompos, a Purdue University student originally from that small village Users Executive Committee: in Slovakia, came to Fermilab in 1996 after Run I—at what he calls the best of all times for him. “I was handed Run I data and told to use it and abuse it,” www.fnal.gov/orgs/fermilab_users_org he laughs. “I could not have imagined a better time to come. The data was /new_uec taken, cleaned up, and ready for analysis. At this moment, Fermilab has data that no else has. No one accelerates particles like we do.”

2 FERMINEWS Friday, June 13, 2003 From the GSA New Perspectives judging panel of Andreas Kronfeld, New Bill Foster and Patty McBride: “As always, it was a pleasure to judge the posters. All six being judged were very good, with clear and enthusiastic explanations. It was difficult to narrow it down. Our ranking, for the top Perspectives 2003 three spots: 1. Robert Zwaska, ‘The NuMi Beam;’ 2. Mohammad Alsharo’a, ‘Mechanical Design of Radio Frequency Cavities for the Muon Collider and Neutrino Factory;’ 3. Vahid Ranjbar, ‘Chromaticity Measurement at the Tevatron Using Head-Tail Phase Shift Technique.’ Our congratulations f to the winners, and also to the others.”

Kiril Datchev, Columbia University, Sunny Chang, University of Wisconsin, “Studies for the Jocelyn Monroe, Columbia University, CDF Pre-Calorimeter Material” (with Patty McBride) Melanie Novak, Indiana University (pictured), “MiniBooNE: An Overview”

Muhammad Asharo’a, Illinois Institute of Technology, “Mechanical Design of Radio Frequency Cavities for the Muon Collider and Neutrino Factory”

Robert Zwaska, University of Texas at Austin, “The NuMI Beam” Photos by Reidar Hahn Vahid Ranjbar, Fermilab, “Chromaticity Measurement at the Tevatron Edivaldo Santos, University of Sao Paulo, Using Head-Tail Phase Shift Technique” (with McBride and Alvin Tollestrup) “A Study of the Neutral Ke4 Decay at KTeV”

Pompos is concerned about Fermilab’s future “There is a big team of people from all over the prospects once the Large Hadron Collider era world working together, yet maintaining their begins at CERN, the European Particle Physics identities,” Bheesette says. “I do my job and laboratory. However, Satyanarayana Bheesette, I am respected for that. Fermilab’s environment an engineer from Tata Institute, regards the LHC stimulates research.” era as “far away,” adding: “There is a gamut of The lab environment also offers a wide worldview. interesting science happening here that draws Kirby says he now has friends from 15 different people from around the world.” countries, and the interactions can be instructive. Bheesette arrived ten years ago as part of “Every culture has a traditional structure and a way the Tata Institute team that designed the 200 they interact with their superiors and with each scintillation counters for DZero. He always believed other,” he says. “For example, the Italians are more that small groups of people could conduct research expressive than we are. This just adds some spice. more effectively than large collaborations, but he We all share the experience of different cultures was immediately and pleasantly surprised at while being on the same side—that of high-energy Fermilab. physics.”

FERMINEWS Friday, June 13, 2003 3 Numbers…

TOTAL USERS

U.S. Physicists Students Subtotal Institutions University 761 445 1206 93 Industry 0 0 0 0 National Lab. 402 20 422 6 Subtotal 1163 465 1628 99

Non-U.S. Physicists Students Subtotal Institutions University 459 195 654 91 Industry 0 0 0 0 National Lab. 294 39 333 23 Subtotal 753 234 987 114

TOTAL 1916 699 2615 213

INTERNATIONAL USERS / TOP 10 BY COUNTRY OF INSTITUTION Phys. Grad. Total HOME INSTITUTION 1. IHEP - Protvino (Russia) 60 2 62 Italy, 203; Russia, 180; Japan, 98; United Kingdom, 83; 2. INFN – Pisa (Italy) 36 13 49 France, 77; Germany, 53; South Korea, 43; Brazil, 39; 3. JINR – Dubna (Russia) 43 2 45 Peoples Republic of China, 28; Canada, 26; India, 26; 4. University of Tsukuba- Japan 14 24 38 Mexico, 21; Switzerland, 13; Czech Republic, 12; 5. INFN – Frascati (Italy) 22 3 25 The Netherlands, 12; 6. ITEP – Moscow (Russia) 25 0 25 Sweden, 11; Greece, 7; 7. University of Padova - Italy 14 9 23 Colombia, 6; Spain, 6; 8. University of Oxford - England 13 9 22 Byelarus, 4; Finland, 4; 9. University of Toronto - Canada 11 10 21 Vietnam, 4; Israel, 3; 10. CEA-SACLAY - France 18 2 20 Poland, 3; Argentina, 2; 10. CBPF - Brazil 15 5 20 New Zealand, 2; Ecuador, 1; Ireland, 1; Slovakia, 1; Turkey, 1

