Kosovo
Migration Profile
2013
GOVERNMENTAL AUTHORITY FOR MONITORING OF MIGRATION MOVEMENTS
All rights are reserved. No part of this publication can be reproduced, copied or transmitted in whatever form or with whatever means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,recording,or any other ingathering of the information and correction system(throwback),without the permission of
the rights of the authors-Governmental Authority for Monitoring of Migration Movements- Government of the Republic of Kosovo.
1 MP KOSOVAMP 2013
KOSOVO Migration Profile 2013
Crafted by: Ministry of Internal Affairs Kosovo Police Civil Registry Agency Ministry of Diaspora Ministry for Communities and Returns Ministry of Economic Development Ministry of Education, Science and Technology Ministry of Finance Ministry of Foreign Affairs Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare Ministry of Trade and Industry Ministry of European Integration Kosovo Central Bank Kosovo Agency of Statistics
Supported by: International Organization for Migration United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees European Union Office in Kosovo
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MP KOSOVAMP 2013
CONTENTS
LIST OF TABLES ...... 7 LIST OF GRAPHICS ...... 9 FOREWARD ...... 14 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ...... 14 GENERAL INFORMATION FOR THE STATE ...... 17 PART A: INTRODUCTION ...... 18
A1. GENERAL OVERVIEW ...... 18
A2. BACKGROUND OF MIGRATION IN KOSOVO ...... 21 PART B: ANALYSIS OF THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONTEXT OF MIGRATION ...... 22
B1. THE POPULATION OF KOSOVO ...... 22
B1.1. RESIDENT POPULATION ...... 22
B1.2.POPULATION GROWTH, ETHNIC COMPOSITION AND DENSITY ...... 22
B2. ECONOMY AND ECONOMIC CLIMATE ...... 22
B2.1. ECONOMY ...... 22
B2.2. ESSENTIAL ECONOMIC POLICIES ...... 23
B2.3. MAIN MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS ...... 23
B2.4. THE INVESTMENT CLIMATE ...... 26
B2.5. CAPITAL INVESTMENTS ...... 28
B2.6. FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT ...... 28
B2.7. MIGRANT REMITTANCES (REMITTANCES) ...... 30
B2.8. COMPENSATION OF EMPLOYEES ...... 32
B2.8. INFORMAL ECONOMY ...... 32
B2.9. BUSINESS ...... 33
B3. LABOR MARKET ANALYSIS ...... 40
B3.1. MAIN INDICATORS OF LABOR MARKET...... 40 3
B3.2. ASSESSMENT OF NEEDS AND THE MAIN CHALLENGES FOR EMPLOYMENT AND VOCATIONAL TRAINING 41 MP KOSOVAMP 2013
B3.3.MULTIPLE NEEDS FOR SOCIAL PROTECTION ...... 44
B4. HUMAN CAPITAL ...... 47
B4.1. DEGREE / LEVEL OF EDUCATION ...... 47
B4.2. THE ABILITY TO ACCESS THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM ...... 48
B4.3. ACCESS TO HIGHER EDUCATION ...... 48
B4.5.THE SHORTCOMINGS AND CHALLENGES OF THE EDUCATION SECTOR ...... 49 PART C: ABALYSIS OF MIGRATION SITUATION IN THE COUNTRY / STATE ...... 50
C2.IMMIGRATION ...... 51
C2.1. VISA REGIME ...... 51
C2.2. FOREIGNERS WHO STAY IN KOSOVO AND THE TYPE OF IMMIGRANTS ...... 53
C2.2. FOREIGNERS WHO HAVE ACQUIRED AND HAVE BEEN DENIED CITIZENSHIP OF THE REPUBLIC OF KOSOVO ...... 58
C2.3 IRREGULAR IMMIGRANTS ...... 61
C2.4 ASYLUM AND DETERMINATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION STATUS ...... 82
C3. EMIGRATION ...... 86
C3.1 APPLICATIONS FOR VISAS ...... 86
C3.1 THE TOTAL NUMBER OF EMIGRANTS ...... 88
OF THE TOTAL, IN 2013 LEAD COUNTRIES: GERMANY (39%), SWITZERLAND (13%), AND ITALY (12%). 89
C3.2 CATEGORIES OF EMIGRANTS ...... 89
C3.3 LABOR MIGRANTS...... 90
C3.4 IRREGULAR EMIGRANTS ...... 96
C4. DIASPORA ...... 103
C5. REPATRIATION AND REINTEGRATION OF KOSOVO CITIZENS RETURNED FROM FOREIGN COUNTRIES ...... 107
C5.1. VOLUNTARY AND FORCED READMISSION ...... 107
C5.2. THE REINTEGRATION OF REPATRIATED PERSONS ...... 115
C6. INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS (IDP) AND DISPLACED PERSONS IN THE REGION (DPR) SERBIA, 4
MONTENEGRO, THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA) ...... 119 MP KOSOVAMP 2013
PART D: MIGRATION POLICIES AND PROGRAMS AND THEIR EFFECTIVENESS IN MANAGEMENT OF MIGRATION AND CHALLENGES OF DEVELOPMENT ...... 122
D1. POLICY FRAMEWORK AND LAWS ON MIGRATION IN KOSOVO ...... 122
D1.1. THE POLICY FRAMEWORK ...... 122
D1.2. THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK IN THE FIELD OF MIGRATION ...... 123
D1.3. INTERNATIONAL LEGAL FRAMEWORK IN THE FIELD OF MIGRATION ...... 127
D2. OVERVIEW OF NATIONAL INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK AND STAKEHOLDERS IN THE FIELD OF MIGRATION ...... 130
D2.1. LOCAL INSTITUTIONS IN THE FIELD OF MIGRATION ...... 130
D2.2. ORGANIZATIONS AND CIVIL SOCIETY ACTORS IN THE FIELD OF MIGRATION ...... 131
D3. REGIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION ON MIGRATION ...... 131
D3.1 COOPERATION WITH ORGANIZATIONS AND REGIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL INITIATIVES, AS WELL AS
OTHER INTERNATIONAL ACTORS IN THE FIELD OF MIGRATION ...... 131
D3.2. BILATERAL COOPERATION IN THE FIELD OF MIGRATION ...... 132 PART E: ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF MIGRATION AND MIGRATION POLICY FOR SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ...... 133
E1. THE EFFECTS OF MIGRATION ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE COUNTRY OF ORIZIN . 133
E1.2. IMPACT OF MIGRATION ON TRADE AND INVESTMENT ...... 135
E1.3. THE SOCIAL IMPACT OF MIGRATION ...... 136
E2. EFFECTS OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF MIGRATION POLICIES AND OTHER INTERVENTIONS AIMED AT MIGRATION ...... 136 PART F: CONCLUSIONS ...... 139
F1. THE MAIN MIGRATION RESULTS (FINDINGS) WITH RESPECT TO FUTURE MIGRATION TENDENCIES ...... 140
REGULAR MIGRATION ...... 141
IRREGULAR MIGRATION ...... 141
ASYLUM-SEEKERS IN KOSOVO ...... 141
KOSOVAR ASYLUM-SEEKERS IN EU STATES ...... 141
F2. IMPROVEMENT OF MIGRATION STATISTICS ...... 142 5
F3. RECOMMENDATIONS RELATED TO MIGRATION MANAGING ...... 144 MP KOSOVAMP 2013
ATTACHMENTS ...... 147
I – SOURCES AND THE VARIABLES (VARIABLES) USED FOR DATA COLLECTION ...... 147
THE SOURCES USED FOR DATA COLLETION ...... 147
II –STATISTICAL APPENDIX FOR ADDITIONAL TABLES (EXTRA ) AND FIGURES ...... 148 III – REFERENCES ...... 159
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List of tables TABLE1:INDICATORS , ACCORDING MACROECONOMIC IN YEARS 2009 - 2013 ...... 24
TABLE 2: THE TAX LIABILITIES - 2013 ...... 26
TABLE3: KOSOVO IN LIST OF COUNTRIES MORE REFORMERSIN THE WORLD ...... 28
TABLE4: MIGRANT REMITTANCES – ACCORDING TO CHANNELS (IN MILLIONS OF EUROS, NON-CUMULATIVE STATISTICS), 2006 - 2013 ...... 31
TABELA 5: MIGRANTS REMITANCES BY COUNTRY, IN PERCENTAGE, 2008 - 2013 ...... 31
TABLE 6:TRADE BALANCE FOR GOODS (IN MILLIONS OF EUROS), 2010 - 2013 ...... 33
TABLE7: TRADE GROUPS OF STATES IN THE PERCENTAGE, (2010 – 2013) ...... 34
TABLE8: KEY INDICATORS OF THE LABOR MARKET (%), 2013 ...... 40
TABLE9: THE LABOR MARKET SUMMARY, 2012 - 2013MESHK ...... 40
TABLE10: SOCIAL PROTECTION SYSTEM IN KOSOVO, SCHEMES, NUMBER OF BENEFICIARIES AND EXPENSES, 2012 ...... 44
TABLE11: EDUCATION LEVEL OF THE POPULATION EXPRESSED IN PERCENTAGE, 2011/2012, 2012/2013 AND 2013/2014 ...... 47
TABLE12: PERCENTAGE OF INCLUSION IN EDUCATION SYSTEM BY LEVELS, 2011- 2014 ...... 47
TABLE13: WORK PERMITS BY TYPE, 2013 ...... 57
TABLE14: INTRODUCTION REASONS FOR REFUSAL, 2013 ...... 66
TABLE17:INTERNATIONAL POLICE COOPERATION REGARDING THE INVESTIGATION OF TRAFFICKING WITH PERSONS, EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION, INTERNATIONAL LEGAL ASSISTANCE, 2009 - 2013 ...... 79
TABLE18:SMUGGLING OF MIGRANTS R.KOSOVO2011 – 2013 ...... 79
TABLE19;SMUGGLING OF MIGRANTS, MEN, 2001 – 2013 ...... 80
TABLE20: SMUGGLING OF MIGRANT WOMEN 2011 - 2013 ...... 80
TABLE22: KOSOVO CITIZENS WITH VALID RESIDENCE PERMIT IN MEMBER STATES OF THE
EU STATES AND SCHENGEN AREA, 2011 - 2013 ...... 88
TABLE23: KOSOVO MIGRANTS IN EU COUNTRIES AND SHENGEN SPACE BY REASON OF RESIDENCE, 2013 ...... 90 7
TABLE 28: HOUSEHOLD MONTHLY INCOME REMITTERS ...... 106 MP KOSOVAMP 2013
TABLE29;THE NUMBER OF IDPS AND RDP, 2009 - 2013 ...... 119
TABLE 30:HOUSES BUILT BY MRC AND EXTERNAL ACTORS, 2009-2013 ...... 120
TABLE31:NUMBER OF COLLECTIVE CENTRES UNDER UNHCE, 2013 ...... 121
TABLE 32::ISSUANCE OF PERMITS TO STAY TEMPORARY BY REASON AND COUNTRY, 2013 ...... 148
TABLE33:REFUSAL OF ENTRY BY CITIZENSHIP (10 KEY STATES BY CONTINENT), 2009 – 2013 ...... 149
TABLE34: AND GRAB THE FOREIGNERS STAYING IRREGULAR R. KOSOVO2009 – 2013 ...... 149
TABLE 35:NUMBER OF FOREIGNERS IRASTEVE CAUGHT WITH ILLEGAL RESIDENCE IN KOSOVO PROCEEDED IN COURTS DISMISSAL AND ORDER, 2009 – 2013 ...... 150
TABLE 37: REJECTION OF FOREIGN STATES AND CONTINENTS, 2013 ...... 150
TABLE 38:KOSOVO CITIZENS WHO WERE REFUSED ENTRY AT THE BORDER OR APPREHENDED AT THE BORDER OF EU STATES AND SCHENGEN AREA, 2009-2013 ...... 151
TABLE 39:KOSOVO CITIZENS WHO ARE CAUGHT ILLEGALLY RESIDING WITHIN THE TERRITORY OF THE EU MEMBER STATES AND SCHENGEN AREA, 2011 – 2013 ...... 152
TABLE 40:KOSOVO NATIONALS ILLEGALLY RESIDING IN MEMBER STATES OF THE EU SCHENGEN S AND AFTER RELEASE ORDER FOR DISMISSAL BY STATES AND YEARS, 2011 - 2013 ...... 152
TABLE 41 KOSOVO NATIONALS OF MEMBER STATES AND MULTILATERAL REMOVED FROM THE EU AND THE SCHENGEN AREA BASED ON THE ORDER FOR REMOVAL BY COUNTRY, 2011 - 2013 ...... 153
TABLE 42: READMISSION (FORCE AND VOLUNTARY) BY COUNTRY, 2011-2013 ...... 154
TABLE 43: READMISSION (FORCED AND VOLUNTARY) BY SEX, AGE GROUP, AND KOMUNITETTEVE, 2011-2013 ...... 155
TABLE 44:NDIHMA DHE MBESHTETJA E OFRUAR PER PERSONAT E RIATDHESUAR PER PERFITIM NGA PROGRAMI/FONDI PER RI INTEGRIM SIPAS SKEMAVE, 2011 - 2013 ...... 155
TABLE 45: BUSINESSES DIASPORA, 2012 -2013 ...... 156
TABLE 46: DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR MISSIONS OF KOSOVO, 2009 - 201 ...... 156
TABLE 47: STATES THAT EXEMPT FROM VISA REGIME FOR INTRODUCTION , TRANSIT AND STAY IN THE TERRITORY OF THE REPUBLIC OF KOSOVO UP TO 90 DAY‟S FOR A PERIOD SIX 8
MONTHS FROM THE DATE OF FIRST ENTRY(JULY 2013) ...... 157 MP KOSOVAMP 2013
List of graphics GRAPH 1:GDP GROWTH OF REAL AND CONTIBUTION OF ITS COMPONENTS, 2011 - 2017 ...... 24
GRAPH 2:CREDIT GROWTH ,DEPOSIT AND GDP NOMINAL IN PERCENTAGE 2010 - 2017 ...... 25
GRAPH 3:FOREING INVESTMENT DIRECT IN KOSOVO IN EURO MILLIONS AND AS A PERCENTAGE OF GDP, 2006 - 2013 ...... 29
GRAPH 4: FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT ACCORDING TO THE MAIN ECONOMIC SECTORS, IN PERCENTAGE, 2007 –2013 ...... 29
GRAPH 5:STRUCTURE OF FDI ACCORDINGMAIN STATES , IN PERCENT, 2011 - 2013 ...... 30
GRAPH 6: REMITTANCES AS A SHARE OF GDP AND TRADE BALANCE DEFICIT, 2007 - 2013 ... 31
GRAPH 7: WORKERS COMPENSATION 2007 – 2013 ...... 32
GRAPH 8: TRADE BALANCE FOR GOODS, (IN MILLIONS OF EUROS), 2010 – 2013 ...... 33
GRAPH 9: STATES WITH THE PERCENTAGE THEMOST IN EXPORTS, 2013 ...... 35
GRAPH 10: STATES WITH THE PERCENTAGE THEMOST IN IMPORTS, 2013 ...... 35
GRAPH 11: COMMERCIAL BALANCE OF SERVICES, 2010 - 2013 ...... 36
GRAFPH 12:MICRO,SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES , 2011 - 2013 ...... 37
GRAPH 13: NUMBER OF NEW AND CLOSED BUSINESSES, 2010 - 2013 ...... 37
GRAPH 14: THE NUMBER OF ENTERPRISES BASED ECONOMIC ACTIVITY, 2013...... 38
GRAPH 15: NUMBER OF WORKERS BY INDUSTRY, 2009 - 2013 ...... 39
GRAPH 16: NUMBER OF ENTERPRISES BY INDUSTRY, 2009 - 2013 ...... 39
GRAPH 17: VACANCIES SECTOR FOR 12 MONTHS, 2013 ...... 42
GRAPH 18: EMPLOYMENTS BY SECTOR FOR 12 MONTHS, 2013 ...... 42
GRAPH 19: AVARAGE SALARY, 2012 - 2013 ...... 43
GRAPF20: REQUIREMENTS FOR ENTRY VISA TO KOSOVO, BY STATES, 2013 ...... 52
GRAPH21: NUMBER OF VISAS ISSUED IN PKK, JULY-DECEMBER 2013 ...... 53
GRAPH 22: ISSUANCE OF TEMPORARY RESIDENCE PERMITS BY CATEGORIES, 2011 - 2013 .... 54
GRAPH 23: ISSUANCE OF TEMPORARY RESIDENCE PERMITS, COMPARISON OF 2012 - 2013 ... 54
GRAPH 24: ISSUANCE OF A TEMPORARY RESIDENT PERMITS BY TIME PERIODS, 2013 ...... 55
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GRAPH 25: ISSUANCE OF TEMPORARY RESIDENCE PERMITS BY STATES, 2013 ...... 56
GRAPH 26: IDENTITY CARDS FOR FOREIGNERS ISSUED BY YEAR,2009 - 2013 ...... 57
GRAPH 27: EMPLOYMENT OF FOREIGN NATIONALS IN KOSOVO, BY PERCENTAGES AND STATES, 2013...... 58
GRAPH28: POSITIVE DECISIONS FOR ACQUISITION OF CITIZENSHIP BY GENDER, 2009 - 2013 59
GRAPH 29: POSITIVE DECISIONS FOR PROFIT CITIZENSHIP BY AGE GROUP, 2012 - 2013 ...... 60
GRAPH 30: POSITIVE DECISIONS FOR ACQUISITION OF CITIZENSHIP BY AGE GROUP, 2009 - 2013 ...... 60
GRAPH 31:POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE DECISIONS FOR ACQUISITION OF CITIZENSHIP BY PREVIOUS CITIZENSHIP,2013 ...... 61
GRAPH 32: THE NUMBER OF FOREIGNERS WHO HAVE BEEN REFUSED ENTRY TO THE PKK R.KOSOVO,2009 - 2013 ...... 63
GRAPH 33: REJECTION OF FOREIGNERS IN BCK (ONLY WITH NEIGHBORING COUNTRIES), BY PERCENTAGE, 2013 ...... 63
GRAPH 34: REFUSAL OF ENTRIES FOR EU CITIZENS, 2012- 2013 ...... 64
GRAPH 35: REFUZALS OF ENTRY IN BCK BY CONTINENTS, 2013 ...... 64
GRAPH 36: REFUSAL OF ENTRY BY CITIZENSHIP (10 MAJOR STATES BY CONTINENTS), 2013 64
CHART 37: INTRODUCTION TO THE PKK REFUSAL, TOP 10 COUNTRIES – 2013 ...... 65
GRAPH 38: ENTRY REFUSALS IN BCP, TOP 10 STATES - 2012 ...... 66
GRAPH 39: NUMBER OF INSPECTIONS AND CAPTURES OF THE FOREIGNERS WITH IRREGULAR STAY IN THE REPUBLIC OF KOSOVO, 2009 - 2013 ...... 67
GRAPH 40: COMPARISON BETWEEN INSPECTIONS AND THE CAPTIVES WITH IRREGULAR STATUS, 2009 - 2013...... 68
