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Download Article (PDF) Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 471 Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Architecture: Heritage, Traditions and Innovations (AHTI 2020) Research on Protection and Restoration of Heritage Buildings Based on Heritage Building Information Model (HBIM) Technology and Its Application Lu Zhang1,* 1School of Civil Engineering, Liming Vocational University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, China *Corresponding author. Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT In this paper, a heritage building information model (HBIM) is constructed through multi-dimensional data of cultural heritage buildings such as literature data, picture data, and 3D scanning, and through point cloud data processing and Revit software. The parametric component library of cultural relic buildings extracted from the model can be used for the restoration research of cultural relic buildings. The feasibility of HBIM technology was proved by a case of protection and restoration of heritage building. Through the multi-dimensional data collaborative platform under HBIM technology, it provides a reference for the digital retention, systematic expression and scientific management of cultural relic buildings, and develops new technologies and material means for the protection, repair, inheritance and creation of cultural relic buildings, which can realize the multi-party collaborative management of the informationization of the full life circle of cultural relics. Keywords: heritage building information model (HBIM), point cloud data, protection, restoration, full life circle combined with 3D scanning, 3D printing, GIS, VR and I. INTRODUCTION other technologies, [4-10] to realize a data resource The constant emphasis on the protection of cultural platform that meets the information display, relics by countries around the world has led to a sharp management and monitoring of cultural relic buildings. increase in the number of cultural relics protection units [11] Through the multi-dimensional data collaboration announced by various countries. By the end of 2019, platform, new technology and material means have China had announced a total of 8,058 national key been created for the protection, repair, inheritance and cultural relics protection units in total, including 3,112 development of heritage buildings. [12] The units of historical and cultural buildings, accounting for 61.5% protection, management, planning, design and of the total. [1] With the increase in the number of construction of cultural relic buildings can acquire the cultural relic buildings, the requirements for basic data dynamic data of cultural relic buildings in time through collection, technical protection and restoration of this platform, which can be used as the basis for daily cultural relic buildings have also increased accordingly. management, protection and restoration. Building Information Modeling, or BIM for short, is a digital model that integrates all the physical and II. CONSTRUCTION OF MULTIDIMENSIONAL functional characteristics of a building during its full HERITAGE BUILDING MODEL BASED ON HBIM life circle [2]. Heritage Building Information Modelling TECHNOLOGY (HBIM), an interactive parameter object based on survey data of documents and images, constitutes an The multi-dimensional cultural relic building model information model representing cultural heritage based on HBIM technology is based on literature building elements. It is a new technical means for the research, combined with point cloud data obtained from protection and management of heritage buildings. [3] 3D scanning, and supplemented with local surveying With the continuous development of information and mapping data. Using BIM technology related technology, building information models can be software, it is to build a shared data platform of cultural relics and building information models including *Fund: 2017 Quanzhou High-level Talent Innovation and existing building entities and historical data ("Fig. 1"). Entrepreneurship Project (Project No.: 2017Z026) Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Published by Atlantis Press SARL. This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC 4.0 license -http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/. 239 Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 471 Survey data Heritage Building Point cloud data Information Model Surveying and Mapping data Fig. 1. Construction of a heritage building information model (HBIM). relevant historical documents, including data of text A. Survey data information and picture information ("Fig. 2"). The survey data of cultural relic buildings mainly refer to the data obtained through the research of Fig. 2. Survey data content. 1) Text information: Each heritage building is a development. Historical literature data mainly includes unique calendar carrier. By studying the style, structure, the basic information and cultural background of materials, technology, and evolution process of heritage heritage buildings ("Fig. 2"). buildings, it can in turn verify or make up for the The basic information includes the survey of the content of the history of architecture, art, and social building and architectural condition investigation; the 240 Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 471 survey of the building includes the text description of a scientific comparison basis, it can most clearly and the building type, such as the location, type, and design intuitively reflect any changes in the building; pictures status of the heritage buildings, and the construction can be used as basic information for reference at design time (such as initial construction, expansion, and time, such as facade compilation, interior compilation, reconstruction); architectural condition investigation door and window compilation, component compilation, refers to the historical records of architectural styles, planes, facades, structural systems, interior decoration etc.; by comparing the pictures before and after, it can and component styles. ("Fig. 2"). discover the changes in the damage status of the building, to understand the original state of the heritage Heritage buildings are not only technical and buildings, and avoid damage to the building during the artistic, but also have rich social characteristics as a repair process. The picture can capture the moment of product closely related to people; therefore, to the object, can restore a lot of details, high information investigate the history of architecture, it is necessary to investigate its social and cultural background, to density, and good integrity. Therefore, it can enrich the understand the social background of heritage building survey data ("Fig. 2"). construction, regional customs and other written B. Construction route of HBIM based on point cloud records ("Fig. 2"). data 2) Picture information: The picture information The point cloud data is mainly obtained by 3D laser refers to the collection of picture records of the scanning. Multi-site scanning can be performed on the historical stages of the building, including pictures in inside and outside of cultural relic buildings. The the literature and real-life photos of cultural relic scanned data must undergo data noise reduction buildings found in each year; picture records of cultural processing to obtain a complete point cloud data model for heritage buildings [13-17] ("Fig. 3"); relic building status is one of the forms of survey data and cannot be replaced by text. The picture can provide BIM model effect 3D laser point cloud Blue print of the scan to restore the ancient building ancient building BIM model interior effect Fig. 3. Overall model of heritage building based on point cloud data. Through related data processing software, it can Then it is to extract components from the model, build a 3D model of a heritage building based on point build component libraries such as platform cloud data. The specific steps are as follows: foundations, columns, beams, square-columns, joists, purlins, walls, doors, windows, and roofs, Point cloud data is imported into Revit software and combine survey data to add material and to create 3D models; attribute information to the component library [18]; 241 Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 471 Next, it is to survey and map the decorative lines Ruiguang Tower Restoration Project in Anhai Town, and patterns of heritage buildings on the spot, Jinjiang City, Fujian Province, China is a case of and combine historical data, literature and social heritage building protection and restoration based on and cultural background and other survey data to HBIM technology. build a decorative pattern library of heritage buildings. A. Survey data The surveying and mapping data is According to literature records: the original east and supplemented to realize the optimized model west temples in the south of Anhai Township had their and achieve a good matching level between the own towers, and the east tower has collapsed 298 years model and the real object. ago; the west tower, named "Ruiguang Tower", was renamed "Wenming Tower ", commonly known as The 3D laser scanner can quickly obtain complete, "White Pagoda", and there was a saying in the ancient high-precision point cloud data; no direct contact with that "白塔点灯，金榜题名 (When people have seen the the observation target is required, which avoids White Pagoda lights up, he would succeed in the secondary damage to historical relics; the 3D model government examination)", which
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