U.S. USERS / TOP 10 (after FNAL, 295) BY STATE OF INSTITUTION Phys. Grad. Total HOME INSTITUTION 1. Lawrence Berkeley National Lab 42 17 59 Illinois, 463; New York, 169; California, 162; Massachusetts, 2. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 28 23 51 108; Michigan, 92; Texas, 72; Indiana, 70; Pennsylvania, 58; 3. University of Rochester 24 27 51 New Jersey, 39; Florida, 37; Maryland, 31; Minnesota, 31; 4. University of Chicago 19 16 35 Kansas, 29; North Carolina, 29; New Mexico, 27; Arizona, 23; 5. SUNY at Stony Brook 18 17 35 Virginia, 19; Wisconsin, 18; Colorado, 17; Iowa, 17; 6. Michigan State University 22 12 34 Rhode Island, 17; Connecticut, 14; Oklahoma, 13; Ohio, 11; 7. University of Illinois, Champaign 17 16 33 Louisiana, 10; South Carolina, 10; 8. Harvard University 16 15 31 Tennessee, 10; Washington, 7; 9. Argonne National Laboratory 29 1 30 Hawaii, 6; Puerto Rico, 6; 10. University of Minnesota 18 12 30 Alabama, 4; Nebraska, 4; 10. Rutgers University 25 5 30 Oregon, 4; Delaware, 1

4 FERMINEWS Friday, June 13, 2003 …and Faces

Enrico Onofri University of Parma and Theory Group, with all-important notebook and personal organizer

Parma, Italy, is a 2000-year-old town established as a Roman camp on the way to Gallia. The University of Parma has some 30,000 students and a unique Science Campus. Parma is better known for its food than for its university, but this is because the food is REALLY good—parmesan cheese, prosciutto ham, much more. I first came to Fermilab briefly in 1976 while on a NATO fellowship at Princeton. The site was beautiful, like today, and the physics was at the frontier, like today. I returned as a visitor for several summers, and now I am on sabbatical from Parma. I’m more an applied mathematician than a physicist, but my main goal is solving problems in theoretical physics. At the moment I am after a problem in two-dimensional quantum field theory. Two dimensional space-time has been a kind of playground for theorists, but it could be more important than we believe. I’m too old to work on such frontier problems as quantum gravity, or M-theory, or noncommutative geometry. I hope to really understand the nature of quark confinement and the role of non-perturbative effects in quantum chromodynamics. It’s an old problem, and many people claim to have the solution, but I believe that we are still far from a satisfactory solution. As a boy, the main attraction for me was mathematics. Such books as Hilbert-ConVossen, “Intuitive Geometry,” and Courant-Robbins, “What is Mathematics?” were on my desk together with Carl Barks’ “Donald Duck” (I keep all of these at my fingers even today). The quest for Nature’s inner secrets, started by the Greeks, continued by Kepler, Galileo, Newton, Maxwell, Einstein, Fermi…it represents the highest of human aspirations and should be supported by all countries which claim to be civilized. In my late years as a professor in Italy, I’ll fight this battle!

Michel Sorel Columbia University and MiniBooNE, with MiniBooNE horn components

The first time I came to Fermilab was in 1996, as a summer student from the University of Bologna, to learn physics and to contribute to the upgrade of the CDF detector. I’ve kept an excellent “souvenir” of that summer. It made it easier for me to decide to start a Ph.D. at a U.S. institution three years later. I came back to Fermilab two and a half years ago, this time to study neutrinos. In the near-term, I will do my best to contribute to the first physics results of MiniBooNE. This is a pretty exciting and busy time for us! I have not made up my mind on what I’d like to do next: I may continue with neutrinos, or perhaps learn about cosmology. It is also going to depend on what MiniBooNE sees. Doing research in physics is for me both a noble and fun activity—noble, because it is motivated by the general interest of knowledge; and fun, because it requires a certain dose of personal creativity, unlike many other jobs! Getting to continuously contest your points of view with those of other physicists adds to the fun.

FERMINEWS Friday, June 13, 2003 5 Chris Hays Duke University and CDF, with papers

I came to Fermilab as a graduate student on NuTeV, stayed to do my thesis work at DZero, and now I’m a post-doc at CDF. I am working on the offline tracking, and on searches for new particles. Most recently, I have worked on a search for doubly-charged particles decaying to leptons. The CDF tracking chambers will be the key components of a number of the world’s best measurements, crucial steps toward understanding the origin of mass and of the matter-antimatter asymmetry in the universe. The search for doubly- charged particles has the potential to dramatically alter our view of the universe. If we find a doubly-charged Higgs particle, it will provide circumstantial evidence for a right-handed weak force, a completely new force with new particles and interactions. With this new force, the low neutrino masses could be explained as a by-product of the large scale at which the left-right symmetry is broken. What motivates me in my day-to-day work is simple curiosity, a drive to understand how things work at the most fundamental level. What motivates me to give my life to improving our understanding of the universe is the belief that an understanding of the universe provides an important perspective on our place in it. We do not just live in the universe, we are a part of it. Understanding how it works gives us a sense of what our role in the universe is, and what it can be.