GRAPH 41: CASES OF FOREIGNERS CAUGHT WITH IRREGULAR RESIDENCE, PROCEEDED TO THE COURT AND EVICTION ORDERS, 2011 - 2013 ...... 68
GRAPH 42: NUMBER OF FOREIGNERS TRAPPED R.KOSOVES TERRITORIES, IRREGULAR CASES
LAWSUIT TO THE COURT BY CITIZENSHIP, 2011 - 2013 ...... 69
GRAPH 43: NUMBER OF FOREIGNERS TRAPPED THE TERRITORY REPUBLIC OF KOSOVO, IRREGULAR CASES LAWSUIT TO THE COURT BY GENDER, 2011 – 2013 ...... 70
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GRAPH 44: NUMBER OF FOREIGNERS CAUGHT WITHIN THE TERRITORY OF THE REPUBLIC KOSOVO IRREGULAR CASES PRECEDED AT THE COURT BY AGE, 2011 - 2013...... 70
GRAPH 45: CASES OF FOREIGN NATIONALS FOR WHICH THE COURT HAS ISSUED AN DEPORTATION ORDER FROM KOSOVO, BY GENDER, 2011 - 2013 ...... 71
GRAPH 46: CASES OF FOREIGN CITIZENS WHO WERE IMPOSED MEASURE OF DEPORTATION FROM KOSOVO BY COURT, BY AGE, 2011 - 2013 ...... 72
GRAPH 47: CASES OF FOREIGN CITIZENS FOR WHOM THE COURT HAS IMPOSED THE MEASURE OF DEPORTATION FROM KOSOVO BY CITIZENSHIP AND PERCENTAGE, 2011 - 2013 ...... 72
GRAPH 48: CASES OF IMPOSING OF REMOVAL ORDERS FOR FOREIGNERS CAUGHT WITHIN THE TERRITORY OF KOSOVO BY CITIZENSHIP AND PERCENTAGE, 2011 -2013 ...... 73
GRAPH 49: CASES OF REMOVAL ORDERS FOR FOREIGNERS CAUGHT WITHIN THE TERRITORY R.KOSOVES BY AGE, 2011 - 2013 ...... 74
GRAPH 50: THESE DATA SHOW THAT MOST FOREIGNERS THAT LEAVE VOLUNTARILY ARE YOUNG FEMALES ...... 74
GRAPH 51: VICTIMS OF TRAFFICKING WITH PERSONS IDENTIFIED IN KOSOVO BY CITIZENSHIP AND PERCENTAGE, 2009 – 2013 ...... 77
GRAPH 52:VICTIMS OF TRAFFICKING WITH PERSONS IDENTIFIED IN KOSOVO BY AGE AND PERCENTAGE, 2009 - 2013 ...... 78
GRAPH 53: THE NUMBER OF FOREIGNERS WHO HAVE IRREGULARLY WORKED AND FOR WHICH WAS IMPOSED THE REMOVAL ORDER, BY GENDER AND AGE, 2011 - 2013 ...... 81
GRAPH 54: THE NUMBER OF FOREIGNERS WHO WORKED IRREGULARLY AND FOR WHO WAS IMPOSED THE REMOVAL ORDER BY CITIZENSHIP AND PERCENTAGE, 2011 - 2013 ...... 82
GRAPH 55: ASYLUM SEEKERS STATES, 2013 ...... 83
GRAPH 56: ASYLUM SEEKERS IN THE R OF KOSOVO BY GENDER, 2011 - 2013 ...... 84
GRAPH 57: ASYLUM SEEKERS IN THE REPUBLIC OF KOSOVO BY AGE, 2011 - 2013 ...... 84
GRAPH 58: ASYLUM SEEKERS IN THE REPUBLIC OF KOSOVO BY STATES, 2011 – 2013 ...... 84
GRAPH 59: NUMBER OF ASYLUM SEEKERS IN THE R. OF KOSOVO, 2009 - 2013 ...... 85
GRAPH 60 :STATISTICS FOR SCHENGEN VISA APPLICATIONS AND REFUSALS OF SCHENGEN VISA FOR CITIZENS OF KOSOVO BY COUNTRY, 2013
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GRAPH 61: KOSOVO CITIZENS TRENDS WITH VALID RESIDENCE PERMIT IN EU MEMBER STATES AND SCHENGEN AREA 2011 - 2013 ...... 88
GRAPH 62: RELEASE FROM CITIZENSHIP OF THE REPUBLIC OF KOSOVO (POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE DECISIONS), 2011- 2013 ...... 91
GRAPH 63: WAIVER OF CITIZENSHIP OF THE REPUBLIC OF KOSOVO BY GENDER, 2011-2013 . 92
GRAPH 64: POSITIVE DECISION ON RELEASE FROM CITIZENSHIP BY AGE GROUPS, 2011 - 2013 ...... 92
GRAPH 65: COMPARING THE NUMBER OF ASYLUM SEEKERS IN THE EU STATES,2011 – 2013 94
GRAPH 66: NUMBER OF ASYLUM SEEKERS IN EU COUNTRIES AND THE SCHENGEN AREA BY GENDER, 2013 ...... 95
GRAPH 67: NUMBER OF ASYLUM SEEKERS IN THE EU STATES AND THE SCHENGEN AREA BY AGE GROUP, 2011 - 2013 ...... 95
GRAPH 68: TREND OF KOSOVO ASYLUM SEEKERS IN EU STATES AND SCHENGEN AREA, 2011 - 2013 ...... 96
GRAPH 69: KOSOVO CITIZENS WHO HAVE BEEN REFUSED ENTRY AT THE BORDER OR CAUGHT AT THE BORDERS IN MEMBER STATES OF THE EU AND SCHENGEN AREA, 2011-2013 ...... 97
GRAPH 70: KOSOVO CITIZENS WHO ARE CAUGHT ILLEGALLY RESIDING WITHIN THE TERRITORY OF EU MEMBER STATES-AND SCHENGEN AREA BY GENDER, 2011 - 2013 ...... 98
GRAPH 71: KOSOVO CITIZENS WHO ARE CAUGHT ILLEGALLY RESIDING WITHIN THE TERRITORY OF EU MEMBER STATES AND SCHENGEN AREA BY AGE GROUPS AND STATES IN%, 2011 – 2013 ...... 100
GRAPH 72: KOSOVO CITIZENS WHO ARE CAUGHT ILLEGALLY RESIDING WITHIN THE TERRITORY OF THE EU MEMBER STATES AND SCHENGEN AREA BY STATES AND YEARS, 2011 - 2013 ...... 100
GRAPH 73:KOSOVO NATIONALS ILLEGALLY RESIDING IN EU MEMBER STATES AND SCHENGEN AFTER THE ISSUANCE OF THE REMOVAL ORDER BY STATES AND YEARS, 2011 -
2013 ...... 101
GRAPH 74: KOSOVO CITIZENS REMOVED FROM EU MEMBER STATES AND SCHENGEN SPACE UNDER THE REMOVAL ORDER IN PERCENTAGE (2011-2013) ...... 102
GRAPH 75: KOSOVO CITIZENS REMOVED FROM EU MEMBER STATES AND SCHENGEN AREA 12
BASED ON THE REMOVAL ORDER BY STATES AND YEARS (2011-2013) ...... 102 MP KOSOVAMP 2013
GRAPH 76: EDUCATION OF HOUSEHOLD HEADS AND THOSE EMIGRANT LIVING IN KOSOVO ...... 105
GRAPH 77: READMISSION TO THE PERCENTAGE BY LAW ENFORCEMENT AND BILATERAL AGREEMENTS, 2011 – 2013 ...... 108
GRAPH 78: REPATRIATION (VOLUNTARY AND FORCED) BY THE TOP 10 COUNTRIES, 2011-2013 ...... 108
GRAPH 79: READMISSION (FORCE AND VOLUNTARY) BY GENDER, 20011 – 2013 ...... 109
GRAPH 80: READMISSION (FORCE AND VOLUNTARY) BY AGE GROUP, 2011-2013 ...... 110
GRAPH 81: READMISSION TREND (FORCED AND VOLUNTARY) BY COMMUNITIES, 2011 - 2013 ...... 110
GRAPH 82: TREND READMISSION (FORCE AND VOLUNTARY) BY YEAR, 2009 – 2013 ...... 111
GRAPH 83: ASSISTED PERSONS THAT RETURNED VOLUNTARILY, 2007 - 2013 ...... 112
GRAPH 84 :THAT ASSISTED PERSONS RETURNED VOLUNTARILY BY COUNTRY OF ORIGIN, 2013 ...... 112
GRAPH 85:THAT ASSISTED PERSONS RETURNED VOLOUNTARILY BY GENDER 2013 ...... 113
GRAPH 86:THAT ASSISTED PERSONS RETURNED VOLUNTARILY BY AGE GROUP ...... 113
GRAPH 87: ASSISTED PERSONS THAT VOLUNTARY RETURNED BY ETHINCITY, 2010 - 2013 .. 114
GRAPH 88: RE INEGRATED PEOPLE SUPPORTED IMMEADIATELY AFTER ARRIVING, 2011 –2013 ...... 117
GRAPH 89:NEW INTEGRATED REFLECTS PERSONS EMERGENCY SUPPORT INSIDE 12 MONTHS, 2011 - 2013 ...... 117
GRAPH 90:REFLEKS FAMILIES/PERSONS REITEGRATEDSUPPORT SUSTAINABLE REINTEGRATION, 2011 - 2013 ...... 118
GRAPH 91:RETURN BY YEAR, 2009 - 2013 ...... 120
GRAPH 92:PERSONAL DOCUMENTS ISSUED IN DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR MISSIONS , 2011 - 2013 ...... 129
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FOREWARD
ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
NQA National Qualifications Authority
KAS Kosovo Agency of Statistics
AVRR Assistance of Voluntary Returnees and Reintegration
WB World Bank
EU European Union
DCAM Department of Citizenship, Asylum and Migration
EIB European Investment Bank
EURODAC European Database for fingerprints for identification of asylum seekers
EUAS European Agency for Statistics
ECMI European Centre for Minority Issue
IMF International Monetary Fund
ICJ International Court of Justice
SSI Semi-structured interviews
FDI Foreign Direct Investment
ICMPD International Centre for Preparation of Migration policies
IOM International Organization for Migration
VTC Vocational Training Centers
MTEF Medium Term Expenditure Framework
14
UN United Nations MP KOSOVAMP 2013
MEST Ministry of Education, Science and Technology
MF Ministry of Finance
MCR Ministry for Communities and Returns
MIA Ministry of Internal Affairs
MLSW Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare
IBM Integrated Border Management
GDP Domestic production of the Country
BP Border Police
BCP Border Crossing Points
IDP Internally Displaced Person
UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
MOCR Municipal Offices for Communities and Returns
EO Employment Offices
DRRP Department for Reintegration of Repatriated Persons
CCR Central Commission for Reintegration
MCR Municipal Commission for Reintegration
CMS Case Management System
DPR Displaced Persons in Region
DITHB Directorate for Investigation of Trafficking with Human Beings
IDTHB Department for Investigation of Trafficking with Human 15
Beings MP KOSOVAMP 2013
- No data
: The data are not available
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GENERAL INFORMATION FOR THE STATE
Capital: Pristina
The surface: 10,908.1 square km The boundaries Total: 743.556 km:Albania, 113.551 km; Ex Yugoslav Republic of terrestrial: Macedonia, 170.772 km; Montenegro, 79.165 km ; Serbia, 380.068 km; Population: 1,815 606 (evaluation of the year 2012)1 Ethnic Groups: Albanian91.0%; Serbian 3.2% and other 5.8% (2011) Languages: Albanian and Serbian President: Mrs. Atifete Jahjaga2 Prime Minister: Mr. Hashim Thaçi3 The form of Parlamentary Republic Government:
17 1 Estimating population 2012 :Source: Statistical Agency of Kosovo 2http://www.president-ksgov.net, October 4, 2011
3http://www.kryeministri-ks.net/?page=2,1 October 4, 2011 MP KOSOVAMP 2013
PART A: INTRODUCTION
A1. General Overview In the context of regional or international initiatives for building partnerships and bridges of cooperation on migration as a multidimensional and complex phenomenon, preparation and publication of the Migration Profile is an indispensable and necessary contribution for better management of migration by the responsible structures.
Initially, the migration profile is proposed by the European Commission in the Communication over Migration and Development in year 2005.Specified in the text, the migration profile should „have purpose of gathering information, on issues dealing with the labor market situation unemployment rate, labor market demand and supply, and current deficiencies and those potential of skills according to sectors and occupations and ,occupational needs in the country, skills available in the diaspora, migratory movements, incoming and outgoing movements associated with migration, including remittances as well as relevant gender aspects and those associated with minors.4
Government of Republic of Kosovo in accordance with the above mentioned Communication of the European Commission, different integration processes , as the process of European integration, undertaking of necessary reforms in context of participation in various initiatives as the Prague Process, and in accordance with internal Governmental programs for the institutional consolidation and of policies for migration management has initiated the process of drafting of the Expanded Profile for Migration with the data of the period 2008-2012 and which document has been approved in October of 2013.
Compilation of the Expanded Migration Profile 2012 is coordinated by Department for Citizenship, Asylum and Migration (DSHAM) within the Ministry of Internal Affairs (MIA) of the Republic of Kosovo and with the involvement of all relevant local instructions and with the support of international partners as IOM, UNHCR and ZBE in Kosovo.
For the first time, state structures responsible for monitoring of the migratory flows as a an non- formalized group, in cooperation with other structures that contribute in the field of ,migration in Kosovo, as those governmental and non-governmental have developed the first Profile of migration which is adopted in October 2013. These structures have received official form through a decision of the Government of the Republic of Kosovo 29 November 2013 for foundation of Governmental Authority for monitoring of migration movements(hereinafter will be referred as Authority Migration).
The first migration profile was an comprehensive document with the standard data for migration and data
related with other fields which potentially are affected and affect in the phenomenon of migration such as the :labor market, human capital, education, trade etc. The goal of this document is the construction of a solid
18
4Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of Regions: Migration and Development: Some concrete orientations COM (2005) 390, p. 37, annex 8 KOSOVAMP 2013
backdrop for coherent policy development in the field of migration and development. This document is evaluated positively by the experts of European Union in the framework of dialogue on visa liberalization.
Considering that profiles of migration should be developed and updated in annual basis, governmental authority as a responsible group has drafted the second Profile of Migration with the data that covers period in 2013.
Drafting of this document has preceded by a preparatory work of respective local institutions through the data collecting, their analysis as well as discussions during the workshops held on a weekly basis for a time period of four months. Every institution according to respective databases has offered data for the appropriate fields, due to lack of integration of these databases. Also, the data are consulted also with resources from other international organizations as EUROSTAT, IOM, UNHCR and other sources. Statistical data and information of this document belong to the period until the end of year 2013; while some predictions / guesses are extend beyond this period of time.
Preparation of the Migration Profile in Kosovo contains not only statistical data, but also an comprehensive analysis of current migratory situation, predictions for inclinations and migration trends in the future as well as relevant recommendations for improvements in all the chains related to migration. In the second profile of migration are taken into account also the suggestions and comments made by experts of the European Union as well as IOM for first Profile of Migration.
As regards the structural organization of the document ,after the presentation of content and of structure of the document and a general overview over background of migration indicated in the Part A, Part B of the Migration profile is intended to give an overview of socio-economic conditions of the country in order to understand the socio-economic context that affect in migration .
