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Gap Analysis of B.Ce9s Protected Areas by Biogeoclimatic And

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Gap Analysis of B.Ce9s Protected Areas by Biogeoclimatic And Gap Analysis of B.Ce9sProtected Areas by Biogeoclimatic and Ecoregion Units Compiled and Edited by: Kaaren Lewis1 and Andy MacKimon2 'B.C. Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks Parks Division 2nd Floor, 800 Johnson Victoria, B.C. V8V 1x4 'B.C. Ministry of Forests Research Branch 3 1 Bastion Square Victoria, B.C. V8W 3E7 August 1992 634,90972 1 /BCMF EES/1992iM I,..ii..WIS, J.:~+AAlaEN QAP ANAL.,.YSI S [:)C:" B, I:::. * S ~'~~j"~~,i:-~li_~:!AI:ZI,AS B%.{ CF'Nl3 c. h.- ma Mair1. Table of Contents Introduction Purpose Units of Analysis Data Sources Sources of Error List of Ecoprovinces, Ecoregions and Ecosections of B. C. Ecosection Descriptions and Protected Area Gap Analyses by Ecosection Appendix 1: Ecological Classification Systems: a Framework for Representation of B. C. 's Ecosystems. Appendix 2: The Biogeoclimatic Ecosystem Classification !~>@\P4if- \I System (Excerpted from Ecosystems of B. C. ; ~lE\?li;TR'i T[)RESTS Meidinger and Pojar, 1991). 145~r; .!LENTST. !$\[; :,:<)A, 3,c. Appendix 3: Synopsis of the Ecoregion Classification System \lf3\1?' 3E7 of British Columbia. Introduction Purpose This document has two purposes: @ to collate and present all protected area information and gap analysis work available/completed to date; and to present the above information by biogeoclimatic units within ecosections, as the emerging common component of system planning frameworks for all protected area designations in B. C. This is a draft document. It has received technical review from some scientists in Victoria, but probably still contains numerous small inaccuracies. The next step is intended to be a review at the Regional and District levels, to provide more detailed local information. Units of Analysk British Columbia has approximately 6.5% of its landbase in some sort of 'protected' status. The degree of 'protection' depends in large part on the nature of the protected area designation - national parks, provincial parks (class A and C), ecological reserves, wilderness conservancies, recreation areas, forest wilderness areas, wildlife management areas - and the management objectives. Still, it's not enough to say that 6.5% of the province is protected, or for that matter that we want 12% (or whatever) protected. A responsible strategy must ensure two things: a) that the amount protected be chosen to address clearly defined objectives - any arbitrarily chosen number will unlikely be the correct one for any particular purpose; and b) that the protected areas represent the various landscapes and ecosystems of our province. This document doesn't deal with objective "a)" above, which will be addressed by the provincial protected areas strategy. In other words, it doesn't deal with what we need, it deals with what we've got (and, to a lesser extent, what options remain). The intent is to address objective "b)" above. Protected areas have been analysed by different administrative (forest regions and districts, parks regions and districts, environment regions, regional districts) and ecological (biogeoclimatic, ecoregion, parks landscapes [to some extent]) units by various government agencies and NGO's. A first step in any analysis is to select the units by which protected areas will be analysed. Administrative units are clearly insufficient boundaries within which to evaluate "representativeness"; ecological units must be the units of analysis. This has two large disadvantages: most existing inventory information has been gathered by administrative units; and any recommendations coming from an analysis by ecological units will have to be reworked so that they can be implemented within administrative boundaries. So which ecological units are appropriate to form our analytical framework? Various organizations use different units (and combinations of units) in their analyses: "natural regions" for national parks, parks landscapes for provincial parks, ecoregion and biogeoclimatic units for ecological reserves and wilderness areas. "Natural regions" are too broad to account for B. C. 