Amber Jenkins Imperial College, London, and DZero, with CP Violation teddy bears

As a scientist, I believe that communication is vital. What good is our research if we are not able to share it? Particle physics is a very esoteric subject, so we have to think outside the box to do this. I once explained the concept of CP violation to my boyfriend using teddy bears….an amusing yet highly effective method!! For me, coming to Fermilab is a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity. We are working together in an international collaboration sharing a common goal and similar passions. We are asking the most fundamental questions of the universe: Where do we come from? How was the universe created? How will it end? These are the most challenging questions humanity can ask, and for me the most inspiring ones. In the short term, I hope to complete my Ph.D.! I want to continue my research, and to always be excited and challenged by the work that I do. I would like to travel and see more of the world and of other cultures, to have a family and share my passions with my children. And to never stop learning. I am amazed and inspired by the people I meet: by their dedication, motivation and thirst for knowledge.

6 FERMINEWS Friday, June 13, 2003 USERS: Faces Simona Murgia Stanford University and MINOS, with hardhat

I am originally from Cagliari, Italy. I left my beautiful island, Sardinia, to attend graduate school at Michigan State University, and soon joined the CDF collaboration. It is a very exciting time for neutrino physics. Other experiments have led us to believe that neutrinos have mass, and the goal of MINOS to detect and verify neutrino oscillations, and to make mass measurements. That final stage, the measurement, is a big part of what makes the work of an experimental particle physicist gratifying. The near and far MINOS detectors are being built and tested before data taking begins in early 2005, when a beam of neutrinos will be sent from Fermilab to a mine in northern Minnesota, where the far detector is located half a mile underground. I spent some time in Minnesota this past winter working on the detector assembly and commissioning. As the detector is being built, plane by plane, the data coming in—mostly from cosmic muons—is recorded, and we are searching for a signature from atmospheric neutrinos. The detector is already being put to work before it is even completed! It is very impressive how much work it takes before an experiment goes on-line, but in the end everything comes together and we learn something new. Photos by Reidar Hahn Levan Babukhadia SUNY at Stony Brook and DZero, with Central Track Trigger digital boards

I find it fascinating that as a physicist, not only can I ask the “big questions” about Mother Nature, but also work day-to-day on actually finding answers. At the Tevatron, the world’s energy frontier, I’m working on searches for a Higgs particle. Central as it is to the Standard Model, the Higgs itself is a window to new physics. And I’m excited working on searches for supersymmetric Higgs, particularly promising at these early stages of Run II. Earlier, as a leader of a team of physicists and engineers, I worked on the fast, digital Central Track Trigger for DZero in Run II, and in particular the VHDL firmware, or ‘brains’, for its 500+ FPGAs. I’ve worked on Atlas at CERN, on inclusive jet cross sections in Run I, and in theory and phenomenology. Back in Tbilisi, Georgia, I started as a theorist working on topological field theoretical models in (2+1) dimensions, which are interesting because the Chern-Simons interaction provides an alternative to the Higgs mechanism. Since then I have also worked on models of weak and strong interactions. As exciting as it is to be able to work on such a variety of topics, it is intriguing that ordinary matter as we know it seems to comprise only a tiny fraction of our universe. So I am sure there are a lot of surprises awaiting us in the near future, as we attempt to unveil the nature of the Higgs and of supersymmetry, if it’s there, and of dark matter and maybe even of dark energy.

FERMINEWS Friday, June 13, 2003 7 THE OLD DOE-Re-Mi

by Mike Perricone

Marburger tells Money makes the beam go ‘round. Money is the root of all upgrades, and the root of all luminosity. restive users Money also became a pointed source of debate as John Marburger, Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy and science advisor to the President, offered a Washington-based perspective to the Fermilab Annual to bank on Users Meeting on June 2 in Wilson Hall’s Ramsey Auditorium. The former director of Brookhaven National Laboratory, Marburger stressed exciting research, the need to make effective use of limited funding, when tight budgets mean there are only so many resources available in the system—“similar to the not spinoffs law of conservation of energy, though not as elegantly stated.” Marburger said OSTP is trying to bring funding agencies together in planning big science, as a reaction to budget pressures. He cited the National Science Foundation and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration beginning to work jointly on plans for building telescopes. Desperate funding, he implied, calls for desperate measures. “If things don’t change,” Marburger said, “budgets are likely to get less and less adequate for each ‘stovepipe’ lab effort. It may get to the point where the science is no longer competitive. I’d hate to see that happen.” While big science might seem like a bargain to scientists, Marburger countered: “big-apparatus science is expensive, requiring big machines and big computers.” The science community is a source of advice for science policy, he said, but the advice must come from a knowledge of funding realities, and of the competitive demands of other labs and other sciences. An electron-positron collider might make sense for high-energy physics, but his question is how it would fit into flat funding. ON THE WEB: “How much would it cost?” Marburger asked rhetorically. “Take a number— say $6 billion, and say the U.S. share is a third of that, or $2 billion. You do Annual Users Meeting: the math. It’ll take 10 years to build, and $200 million a year for our share www.fnal.gov/orgs/fermilab_users_org seems reasonable. At what point do we think the current high-energy physics Fermilab Long Range budget can sustain a $200 million construction effort? That’s the kind of Planning Committee: thinking we have to start with.” www.fnal.gov/directorate/Longrange/ From beginning to end, from MiniBooNE data to the nearly completed MINOS Long_range_planning_public.html far detector, from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey to the closing “open mike” session, the Users Meeting offered a challenge to users’ thinking. Fermilab Director Michael Witherell led off the talks by showing the climb in Tevatron luminosity since September 2002. But he offered a draft plan with