Part C examines and analyzes the migration situation in the country and ensures an overview of the existing data of number and types of regular immigrants of the regular, irregular immigrants/emigrants, and the situation of re-admission and reintegration in Republic of Kosovo. Part C also provides statistics over the internally displaced persons.
Part D summarizes policies and migration programs, legal framework and explains their effectiveness in management of migration and development challenges as well as major institutional stakeholders involved in migration management and issues related to diaspora. Also this part mentions issues dealing with regional and international cooperation always in relation to migration.
Identification of key impeller and attractive factors that affect in migration , the main trends of migration, as
well as the impact of migration as a phenomenon in investments and trade in general are the focus of the part
E of this document .
Findings and the main analysis have been presented in the part F of this profile. In part F are shown the
19 shortcomings of the existing data and possible recommendations for the improvement of data on migration. MP KOSOVAMP 2013
Also, are provided suggestions to improve the quality during the drafting of updated profile and key recommendations are provided for policymakers for improvement of current management of migration.
Development of this document highlights challenges and difficulties with which encounter the respective institutions and policymakers to ensure an efficient and complete responsiveness of the dynamic of migration
in Kosovo. These challenges and difficulties are elaborated in details in the part F of this document.
20 MP KOSOVAMP 2013
A2. Background of migration in Kosovo Due to various politico-economic circumstances in the past, Kosovo population is known as immigrant population. Despite the expressed migration, only a few studies are performed in the field of migration and development of Kosovo.
The main propellant factors of emigration were different but dominate family reunification (46%), socio- economic factors (35%), without ignoring the political factor, better education, etc.
The largest number of persons who had emigrated from Kosovo was during years 1990-s, reaching the peak during the war of the years 1998-99 for which were reported 51.728 inhabitants (respectively 21.973 and 29.755) or about 13.6% of all Kosovar immigrants.
Years that are characterized by the lowest migration with about 1.7% are the years 1986, 1987 and 2001.
Mostly young people of the age groups 25-44 years emigrated, who constituted 47.2% of immigrant population (the main reproductive age in terms of fertility and the workforce)while , dominant age group 30-34 age with 12.7%.
The persons of retirement age constituted a small number of about 1.30 % of Kosovo migration. This small number of Kosovar emigrants, results with that the immigrant population after this age turn to live the other part of the retirement in Kosovo. Based on data from the population census in year 2011, over 35% of Kosovo immigrants have emigrated to Germany,23% in Switzerland and over 7%.In Italy .While, in other countries as: Canada, Australia and other countries constituted over 10% of the Kosovo migrant population.
According to estimates of KSA (based on vital statistics , natural growth , fertility, KAS surveys during previous years , population census 2011, assessment of population forecast 2011-2061) starting from the year 1969, representative number of the population of Kosovo who had emigrated from Kosovo (of all communities ) until April 2011 is assessed to be about 550.000 inhabitants. If children born outside Kosovo would be included, those who have at least one parent from Kosovo, the number of Kosovo diaspora will be significantly higher.
As a representative value KSA through the necessary calculations will get the middle value, natural growth number from 153.978 children born outside Kosovo who have at least one parent from Kosovo. Thus, number of emigrated Kosovo population and the population with Kosovo background (1969-2011)is estimated to be about703.978 inhabitants .
Despite huge international migration, a small number of persons who had migrated for years from Kosovo
have returned. According to population census data from the year 2011, in Kosovo are 128.808 immigrants
(arrivals) or about 7.4% of the population.
About 97%of immigrants have citizenship of Kosovo, therefore, the vast majority of immigrants were 21
actually returned to their country. MP KOSOVAMP 2013
PART B: ANALYSIS OF THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONTEXT OF MIGRATION This part of this document intends to present an overview of socio-economic conditions of Kosovo in order to understand the push / pull factors who affect the migration from Kosovo and immigration in Kosovo. The data collected in this part are provided by the Statistical Office of Kosovo, Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare, Ministry of Economic Development, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Trade and Industry, Ministry of Education, Science and Technology and the Central Bank of Kosovo.
B1. The population of Kosovo B1.1. Resident population The last assessment on the resident population in Kosovo is the assessment of the year 2012 with total 1.815.606 inhabitants5.Preliminary data for the year 2013 despite the positive natural growth, the expressed international migration in the year 2013 has influenced the number of resident population in Kosovo to be almost rough with the year 2012.Socio-economic conditions were the determining push factors for an immigration expressed as the provision of a work place, securing a better economic future, higher living standard while a part of them has migrated for also for reasons of family reunification, reasons of marriages or and vocational education.
B1.2.Population Growth, Ethnic Composition and Density Birth rate for the year 2013 is estimated to be around 13.7pro mile while, mortality rate 4.13 pro mile. Natural growth for the year 2013 is estimated to be about 0.97%.
According to estimates of the Kosovo Agency of statistics in the year 2012, Albanians constituted 91.03%of the population, Serbs 3.2 %and other minorities about 5.8%of the total of the population. The ethnic composition for the year 2013 in Kosovo is estimated to be the same with the year 2012.
The unchanged resident population of Kosovo for year 2013, shows that the density of Kosovo population continues to be about 166 inhabitants for 1km2.
B2. Economy and Economic climate B2.1. Economy Kosovo's economy in the recent years has shown significant resistance facing the turmoil of the Euro zone economy. This is because the Government of Kosovo has taken successful steps towards improving of competitiveness of the economy against countries in the region, including improved climate of doing business and large public investment in infrastructure, always maintaining the fiscal sustainability. As a result, although Kosovo's economic growth has slowed over these years, she has remained positive at a time when
22
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most countries of the region have fallen in recession. Economic growth for the year 2013 is assessed to be 3.2%.
In the year 2012 and 2013 Kosovo‟s economic growth is estimated to have been under the potential one, which is also reflected with low pressures of the inflation in prices of goods and non-tradable services. In the medium term period the output gap is expected to narrow when the economy is expected to grow in accordance with the potential level of growth, which reflects the substitute of the import and increase of exports of goods.
Great work is shown in improving the environment of doing business which will further continue, aiming the realization of Kosovo's progress in top 40 reformers in 2015 according to estimates of the World Bank for doing business.
B2.2. Essential Economic policies Analysis of the real sector of the economy, or more precisely that of identification of leading providers of contribution in economic growth, shows that the so far accumulation of stock of the public capital and fiscal policy formulated in accordance with macroeconomic developments has not caused predomination of public sector versus private sector, but resulted with the promotion of private sector. For this reason, over the medium term, the private consumption, private investments and export are those that are expected to lead the economic growth. On the side of the offer, the structure of the economy is expected to be dominated by the increase of the productivity in agriculture, associated with larger investments in light industry and manufacturing.
Medium Term Framework of Expenditure is designed in accordance with fiscal -budget policies for which the Government has discussed and has agreed with International Monetary Fund (IMF). Based on this, Budget development process should consider the respect of the fiscal rule where the deficit of overall budget should not exceed 2% of the Gross Local Production (GLP).
Also, it will be continued with the economic growth rate, maintaining low budget deficits, stable level of the Public debt of the country, low taxes for business and increasing the level of collection of revenue within the country in relation to those collected at the border.
B2.3. Main macroeconomic indicators The data in Figure 1, show that the contribution of consumption growth in real growth of GDP will be sustainable over the projected period, funded mainly by remittances from the Diaspora and by the raised
Salaries of employees in the public sektor
23 MP KOSOVAMP 2013
GRAPH1:GDP GROWTH OF REAL AND CONTIBUTION OF ITS COMPONENTS, 2011 - 2017
SOURCE : AGENCY OF STATISTICS OF THE KOSOVO
TABLE1:INDICATORS , ACCORDING MACROECONOMIC IN YEARS 2009 - 2013
Description 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013*
GDP nominal, in mil. Euro 4,008 4,291 4,773 4,916 5,125
GDP, real growth, in% 3.5% 3.2% 4.8% 2.5% 3.2%
GDP for head of population, in euro 2,238 2,418 4,773 4,916 5,125
Inflation rate, in % 3.5% 7.4% 7.4% 2.4% 1.8%
Public debt, as % of GDP 7.5% 6.0% 5.3% 8.4% 9.3%
Export and the goods and services (% of GDP) 16.4% 19.5% 20.1% 18.8% 18.1%
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 52.8% 56.9% 57.3% 53.9% 51.1%
Services of loans as a percentage of exports as 6.7% 2.4% 2.2% 2.3% 2.7% goods and services
Exports of goods and services, in mil. Euro 657.0 835.1 958.9 922.1 927.0
Imports of goods and services, in mil. Euro 2,114 2,443 2,737 2,649 2,619
24 SOURCE: DPEP/MF
*For the year 2013 is assessment, in the absence of the official data from ASK. KOSOVAMP 2013
Financial sector
The Structure of bank composition continued to remain the same as regards of market allocation, where banks with international capital continue to dominate the market in Kosovo. During the past two years is noticed an increase in inter- bank competitive activities as regards providing attractive products and services in order to advance services for keeping and adding of customers. During the year 2013, lending of the Kosovo economy has continued to have a slight increase where loans reached a value of 1.806 billion euro with an increase of 2% in comparison with the year 2012 and deposits 2.449 billion euros with an increase of 7%.
During the period 2010-2013 loans recorded an average increase of 9% while deposits recorded an average increase 8.9%, increase which matched with the trend of increasing nominal GDP .Graph2, illustrates the trends of increasing norms of nominal GDP , loans and deposits.
GRAPH2:CREDIT GROWTH ,DEPOSIT AND GDP NOMINAL IN PERCENTAGE 2010 - 2017
SOURCE: KCB, AND CALCULATIONS DEPARMENT FOR POLICY ECONOMIC-PULBIC
External sector
In the year 2013, Current account of balance of payments recorded a deficit of 6.6% of GDP from 7.7% as it was in 2012. Considering that the current account position reflects the dependence of the economy from the outside funding, its reduction would indicate a positive development. However, the main factors affecting in reducing the current account have been the decline of import of goods, increasing exports of goods and increase of transfers account, including remittances from the Diaspora.
Capital and financial account is increased in 3.2% of the GDP from 2.9% in 2012. This growth has come mainly due to the decrease of investments in securities abroad that are supposed to be re-oriented toward
securities of the Government of Kosovo. In addition, foreign direct investments have increased in report with GDP from 4.3% in 4.7%.
25 MP KOSOVAMP 2013
B2.4. the investment climate In 2013, Kosovo, compared with other countries, has had more favorable fiscal policies in the region and lower tax rates. International standards of accounting are applicable. Tax liabilities are as follows:
TABLE 2: THE TAX LIABILITIES - 2013
Personal income Personal Income Tax in (%) 0 - 80 € 0% 80 - 250 € 4% 250 - 450 € 8% Over 450 € 10% VAT 16% VAT flat for Farmers 16% Taxes on corporate income 10% Pension contributions for workers 5% gross salary
SOURCE : MF
Regarding the fiscal side in 2013 Tax rates remain almost the same, except for a change. On 10 September 2013 has started the application of a flat rate for farmers, through which is aimed an easier business for farmers, where inclusion in the normal regime of the VAT would create difficulties. Any Agricultural manufacturer which does not exceed the registration limit of VAT has the right to apply for inclusion in flat rate VAT.This is an good opportunity for all new farmers in business, but also for those present who for the o development of their normal activity need a so-called Investment subsidy by State or Tax Relief.
Based on economic stability and created climate for business, assistance and subsidies, especially for the agricultural sector are available. Agriculture is seen as a potential for further development. Kosovo citizens have the opportunity to be involved in these kind of activities taking into account these facilities, to exploit them to develop this sector which will certainly affect in the decline of emigration and economic development of the Country.
• Environment of doing business
According to the World Bank Report on Doing Business 2014, Kosovo was ranked as the 5th in the list of most reformatory countries in the world as one of the countries with most improving and reformative economy placing it in place 86 from 189 countries of the world. This means that Kosovo keeps the best
position compared with its neighbors.
Moreover, Kosovo is ranked in the list of States that have established One Stop Shop points for providing all services in one place for business. As a next important point is also the fact that Kosovo is part of the states which have renounced by the minimum requirements to having capital for the opening of an enterprise. 26
Another apparent achievement is ranking of Kosovo in countries which do obtaining of a construction MP KOSOVAMP 2013
permit easier and lowering of payments needed in that regard. Also, Kosovo adopted a new system of notaries and combined procedures for drafting and legalization of agreements for sale and purchase and for property registration.
It is worth mentioning as following:
- the biggest reforms in process of the starting of a business;
- Opening of 27 One-Stop Shop centers;
- the capital for companies with limited responsibility is eliminated;
- Initial capital needed for joint stock companies from 25,000 is decreased in 10,000 euro;
- Shortening of the deadline for business registration from 10 days to 3 days;
- Taxes for initial registration of businesses is removed;
- All procedural deadlines are decreased, from 60 days to 30 days, from 10 days to 3 days and from 20 days to 15 days;
- project for integration of system with ATK is finalized, now in One Stop Shop are obtained: the registration number, fiscal number, certificate of VAT, etc.;
- The request for approval of the main construction project is eliminated;
- The payment for technical approval is eliminated by the municipality and reduction of payment for the construction permit; and
- Procedures related with registration of the property and costs are reduced.
Kosovo has marked an increased from the 117th place to the 86th in 2013 compared with 2011. Progress is as follows:
- Kosovo has improved the Business Start indicator for 68 countries during this period;
- Indicator for Registration of Property has moved positively for 15countries;
- Indicator for Construction Permits has improved for 35 countries;
- Protecting Investors In Kosovo has moved positively for 76 countries;
- Regulation of bankruptcy procedures has improved for 3 countries
- Cross Border Trade has improved for 10 countries; and
- Enforcing Contracts has moved positively for 19 countries.
27 MP KOSOVAMP 2013
TABLE3: KOSOVO IN LIST OF COUNTRIES MORE REFORMERSIN THE WORLD
Indicators 2011 2012 2012/2011 2013 2013/2012 2013/2011
Doing business, facilitations 117 98 19 86 12 31 Starting a business 168 126 42 100 26 68 Building permits 171 152 19 136 16 35 Access to electricity 124 120 4 121 -1 3 Registration of Property 73 75 -2 58 17 15 Obtaining a credit 24 24 0 28 -4 -4 Investment Protection 174 95 79 98 -3 76 Payment of taxes 38 42 -4 43 -1 -5 Cross-border trade 131 122 9 121 1 10 Empowering contracts 157 139 18 138 1 19 Choosing liquidity 31 86 -55 83 3 -52
SOURSE :MINISTRY OF TRADE AND THE INDUSRTY B2.5. Capital investments The development of public infrastructure is expected to strongly influence in the economic development generally including the creation of new work places, empowering of the small and medium businesses, integral rural development, etc. Meeting the needs for electricity, with increased production and power supply in accordance with international standards, will be done through the start of project implementation of the TC New Kosovo. Amongst capital investments could be mentioned even the project implementation Co- generation system. This system will make the link of the heat plant of the Pristina city (existing network) with TC "Kosovo B". This will affect in the decrease of the demand for electricity and contributes to increase of security of the power supply.
B2.6. Foreign Direct Investment Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Kosovo in 2013 was 258.5 billion euro or 13.1 percent higher than in the previous year. As shown in Figure 3, FDI in Kosovo during the period 2008 – 2011 have maintained a similar level by average 8.3 percent of PBB. As a result of the global financial crisis, during 2009 FDI scored sharper fall, whereas in 2010-2011 the value of these investments began to rise again, although with a slow rhythm while, the trend worsened significantly in 2012 reaching about 5 percent of PBB and this trend continued almost at the same level during 2013. This worsening trend shows the sensitivity that FDI have towards
economic developments of the Euro zone countries, which also represent the main source of FDI in Kosovo.
28 MP KOSOVAMP 2013
GRAPH3:FOREING INVESTMENT DIRECT IN KOSOVO IN EURO MILLIONS AND AS A PERCENTAGE OF GDP, 2006 - 2013
SOURCE: KCB
FDI in Kosovo during 2013 were mainly focused in the economy sectors as: real estate 35.4 percent of total FDI, construction with 15.1 percent, productivity with 6.9 percent, financial sector with 11 percent, followed by transport and telecommunication sector with participation from 14.2 percent of total FDI.
As it is presented in graphic 4, the year 2013 was characterized by changes regarding the structure of FDI based on sectors. The value of investments in real estate, category which consists mainly from investments of immigrants in real estate, is almost similar to the previous year, but due to the declining of investments in the construction and production sector it is observed an larger participation of this sector in total FDI. The financial sector which in 2010 suffered a sharp decline in total FDI in two successive years recorded a slight increase and is expected mark an increase in 2014 also, since a new bank already licensed will start its operation in banking system of Kosovo.
GRAPH 4: FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT ACCORDING TO THE MAIN ECONOMIC SECTORS, IN PERCENTAGE, 2007 –2013
40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5%
0%
Trade
Mining
Finance
Real estate Real Production
Construction Transp.telec. and 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 29
SOURCE :KCB MP KOSOVAMP 2013
EU countries continue to present the main source of FDI in Kosovo. However, viewed in terms of current statistics then it can be said that Turkey in 2013 also in the last year presents the main Country from where the FDI in Kosovo mostly came (33.6 percent of total FDI). Investments by this state, in 2013 were oriented mainly in the transport and telecommunication sector (57.2 percent), electricity (31.8) financial services (6 percent), real estate (3 percent), etc. Significant increase FDI there was also from Albania, which during this period represents the second Country with the greatest increase for the period 2013 (by 2.8 in 7.9 percent).
