OUTLINE

• What is Acrylonitrile (ACN)? ACRYLONITRILE • Why is ACN Important? Issues Surrounding ACN Data A Briefing on the Compound • and Issues Surrounding It ƒ Monitoring ƒ Sources • Next Steps

What is ACN? What is ACN?

ACRYLONITRILE CHEMICAL FORMULA CHARACTERISTICS • Man-made synthetic chemical: no natural sources • In pure form, polymerizes spontaneously and violently in the presence of sunlight • Half-life of approx. 50 hrs in ambient air • Reacts with hydroxyl radicals and oxygen

OUTLINE Why is ACN Important?

RISK FROM ACRYLONITRILE • What is Acrylonitrile (ACN)? • 2004 statewide annual average was 0.48 • Why is ACN Important? ppb, a risk of 300 in a million • Issues Surrounding ACN Data • 2004 South Coast annual average was ƒ Monitoring 0.52 ppb, a risk of 320 in a million ƒ Sources • Risk from diesel pm is estimated at 300 – Next Steps • 650 in a million • Risk from benzene and butadiene together is 83 in a million

1 Why is ACN Important? Why is ACN Important?

Heath Risks Associated with Acrylonitrile, Benzene, 1,3-Butadiene, and Formaldehyde (Based on Data Collected from 7/2003 to 12/2005) 600 2004 South Coast Average Risk

700 500

600 illion)

400

500

300 400

Series1 200 300 AN risk at LOD (0.3 ppb) per million risk million per Health Risk (excess cancer cases/m

100 200

0 100 Chico Azusa Fresno Mexicali Rosarito Burbank Fremont El Cajon El Calexico Stockton Roseville Riverside San Jose Simi Valley Simi Bakersfield Chula Vista Chula 0 Los Angeles San Francisco Site Name Diesel Acrylo Butadiene Benzene Perc North Long Beach

Acrylonitrile 1,3-Butadiene Benzene Formaldehyde AN risk at LOD

Issues Surrounding ACN Data: OUTLINE Monitoring BACKGROUND What is Acrylonitrile (ACN)? • • Started in July, 2003, MLD SOP066 • Why is ACN Important? • Samples in canisters collected over 24 hrs • Issues Surrounding ACN Data 1-in-12 days in regular TAC network using ƒ Monitoring regular samplers in place (not cleaned) ƒ Sources • Analyzed by preconcentration GC/MS • Next Steps • NIST calibration standard used • Lab results confirmed independently by Dr. Rasmussen

Issues Surrounding ACN Data: Issues Surrounding ACN Data: Monitoring Monitoring

DATA ANALYSIS • Maximum concentrations found in the summer • Maximum concentrations found during the periods of highest temperature • No correlation with auto exhaust pollutants • Concentrations in 12 other states found to be greater than in California

2 Issues Surrounding ACN Data: Issues Surrounding ACN Data: Monitoring Monitoring SAMPLING ISSUES ARE THE DATA REAL? • Parallel monitoring by ARB and SCAQMD • Nist standard used, lab cross-checks at LA N Main in Fall of 2006 confirm can concentrations, stable in cans • Samples collected by ARB contained • Numerous sources identified detectable concentrations of acrylonitrile • Sampler checks show no generation • Samples collected by SCAAQMD contained • TTP audits show losses in SCAQMD no detectable acrylonitrile samplers • Possibilities: ARB sampler creating • Past experience with canisters show losses acrylonitrile or SC sampler destroying it unless active sites are passivated

Issues Surrounding ACN Data: OUTLINE Monitoring RESOLUTION OF DIFFERENCE • What is Acrylonitrile (ACN)? • Investigations narrowed the differences to • Why is ACN Important? the samplers used by SCAQMD and ARB • Issues Surrounding ACN Data • Samplers are identical, except that the ƒ Monitoring ARB samplers have been the field for over ƒ Sources 15 years, whereas SCAQMD samplers are • Next Steps cleaned prior to each use • TTP audits show ACN losses with SCAQMD samplers

Issues Surrounding ACN Data: Issues Surrounding ACN Data: Sources Sources • Emission inventory contains little GRAB SAMPLING information on emissions • Grab samples taken in three Sacramento • No acrylonitrile manufacturing use in CA homes: <0.3, 0.6, <0.3 ppb • Acrylonitrile used in a wide variety of • Grab sample taken in cab of truck on car polymers, paints, adhesives, and fibers lot: 6 ppb • Auto parts • Grab sample taken in private garage: 11 • Polymer extruding operations? ppb • It really is there

3 Issues Surrounding ACN Data: Issues Surrounding ACN Data: Sources Sources FLUX CHAMBER EMISSIONS OTHER PUBLISHED WORK • ABS Polymer 4.4 ug/gm • N Gloves 1.5 ug/gm Sampling and Analysis of Volatile Organic • ABS Pipe 11 ug/gm • Carpet 0.3 ug/gm Compounds Evolved During Thermal • ABS Plate 5 ug/gm • Sheet Vinyl 0.3 ug/gm Processing of ABS Composite Resins. • Acrylic glue 47 ug/gm • Ceramic Glue 0.2 ug/gm Cantos, et. al., JAWMA, 45, 686-694. • Latex Paint 0.4 ug/gm • Fingernail Polish 12 ug/gm Acrylonitrile Source Concentration ug/gm • Enamel Paint 1.2 ug/gm Auto Parts 5.74 Pipe 9.75 Refrigeration 10.4

OUTLINE NEXT STEPS

• What is Acrylonitrile (ACN)? • New samplers are to be challenged with • Why is ACN Important? acrylonitrile to determine the extent of • Issues Surrounding ACN Data passivation required ƒ Monitoring • The acrylonitrile working group should be ƒ Sources re-activated and efforts to determine sources of acrylonitrile be continued • Next Steps • Other groups nationally (NATTS) should be advised

4