8 FERMINEWS Friday, June 13, 2003 With tight budgets, what is the “opportunity cost” of running the collider vs. preparing for the future? Should the next big decision on the direction of the field wait for LHC data? Is 2009 too late for luminosity goals, with researchers Photo by Reidar Hahn expected to begin John Marburger: “To have an impact on policy, you must inform yourselves about the process, and interact in a way that transmits your vision of what should be done.” heading for LHC in 2007? lower base and stretch goals for integrated Can the lab make a strong statement of its luminosity in Run II, and pointed to still tighter desire to host a world linear collider? budgets in FY '04 and in the foreseeable future. Was the effort on the Tevatron limited by being Witherell also announced the formation of a lab-centered in contrast with large scale user Fermilab Long Range Planning Committee under contributions in CDF and DZero upgrades? the leadership of Associate Director for Research Hugh Montgomery. Will tight budgets result in the biggest projects “sucking all the oxygen out of the room,” at the Maintaining the accelerator complex with the expense of smaller projects and R&D efforts? 20-year-old Tevatron and the 32-year-old Linac strains staff and budget, Beams Division head In the LHC era, can Fermilab make itself “not Roger Dixon forthrightly reported. The Linac is just the best place to be if you’re not at CERN, running on “borrowed tubes,” some hard-to-get but the best place to do physics?” power amplifier tubes on loan from Brookhaven Have 12 years at the energy frontier been Lab. With antiprotons the long-range key to perceived as a “failure” in Washington? Is the luminosity. Dixon has created a dedicated Recycler best long-term solution to focus on the short term— Department, under Sergei Nagaitsev and Cons run the machines and produce data—and do that Gattusso. Dixon also encouraged users to short term very well? collaborate on the collider itself. Marburger wasn’t present for the open mike Meeting organizer John Conway of Rutgers session, but some of his comments would have fit University and UEC chair Chris White of Illinois well. He said it was critical to compete for funding, Institute of Technology were pleased with the not on the basis of technological spinoffs, but on larger-than-usual turnout of about 500 registrants. the basis of “exciting research that we have to In addition to Marburger on the program, Conway find out about, ideas that people are interested in, was also able to include Robin Staffin, the the same approach that worked for the space Department of Energy’s deputy associate director program.” He conceded that the budget process for high-energy and nuclear physics, and Marv was far from perfect. Goldberg, program director for mathematics “But there is a sense of responsibility in Congress, and physical sciences at the National Science to spend consistently with a vision,” Marburger Foundation. Fred Gilman, chairman of the said. “To have an impact on policy, you must DOE-NSF High-Energy Physics Advisory Panel, inform yourselves about the process, and interact was not on the program but was in the audience. in a way that transmits your vision of what should The “open mike” session on Tuesday afternoon be done.” fulfilled its mission, leaving the users and the lab with serious questions to consider:

FERMINEWS Friday, June 13, 2003 9 ALLALL WORK, WORK,

No Playby Elizabeth Clements ? Qualifiers, owl shifts, C++, dissertations—a few of the cacophonous words that describe the frenetic life of a graduate student at Fermilab. Fermilab is home to one of the largest concentrations of high-energy physics graduate students (and quite possibly the largest volume of high caffeine Graduate beverages) around the globe. In a lab with 2,000 employees and more than 2,600 users, a graduate student can easily feel lost in the crowd. This is how Benn Tannenbaum felt when he was a graduate student at Fermilab. Student “We felt that the field as a whole wasn’t really looking at or listening to graduate students’ concerns about the future of high-energy physics,” said Tannenbaum, currently the American Physical Society Congressional Association Science Fellow, working with Representative Edward Markey (Massachusetts, 7th CD). “[Graduate students] are the future of the field. We needed to be connects involved to make ourselves heard.” In 1995, Benn Tannenbaum, Tacy Joffe-Minor, John Kim and Michael Begel formally established the Graduate Student Association (GSA) as the voice young for graduate students at Fermilab. The main mission of the GSA is to represent the needs of the graduate students by acting as a liaison with the directorate, the experiments, and scientists the Users’ Executive Committee. Other main objectives of the GSA include continuing the education of graduate students by providing scholarships for C++ computing and academic physics classes, distributing information with life about employment opportunities, participating in outreach and education activities and, perhaps most significant of all, organizing social events. at Fermilab Each October, the graduate student population nominates and elects five new representatives to manage and organize the GSA. The 2003 representatives are Amber Jenkins, Imperial College London, DZero; Andy Haas, University of Washington, DZero; Jun Zhang, Columbia University, Astro-Theory; Martin Hennecke, Karlsruhe University, CDF; and Reid Mumford, John Hopkins University, CDF. While some political representatives have inaugural balls, the newly elected GSA officers always kick off their term with the annual Halloween party. ON THE WEB: “One hundred and twenty people partied in the [Kuhn] barn all night this year, and everybody had fantastic costumes. There was also apple bobbing, Graduate Student Association pumpkin carving and prizes,” Jenkins said. “One of the roles of the GSA is of Fermilab to organize social events for the young physics community, which is how, www.fnal.gov/orgs/gsa/about/index.html in reality, we probably touch graduate students the most.” The GSA social calendar does not stop at Halloween. In the spring, the GSA officers organized a bingo night, renaming the game Fermi. They are also