Another very important source of FDI in Kosovo was Switzerland (16.1 percent of total FDI). In contrast to Turkey, FDI from Switzerland during 2013 were mainly concentrated in real estate (84.9 percent) and in construction (7.7 percent). By most EU countries, including the Germany, there was a decline of FDI, however, since the decline of FDI from Great Britain was big enough, by some other countries it is noticed and increase of participation in the FDI structure.
GRAPH5:STRUCTURE OF FDI ACCORDINGMAIN STATES , IN PERCENT, 2011 - 2013
Turqia
Gjermania
Zvicra
Britania e Madhe
SHBA
Sllovenia
Shqipëria
Bullgaria
Austria
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 2011 2012 2013
SOURCE :BQK B2.7. Migrant remittances (Remittances) The Income from remittances in Kosovo during the last five years had a volume that averaged 590 million euros. In 2013 remittances reached the amount of 620.8 million euro, compared with 2012 represents an increase of 2.5 %. Migrant remittances in 2013 had the same level with the previous year having a share from 12 percent of GDP. The highlighting of macroeconomic importance of remittances noted from the fact that they cover more than 30 percent of Kosovo's trade deficit.
30 MP KOSOVAMP 2013
GRAPH6: REMITTANCES AS A SHARE OF GDP AND TRADE BALANCE DEFICIT, 2007 - 2013
45.0 20.0 39.8 38.1 36.9 18.0 40.0 35.5 33.3 16.0 35.0 31.2 28.4 29.2 14.0 30.0 12.0 25.0 10.0 20.0 8.0 15.0 6.0 10.0 4.0 5.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Remittances/Trade Deficit Remittances/GDP (right axis)
SOURCE: CBK
Regarding the channels of sending back the remittances from the Table 4, it can be seen that about 25 %of emigrant remittances are transferred via banking channels while over 35 % are transferred through money transfer agencies. The rest of remittances are transferred through other channels that include informal channels also. The main source of the total migrant remittances received in Kosovo continues to be Germany (33.4 %) and Switzerland (23.5%), followed by other countries.
TABLE4: MIGRANT REMITTANCES – ACCORDING TO CHANNELS (IN MILLIONS OF EUROS, NON- CUMULATIVE STATISTICS), 2006 - 2013
Description Total Banks ATM Other 2006 467.1 135.1 184.7 147.3 2007 515.6 137.1 198.7 179.8 2008 608.7 126.3 213.1 269.3 2009 585.7 148.8 213.1 223.8 2010 584.3 141.3 213.1 229.9 2011 584.8 139.7 225.3 219.8 2012 605.6 126.5 218.5 260.6 2013 620.8 158.9 211.4 250.5
SOURCE: CBK
TABELA 5: MIGRANTS REMITANCES BY COUNTRY, IN PERCENTAGE, 2008 - 2013
e
y
Description Total
anada
Ital USA
Other Other
Franc
Austria
Sweden
C
Norway
Belgium
Germany
Countries
Switzerland Great Britain Britain Great
100 37.7 15.9 13.1 6.2 2.8 2.8 3.7 3.9 1.9 2.2 1.5 8.3
31 2008 MP KOSOVAMP 2013
100 37.4 21.1 10.3 5.7 3.1 2.8 3.2 3.8 2.7 1.8 1.3 6.7 2009
100 34.2 21.2 7.7 5.4 2.7 4.1 3.3 3.8 2.8 1.9 1.5 11.4 2010
100 33.2 23.1 7.0 5.5 2.6 3.7 3.5 3.9 2.7 1.9 1.4 11.6 2011
100 34.3 23.4 7.4 6.1 3.4 4.5 2.7 2.4 2.8 1.0 2.2 9.7 2012
100 33.4 23.5 7.6 5.4 2.2 4.5 2.8 3.4 2.5 1.2 2.4 8.8 2013
SOURCE: CBK B2.8. Compensation of employees Compensation of employees continues to be the largest category under the account of the income which during 2013 had a balance of 218.9 million euros (214.3 million euro during 2012). This category consists mainly from the incomes of employees abroad such as seasonal workers as well as the workers in Afghanistan and Iraq.
GRAPH7: WORKERS COMPENSATION 2007 – 2013
250
200
150
100
50
0
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
SOURCE: CBK B2.8. Informal economy In 2013 a study was conducted in this regard by an Informal Business Perspective in Kosovo Friedrich Ebert Stiftung, Kosovo Foundation for Open Society and Riinvest Institute for Research and Development. While based in the strategy for combating informal economy, money laundering and terrorist financing,MF is in the process of assessing the level of Informal Economy. The results derived from this study provide an estimate for the degree of Informal Economy which expressed as a percentage was approximately 34.4% of GDP. 32
MP KOSOVAMP 2013
B2.9. Business
Consumer Price Index
Consumer prices in 2013 experienced an increase of 1.8%. Price increase was noted mainly on food products, nonalcoholic beverages but also in clothes and shoes. While in 2012 the inflation rate was 2.8% in 2013 the rate was 1.8%.
Trading Exchanges for merchandise for the period 2010-2013
Merchandise exports in 2013 reached a value of 293 million euros, an increase of 6.5% year compared with 2012. On the other hand, imports reached a value of 2.4 billion euros in 2013, which implies a 2 percent decrease compared with the previous year. The ratio of import coverage by exports as a percentage of merchandise imports during 2013 was 12%.
TABLE 6:TRADE BALANCE FOR GOODS (IN MILLIONS OF EUROS), 2010 - 2013
Year 2010 2011 2012 2013
Exports 295,957 319,165 276,100 293,919
Imports 2,157,725 2,492,348 2,507,609 2,450,363
Trade Balance -1,861,768 -2,173,183 -2,231,509 -2,156,444
SOURCE: MTI
GRAPH8: TRADE BALANCE FOR GOODS, (IN MILLIONS OF EUROS), 2010 – 2013,
2,492,348 2,507,609 2,450,363 2,157,725
295,957 319,165 276,100 293,919
2010 2011 2012 2013
-1,861,768 -2,173,183 -2,231,509 -2,156,444
Export Import Trade balanc
Linear (Export) Linear (Import) Linear (Trade balanc)
33
SOURCE: MTI MP KOSOVAMP 2013
Trade with EU and CEFTA countries, constitute the most important part of Kosovo trade exchanges, with about 72% of the all foreign trade for 2013.
Trade with EU countries - Kosovo, in terms of foreign trade has the EU countries as the most important trading partner in recent years, in both imports and exports. From this, 41% of Kosovo trade exchanges during 2013 have been destined for EU countries. More than 39.4% the country's total exports are destined to the EU. Also, imports from EU countries cover the major part of the General imports in Kosovo, 41.3% for 2013.
Thus, during 2013, Imports from EU countries were about 1 billion euros or 41% of total imports, marking an increase of 3.4% compared to 2012. Kosovo Exports to EU countries amounted to 115 million Euros, or around 39.4% of total exports, an increase of 7.8%.
Trade with the CEFTA Countries / Kosovo exports to countries participating in the CEFTA have risen around 4.4% (107 million Euro), which includes 36.4% of all exports to Kosovo. Meanwhile, imports from CEFTA countries during 2013 were 749.5 million Euros, a decrease of 11.3% that constitutes 30.6% of total imports in Kosovo.
TABLE7: TRADE GROUPS OF STATES IN THE PERCENTAGE, (2010 – 2013)
Group of States EXS/ IMP 2010 2011 2012 2013
Exports 44.5 43.0 38.4 39.4 EU Imports 38.3 38.0 38.7 41.3
Exports 23.5 26.0 36.8 36.4 CEFTA Imports 37.0 35.0 33.7 30.6
Exports 32.0 31.0 24.8 24.1 Others Imports 24.5 27.0 27.6 28.1
SOURCE :MTI
The most attractive Country for export remains Italy with 25.3%, followed by Albania 14.9%, India 9.9%, and Macedonia with 8.9 %. It is worth mentioning that in 2012 and 2013 Montenegro has entered the top 10 countries where Kosovo exports.
34 MP KOSOVAMP 2013
GRAPH9: STATES WITH THE PERCENTAGE THEMOST IN EXPORTS, 2013
25.3
14.9 9.9 8.9 5.9 4.9 3.7 2.6 2.5 2.2
SOURCE :MTI
From the above figures we see that the leading partner in imports for 2013 is Serbia (11.6% participation of Kosovo‟s total imports), followed by Germany (10.3%). Other important commercial partners are: Italy, Turkey, Macedonia, etc.
GRAPH10: STATES WITH THE PERCENTAGE THEMOST IN IMPORTS, 2013
11.6 10.3 9.3 8.4 7.6 7.3 6.0 4.5 3.4 3.0
SOURCE : MTI Trade in exported services over the years is as follows:
- year 2013 with 308.4 million euros;
- year 2012 with 346.2 million euros;
- year 2011 with 265.7 million euros; and
- year 2010 with 186.9 million euros.
Trade in exported services in 2013 had 11% less compared to 2012, 16% increase compared to 2011; and
65% increase compared with 2010.
Even during 2013, the main component in the framework of trade in services continues to be the travel category that consists of the sale of services for the non-residents. In 2013 the balance of travel services
35 account amounted to 306 million euros. Another Important category within services was the commercial MP KOSOVAMP 2013
activity in communication services. Value in the framework of traffic services during 2013 amounted to 56.8 million euros exports and 23.6 million imports resulting in a positive balance of 33.2 million euros.
Another important category in the framework of services was the export of services for the Kosovo Government related to services provided to the international presence in Kosovo i.e. diplomatic missions and other international institutions (EULEX and KFOR). The balance of this item in 2013 is 23.2 million euros. Another important category is construction services with 9.4 million euros export and 2.9 million euros import in 2013.
With negative balance (for years) in the context of trade services continues to be the transport with 36.7 million euros export and 88 million euros import in 2013.
GRAPH11: COMMERCIAL BALANCE OF SERVICES, 2010 - 2013
SOURCE :MTI
Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (EMSM)
Micro, Small and medium enterprises play an extremely important role in Kosovo's economic development. They constitute 98% of enterprises in Kosovo and employ 50% of employees in the labor market in Kosovo. Therefore, their effect in employment and consequently economic growth is extremely important. However, most EMSMEs are micro enterprises with 1 to 9 employees. This fact shows their inability to expand and develop as businesses, an indicator fact of the economic situation in the country. One of the main problems in this regard is access to finances which prevents the normal and rapid business development; however businesses in Kosovo also face numerous other problems dealing with the law enforcement or energy infrastructure of the Country. As a result, unemployment rate in Kosovo remains high and this may be one of
the reasons why young people decide to seek solutions to their problems abroad.
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GRAFPH12:MICRO,SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES , 2011 - 2013
2013
2012
2011 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 2011 2012 2013 Ndërmarrje të mesme(50-249) 15 16 20 Ndërmarrje te vogla (10-49) 105 125 126 Ndërmarrje mikro (1-9) 7492 8953 9056
SOURCE :MTI
Number of new and closed businesses over the years 2010 - 2013
Based on statistics obtained by the Agency for Registration of Businesses in Kosovo, we have an increase in the number of businesses registered between 2010 and 2013. So we have 26% or 1.877 more businesses registered in 2013 compared with the year 2010. However, the biggest change was recorded between 2011 and 2012 where we have have 21% or 1.600 more registered businesses in 2012 than in 2011. This may be related to doing business reforms.
GRAPH13: NUMBER OF NEW AND CLOSED BUSINESSES, 2010 - 2013
10,000 9,000 8,000 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 Biznese te reja 7,201 7,397 8,997 9,078 Biznese të mbyllura 1,377 953 1,106 1,514
SOURCE:MTI
37 MP KOSOVAMP 2013
Number of enterprises based in economic activity in the year 2013
According to the data of Ministry of Trade and Industry, the wholesale and retail trade which includes also the activities dealing with the repair of motor vehicles, motorcycles and articles for personal and home use
Constitute the most common economic activity in 2013 with 2757 companies operating in this field. This includes 30% of companies operating in 2013. In the second place we have 1,041 businesses working in the real estate sector which include 11% of the market.
GRAPH14: THE NUMBER OF ENTERPRISES BASED ECONOMIC ACTIVITY, 2013
% Numri i ndermarrjeve sipas aktivitetit ekonomik 2013
0.2% Ndërmjetësimi financiar 14 0.3% Furnizimi me energji elektrike ,gaz dhe ujë të ngrohtë 25 0.3% Indusria nxjerrëse 27 0.3% Administrimi publik dhe i mbrojtjes,sigurimi social i… 32 1.0% Edukimi 95 2.0% Mbrojtja shëndetësore dhe sociale 187 7.8% Transporti, magazinimi dhe komunikacioni 717 8.4% Bujqësia,gjuetia dhe pylltaria 775 8.7% Të tjera 802 9.7% Hoteleri 889 10.0% Ndërtimtari 917 10.0% Prodhimi i ushqimit ,pijeve dhe produkteve të duhanit 922 11.3% Afarizmi me pasuri te padundshme 1041 30.0% Tregtia me shumicë dhe pakice 2757
SOURCE :MTI
Number of enterprises and employees by industry
In the following graphs and tables is provided information on the number of enterprises and employees in
various industries. It is important to note that the food industry employs the largest number of workers since 2009. In the meantime, it is observed an increase in the number of enterprises and employees in most industries during the years presented in tables and graphs.
38 MP KOSOVAMP 2013
GRAPH15: NUMBER OF WORKERS BY INDUSTRY, 2009 - 2013
TJERA IND.TRANSPORTIT IND.PAISJ. ELEK. DHE OPTIKE IND.PRODH. E MAKINAVE IND.METALEVE IND. MINERALEVE JO METALIKE IND.GUMES DHE PLASTIKES IND.KEMIKALEVE IND.NAFTES IND.LETRES IND.DRURIT IND.LEKURES IND.TEKSTILIT IND.USHQIMORE
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000
IND.GU IND. IND.PRO IND.PAIS MES MINERA IND.TRA IND.USH IND.TEK IND.LEK IND.DRU IND.LET IND.NAF IND.KEM IND.MET DH. E J. ELEK. DHE LEVE JO NSPORTI TJERA QIMORE STILIT URES RIT RES TES IKALEVE ALEVE MAKINA DHE PLASTIK METALIK T VE OPTIKE ES E 2013 6261 1315 234 1314 1975 39 598 1797 3776 2265 321 74 33 1571 2012 5537 1235 181 1304 1724 12 578 1755 3776 2403 316 60 47 1160 2011 4503 1281 153 1039 1598 5 533 1505 3197 1648 180 132 48 1072 2010 5479 1222 119 1403 1734 3 722 1393 4040 1934 168 267 316 984 2009 4960 791 104 1183 1422 0 509 1346 3084 2126 136 190 301 849
SOURCE : MTI
GRAPH16: NUMBER OF ENTERPRISES BY INDUSTRY, 2009 - 2013
IND.TRANSPORTIT IND.PRODH. E MAKINAVE IND. MINERALEVE JO METALIKE IND.KEMIKALEVE IND.LETRES IND.LEKURES IND.USHQIMORE 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
IND.GU IND. IND.PRO IND.PAIS MES MINERA IND.TRA IND.USH IND.TEK IND.LEK IND.DRU IND.LET IND.NAF IND.KEM IND.MET DH. E J. ELEK. DHE LEVE JO NSPORTI TJERA QIMORE STILIT URES RIT RES TES IKALEVE ALEVE MAKINA DHE PLASTIK METALIK T VE OPTIKE ES E 2013 1288 391 38 596 416 8 135 384 473 756 71 7 8 542 2012 1193 361 36 586 380 8 125 371 441 730 74 6 6 519
2011 1120 311 29 581 359 6 116 334 421 699 31 61 10 456 2010 1067 302 28 593 352 7 115 306 413 658 30 65 9 412 2009 1099 307 34 606 329 8 113 294 387 673 30 64 6 403
39
SOURCE : MTI MP KOSOVAMP 2013
B3. Labor Market Analysis
TABLE8: KEY INDICATORS OF THE LABOR MARKET (%), 2013
KEY INDICATORS OF THE LABOUR MARKET (%) Men Females Total The rate of labor force participation 60.2 21.1 40.5 The rate of non-activity 38.8 78.9 59.5 Employment ratio to population ( unemployment rate) 44 19.9 28.4 Percentage of vulnerable employment toward overall employment 25 18.9 23.6 The unemployment rate 26.9 38.8 30 The unemployment rate among young people (15-24 years) 50.4 68.4 55.9 Neeta percentage of youth in the population of young adults (15-24 years) 30 40.9 35.3
SOURCE: MPMS B3.1. Main indicators of labor market The LFS data of 2012 and LFS of 2013 are comparable because the data collection and analytical definitions were the same in both years. The following table summarizes the key indicators of the labor market for these two years.
