Cultural Policy in Ukraine National Report
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STEERING COMMITTEE FOR CULTURE CDCULT(2007)14 23 April 2007 6th Plenary Session Strasbourg, 9 – 11 May 2007 European Programme of Cultural Policy Reviews – Cultural Policy in Ukraine National Report Item 7.1. of the draft agenda CDCULT(2007)14 Prepared by a task force of the Ukrainian Centre for Cultural Studies of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism of Ukraine as a part of Ukraine’s participation in the European programme of national cultural policy reviews. Task force leader: Oleksandr Hrytsenko, Dir., Ukrainian Centre for Cultural Studies Kyiv, 2007 2 CDCULT(2007)14 Table of contents Chapter 1. Introduction and general information about Ukraine.......................... 5 1.1. Geographic situation, state administration system ...................................................5 1.2. Economy...................................................................................................................5 1.3. History......................................................................................................................5 1.4. Ethno-linguistic characteristics of contemporary Ukraine.........................................9 1.5. Religious situation in Ukraine .................................................................................12 1.6. Brief review of historical development of Ukrainian culture and cultural policy in Ukraine...................................................................................................................12 Chapter 2. Aspects of cultural policy..................................................................... 17 2.1. Goals, principles, priority tasks of public cultural policy..........................................17 2.2. Cultural administration and public cultural infrastructure........................................19 2.3. Culture-related legislation.......................................................................................21 2.3.1.Legal foundations for budget subsidies to culture..............................................22 2.3.2.Regulations on earned income and state-guaranteed cultural services.............23 2.3.3.Taxation in cultural sector...................................................................................24 2.3.4.Legal framework for artists.................................................................................24 2.3.5.Legislation for cultural industries........................................................................24 2.3.6.Copyright regulations..........................................................................................25 2.3.7.NGOs and charities in culture.............................................................................26 2.4. Financing of Culture...............................................................................................27 2.4.1.Direct Public Funding of Culture .........................................................................27 2.4.2.Funding cultural development through targeted programmes............................30 2.4.3.Funding from regional and local budgets............................................................32 2.4.4.Earned income and donations ............................................................................34 Chapter 3. Support to Artistic Creativity................................................................ 37 3.1. Literature................................................................................................................38 3.2. Fine Arts.................................................................................................................39 3.3. Performing Arts (Theatre, Music etc)......................................................................40 3.3.1.Theatre...............................................................................................................40 3.3.2.Music ..................................................................................................................42 3.4. Cultural and Artistic Education ...............................................................................44 Chapter 4. Historic and cultural heritage............................................................... 47 4.1. Immovable heritage: monuments, memorial sites ..................................................47 4.1.1.Administration.....................................................................................................48 4.1.2.Financing............................................................................................................50 4.1.3.Legislation...........................................................................................................50 4.1.4.Co-operation with NGOs in heritage protection ..................................................51 4.2. Museums................................................................................................................52 4.3. Libraries..................................................................................................................52 4.4. Traditional Folk Arts................................................................................................56 4.5. Minority Cultures.....................................................................................................57 Chapter 5. Cultural Industries................................................................................. 59 5.1. Book Publishing......................................................................................................60 5.2. Film Industry ...........................................................................................................64 5.3. Music Industry ........................................................................................................67 5.4. Television ...............................................................................................................68 5.5. Radio......................................................................................................................72 5.6. Advertising..............................................................................................................74 3 CDCULT(2007)14 5.7. The Internet ............................................................................................................75 5.8. Fashion design .......................................................................................................77 5.9. Tourist industry .......................................................................................................78 Chapter 6. Participation in Culture......................................................................... 82 6.1. Changes in cultural practices of contemporary Ukrainians.....................................82 6.2. The grass-root level network of public cultural institutions .....................................87 Chapter 7. International cultural cooperation....................................................... 93 7.1. Bilateral cultural cooperation..................................................................................94 7.2. Co-operation with international organisations.........................................................95 7.3. Integration into world cultural space .......................................................................95 7.4. Cultural contacts with Ukrainian diaspora...............................................................96 Conclusions .............................................................................................................. 98 Ideological (value) transformation ......................................................................................99 Symbolic changes ..............................................................................................................99 Institutional changes...........................................................................................................99 Transformation of cultural practices.................................................................................100 APPENDIX Road map for the cultural development of the Ukrainian Society .................... 105 4 CDCULT(2007)14 Chapter 1. Introduction and general information about Ukraine 1.1. Geographic situation, state administration system Ukraine, located in south-eastern Europe, is the second largest European country after Russia. Its territory is 603,700 sqare km and its population 47.5 million (2004). The country is bordered by Belarus on the North, Russia on the East, the Black Sea on the South, and Hungary, Slovakia, Poland, Moldova and Romania on the West. The capital is Kyiv (also known as Kiev) with a population of 2.5 million Other cities with a population over 1 million are: Kharkiv, Odesa, Donetsk, Dnipropetrovsk. The ofifcial language is Ukrainian, Russian is at least as commonly spoken. Ukraine is a parliamentary-presidential republic with a one-chamber Parliament (Verchovna Rada). Viktor Yushchenko, elected in December 2004, is Ukraine’s third President, after Leonid Kravchuk (1991-1994) and Leonid Kuchma (two terms, 1994-2004). Administratively, Ukraine consists of 27 regions (24 Oblasts, the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, and two cities with regional status, Kyiv and Sevastopol). The autonomous Crimea has a Parliament and a Council of Ministers of its own, responsible for its internal policies. (For further reference, see also http://www.britannica.com/ebc/art?id=65294&type=A ) 1.2. Economy In the past, Ukraine was known as Europe’s (or the