10 FERMINEWS Friday, June 13, 2003 GSA Photo by Reidar Hahn

The 2003 GSA Representatives (from left to right): Martin Hennecke, Karlsruhe University, CDF; Andy Haas, University of Washington, DZero; Amber Jenkins, Imperial College London, DZero; Reid Mumford, John Hopkins University, CDF and Jun Zhang, Columbia University, Astro-Theory. planning a summer triathlon, consisting of fifty laps While social events and trips sound like fun and in the pool, a 25K bike ride and a run once around games, many graduate students would argue that the main ring (teams are welcome). This summer’s “down in the trenches with a ball and chain” is an highlight is Pachanga Season, a series of Latin- accurate description of what they do. As Mumford American parties with music and dancing all night explained wryly, “We organize the social events to long in Fermilab’s village. take our minds off the misery.” Although social activities are understandably In reality, graduate students play an integral role important to Fermilab’s graduate students, the in fulfilling the lab’s science mission. From writing GSA’s agenda has more on it than bingo and the software to taking shifts to conducting analysis Merengue. In March, the Universities Research (and at some point even graduating), the students Association sent the GSA Officers on the UEC’s quickly become the experts in their experiments. eighth annual trip to Washington, D.C. The GSA “[Graduate students] make the thing run. The Officers met with senators and representatives to experiment would fall over without us,” said Haas raise awareness of high-energy physics, and of the with a laugh. “The professors are busy teaching DOE Office of Science as the largest single funder classes and preparing talks. The young people of the physical sciences in the United States. GSA actually do the work. Every now and then, we even also sponsors the New Perspectives Conference, have good new ideas—and we know C++.” which features talks by Fermilab’s graduate students from various experiments during the John Womersley, the DZero co-spokesperson, Users Annual Meeting. could not agree more. “The New Perspectives Conference is the GSA’s “Graduate students are the heart of these big longest-lasting legacy, and I’m especially happy experiments,” he said. “They are the driving force that it is still continuing,” said Tannenbaum. “New behind the analysis, and they know the most about Perspectives is really the only chance for graduate the experiments. Almost every paper published is students to hear what work is going on outside based on the work of graduate students with their their own experiments. The Users’ Meeting tends to advisors. They are young, enthusiastic, and, of be very high-level and political. New Perspectives course, brilliant.” features the people who are down in the trenches doing the actual work.”

FERMINEWS Friday, June 13, 2003 11 New DOE regulations raise USERS concerns among users OFFICE by Kurt Riesselmann With more than 50 roads and 100 buildings situated on 10 square miles, Fermilab can easily overwhelm a first-time visitor. But the Fermilab Users Center provides a home away from home. “It’s the first interface that users have with Fermilab,” said Chris White, in HIGH professor at Illinois Institute of Technology and chairman of the Fermilab Users Executive Committee. “Other than scientists, there are only a few other people at the lab that users work with. Dianne is the face of the laboratory.” Dianne is Dianne Snyder, who has worked in the Users’ Office for over Demand six years and took over as head of the office with the retirement of Pat Sorensen in January. Snyder and Barb Book, who joined the office in March, function as the “reference desk” at Fermilab, fielding questions ranging from badges to computer accounts, from housing to safety training, from car rentals to medical insurance, from maps and brochures to “Procedures for Experimenters” and the Graduate Student Association’s “Guide to Life at Fermilab.” DOE REQUESTS ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Just two weeks after taking over the office, Snyder faced a baptism by fire. A Department of Energy directive required national laboratories by April 4 to collect additional data on all foreign visitors and verify their legal status in the U.S., even those already living and working somewhere in the United States. With Fermilab Associate Director for Administration Bruce Chrisman, Snyder had to understand and implement the new DOE requirements. “It was mind-boggling with all the changes,” said Snyder, who has been at the lab for almost 25 years. “We had appointments with users every fifteen minutes and dealt with walk-ins at the same time. We had a stream of people, sometimes 20 people deep, plus phone calls and emails about the new Barbara Book (left) and Dianne Snyder compare notes while setting up the requirements. We never have had a dull moment.” Users Office to handle new demands Snyder gathered and entered data for about 1,400 users, and was noted for for foreign user data. combining courtesy with efficiency. “She took over the job just at the time that a huge new workload evolved, and she’s done a superb job,” said assistant director Roy Rubinstein. “Though the ON THE WEB: users weren’t happy about the new requirements, they respected the way that Dianne dealt with them.” Fermilab Users’ Office: www.fnal.gov/pub/forphysicists/users/ CONTROVERSY OVER SPECIAL PROCEDURE Guide for Newcomers from Fermilab doesn’t carry out classified research, but the new DOE order Foreign Countries: requires scientists born in, or with citizenship of, a country on the U.S. State www.fnal.gov/pub/forphysicists/users/ Department’s list of “State Sponsors of Terrorism” to obtain authorization newcomers/ before coming to the lab. The special procedure applies to all non-U.S. citizens of or born in Cuba, Libya, Iran, Iraq, North Korea, Sudan and Syria, Reporting Visa Status Changes: even if they are already in the United States on a valid visa. www.fnal.gov/pub/forphysicists/users/ visa_status.html Some users point out that even at the height of the Cold War the U.S. allowed Russian scientists to work at Fermilab. Other scientists fear being unable to attend the Lepton-Photon conference at Fermilab in August.