TABLE9: THE LABOR MARKET SUMMARY, 2012 - 2013MESHK
Kosovo 2012 Kosovo 2013 The rate of non-activity 63.1 59.5 The rate of labor force participation (%) 36.9 40.5 Men 55.4 60.2 Females 17.8 21.1 The employment rate 25.6 28.4 Men 39.9 44 Females 10.7 12.9 Part-time (as a% of employees) 11.1 11.9 Men 11.3 11.1 Females 10.3 14.3 Temporary employees (as% of employees) 73 68.8 Meshkuj 73.2 68.9 Femra 72.5 68.7
self employed (as% of employees) 19.8 22.9 Men 22.7 26 Females 8.3 12.8 Unemployment rate (%) 30.9 30 40
Men 28.1 26.9 MP KOSOVAMP 2013
Females 40 38.8 The unemployment rate among young people (% of the age group 15-24) 55.3 55.9 Men 52 50.4 Females 63.8 68.4 Long-term unemployment (12 + months unemployed) 59.8 68.9 Men 59.1 71 Females 61.3 68.9
UJ I
SOURCE : MLSW B3.2. Assessment of needs and the main challenges for employment and vocational training Policy development in the field of employment and vocational training and coordination, monitoring and evaluation of their implementation is done by MESW, respectively by the Division of Labor and Employment and Vocational Training within the Department of Labor and Employment. Public Employment Services (PES) are provided through a network of seven regional employment centers, 23 municipal employment offices, 8 vocational training centers and their 6 mobile units.
Employment Office (EO), has the responsibility to register the unemployed, explore the job market and to provide job seekers with labor market information (including opportunities for migration for work), career counseling and training and to mediate for their employment. Vocational training is offered through eight vocational training centers (VTCs) and 6 mobile units, but also by engaging of other non-public providers in specific cases.
MESW through VTC offers free trainings (based on class and workshops) for over 30 different professions. Besides trainings offered by VTC, schools for vocational training offer various trainings for adults in different profiles which are offered for regular students also. The maximum duration of the program is 3 months. Vocational schools are allowed to charge participants for these programs in accordance with conditions regulated by the MEST. In addition to the training provided by the public sector, the non-profit sector and the private sector provide such trainings also. Trainings of the private sector are focused mainly in the IT courses, business management, accounting and auditing.
As has happened in the region, in Kosovo are also being established the private employment agencies, including specialized recruitment websites to provide services for job vacancies, recruitment services and temporary employment. National Qualifications Authority (NQA) has the overall responsibility on the
National Qualifications Framework (NQF) by ensuring the compliance with the European Qualifications Framework, establishment of criteria and processes for the approval of proposed qualifications for involvement in CCC, accreditation of VET providers and quality assurance in accredited institutions. 41
MP KOSOVAMP 2013
Vacancies by Sector
During 2013, concerning the classic classification of economic sectors, as in previous years, most of the vacancies offered refer to the tertiary sector (services, 70%), and followed by the secondary sector (production, 21%) and the primary sector (agriculture, 9%).
GRAPH17: VACANCIES SECTOR FOR 12 MONTHS, 2013
Fig.11:Vendet e lira sipas sektorit për 12 muaj
70% 2013 21% 9%
56% 2012 32% 12%
67% 2011 28% 5% Terciar Sekondar Primar
SOURCE: MLSW Tertiary sector shows a modest increase in the number of job vacancies reported during this reporting period from 56% as it was in 2012 to 70% in domestic sources 2013. While the secondary sector shows declining value of 32% as it was in 2012 to 21% during the year. Same primary sector showed a decrease of 12% as last year was 9% for 2013.
Employments by Sector
Mediation in Employments by economic sectors confirm the developments related to job vacancies found from the job market research which is done by the employment advisors. Regarding the employment in the tertiary sector (services) in 2013 represent an increase of 63.3% in this reporting year compared with 2012 with 56.9%.
GRAPH18: EMPLOYMENTS BY SECTOR FOR 12 MONTHS, 2013
Fig.17: Punësimet sipas Sektorit për 12 muaj
63.3% 2013 22.7% 14.0%
56.9% 2012 27.6% 15.5%
63.0% 2011 32.4% 4.6% Terciar Sekondar Primar 42
SOURCE :MLSW MP KOSOVAMP 2013
The secondary sector (manufacturing) marked a sharp decline from the previous year of 27.6% to 22.7% during the second 2013. The share of all employment that refer to the primary sector during this reporting year show a decline from 15.5% as it was in 2012 in 14.0% for 2013 (see graph.18).
The average salary in Kosovo
Wage growth is an element that is discussed every day and the study of the average salary in Kosovo as part of this research has been a challenge, considering that the salaries determine also the work as an act that relates the employer and employee in terms of employment relationship.
The study will focus on the trend of increasing of the wages, for the reason that this growth is often made only after pressure of the workers syndicate and not as a result of necessary growth due to increased market prices.
GRAPH19: AVARAGE SALARY, 2012 - 2013
350 € 346 € 345 € 340 € 335 € 330 € 327 € 325 € 320 € 315 € v 2012 v 2013
SOURCEI:MLSW
The research, which was conducted for the needs of the labor market in the entire territory of Kosovo, has covered 1,480 enterprises, respectively employers representing about 19,962 employees. Average salary on a Country‟s scale each year marks a slight increase, when considering the comparative method from year to year showing the positive trend of growth. The main factor of this growth of the average salary comes as a result of economic progress especially last year where investments in infrastructure, growth of the construction sector, agriculture and energy have been among the highest in recent years. This significant increase is noticed, if we compare 2011 with 2013, where it reaches the level of more than 5.8%.The average salary for employees in Kosovo is reached by around 346 €.
If we compare this average to the year 2011 then the difference is 5.82%, which means that from 2010 as it was 292 €, in 2011 has been 327 € or growth was approximately 12%, while for 2013 is 346 euros for 5.8%
increase.
43 MP KOSOVAMP 2013
B3.3.Multiple needs for social protection The social protection system in Kosovo is relatively closed social network for people in need. It consists of social security, social (monetary) transfers in form of targeted social assistance, other small categorical programs and social assistance in the form of social and family services and family.
Benefit programs in Kosovo (pensions and social protection schemes) according to estimates of MLSW cover over 300,000 persons what means about 15% of the population have access to one of the social payment schemes managed by MLSW.
With the high level of poverty, and high level of unemployment, development and expansion of social protection network is essential in order to enable to the poor and vulnerable families better management of the socio-economic risk. In Kosovo, the main tool for this is the Social Assistance Scheme (SAS). Pensions and in particular the basic pension scheme also play an important role in poverty alleviation. Various pension and social protection schemes are an important source of incomes for families, particularly for those with low incomes. Remittances from abroad (remittances) also continue to have a very important role for households and significant effect in reducing poverty.
The table below provides a simplified illustration of social protection system in Kosovo, including the number of beneficiaries in each of them and the costs of the scheme for 2012:
TABLE10: SOCIAL PROTECTION SYSTEM IN KOSOVO, SCHEMES, NUMBER OF BENEFICIARIES AND EXPENSES, 2012
The number of The amount of Protection social relating to schemes beneficiaries in benefits in 2012 2012 (EUR million) Basic pension contributions 147,765 111.25 Pensions and disability benefits 21,965 15.72 Early retirement of KPC and Trepca 4,641 4.67 War Invalids Benefits 13,232 6.61 Social assistance 31,111 27.39 Labor Market and the puerperium 8,818 3.95
SOURCE: MLSW
In order to improve the living conditions, poverty alleviation, solving social and economic problems of citizens in social need are set up and the schemes that are functional are: Social Assistance Scheme, Emergency scheme, Support Scheme for families with Children with Disabilities, Basic Pension Scheme – for
the ol age, -Contributory Pension Scheme,Pensioners Scheme of Trepca,Pension Scheme of KPC, Pensioners Scheme for People with Disabilities,Scheme of Martyrs' Families, War Invalids and Civilian Victims.
Social Assistance Scheme 44
MP KOSOVAMP 2013
Through this scheme it is aimed the alleviation of poverty.The scheme is public, universal and financed by public funds. Social Assistance Scheme in Kosovo, for the first time was presented in the year 2000 and was revised in 2003 and 2012. This scheme was set up in order to protect and care for the families endangered in social and economic aspect.
Scheme of children with permanent disabilities 1-18 years
Based on Law no.03/L-022 for support to families who have children with permanent disabilities, MLSW through DSW has continued with the implementation of Scheme for families who have children with permanent disabilities, with material compensation in the amount of 100 € monthly for a child.
Also Family Housing - is an alternative form of protection of children without parental care for abandoned, children of parents prevented of the parental duty, endangered, neglected and abused children without shelter who are placed in foster families.
There are two forms of foster care: 1.) Foster care by relatives or relatives who voluntarily accept supervision of children without parental care, and 2.) Foster care outside the family that realized by families who have no relations with the children.
Foster care to relatives- for children without parental care and are accommodated at their relatives, are 575 children with material compensation that is 75- € per month. And Family Housing Alternative / outside family for abandoned babies after birth, neglected, abused children, and the children of the parents prevented from exercising the parental duty that are temporarily accommodated in the trained and assessed families by SWC, who have no family ties with family, payment is 150 € per month for one child plus 75€ the initial payment upon placement. Currently at this shelter are 77 children.
Basic Pension Scheme of - the old age
It is a general scheme, noncontributing, funded by the Kosovo Budget. It is conceived as a fixed monthly fee, for all citizens of Kosovo, over 65 years, regardless of whether they have previously worked or not, and whether they realize pensions from abroad.
The Contributory Pension Scheme
Contributions paid pensions were intended for persons who have reached 65 years of age and who show that they have been employed for over 15 years. According to MLSW, these pensions are using 34.722 pensioners, who receive 112 euros per month and now with the recent rise, they receive 140 euros per month.
Pension of Trepca only intended for underground mining miners, who have not yet reached the age of 65
years. It started to be implemented from January 2003. During 2003/2004 the monthly amount of this pension
was 40 euros, while from 2005 until now it was 50 euros per month. But with the recent growth it is with 50 % increase for a miner. These pensions currently are using 3.913 miners.
45 MP KOSOVAMP 2013
Pensions of former KPC are using 728 persons. The minimum payment is 100 euros while the maximum is 347, according to official military rank and the degree of determination.
Pensioners Scheme for People with Disabilities
This pension or financial support is provided to adults over the age of 18 years or less than 65 years who are fully disabled and unable to work.This pension are using 18,427 people, in the amount of 45 euros, then 60 euros, and now with increase in 2014, 75 euros per month.
Scheme of Martyrs' Families, War Invalids and Civilian Victims
The scheme is aimed at providing benefits for categories of citizens who have suffered from maltreatments and the war that happened during 1998/99 in Kosovo.
Currently benefiting from this scheme are over 13.196 persons. In this scheme, we have some classifications of beneficiaries as: war invalids, civilian invalids of war, martyrs‟ families who have missing persons, war invalids caretakers, etc.
46 MP KOSOVAMP 2013
B4. Human capital B4.1. Degree / level of education The education system in Kosovo is being reformed, and these processes have affected every level of his. Besides educational programs such as the drafting of the New Curriculum of Kosovo, which is in the pilot stage (this year included 114 schools in the pilot), reform has included the form of organization of institutions. In Kosovo, in addition to public schools and colleges, there are also private institutions for all levels of education. The illiteracy rate in Kosovo according to the data from the population census was 3.85%.
TABLE11: EDUCATION LEVEL OF THE POPULATION EXPRESSED IN PERCENTAGE, 2011/2012, 2012/2013 AND 2013/2014
Primary and Before Secondary 2011/12 Preschool lower University Primary High secondary Females 47.60% 48.20% 48.40% 46% 53% Men 52.40% 51.80% 41.60% 54% 47% 2012/13 Females 53.20% 48.90% 48.20% 46% 49.50% Men 46.80% 51.10% 51.80% 54% 50.50% 2013/14 Females 52.50% 49.20% 46.70% 46.60% 49.30% Men 47.50% 50.80% 53.30% 53.40% 50.70%
SOURCE : MEST
TABLE12: PERCENTAGE OF INCLUSION IN EDUCATION SYSTEM BY LEVELS, 2011- 2014
Primary and Before Secondary Year Preschool lower University Primary High secondary 2011/12 4.22% 1.10% 61.50% 22.26% 11%
2012/13 4.30% 1.14% 61% 22.10% 11.40%
2013/14 4.27% 1.15% 62% 22% 10.60%
SOURCEI : MEST
Ministry of Education, Science and Technology possesses Management Information System on Education
(EMIS), through which provides data for total number of students involved at all levels of pre-university, starting from the 0 - including preschool education, Primary level - grades 1-5, lower secondary level - grades 6-9 and upper secondary level - grades 10-12 (since 2013/14 school year was the Last year where within the 47
education system in Kosovo has also functioned the 13th grade). MP KOSOVAMP 2013
Also, the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology has an ongoing collaboration with the Statistical Agency of Kosovo to provide data for general census population and birth registration, in order to do a good planning for registration of students in the first elementary grade.
B4.2. The ability to access the educational system In Kosovo, no person shall be denied the right to education. Pre university education is a responsibility shared between parents, educational and training institutions, municipalities and government, according to the functions and duties, prescribed by the relevant law. All bodies involved in the provision of pre-university education should plan and provide efficient, effective, flexible, comprehensive and professional services designed to provide to all the children equal rights to education, in accordance with their skills and their specific needs, as well as to advance their social and educational development. During the planning, management and implementation of pre-university education system, MEST, municipalities, educational and training institutions should take into account international norms adopted for education for all, children's rights, and protection of vulnerable groups in society and for gender equality promotion.
Secondary vocational education, which means vocational schools, as the primary goal have the preparation of students for the job market and operates according to the Law on Education and vocational training and adults education, and NQF (National Qualifications Framework). This education provides the opportunity to apply for higher studies also, such as university. In this area we have numerous advances, including the establishment of the Agency for Education, Vocational Training and Adult Education.
Advances have been made in the professional development of teachers through numerous trainings and through ATP program (Advancing of teachers qualifications), and within two years each teacher over the age of 50 years shall possess at least a bachelor's degree. Also, equipping of teachers with the licenses is an important step in this direction.
In the professional development of teachers MEST has invested continuously, has organized programs in ATP (Advancing of Teacher Qualifications)in collaboration with the Faculty of Education has also accredited 13 training programs and five NGO organizations. A software program is provided for the establishment of licensing data; during 2013 were licensed 20,530 teachers. Among the most important, trainings are trainings on the implementation of the new curriculum ECDL and the training with “Base in school ".
B4.3. Access to higher education Higher Education offers study opportunities for all persons within or outside the territory of Kosovo, without any discrimination (national, racial, religious, gender). Now there are 6 public universities within the territory
of the Republic of Kosovo, as well as 25 private colleges. Each of these institutions of higher education being public or private, offer study programs accredited by the Accreditation Agency of Kosovo. There is no age limit to register or to gain higher education qualifications in Kosovo. The total number of students in Private
Higher Education (accredited by AAK) in the academic year 2012/2013 there were 10,195 students. Payment 48
of the semester is brought from 400 € to 500 € (except AUK, where price ranges up to 2500 dollars). MP KOSOVAMP 2013
Within the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology operates NARIC center, which makes the equivalence of higher education degrees obtained abroad.
Higher education can be followed on a regular, part-time, through distance learning and the combination of any of these modes of study, as provided in the statutes of the respective institutions that offer higher education qualifications.
In the case when a certificate for completion of a school in another state is presented, recognition, except in exceptional cases, will be made only for the certificate showing the completion of at least 12 years of education, and that gives the right to its holder to apply in college or to enter the university entrance test in the respective foreign country.
B4.5.The shortcomings and challenges of the education sector Vocational training and knowledge acquired through higher education are important factors in generating jobs and creating a welfare state and society.
Despite the efforts made in recent years, the education system in Kosovo still does not address the educational needs and training needs of the youngest population in Europe, which results in high numbers of unemployed young people without skills or qualifications required by growing and developing economy. The system is burdened by the sheer number of population in urban areas resulting from the rapid migration from rural areas.
Access is uneven as a result of the huge contrast between schools in terms of quality. In management education there is a profound gender gap. Although there are more women teaching in primary level, there are very few women appointed as director or educational official at the municipal level
We have an evident decrease of drop-out rates at all levels of pre university education. Thus, in the school year 2012/13 at levels 1 and 2 (grades 1-9) dropout rate is 0.12%, while the 3rd level (grades 10-13) dropout rate is 0.82% (source data MEST, EMIS).
During 2013 (January-June) through the Department of Inspection 6.824 documents are verified for students who want to attend school outside of the Republic of Kosovo, while 1091 requests were submitted for Verification of pre-university education documents (from different countries of the world) during 2013.
49 MP KOSOVAMP 2013
PART C: ABALYSIS OF MIGRATION SITUATION IN THE COUNTRY / STATE Factors that encourage migration are often intertwined and complex, and in the case of Kosovo these factors have changed over the time and depending on the internal and external context of Kosovo.
Immigration
- Push factors
- As demonstrated by applications for visas, unstable political situation in the Middle East countries and from Africa have brought as effect the reduction of capabilities of the police of these countries to ban immigration from their states,
- Armed conflicts as the one in Syria has driven the search for ways to get out of these places.
