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Évaluation Préliminaire Des Impacts Environnementaux Et Sociaux – Projet Hydroélectrique Onimiki

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Évaluation Préliminaire Des Impacts Environnementaux Et Sociaux – Projet Hydroélectrique Onimiki Évaluation préliminaire des impacts environnementaux et sociaux – Projet hydroélectrique Onimiki RAPPORT FINAL – VERSION RÉVISÉE AOÛT 2018 0 Évaluation préliminaire des impacts environnementaux et sociaux – Projet hydroélectrique Onimiki Rapport Final – Version révisée août 2018 ÉQUIPE DE RÉALISATION Révision août 2018 Camilla Arbour, M.Sc. Candidate Chargée de projets (OBVT) Marilou Girard Thomas, Géographe M.Sc. Directrice générale (OBVT) Rédaction Pierre Rivard, ing. PhD Directeur général (OBVT) Camilla Arbour, M.Sc. Candidate Chargée de projets (OBVT) Design graphique Ruth Pelletier Organisme de bassin versant du Témiscamingue (OBVT), 2017, Évaluation préliminaire des impacts environnementaux et sociaux – Projet hydroélectrique Onimiki Rapport Final – Version révisée août 2018, 87 pages. 1 Table des matières Liste des figures ............................................................................................................................ 5 Liste des tableaux ......................................................................................................................... 6 Lexique et définitions importantes ............................................................................................ 7 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 9 1.1 Mandat de l’OBVT ...................................................................................................... 10 1.2 Mise en garde .............................................................................................................. 12 2 Informations sur le projet hydroélectrique Onimiki ..................................................... 13 2.1 Historique du développement hydroélectrique ..................................................... 13 2.2 Une occasion de projet communautaire .................................................................. 13 2.3 Les objectifs liés au projet Onimiki .......................................................................... 14 2.4 Identification et localisation des infrastructures sur le territoire ......................... 14 2.4.1 Inventaire et vocation des barrages ................................................................. 14 2.5 Description des infrastructures du projet Onimiki ................................................ 19 2.5.1 Historique ............................................................................................................ 19 2.5.2 Description des infrastructures à aménager ................................................... 21 3 Localisation et description des milieux ........................................................................... 21 3.1 Population ................................................................................................................... 21 3.2 Utilisation du territoire .............................................................................................. 24 3.2.1 Lac Kipawa .......................................................................................................... 24 3.2.2 Ruisseau Gordon et autres lacs ......................................................................... 24 3.2.3 Lac Témiscamingue ............................................................................................ 24 3.2.4 Le parc national d’Opémican ............................................................................ 25 3.2.5 Infrastructures publiques existantes ................................................................ 25 3.2.6 Services et entreprises liés au tourisme ........................................................... 26 3.2.7 Fréquentation ...................................................................................................... 27 3.3 Les milieux naturels ................................................................................................... 28 3.3.1 Le bief intermédiaire, le ruisseau Gordon ....................................................... 28 3.3.2 La faune aquatique du ruisseau Gordon ......................................................... 29 2 3.3.3 Le bief amont, lac Kipawa ................................................................................. 30 3.3.4 Les espèces floristiques ...................................................................................... 32 3.3.5 Le bief aval, lac Témiscamingue ....................................................................... 32 3.4 Informations sur l’hydrodynamique des plans d’eau ........................................... 34 4 Impacts environnementaux .............................................................................................. 36 4.1 Revue de littérature .................................................................................................... 36 4.1.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 36 4.1.2 Principales observations tirées de la revue de littérature ............................. 36 4.1.3 Effets sur le milieu aquatique ........................................................................... 38 4.1.4 Effets sur les invertébrés .................................................................................... 40 4.1.5 Le débit écologique............................................................................................. 45 4.1.6 Le débit esthétique.............................................................................................. 46 4.1.7 Avantages des projets hydroélectriques ......................................................... 46 4.1.8 Désavantage des projets hydroélectriques ...................................................... 47 4.2 L’acceptabilité sociale................................................................................................. 47 4.2.1 Implication communautaire .............................................................................. 55 5 Description du milieu biophysique ................................................................................. 57 5.1 Qualité de l’eau ........................................................................................................... 57 5.1.1 Ruisseau Gordon ................................................................................................ 57 5.1.2 Lac Témiscamingue ............................................................................................ 59 5.1.3 Lac Tee .................................................................................................................. 61 5.1.4 Lac Kipawa .......................................................................................................... 61 5.1.5 En amont du lac Kipawa ................................................................................... 62 5.2 Les niveaux et débits des lacs et rivières ................................................................. 63 5.2.1 Le débit minimum à la rivière Kipawa ............................................................ 64 5.2.2 Le débit minimum au ruisseau Gordon .......................................................... 66 5.3 Les espèces floristiques .............................................................................................. 68 5.4 Le paysage ................................................................................................................... 68 5.5 Le bruit ......................................................................................................................... 69 3 5.6 Pendant la construction ............................................................................................. 70 5.7 Les mesures de mitigations ....................................................................................... 70 5.8 Tenir compte des changements climatiques ........................................................... 72 5.9 Le suivi du projet ........................................................................................................ 72 5.10 Principaux résultats de l’évaluation environnementale préliminaire................. 73 6 Impacts sociaux ................................................................................................................... 76 6.1 Les consultations ........................................................................................................ 76 6.2 Préoccupations ............................................................................................................ 76 6.3 Liste préliminaire des acteurs concernés par le projet Onimiki : ......................... 78 6.4 Les affinités avec le projet de Val-Jalbert au Lac-Saint-Jean ................................. 79 7 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................... 80 Bibliographie ............................................................................................................................... 82 4 Liste des figures Figure 1 : Nombre de barrages présents sur le territoire du bassin versant selon les différents usages – compilation interne (CEHQ, 2017). ........................................................ 16 Figure 2 : Vocation des barrages. ............................................................................................. 18 Figure 3 : Centrales proposées par le projet Onimiki. ........................................................... 20 Figure 4 : Territoire
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