12 FERMINEWS Friday, June 13, 2003 “ on Fermilab experiments for six years, return to the Office to obtain more information or to file additional paperwork. additional file to or information more obtain to Office the to return years, six for experiments Fermilab on Knuteson Bruce like users, all later or user.Sooner new every for stop first the Snyder,is Dianne by headed Office, Users The Fermilab. at conference CMS a attend to wished collaborators Iranian if permission DOE prior obtain to have would and CERN, at experiment CMS the to contributions DOE U.S. Teheran.in the hardware manages Fermilab constructing are scientists four and CERN, at working currently are Iran from Twostudents detector.CMS the to million $1.1 about worth components contribute to agreed has government Iranian The list. Department State the on countries the of one Iran, with collaboration existing an has CERN center research European the Meanwhile, travel.” free to impediments fewer are there where elsewhere, research their do to decide may users Fermilab, at access scientific to barriers many too put we If citizenship. their or born, were they where to due simply lab the access to scientists certain for hard it make rules current The exclusion. not inclusion, about is lab “Our way,”White. wrong said the people rubs community,scientific this international open an “In It’s the that USERS HAVE FIRST INTERFACE big, big issues.” big big, are these users non-U.S. For own. its of problems poses visa, J-1 the thing, best next The used. frequently visitors Fermilab that visa B-1 the of use the restricting is INS “The Chrisman. said time,” of period long a over U.S. the to travel frequently to users non-U.S. requires that collaboration international long-term for appropriate really is visa U.S. existing “No collaboration. scientific hinder often that renewals and applications visa on policies new be to seem what are complications further Adding O or other places outside Fermilab.” outside places other or universities at meetings collaboration future hold to decide might experimenters difficult, remains Fermilab into getting if realize, “We Rubinstein. said discriminate,” way.not same do Wethe users all with deal we can, we “Toextent best the HRVS PROBLEMS VISA THER with Fermilab. —UEC ChairChrisWhite FERMINEWS Friday, June 13, 2003 Friday,13, June FERMINEWS who has worked has who ”

Photo by Reidar Hahn 13 Visa problems for scientists the process takes up a lot of time of Fermilab USERS pre-date the changes effected after to deal with this.” September 11, 2001. The previous John Marburger, director of the Office of Science month, the UEC had been sufficiently and Technology Policy and science advisor to concerned to conduct a survey OFFICE the President of the U.S., has spoken often about of users at several national the visa issue (see FERMINEWS, Vol. 26, No. 7, laboratories, resulting in a request April 25, 2003). At the Fermilab Users’ Meeting that the State Department introduce a new type on June 2, he spoke about it again to more than of visa for visiting scientists. 400 Fermilab scientists. “Many U.S. agencies are interested in this idea,” “This is a very serious issue that my office is said Rubinstein. “But since 9/11 the emphasis working on every day,” he said. “The good news has been on security issues.” is that there is the consensus of international Heightened security concerns have slowed down collaboration. We are not rejecting people. visa processing. For Fermilab employees and There is the practical problem of not making any users without U.S. citizenship, leaving the U.S. has decision [on visa applications]. We must improve often resulted in delayed returns, prompting some this. I’m optimistic about solving it since it is clear scientists to cancel their participation in meetings it needs to be resolved. We have to either do a outside the U.S. Hiring a scientist from a foreign better job at dealing with this backlog or add more country is also more difficult. people.” “We’ve made job offers to non-U.S. citizens,” Either way, Snyder, Book and the Users Office will said Chrisman. “There have been delays, and be there to do what’s needed.

“It was MIND-BOGGLING with all the changes.” —Diane Snyder Photo by Reidar Hahn Users are never far from the Users Office, which is at the upper left corner in this photo of the GSA poster session, “New Perspectives 2003.”