- Pull factors
- The geographical position of Kosovo, part of SEE and land borders with Albania, Montenegro, Macedonia and Serbia, can be seen by immigrants, as a transit country for European Union countries of Central Europe;
- Many people choose to come for reunion with other persons of the family who may be employed in Kosovo or for the reason of marriage with the citizens of Kosovo. Family reunion as noted by statistics is a growing push factor;
- As a result of improving the overall climate for doing business in Kosovo is increasing the number of applications for permanent residence from Turkey, China and India.
Emigration
- Push factors
- Kosovo's economic imbalances compared with the developed countries of the EU;
- Unemployment and low salaries offered by private business and public administration in Kosovo;
- The situation of the ongoing ethnic conflict in Kosovo which culminated in armed conflict in 1998- 1999, has been a booster dominant factor in the past for those who have emigrated and who still live abroad.
- Pull factors
- Geographical distance with the destination country where there is a support from thousands of Kosovars who live and work in EU countries, mostly in Germany and Switzerland;
- Greater opportunities for employment, education and social assistance to children eg. in Sweden; 50
- Perceived opportunities for legalization of residency documents in a quick and easy way. MP KOSOVAMP 2013
In comparison to the last year there have been changes in the dynamics of push and pull factors for migration as: improving of the doing business climate, increasing of family reunification and reducing of the dominance of propellant factor related to ethnic conflict in previous years.
C2.Immigration C2.1. Visa Regime Since July of 2013, the Republic of Kosovo applies the visa system for 87 different countries of the world. According to the Government Decision dated May 8, 2013, complemented with the Decision dated 29 November 2013, nationals from the countries listed in the table 47 (Statistical Annex for complementary table) are exempted from visa regime for entry, transit and residence in the territory of the Republic of Kosovo for up to 90 days, for a period of six months from the date of first the entry. Moreover, according to the Governments Decision, certain categories are exempted from the need to obtain an entry visa to Kosovo. Those categories are:
Nationals of countries for whom Kosovo applies visa regime but who have valid biometric residence permit issued by one states of Schengen Area, also holders of a valid multi-entry visa to Schengen are freed from the need to obtain a visa to enter, transit and stay in Kosovo. Their stay within Kosovo is limited to 15 days.
Nationals of the Member States of the EU member states of the Schengen zone, The Holy See, the Principality of Andorra, Principality of Monaco, Republic of San Marino, Republic of Albania, Montenegro, and the Republic of Serbia are permitted to enter, transit and stay up to 90 days for a period of six (6) months, with biometric ID cards valid.
Holders of diplomatic and official passports issued by the Russian Federation states, People's Republic of China, Egypt, Indonesia, and Ukraine are allowed to enter transit and stay up to 15 days in Kosovo.
Holders of valid travel documents issued by the administration of specific regions of the People's Republic of China: Hong Kong and Macao, are exempt from the need to obtain a visa.
Holders of travel documents issued by Taiwan are exempt from the need to apply for a visa as long as they notify in advance the diplomatic / consular mission in Kosovo.
When valid travel documents issued under the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees (1951) and the Convention on the Status of Stateless Persons (1954) as well as valid travel documents for foreigners, are
issued by member states of the EU and the Schengen Area, and the United States of America, Canada, Australia, Japan, New Zealand, then their holders are freed from the need to obtain a Kosovo visa to enter, transit, and stay in Kosovo for up to 15 days.
51 MP KOSOVAMP 2013
Holders of travel documents (Laissez-Passer) issued by the UN, NATO, OSCE, Council of Europe and European Union, are exempted from the procedures for visa equipment to enter the country regardless of their nationality.
Applications for entry visa to Kosovo and the number of visas issued
During the period July-December 2013 Kosovo entry visas are issued only at the General Consulate in Istanbul. In exceptional cases, a number of visas are issued in PKK as well. From January 2014 the visa system will be operational in most diplomatic and consular missions in Kosovo and will stretch far and wide.
During the period July-December 2013, 359 applications were received for entry visa to Kosovo, of which lead the visa applications intended to visit family (32,9%), then study visas (invitations to participate in trainings, seminars, summer universities – 20,7%), official visas (by invitation of state bodies and international organizations accredited in Kosovo - 17.2%), business visas (invitations from non-governmental organizations, private businesses - 16.8%) and tourism visas (8.7%).Of the total number of visa applications, 325 (or 90.5% of total applications) entry visas were issued and 34 requests (9.5%) have been rejected.
GRAPF20: REQUIREMENTS FOR ENTRY VISA TO KOSOVO, BY STATES, 2013
90 81 80 70 60 47 50 40 29 30 20 18 20 13 12 10 10 9 10 0
SOURCEI :MFA
Highest percentage of refusals for entry visa to Kosovo have the citizens of Syria (31,9%), Iraq (22.2%) and Egypt (20%), whereas the highest percentage of approved visa have the Afghanistan nationals (100%), China (100%), Ukraine (100%), Iran (100%) and Libyan (98.7%). The reason for a high percentage of visa refusals for citizens of Syria, Iraq and Egypt is explained by the incomplete visa documentation (applicants have not been to argument the purpose and reason of the planned trip to Kosovo).On the other hand, a high percentage of visa approvals for the above mentioned states derive due to the reason of visa application in Kosovo, where we mainly have to do with official or business visits (with corresponding invitations).
52 MP KOSOVAMP 2013
GRAPH21: NUMBER OF VISAS ISSUED IN PKK, JULY-DECEMBER 2013
30
22 17 12
4 3
Korrik Gusht Shtator Tetor Nentor Dhjetor
SOURCE :MFA
In CCP were issued 88 visas or 27.1%.This high number of visas issued in CCP can be justified by the fact that persons who have received visas at the border(mainly with formal invitation from local and international institutions) have had planned visits in Kosovo and have not been able to apply for a visa (Chart 21).
C2.2. Foreigners who stay in Kosovo and the type of immigrants
Residence permits issued to foreigners by citizenship, residence permit types and duration
Immigration issues are now regulated by Law no. 04 / L-219 for Foreigners, which entered into force on 5 September 2013.This Law regulates the conditions of entry, movement, residence and employment of foreigners in the territory of the Republic of Kosovo. Although in September 2013 Law no. 04 / L -219 for Foreigners entered into force, it should be noted that the migration data are based on previous Law No. 04 / L-069.Law for Foreigners includes all matters relating to foreigners starting from entrance , movement and their stay in the Republic of Kosovo and addresses to all relevant institutions dealing with this field. According to Law on Foreigners (Article 37) there are three types of stay: stay up to ninety (90) days, temporary residence and permanent residence.
Temporary residence permits
During 2013 a total of 2,592 claims have been filed to the Commission for examination of Requests for a temporary residence permit (including requests for extension of residence permit).Of this number 2,479 were positive decisions (401 decisions without setting the duration, which have not been accepted yet by the parties
- until 12.31.2013)6, 25 decisions have been negative, 88 requests pending decision.
Consequently, for 2013 were approved 95.6% of the total number of applications for temporary residence permits, 1.0% were rejected, in procedure were 3.4% and positive decisions without setting the length 15.30%
53
6 2078 persons are divided by category while 401 persons are not included in the table. MP KOSOVAMP 2013
(from the number of positive decisions).Of the total number of positive decisions for a temporary residence permit, as required, are granted: family reunification - 46.0%, Labor - 33.0%, Studies - and other 6.0% - 15.0%. Whereas by the data from the total number of temporary resident permits in 2013, leads the female gender with 52% (1082) compared with the masculine with 48% (996).
GRAPH22: ISSUANCE OF TEMPORARY RESIDENCE PERMITS BY CATEGORIES, 2011 - 2013
1200
1000 962 893
800 728 691 679
600 518
400 309 260 281 166 200 128 51
0 B. familjar Punësim Studim Arsye të tjera
2011 2012 2013
SOURCE : DCAM-MIA
From the data of the total number of temporary residential permits of the year 2013 (2078) compared to 2012 (1866) there is an increase with 11.4% while in comparison with 2011 (1722) there is an increase of 20.7%.
GRAPH23: ISSUANCE OF TEMPORARY RESIDENCE PERMITS, COMPARISON OF 2012 - 2013
1200
1000 962 728 800 691
600 679 400 309 166 200 281
0 128 B. familjar Punësim Studim Arsye të tjera
2012 2013
54
SOURCE: DCAM/MIA MP KOSOVAMP 2013
It is evident that the trend of increased issuance of residence permits in 2013 compared with 2012 is most notable in the category of "Family reunification" (39.20%) followed by the category "Other"7 (9.50%) while decreasing the category "Work" (-7.20%) while at the category "Research" (-29.69%) was noted a significant decrease.
GRAPH24: ISSUANCE OF A TEMPORARY RESIDENT PERMITS BY TIME PERIODS, 2013
1000 924 900
800
700 622 3-6 muaj 600 6-12 muaj 500
400 291 300
200 121 100 36 45 2 12 7 0 18 0 0 B. familjar Punësim Studim Arsye të tjera
SOURCE: DCAM/MIA Issuance of temporary residence permits in 2013, for at least 6 months but less than 12 months is dominant with 94% of the total number. This time period seems to be more acceptable for all activities related to work, which on the other hand are linked to family reunification, study, and other.
One of the main reasons for the growing number of temporary resident permits in total is due to the increasing number of family reunification. In this increase is thought to have contributed the family reunification of foreigners who work in Kosovo as are marriages, economic development associated with the growth of foreign investment.
55
7 cultural, sport and religious activities are inclouded in the category "other" MP KOSOVAMP 2013
GRAPH25: ISSUANCE OF TEMPORARY RESIDENCE PERMITS BY STATES, 2013
600 565
500 398 400 372 278 300
200 147 127 100 57 43 40 26 25
0
Tjera
SERBE
TURKE
KINEZE
BULLGARE
FILIPINASE
GJERMANE
AMERIKANE
TAILANDEZE
SHQIPETARE MAQEDONASE
SOURCE :MIA/DCAM Regarding granting of temporary residence permits for foreigners based on states, leads Turkey, Albania, Serbia and Macedonia. Of the total number, leads Turkey with 34%, followed by Albania and Serbia with 22% to 16%, of the total number of residential permits granted.
Permanent residence permit
In September of 2013 began the issuance of permanent resident permits, by the end of 2013 a total of 20 requests were received, of which 19 are approved, while one application is refused. The numbers of applications submitted are by these countries China (7), Turkey (5), India (2), Greece (2), Albania (1), Israel (1) Pakistan (1) and the USA (1).
ID cards for foreigners
According to the data of Civil Registration Agency, Department for Production of Documents, in 2013 a total of 1457 ID cards for temporary residence permit for foreigners were produced , that in comparison with 2012 has increased (in 2013 there were more)140 % (605) while the comparison between 2012 and 2011 there was an increase (in 2012 there were more) 20% (5
05).The reason for the increase in 2013 was due the non-production of the corresponding documents for a period of 6 months due to preparatory procedures that enabled the production of documents at the biometric level. The Reason for non-compliance of residence permit decisions and production of ID cards for foreigners
is that the minor aged foreigners are not provided with identity card for foreigners.
Regarding Travel Document for foreigners and Travel Document with the Convention of the 28 July 1951 we can say that for these documents there is a design but there is still no request accepted for their issuance.
56 MP KOSOVAMP 2013
GRAPH26: IDENTITY CARDS FOR FOREIGNERS ISSUED BY YEAR,2009 - 2013
1600 1457 1400 1250 1200 1000 800 605 505 600 434 400 200 0
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
SOURCE :CRA Employment of foreign nationals 8
Procedures for issuing work permits for foreign nationals who wish to work in the Republic of Kosovo is regulated by the Law Nr. 13 / L-136 on Provision of Work Permit and Employment of Foreign Nationals in the Republic of Kosovo and Administrative Instruction Nr. 05/2010 for Regulation of procedures for Work permits and Employment of Foreign Nationals in the Republic of Kosovo.
However, during 2013 was approved the Law on Foreigners, which regulates the issue of sustainability and work permits for foreign nationals. With this law are abbreviated the procedures for equipping foreign nationals with work and residence permits, the process is more simple and the time for obtaining permission is faster. This law enters into force in 2014.
Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare based on the old law by the end of 2013 has issued a total of 1,614 work permits by type.
TABLE13: WORK PERMITS BY TYPE, 2013
Types of Permits Total Percentage "A" (granted for foreigners for a period of time not longer than six months) 27 1.70% “B” (granted to foreigners to be employed in a certain profession, in a geographical 1396 86.50% area and given to aa specific employer for a period of one year) “D” (self-employment work permit is granted for a period of one year) 7 0.40% “F” (given to foreign persons in Kosovo studying for the uschool year) 1 0.10% “G"(Given to foreigners who invest for a period of one year) 58 3.60%
"Exclusion" (Exemption from liability "- was given for a period of one year) 125 7.70% Total 1614 100%
57
8 Source - MESW MP KOSOVAMP 2013
SOURCE: MLSW
Of the total number of work permits issued by MLSW, the largest number of work permits was given to Turk nationals with 49.7%, followed by Albanians from Albania with 18.3%, Macedonia 6.6% (see graf.27)
GRAPH27: EMPLOYMENT OF FOREIGN NATIONALS IN KOSOVO, BY PERCENTAGES AND STATES, 2013
BURIMI :MPMS
SOURCE: MLSW C2.2. Foreigners who have acquired and have been denied citizenship of the Republic of Kosovo Law No. 04 / L-215 for Citizenship of Kosovo, determines the ways of acquisition, Loss, and regaining the citizenship of the Republic of Kosovo and regulates other matters related to the citizenship of the Republic of Kosovo. This law consists of 35 articles in total. In Article 5 are defined the criteria for Acquisition of Citizenship of the Republic of Kosovo: by birth, by adoption, by naturalization, based on international agreements and under Articles 31 and 32 of this Law.
With regard to the acquisition of citizenship, some requests are made by persons originating from Kosovo. Kosovo citizenship law which regulates the conditions for the acquisition, loss or regaining of citizenship was changed in 2011 and 2013. As a result these changes have caused some facilitation for granting citizenship to persons originating from Kosovo. The law included provisions which allow stateless people to acquire citizenship of Kosovo by respecting legal procedures.
Application procedures for acquisition of citizenship
Submission of the request for acquisition citizenship is done personally by the applicant at the civil
registration Municipal office where the applicant had the last residence; also the submission of the request for acquisition of citizenship can be done in diplomatic/ consular missions9. In addition to the request shall be attached the supporting documents required by the instructions, depending by the profit criterion which is
58 9 Diplomatic and consular missions: Germany (Berlin, Frankfurt, Stuttgart), Austria, Sweden, Holland, Bulgaria, Turkey (Ankara,
Istanbul), Switzerland, Slovenia, USA, Croatia. KOSOVAMP 2013
being applied. Civil registration office in the respective municipality and diplomatic/ consular missions - after the application, submit the files to the MIA, respectively Citizenship Division10.
From a total of 667 claims submitted for acquisition of citizenship in 2013, of which 124 are positive decisions (62 females and 62 males)and 372 are rejection or negative decisions (190 females and 182 males),Based on these data we can see that the number of rejections is significantly higher than the positive decisions, this is due to not meeting the criteria required by the legislation in force as : legitimate residence in Republic of Kosovo and inconsistency of data (for the Diaspora cases)11.
GRAPH28: POSITIVE DECISIONS FOR ACQUISITION OF CITIZENSHIP BY GENDER, 2009 - 2013 300 155 250
200 106
150 59 123 62 100 55 89 62 50 58 40
0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Mashkuj Femra
SOURCE : DCAM-MIA
In graph 28 having as a reference the period of time 2009 to 2013, we see a significant decrease of acquisition of citizenship in 2013, while an upward trend we had in the year 2011, with more than in other years, also based on the data we see in figure, females gender lead in all years. The main reason is that as the number of requests for acquiring citizenship under family reunification is greater, in this case referring to the law of Citizenship where the criteria for eligibility for citizenship is 3-10 years, in Article 11 it is mentioned the naturalization of the husband / wife which is up to 3 years, while in Article 10 is the naturalization of foreign persons up to 10 years.
10 59 The statistical data for 2013 stem from the Law on Citizenship No.04 / L-034 and Supplementation amending the Law No. 04 / L- 059 and Law on Citizenship No. 04 / L-215
11 There are also other reasons of rejection but are small in comparison with the two reasons mentioned above. MP KOSOVAMP 2013
GRAPH29: POSITIVE DECISIONS FOR PROFIT CITIZENSHIP BY AGE GROUP, 2012 - 2013
89 78
62 2012 46 2013
22 4 15 1 1 1 0 0 0 0-5 6-13 14-17 18-34 35-64 >=65 Tjera
SOURCE : DCAM-MIA
Figures above show that the volume of persons who have acquired citizenship of the Republic of Kosovo in 2012 was greater than in 2013, where in 2012 of 195 persons female gender leads by 8.7% more than males, while in 2013 there were 124 persons who have acquired citizenship, so here we have an equal number, 62 males and 62 females. As a result the number of individuals who acquire citizenship of the Republic of Kosovo is greater than those of the family.
GRAPH30: POSITIVE DECISIONS FOR ACQUISITION OF CITIZENSHIP BY AGE GROUP, 2009 - 2013
140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 0-5 6-13 14-17 18-34 35-64 66+ 2009 3 1 1 43 41 6 2010 1 1 2 39 65 9 2011 3 10 4 101 133 27 2012 1 1 4 89 78 22 2013 0 0 1 62 46 15
SOURCE : DCAM - MIA In terms of age groups shown in the figure above we see that in all the years (2009-2013) the age group 18-34
(334 or 41.3%) and 35-64 (363 or 44.9%) is growing, followed by the age group over 66 (79 or 9.8%) years.