's ecological diversity. "Parks landscapes" are composite social- ecological units, and so not ideal. Recent initiatives evaluating the various options (e.g. old-growth project, ecological reserves systems planning) have arrived at a combination of ecoregions/ecosections (to divide the province up into geographic chunks) and biogeoclimatic and site units (to describe the climatic and ecological variation within ecosections). This is the organizational framework used here. (A lengthier discussion of the relative merits of the various ecological classification systems is provided in Appendix 1). Data Sources This document organizes and interprets information from other (largely unpublished) reports. There is no original idomation presented here. Some of the information is rated as having a "high reliability"; other sources are presented with less confidence. This is intended to remain a 'working document' for the foreseeable future, with sections being updated as more reliable information becomes available. For example, the numbers generated by Eng for Vancouver Island (see below) have replaced those from other studies because they were judged to be of greater reliability and precision. Many different databases were consulted in compiling the information presented here. The list of protected areas within each ecosection, for example, includes information from at least a dozen sources, including unpublished Recreation Branch reports, B.C. Parks' maps, and a report from the group developing a provincial' gene conservation strategy. The primary sources of information used in the body of this document are as follows: Clark, R. (1991). GIs and the 1J Provincial Basemap: Standards and Analysis. ' University of Victoria, Dept. of Geography, Work Term Report for the Wildlife Branch, Ministry of Environment. Unpublished Report. This report provides total area of digitized ecoregion units and the area of parks and recreation areas within ecoregion units for the entire province. Calculations are based on general GIs analysis of several overlays on an IJ, 1:2,000,Oa) provincial map. A lower limit of 5,000 ha was chosen for digitizing protected area boundaries at this scale. Eng, M. 1992. Vancouver Island Gap Analysis. B.C. Ministry of Forests, Research Branch, Victoria, B. C . (unpublished report) Inventory Branch's intevreted satellite imagery for Vancouver Island (mature, immature, developed, etc.) is analysed by various combinations of biogeoclimatic units, ecoregion units, parks landscapes, and tenure. Jones, T. (1990-91). Cariboo-Chilcotin Basin; Protected Areas in Mid- and North-Coastal B.C. ; Protected Areas in Northern B.C. ; Protected Areas in the Central and Southern Interior of B. C. ; and others. Unpublished reports, Vancouver, B. C. Protected areas larger than 1,000 hectares are analysed by biogeoclimatic and ecoregion units for various ecoprovinces and ecoregions. Tables list total protected (and partially protected) areas by ecological units, and in some reports evaluate protected area proposals from the Valhalla Society. Ministry of Forests. 1992. An Inventory of Undeveloped Watersheds in British Columbia. Recreation Branch Technical Report, Victoria, B. C. This is ".. a province-wide inventory of watersheds 5,000 hectares in size or larger. The inventory was conducted using a variety of information sources including previous inventories, existing maps, and local knowledge of Forest Service Region and District sta8 " There is an accompanying l:2,000,aX) map, showing location and boundaries of undeveloped watersheds. Moore, K. 1991. An Inventory of Watersheds in the Coastal Temperate Forests of British Columbia. Earthlife Canada Foundation and Ecotrust/Conservation International, Vancouver, B.C. 172is report looks at primary watersheds 5,000 hectares in size or larger in the coastal temperate forest of B. C. Watersheds are classed as either pristine, modiJied or developed; biogeoclimatic zone and ecoregion are noted; areas are measured; and protected areas are listed. Roemer, H.L. 1988. Areas of old-growth forest (age class 8 and older) in ecological reserves. Unpublished data, B. C. Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks, Parks Division. All ecological reserves with areas of old growth forest are identzfied; total ha of reserve and old growth ha in height class 3 + and 4+ area provided. Roemer, H.L. and S. Herron. 1992. Analysis of biogeoclimatic subzone and variant representation within existing protecting areas for most of the southern and central ecosections of B.C. Unpublished data, B.C. Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks, Parks Division. All existing protected areas - including provincial parks, recreation areas and national parks > 250 ha, ecological reserves > 50 ha, all 4 wilderness areas and all 11 wildlife management areas - were "hand" mapped onto 1:250,000 NTS maps and overlayed with biogeoclimatic units and ecosection units at the same scale. For each protected area, the area (in ha's) of each biogeoclimatic subzone and variant by ecosection was calculated using a planimeter and/or a grid. Roemer, H.L., J. Pojar and K. Joy. 1988. Protected old-growth forests in coastal British Columbia. Natural Areas Journal 8(3): 146-159. This paper provides an account of the old-growth forests in national parks, provincial parks and provincial ecological reserves for coastal British Columbia. Data such as the area covered by old growth and the forest cover types represented in the major protected areas is provided. Vold, T. 1992. The status
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