14 FERMINEWS Friday, June 13, 2003 FERMILAB ARTS SERIES SUMMER SEASON To purchase tickets for Arts and Lecture Series events, or for further information or telephone reservations, call 630-840-ARTS weekdays between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Phone reservations are held for five working days, but will be released for sale if not paid for within that time. Will-Call tickets may be picked up, or available tickets purchased, at the lobby box office on the night of the performance beginning at 7 p.m. When coming to this event, only the Pine Street entrance to Fermilab will be open. For more information, check out our web page at www.fnal.gov/culture. CHRISTINE LAVIN IN APRIL VERCH CORKY SIEGEL’S CHAMBER BLUES WHAT WAS I THINKING? July 19, 2003; $18 ($9 ages 18 and under) WITH BONNIE KOLOC June 14, 2003; $17 ($9 ages 18 and under) “It’s always a good thing for a performer to leave August 23, 2003; $20 ($10 ages 18 and under) “Lavin knows how to keep her audience guessing an audience howling for more. But she is such a “Corky Siegel’s Chamber Blues – Classical Music, thinking and laughing at the same time” startlingly brilliant player/performer you have to elegant and precise, marries the loose and - The Washington Post wonder whether even too much would be enough.” passionate blues in this utterly winning musical In Christine – Halifax Herald program.” – The Austin Chronicle Lavin’s smart Emerging from For almost four decades the defining cultural arts and funny the thick of the critics from Rolling Stone, Stereophile, Down Beat, theatre/concert traditional music Billboard, Jazziz, New York Times, and Washington you hear the scene, the Post have all recognized Corky Siegel as a soundtrack of fiddling and “phenomenal virtuoso on harmonica... a deftly American life: its step dance accomplished genius of the Blues” and a pioneer people (Strangers vitality of an April who brings his original award-winning benchmark Talk to Me); Verch concert is compositions to delighted audiences globally. New preoccupations a breath of fresh fans and longtime followers of Corky’s blues career (Making Friends air. Though she have been quick to embrace his freshly innovative, with My Grey has deep roots in genre-busting Chamber Blues. Hair); realities (I the fiddling of her Chicago singer/songwriter Bonnie Koloc joins Was in Love with native Ottawa Chamber Blues for a multi-media event titled a Difficult Man); Valley in Canada, “Bestiary” which features some of Bonnie’s original inanities (What April’s broad artwork and songs. Koloc is often considered, along Was I Thinking?); repertoire with John Prine and Steve Goodman, as one of flutters (Harrison features Chicago’s top three singer/songwriters. Ford) and hard traditional and facts (Looked contemporary Good on Paper). tunes ranging from French Canadian to Appalachian, An award winning from Bluegrass to Celtic, and Brazilian to Old Time, singer/songwriter/ guitarist/comedienne, she has not to mention her own colorful compositions. No recorded and released fourteen albums of original matter what you call it, April’s music is beguiling in material, sings her own and others’ songs on three the way it brilliantly balances contemporary élan disks of the “Four Bitchin’ Babes” (a group she and traditional resonance. This young musician is founded, nurtured and performed in during the highly sought-after, not only for her master fiddling, 1990’s), and has put together and produced eight but also for her virtuoso Ottawa Valley step compilations showcasing the works of dozens of dancing. April’s award-winning performances singer/songwriters. From her award winning songs of this dynamic, high-energy form of dancing to her adroit comedy and twirling batons, Christine never fail to bring the house down. Lavin is an original.

LUNCH SERVED FROM FOR RESERVATIONS, CALL X4512 11:30 A.M. TO 1 P.M. CAKES FOR SPECIAL OCCASIONS $10/PERSON DIETARY RESTRICTIONS CONTACT TITA, X3524 DINNER SERVED AT 7 P.M. HTTP://WWW.FNAL.GOV/FAW/EVENTS/MENUS.HTML $23/PERSON

LUNCH DINNER LUNCH DINNER WEDNESDAY, JUNE 18 THURSDAY, JUNE 19 WEDNESDAY, JUNE 25 THURSDAY, JUNE 26 Shish kebabs with Pita Vol-au-Vents with Catfish Fillets with Smoked Salmon Platter Garlic Tahini mushrooms Duxelle VeraCruz Sauce Butter flied Leg of Lamb Rice Pilaf Roasted Red Snapper with Black Beans and Rice Stuffed Tomatoes Baklava Tomato Chili Sauce Banana Chocolate Spring Rolls Steamed Green Beans Vegetable of the Season Chocolate Hazelnut Cake Apricot Pecan Cake

FERMILAB F N E E R W M S I AU.S. DEPARTMENT OF E NERGY L ABORATORY Ferminews is published by The deadline for the Friday, June 27, Fermilab is operated by Universities Fermilab’s Office of Public Affairs. 2003 issue is Tuesday, June 17, 2003. Research Association, Inc., under Phone: 630-840-3351 Please send classified ads and story ideas contract with the U.S. Department Design and Illustration: by mail to the Public Affairs Office, MS 206, of Energy. Performance Graphics Fermilab, P.O. Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510, Photography: or by e-mail to [email protected]. Fermilab’s Visual Media Services Letters from readers are welcome. Ferminews Archive at: Please include your name and daytime http://www.fnal.gov/pub/ferminews/ phone number.