60 MP KOSOVAMP 2013
GRAPH31:POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE DECISIONS FOR ACQUISITION OF CITIZENSHIP BY PREVIOUS CITIZENSHIP,2013
250 235
200
150 113 101 100
50 12 10 6 3 0 4 0 4 0 3 0 3 2 0 SHQIPTARE TURKE SERBE BOSHNJAK MALI I ZI SUDANEZ BULGAR TE TJERË
Vendime pozitive Vendime negative
SOURCE : DCAM-MIA According to statistics, in the figure above ,it is shown that people with Albanian citizenship lead with decisions for acquisition of citizenship with (113 or 91.2%),these data are followed by persons with Turkish citizenship (6 or 25%),while if we make comparisons with previous years this year we see that people with previous Serbian citizenship suffered a decline.
C2.3 Irregular immigrants Law no. 04 / L-219 for foreigners regulates the entry, movement, residence and employment of foreigners in the territory of the Republic of Kosovo. This law includes all matters relating to foreigners from the moment of entry, movement and their stay in the Republic of Kosovo and addresses all relevant institutions dealing with this field. Law for Foreigners, Chapter III regulates the entry and departure of foreigners, Article 31 Conditions for entry of foreigner in the Republic of Kosovo, Article 32 Refusal of entry of a foreigner in the Republic of Kosovo, Chapter V regulates illegal residence, return and expulsion of foreigners (Articles 93- 99), Border Police fully implements the laws applicable to foreigners in Kosovo through the control of entrance, movement and residence of foreigners in the territory of the Republic of Kosovo.
The Border Police is one of the five departments of the police of the Republic of Kosovo. Border Police is responsible for the management and control of borders against irregular migration and migrant smuggling. Border Police cooperates and interacts with bodies that have jurisdiction in matters of asylum, refugees and residence of foreigners, in order to achieve effective control and management of migration, and supervise the
border crossing points, the green and blue.
Criteria for categorization and standardization of border crossing points are developed by taking into
61 consideration the evaluation of internal and external factors and on the basis of interstate agreements
(international agreements). This categorization is based on the current situation, as well as in meeting EU MP KOSOVAMP 2013
standards, such as: The circulation of people and goods, Cross-border crime, Migration and asylum and the presence of authorized agencies in the integrated management and state border control (IBM).
Defining of the border crossing point‟s categories is done with the decision of the Government of the Republic of Kosovo based on the recommendation of the Executive Board for IBM and in accordance with bilateral agreements with neighboring states. Where required by the Executive Board for IBM, it can be proposed the change of names and categorization of these border crossing points. Border crossing points of the road, rail and air transport according to their importance and activity, are categorized into three categories:
- Category A: BCP in category A are open 24 hours and serve for circulation of persons, vehicles and goods. In these BCP, are constantly present BP (Border Police), KC (Kosovo customs) and AUV (Food and Veterinary Agency).
- Category B: BCP in category B are open 24 hours and serve for circulation of persons and vehicles and non- commercial goods. In these BCP (BCP), PK (border police) is present 24 hours, while KC (Kosovo Customs) and AUV (Food and Veterinary Agency) during time intervals determined by bilateral agreements with neighboring states.
Category C: BCP in category C are temporary BCK and are open to certain intervals. These BCK only serve for circulation of people and open in accordance with bilateral agreements with neighboring states. Border Police has the Directorate for Migration and foreigners and regional units for Migration and Foreigners within the three regions East, West, North and Airport. Directorate and regional units have priority irregular migration of foreigners in the Republic of Kosovo.
Foreigners who have been refused entry at the border of the Republic of Kosovo
According to the Law no.04 / L-219 of foreigners, Article 32 and the decision no. 15/158 for the visa regime, foreigners shall be denied entry to the territory of the Republic of Kosovo and a decision shall be issued with the justification regarding the refusal of entry. The graph below shows the refused entry of foreigners in the Republic of Kosovo.
62 MP KOSOVAMP 2013
GRAPH32: THE NUMBER OF FOREIGNERS WHO HAVE BEEN REFUSED ENTRY TO THE PKK R.KOSOVO,2009 - 2013
2500 1911 2000 1838 1396 1466 1449 1500 1000 500 0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
SOURCE : BORDER POLICE DEPARTMENT, AND UNIT OF EVALUATION AND ANALYSIS OF RISK
By Border Police in 2013 were rejected in total 1449 persons. As a hot spot of refusals of entry is the airport as in the entrance were refused altogether 549 persons or 37.89%,in all BCP with Serbia were rejected 440 persons or 30.37%, BCPs in Albania are rejected 271 persons or 18.70%, BCPs in Macedonia are rejected 162 persons or 11.18%,in Montenegro PKK are rejected 27 persons or 1.86%.
GRAPH33: REJECTION OF FOREIGNERS IN BCK (ONLY WITH NEIGHBORING COUNTRIES), BY PERCENTAGE, 2013
PKK me PKK me Maqedoni Malin e Zi në 1.86% 11.18%
PKK me Aeroport Shqiperinë 37.89% 18.70%
PKK me Serbinë 30.37%
SOURCE : BORDER POLICE DEPARTMENT, DEPARTMENT OF ANALYSIS AND RISK ASSESMENT
By all rejected 68.53% of those rejected are from European countries, 18.50% of persons rejected are from Asian countries, 12.63%of those rejected were from African countries while 0.35%, were from America. Most of those rejected by African and Asian countries are rejected pursuant to law on Foreigners and administrative instruction mentioned above.
Citizens of EU countries during of 2013 were refused entry referring to law on Foreigners, and the decision of
the Government for state border crossing, decision no. 15/158 by which decision it is not allowed the border cross without a visa, with non- biometric ID cards, unless biometric issued by countries of the EU or
63 Schengen countries. MP KOSOVAMP 2013
GRAPH34: REFUSAL OF ENTRIES FOR EU CITIZENS, 2012- 2013
120
100 96
80 64 60 55 46 42 36 38 40 32 23 23 21 19 20 11 8 0 0 0 Gjermania Bullgaria Italia Zvicra Rumania Sllovenia Greqia Franca
2012 2013
SOURCE: BORDER POLICE DEPARTMENT, UNIT FOR ANALYSIS AND RISK ASSESMENT
This decision regulates the entry of nationals from 87 countries around the world who before entering the Republic of Kosovo shall be equipped with entry visa in diplomatic and consular missions of the Republic of Kosovo. These citizens may enter the Republic of Kosovo without a visa if they possess a valid multi- entrance Schengen visa. Citizens of other European countries were denied entry because they did not have an entry visa, sufficient sustenance means, they could not justify the purpose of stay and stay conditions. Citizens of neighboring countries such as Albania, Serbia, and Macedonia were refused entry due to lack of valid documents and because of restrictions to enter the Republic of Kosovo.
GRAPH35: REFUZALS OF ENTRY IN BCK BY CONTINENTS, 2013
Amerika, Afrika, 0.35% 12.63%
Azia, 18.50%
Evropa, 68.53%
SOURCE: BORDER POLICE DEPARTMENT, UNIT OF ANALYSIS AND RISK ASSESMENT
64
GRAPH36: REFUSAL OF ENTRY BY CITIZENSHIP (10 MAJOR STATES BY CONTINENTS), 2013 MP KOSOVAMP 2013
Europa - 2013 Azia- 2013 Afrika- 2013
16 Te tjera 11
Te tjera 41 16 Te tjera 13
15 Kirkistanit 3
Franca 8 15 Tunizi 3
14 Palestina 3
Kazakistani 8 14 Sierra Leones 4
13 Arabia Saudite 4
Sllovenia 11 13 Guineja 4
12 Libani 4
Zvicra 19 12 Libia 4
11 Sri Lanka 5
Gjermania 21 11 Mali 4
10 Jemeni 6
Italia 23 10 Sudani 5 9
Rumania 23 Iraku 6 9 Bregu i… 7 8
BiH 28 Afganistani 7 8 Senegali 8 7
Greqia 32 India 12 7 Kongo 10 6
Bullgaria 36 Bangladeshit 12 6 Gambia 17 5
Rusisë 56 Irani 13 5 Egjipti 22 4
Turqia 81 Pakistani 23 4 Algjeria 18 3
Maqedonia 125 Jordania 40 3 Kameruni 19 2
Shqipëria 196 Kina 45 2 Nigeria 21 1 Serbia 285 Siria 74 1 Maroku 24
SOURCE: BORDER POLICE DEPARTMENT, UNIT FOR ANALYSIS AND RISK ASSESMENT
CHART 37: INTRODUCTION TO THE PKK REFUSAL, TOP 10 COUNTRIES – 2013
300 285 250 196 200 150 125 81 100 74 56 45 40 36 50 32 0
SOURCE: BORDER POLICE DEPARTMENT, UNIT FOR ANALYSIS AND RISK ASSESSMENT In the graphs above, to the top 10 states in 2013 and 2012 we can see changes of entry rejections. Serbian citizens are -10%less in 2013 as they were in 2012, citizens of Albania are -12.8%less in 2013 than in 2012, Turkey citizens are declining from -177.7%less in 2013 compared with 2012. Regarding the Macedonian
citizens there was noted an increase in rejection entries for 33% more in 2013 than in 2012.This is due to the fact that these citizens have attempted to enter Kosovo without valid documents.
65 MP KOSOVAMP 2013
GRAPH37: ENTRY REFUSALS IN BCP, TOP 10 STATES - 2012
350 318 300 250 225 213 200 150 94 90 66 65 100 57 55 46 50 0
SOURCE : BORDER POLICE DEPARTMENT, AND UNIT FOR ANALYSIS AND RISK ASSESSMENT
The table below gives the refused entries for 2013, according to the reason for the denial.
TABLE14: INTRODUCTION REASONS FOR REFUSAL, 2013
the Not There is no Alert is purpose Non- Threat to eligible No document / sufficient issued of the compliance of Public for entry other invalid visa means for for entry visit not the stay period Safety in third living refusal justified countries 529 570 19 70 99 17 12 193
SOURCE: BORDER POLICE DEPARTMENT, UNIT FOR EVALUATION AND RISK ANALYSIS
If we compare the total number of persons refused in this table shows a larger number, the reason is that in some cases the persons are rejected not only for one reason. The data are only for 2013 because for the past years there was no special form to record the reasons for the rejection of entries.
Comparing the years 2012 with 2013, refused entries are declining for -39% in 2013, here has influenced the entry into force of the above mentioned laws and larger commitments of the border police to prevent the entry of foreigners in order for Kosovo not to be used as a transit country by people from Turkey and other Asian and African Countries who intend to enter the Republic of Kosovo and then leave through Serbia and Montenegro to Western countries which creates a bad image of Kosovo and in some cases have become victims of trafficking with migrants.
Foreigners caught inside Kosovo
Directorate for Migration and Foreigners is a specialized directorate within the Department of Kosovo Border police, which deals with the treatment of irregular immigrants in the Republic of Kosovo. For the purpose of prevention, identification and detection of irregular migrants, this Directorate conducts various inspections throughout the territory of Kosovo, by doing various checks in those places where it was suspected that there 66 were illegal immigrants, as are different catering businesses, commercial, construction, health, educational
institutions as well as by making vehicle and travelers checkpoints near the border. Based on the Law on KOSOVAMP 2013
Foreigners 04 / L-069, depending on the violation specified in this law, Department for Migration and Foreigners has preceded these cases in the court or has issued an expulsion Order imposed for voluntary return. Expulsion order is an administrative measure defined by the Law for Foreigners No. 03 / L-069, by which the competent authority, in this case the Department of Migration and Foreigners, interrupts the foreigners stay and forces him that within the period of 30 days to voluntarily leave the territory of Kosovo. This measure follows with the ban on re-entry of foreigners in the Republic of Kosovo from 6 months to 1 year. Non-compliance with this provision results that the case of a foreigner to be proceeded at the court.
Analyzing the period 2011-2013, the total number of activities of this Directorate in the identification and apprehension of illegal immigrants in Kosovo has marked continued progress despite the fluctuations that it had. If during 2011 were identified and captured 709 foreigners with irregular status, in 2012 this number is increased for 15% identifying and capturing 817 foreigners with irregular status marking a decrease for 13.5% during 2013 were 720 were identified and captured.
GRAPH38: NUMBER OF INSPECTIONS AND CAPTURES OF THE FOREIGNERS WITH IRREGULAR STAY IN THE REPUBLIC OF KOSOVO, 2009 - 2013
1200 1103 Numri i përgjithshëm i 992 1000 inspektimeve te huajve me status te parregullt 850 817 800 709 720 Numri i përgjithshëm i rasteve te huajve te kapur me status te 600 parregullt 479 482 389 Raste te dërguara ne gjykate 400 320 338 238 200 Urdhër largime
0 2011 2012 2013
SOURCE: DIRECTORATE FOR MIGRATION AND FOREIGNERS, BORDER POLICE
During 2013 a total of 1,103 inspections were conducted which have resulted in the identification and apprehension of 720 foreigners with irregular status, which means 720 irregular immigrants. Of 720 treated cases, 482 were prosecuted in court, while 238 eviction orders were imposed for voluntary return. During 2012 of the 817 treated cases, 479 were treated by the court while the Directorate for Migration and Foreigners imposed 338 eviction Orders for voluntary return, and in 2011 from 709 cases 320 were treated by
the court while for 389 cases were imposed eviction Orders for voluntary return by this department.
67 MP KOSOVAMP 2013
GRAPH39: COMPARISON BETWEEN INSPECTIONS AND THE CAPTIVES WITH IRREGULAR STATUS, 2009 - 2013
1200 1103
1000 850 992 817 800
600 709 720 623 400 276
200 96
0 100 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Inspektime Të kapur me status të parregullt
SOURCE: DIRECTORATE FOR MIGRATION AND FOREIGNERS, BORDER POLICE
GRAPH40: CASES OF FOREIGNERS CAUGHT WITH IRREGULAR RESIDENCE, PROCEEDED TO THE COURT AND EVICTION ORDERS, 2011 - 2013
900 817 800 709 720 700
600 479 482 500 389 400 320 338 300 238 200
100
0 Të hua të kapur me status të parregullt Raste te dërguara ne gjykate Urdhër largime 2011 2012 2013
SOURCE: DIRECTORATE FOR MIGRATION AND FOREIGNERS, BORDER POLICE
Processing of cases of irregular migration in court
Most of the foreign nationals caught illegally staying in the territory have entered legally and then remained in
Kosovo in violation of legal provisions committing offenses as: unlawful stay (stay over 90 days), violation of the order of removal, change the destination to stay, no notice of change of residence, non-continuation of residence permits, etc. These cases were preceded in court, where against these offenders; punitive provisions are imposed as penalty sentences while for more severe cases were imposed measures of deportation or 68
forcible removal of foreign nationals with prohibited entry into the Republic of Kosovo up to 3 years. MP KOSOVAMP 2013
The processing of cases in the courts has marked a continued increase in the three years period. During 2013 482 cases were treated in the court marking an increase of 0.9% compared with 2012, while in 2011 the number of cases was 162 or about 51%more. However, if these statistics were compared to 2009 where 100 cases have been treated, 2013 with 482 treated cases marks an increase of 382%The reason for the identification and larger detection of irregular immigrants consists in performing of a greater number of police inspections of this Directorate, increasing of the cooperation with other police units in particular receiving information from police intelligence, have proved to be successful in the prevention and suppression of illegal immigrants.
GRAPH41: NUMBER OF FOREIGNERS TRAPPED R.KOSOVES TERRITORIES, IRREGULAR CASES LAWSUIT TO THE COURT BY CITIZENSHIP, 2011 - 2013
400 336 350 300 250 234 200 138 150 79 100 58 58 68 50 28 33 26 32 27 32 27 16 14 15 5 13 7 2 5 11 17 0 Shqipëri Bullgaria Moldavia Kinë Maqedonia Turqia Serbi Tjera
2011 2012 2013
SOURCE: DIRECTORATE FOR MIGRATION AND FOREIGNERS, BORDER POLICE
In 2013 the largest number of cases proceeded at the court are foreign nationals from countries in the region such as Albania, Turkey, Bulgaria, Serbia, etc. In terms of gender coverage of irregular immigrants during the years 2011-2013 the percentage of females is always more pronounced, compared to 2009 where the largest number of irregular immigrants were male. So during 2013, 64.5% are female, while 35.5% were male.
69 MP KOSOVAMP 2013
GRAPH42: NUMBER OF FOREIGNERS TRAPPED THE TERRITORY REPUBLIC OF KOSOVO, IRREGULAR CASES LAWSUIT TO THE COURT BY GENDER, 2011 – 2013
450 400 350 396 300 250 313 200 229 150 100 166 50 91 86 0 2011 2012 2013
Mashkullore Femerore
SOURCE : DIRECTORATE FOR MIGRATION AND FOREIGNERS, BORDER POLICE
In 2013, from 482 cases prosecuted in court, 379 were aged 18-34 years or 78.6%, 101 aged 35-64 years or 20.09%, and only 2 cases or 0.5% are over the age of 65 years. As a result, the growth trend is characterized by the age 18-34years old, respectively based on the three years compared we see that this age group constitutes 58% in 2011, 60% in 2012 and 78.6% in 2013.