FERMINEWS Friday, June 13, 2003 15 Drop-in bedliner for short bed Chevy S10 pickup. FURNITURE REFINISHING CLASSIFIEDS Like new condition. Came out of a 2001 model AND RESTORATION. FOR SALE but will fit multiple years, $150. Contact Mike Pick-up and delivery service available. ’00 Toyota Corolla, 57K miles, AC, cruise control, 630-840-4663 or 630-513-7939. Please call 630-554-3853. power steering, good condition. $7,500 o.b.o. Bear Cat Chipper/shredder, model 70080, CONDO FOR SALE: Contact 630-840-6651 or [email protected] 8 horse power Briggs & Stratton Engine. 4250 N. Marine Dr., Chicago, 1 Bedroom. ’95 Dodge Intrepid sedan, black, 3.3L V6, New $900+, rarely used, excellent condition, $350 o.b.o. Contact 630-859-3789 or 630-840-6633. Penthouse view of Lake Michigan and North shore. 166K miles, automatic, power window, power seats, Everything new; Kitchen cabinets, appliances, power lock, AM/FM/cass. Runs great, good body 100A SquareD Breaker Box, with full compliment flooring, carpeting, bathroom fixtures, sinks and and interior. $1,800. Contact Sali at 630-840-3734. of breakers (including one double-pole). Perfect faucets, custom blinds, paint. Full service bldg.; ’94 Chrysler Concorde 3.5L AC, cruise control, sub-panel for garage or shed. Separate disconnect 24hr. doorman, pool, supermarket, cleaners, new moon roof, radio and all mod-cons. Runs very well box included. Contact 630-840-6571 for picture, $50. fitness center, coin laundry, 24hr. valet or reserved and is a very comfortable car in good condition. Spare Washer/Dryer due to relocation. inside parking. Monthly assessment includes; all Asking price $3,300 o.b.o. Contact Kenmor, about 4 years new. White, automatic. utilities, security, doorman, TV/cable, commons [email protected]. Super capacity 5-cycle washer. Super sized insurance. Just reduced to 199,000. ’91 Honda Civic DX 2-door hatchback, blue, electric dryer (no gas line needed). Asking Contact 630-406-5812. 143K miles, automatic, AM/FM cassette, almost $150/each o.b.o. Contact 630-961-6574. new battery, radiator, exhaust & 2 tires. Passed Blue sleeper-sofa; very good condition, $140; HOUSE FOR SALE emission test in Dec. 2002, runs strong. $1,200 8 Rm. 4 Br. 2625 Sq.Ft. Less than4 mi. o.b.o. Contact Dehong 630-840-8746 or Blue wingback recliner, $60; Contact Maury Goodman 630-393-2431. from Fermilab. Contact Larry 630-840-4386 or [email protected] [email protected] ’91 Volkswagen Corrado G60, 72K miles, Waterbed, king size, honey pine color, bookcase excellent condition, loaded. Too many items headboard, motionless mattress, safety liner, BIBLE EXPLORATION FOR LUNCH to list. $7,000 o.b.o. Contact Steve Carrigan at heater, padded rails, $150. Contact Ron at Would you like to be a happier person? 630-840-8879 or [email protected] . 630-840-8864 or 630-466-1823 eves. Interested in what the Bible has to say about happiness? Want to explore this on your own ’85 Chevy Celebrity, 7 passenger wagon, WANTED: 6 cyl., only 97K miles, auto, AM/FM, excellent terms, devoid of outside pressure or obligation? condition. $1,000 o.b.o. Contact Jiyong Zhao An old 3-speed bicycle (with old-fashioned Then join us noon - 12:35 p.m. every Wednesday 630-961-9428 or Meiqin Xiao 630-840-6765. handlebars), either gender, in any condition. in the Small Dining Room of Wilson Hall ’80 Honda CB750 motorcycle with packs, Contact Henry at 773-702-7479, or [email protected]. (WH-1SW). The current study is entitled ‘Journey windshield, trunk, only 15K miles. KB Book into Happiness’ and no preparation is necessary. value $1,100, asking $700, as is. Contact Info at 630-840-3607 or [email protected]. 630-803-0801 to see.

DEDICATED MILESTONES On May 16, 2003: Andy’s Pond, named for RETIRING Andy Mravca (1933-2002), who served more than Jimmy Elemeier, PPD –Mechanical Dept., 20 years as DOE Fermi Area Manager, and who retired May 15, 2003. was also instrumental in working with founding director Robert Wilson in the construction of the laboratory. Mravca’s family gathered for the dedication ceremony.

CORRECTION The FERMINEWS photo story “A Gallery of Calling All Fermilab Technicians! Skills”(vol. 26, no. 9, May 23, 2003) mistakenly listed Donna Lamore as For a group photo to appear in a special All-Technicians Issue of the only contributor for “Andy’s Quilt.” In fact, FERMINEWS, technicians from all divisions and sections are invited Lamore was one of to gather at the front entrance of Wilson Hall at 11 a.m. on Wednesday, six contributors, along with Sheila Cisko, June 18. Representatives of Fermilab Visual Media Services will Joann Larson, Amber coordinate the photo. The group photo will include all those employees Boehnlein, Linda Bagby in the categories of Technicians, Technical Specialists and Operations and Liz Buckley-Geer. FERMINEWS regrets Specialists, as well as those who might have different job descriptions the error. but consider themselves technicians. Thanks for your help!

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