GRAPH43: NUMBER OF FOREIGNERS CAUGHT WITHIN THE TERRITORY OF THE REPUBLIC KOSOVO IRREGULAR CASES PRECEDED AT THE COURT BY AGE, 2011 - 2013
400 379 350 287 300 250 186 189 200 132 150 101 100 50 2 2 2 0 18-34 35-64 65-
2011 2012 2013
SOURCE: DIRECTORATE FOR MIGRATION AND FOREIGNERS, BORDER POLICE
70 MP KOSOVAMP 2013
Foreigners who have been ordered to forcibly leave the Republic o f Kosovo
Of the cases processed in the court, especially when dealing with cases of illegal staying‟s - stay over 90 days, or not respecting the voluntary removal order, and based on the Law of Foreigners, the court as a competent body, except for the penalties, has pronounced also measures of forced removal or expulsion of foreigners with re-entry ban of up to three years. In such cases, the execution of the final court decision with which the foreigner must leave Kosovo by force, is made by the Department for Migration and Foreigners.
During 2013 from Kosovo are forcibly removed a total of 94 illegal immigrants. From this number 76.6% are female and 32.4% male.
GRAPH44: CASES OF FOREIGN NATIONALS FOR WHICH THE COURT HAS ISSUED AN DEPORTATION ORDER FROM KOSOVO, BY GENDER, 2011 - 2013
80 70 60 72 72 50 40 30 42 20 29 10 22 0 13 2011 2012 2013
Mashkullore Femerore
SOURCE: DIRECTORATE FOR MIGRATION AND FOREIGNERS, BORDER POLICE
Age 18-34 years with 68% is the most expressed age. These data indicate that the removed persons by force are female of the young age, which consists approximately with the total percentage of cases proceeded to court.
71 MP KOSOVAMP 2013
GRAPH45: CASES OF FOREIGN CITIZENS WHO WERE IMPOSED MEASURE OF DEPORTATION FROM KOSOVO BY COURT, BY AGE, 2011 - 2013
70 64 64 60 50 40 34 31 28 30 23 20 10 2 0 0 1 1 2 0 14-17 18-34 35-64 65-
2011 2012 20122
SOURCE: DIRECTORATE FOR MIGRATION AND FOREIGNERS, BORDER POLICE
If we compare 2013 with 2012, when 55 foreigners left by force, 2013 has marked an increase of 39 cases or 71%, but compared to 2011 where 101 foreign nationals, were forcibly removed, in 2013 this trend has marked a decrease of 7%.
With regard to the nationality of the foreigners removed by force lead the regional countries such as Albania, Serbia, Bulgaria, followed by other countries such as Moldova, Turkey etc.
GRAPH46: CASES OF FOREIGN CITIZENS FOR WHOM THE COURT HAS IMPOSED THE MEASURE OF DEPORTATION FROM KOSOVO BY CITIZENSHIP AND PERCENTAGE, 2011 - 2013
80 75 70 60 45 50 Shqipëri 40 34 Tjera 44% 8% 30 23 20 7 6 6 6 6 8 8 10 3 4 3 3 3 3 2 0 0 2 0 2 1
0
Kinë Tjera
Serbi Serbi
Turqia Shqipëri
Bullgaria 23%
Moldavia Maqedonia Bullgaria 2011 2012 2013 Turqia Kinë Moldavia 7% 6% 4% 6%
SOURCE: DIRECTORATE FOR MIGRATION AND FOREIGNERS, BORDER POLICE
72 MP KOSOVAMP 2013
• Foreigners who have been ordered to voluntarily leave the Republic of Kosovo
Removal Order as administrative measure foreseen in the Law for Foreigners was issued to foreigners staying illegally, within 30 days to voluntarily leave the territory of Kosovo. In a decision issued by the Directorate of Migration and Foreigners, is foreseen the deadline to leave the country and the foreigner is obliged that upon his departure to present this document to the border point control. After issuance of the removal order foreigner has no right to re-entry into Kosovo in less than six (6) months and not more than one (1) year. Non- compliance with the voluntary departure order deadline, it results that the case of the foreigner to be proceeded to the Court and in most cases the court has imposed the measure of forced removal or deportation with prohibition of re-entry to 3 years.
GRAPH47: CASES OF IMPOSING OF REMOVAL ORDERS FOR FOREIGNERS CAUGHT WITHIN THE TERRITORY OF KOSOVO BY CITIZENSHIP AND PERCENTAGE, 2011 -2013
300 2011 2012 2013 243 250 198 Shqipëri 195 200 Bulgari 150 Turqi 62% 100 Serbi 46 Moldavi 50 27 32 2625 1813 15 11 13 1115 18 4 6 7 4 7 2 1 1 7 5 1 4 4 6 Kinë 0 12% Maqedoni
6% 7% Ukraina Rumani 1% Tjera 2% 3% 2% 2% 3%
SOURCE : DIRECTORATE FOR MIGRATION AND FOREIGNERS, BORDER POLICE
During 2013, after the issuance of the relevant order from Kosovo, a total of 238 irregular immigrants have left voluntarily. Of this number 86.5% or 206 were female immigrants while 32 were male or 13.5% irregular immigrants, the age 18-34 years with 74.3%, is the more expressed age.
73 MP KOSOVAMP 2013
GRAPH48: CASES OF REMOVAL ORDERS FOR FOREIGNERS CAUGHT WITHIN THE TERRITORY R.KOSOVES BY AGE, 2011 - 2013
300 251 250 213 200 177 137 150 121 100 59 50 1 4 2 0 18-34 35-64 65-
2011 2012 20122
SOURCE: DIRECTORATE FOR MIGRATION AND FOREIGNERS, BORDER POLICE
These data show that the most foreigners that have voluntarily left are female and of a young age.
GRAPH49: THESE DATA SHOW THAT MOST FOREIGNERS THAT LEAVE VOLUNTARILY ARE YOUNG FEMALES
350 300 313 250 200 219 150 206 100 119 50 76 0 32 2011 2012 2013
Mashkullore Femerore
SOURCE: DIRECTORATE FOR MIGRATION AND FOREIGNERS, BORDER POLICE
If these data of the 2013 are compared with 2012 where voluntarily have returned 338 irregular immigrants while in 2011, 389 have returned, the trend of persons who voluntary left goes by deduction from year to year.
74
Victims of trafficking, people by citizenship and age group MP KOSOVAMP 2013
Investigations Directorate of Human Trafficking (IDHT) is specialized directorate of Kosovo Police charged with the responsibility of investigating cases of human trafficking and other offenses related to human trafficking. IDHT has been structured under the Organized Crime Division within the Department of Investigation of the Kosovo Police and has a functional management system and centralized leadership style and is mandated to conduct investigations and operations against trafficking in the territory of the Republic of Kosovo. In internal structure at the Central level it is consists by: Investigation Department and the Department for Assistance and Protection of Victims, while at the local level consists of: Six (6) Investigations Units of human Trafficking in Police Regions of Kosovo (Pristina, Mitrovica, Peja, Prizren, Ferizaj and Gjilan).
Sector for Assistance and Protection of Victims deals with the protection and assistance of victims of trafficking and the creation of a safety conditions for their reintegration and reconciliation into families and society and the voluntary repatriation of foreign victims of trafficking in the country of origin.
In Kosovo functions the National Authority against human trafficking that is led by the National Coordinator against Trafficking with human beings. Mainly this negative phenomenon is being conducted by smugglers using the following methods:
- Job offers - the promise / lure victims (waitresses, dancers, bartenders, etc.) where they are promised good monthly salary;
- Fraud / false promises of marriage or cohabitation, later known position by traffickers and their family situation through intimidation and other forms of pressure forcing victims to provide sexual services;
- Contact through social networks on the Internet, contacted young women from different persons;
- Forcing victims to make their own arrangements to make and take money from customers, not to be dictated by the police and also if discovered, the case is not considered trafficking in persons but Enabling prostitution or prostitution Intake.
- Difficulties and obstacles for identifying victims of human trafficking:
- Hidden Nature of the offense of trafficking / perception by the public that they are not forced, but voluntarily provide;
- Frequent change of modus operandi of traffickers;
- Difficulties of proof and evidence during the investigation, often have only the statement of the
victim / witnesses cooperating with many difficulties;
- Unstable situation of victims / change of statements;
- Failure to cooperate in the rapid exchange of information between states police (lack of confidence);
75 MP KOSOVAMP 2013
- Failure of proper awareness of civil society and other institutions in the referral of potential cases of trafficking (mainly almost all cases of trafficking are discovered by police intelligence work);
-Non- profiling of social workers to deal with cases of trafficking in human beings - this is necessary because we consider that we would have more referrals and especially more professional treatment of identified cases; and
Non- profiling of Prosecutors / non- appointment of prosecutors in Basic prosecution to deal with cases of trafficking - and this is causing difficulties in handling and managing professional investigations initiated during all phases of the investigation.
Human trafficking is a complex phenomenon and continuously shows changes in the form and manner of performance.
Currently trafficking trends in Kosovo are going in the direction of individual network organization, where we have cases where women are the owners of cafeteria / bars or even in cooperation with their tutors help in the recruitment of young women in order to victimize them.
Increased internal trafficking - since 2009 we have an increase of the number of local victims of trafficking, especially age category 15 -17 years old who are most vulnerable / affected due to various factors such as the following:
- Parental and family neglect
- Difficult economic and social conditions (poverty) ;
Abandonment of schooling ; etc.
- Also, external factors have contributed to this issue as:
- Expansion of the European Union with Eastern countries Romania, Bulgaria, etc.;
- - Visa liberalization of the Balkan countries. Kosovo is not any more an attractive/appealing Country to traffickers, (victims of these countries move freely in western Europe);
- Most victims of trafficking are still found and identified in pubs, bars and restaurants, but also have increased the cases when traffickers use private houses and organize transportation services from houses to motels or other locations;
The main form of exploitation of trafficking victims in Kosovo is use for the provision of sexual services (forced prostitution) and other forms of exploitation such as forced labor, enslavement and rarely encountered
beggar, etc.
If we refer to official data from DHTQNJ, numbers of trafficking victims by nationality can be summarized as follows. It is clear from the table that the number of foreign national victims in 2013 has declined compared to previous years due to effective changes in the law for foreigners as well as the increase the effectiveness of 76
the police work in investigating and preventing the phenomenon of trafficking with persons. MP KOSOVAMP 2013
TABLE15: VICTIMS OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING IDENTIFIED IN KOSOVO BY CITIZENSHIP, 2009 - 2013
Year Kosovo Moldavn Albania Serbian Other Total 2009 16 8 3 1 1 29 2010 28 1 7 2 1 39 2011 35 0 1 3 0 39 2012 29 23 1 0 1 54 2013 44 0 7 1 0 52 Totali 152 32 19 7 3 213
SOURCE : DITHB, KOSOVO POLICE
GRAPH50: VICTIMS OF TRAFFICKING WITH PERSONS IDENTIFIED IN KOSOVO BY CITIZENSHIP AND PERCENTAGE, 2009 – 2013
Kosovare Moldave Shqiptare Serbe Tjera
3% 2%
9%
15%
71%
SOURCE : DITHB, KOSOVO POLICE
While the statistical situation of victims identified by age groups taking into account the causes described above the trends of trafficking with Persons is as follows:
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GRAPH51:VICTIMS OF TRAFFICKING WITH PERSONS IDENTIFIED IN KOSOVO BY AGE AND PERCENTAGE, 2009 - 2013
14-17 18-22 23-25 26-30 31-35 36-40 41-50
2% 2%
4% 9% 36%
16%
31%
`SOURCE: DITHB, KOSOVO POLICE
Persons arrested for alleged offenses related to trafficking with human beings
TABLE16: BY ARREST OF CRIMINAL OFFENSES, 2009 - 2013
The criminal offense 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Total Trafficking in persons 34 76 91 121 91 413 Enabling Prostitution 3 13 39 39 35 129 Prostitution 9 27 50 61 26 173 other offenses 6 5 3 7 30 51 Total arrests 52 121 183 228 182 766
SOURCE: DITHB, KOSOVO POLICE
The cause of the increased number of arrests from 2010 to date is as a result of the centralization of six regional units under the command of CDITHB (Central Division of investigation of trafficking with human beings) and Advancement of Investigation Directorate, the Sector in trafficking with Human Beings (IDHT)
With the creation of the Directorate for International Cooperation (ILECU) in the Kosovo Police has increased the level of police cooperation with other countries in general. This Directorate has also enabled the shortening of the way for the exchange of information which has resulted in the creation of a climate of mutual trust.
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TABLE17:INTERNATIONAL POLICE COOPERATION REGARDING THE INVESTIGATION OF TRAFFICKING WITH
PERSONS, EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION, INTERNATIONAL LEGAL ASSISTANCE, 2009 - 2013
a
oa
y
year
Ital
Total
Other
Serbi
Sweden Mold
Albania
Belgium
Germany
Macedonia
Switzerland
Montenegro Netherlands 2009 2 1 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 2010 3 1 1 4 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 12 2011 4 3 2 3 2 1 1 1 3 1 1 2 24 2012 4 2 1 1 2 3 1 1 6 1 2 4 28 2013 5 1 1 2 2 0 0 2 1 1 2 2 19 Total 18 8 5 12 6 6 3 4 10 3 6 8 89
SOURCE : DITHB, KOSOVO POLICE
Other: Slovakia, Czech Republic, Poland and Croatia with one case of cooperation and as well as England and Ukraine with 2 cases.
Smuggling of Migrants
Border Police deals with the investigation and prevention of smuggling of migrants. Unemployment in Kosovo has affected the Kosovo‟s youth to find different ways to go to European countries and further in order to find work to have a better economic life for themselves and their family. Even people from other countries such as Turkey, Pakistan, Palestine, etc .tend to use Kosovo as a transit country to cross to European countries namely in EU countries. In 2013 there was an increase of 45% (29) of cases of smuggling of migrants initiated, compared with 2012, and an increase of 42% (20) by comparing 2012 with 2011 (14) .This increase has come due to the efficiency of the police in cooperation with the police of other states.
TABLE18:SMUGGLING OF MIGRANTS R.KOSOVO2011 – 2013
Years 2011 2012 2013 Cases of smuggling with migrants - Border Police 14 20 29
SOURCE: BORDER POLICE DEPARTMENT, UNIT FOR ANALYSIS AND RISK ASSESMENT
In the table below are presented according to nationality and gender the suspects and the victims. Among the suspects and victims dominate the Albanian males from Kosovo. In 2011 there were 34 men from Kosovo, one from Turkey, in 2012 were 56 men from Kosovo, 3 from Turkey, in 2013 were 45 men from Kosovo, Albania 3, 6 from Turkey and one from Serbia. Men victims in 2011 were 10 from Kosovo and 8 from
Turkey. In 2011 there were no female suspected while victims are two females from Kosovo, in 2012 is one
female suspected from Kosovo, while 4 are victims, in 2013 one suspected female is from Kosovo, one female suspected from Albania and one female suspected from Serbia, while the victims were 9 women from
79 Kosovo and 2 from Albania. MP KOSOVAMP 2013
TABLE19;SMUGGLING OF MIGRANTS, MEN, 2001 – 2013
State Men suspected Male Victims Year 2011 2012 2013 Total 2011 2012 2013 Total Kosovo 34 56 45 135 10 7 38 55 Albania 0 0 3 3 0 0 0 0 Serbia 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 Palestine 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 5 Pakistan 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 Syria 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 Turkey 1 3 6 10 8 13 0 21 Total 35 59 55 149 23 23 42 88
SOURCE: DITHB, KOSOVO POLICE
TABLE20: SMUGGLING OF MIGRANT WOMEN 2011 - 2013
Women suspected Female Victims State / Year 2011 2012 2013 Total 2011 2012 2013 Total Kosovo 0 1 1 2 2 4 9 15 Albania 0 0 1 1 0 0 2 2 Turkey 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pakistan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Palestin 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Serbia 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 Syria 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 0 1 3 4 2 4 11 17
SOURCE : DITHB, KOSOVO POLICE
Irregular migration routes (Smuggling)
The Republic of Kosovo is used as a transit area from immigrants who come from countries of Africa and Asia, and who move in an irregular manner, whereas final destinations have the Western Europe Countries.
Smuggling of migrants is in higher proportions compared with the previous year. This comes as a result of the global economic crisis and wars in some African and Asian countries, where the chances grow for the growth
of this phenomenon.
Immigrants from countries like Syria, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Palestine, Nigeria, Algeria, Morocco, Mali, Tunisia, move through Turkey - Greece - Macedonia to Kosovo.
80 MP KOSOVAMP 2013
So far results that the nationals of the aforementioned states move assisted by smugglers, where the in territory of the Republic of Kosovo enter mainly through illegal routes along the Green Line of the border. But there are some cases when these citizens were found hidden in trucks at border crossing points.
Further direction of their movement has been from Kosovo - Montenegro - Croatia and then EU countries, and the other direction through Kosovo - Serbia - Hungary and later EU countries.
The number of foreigners who have worked in an irregular way in Kosovo
As one of the push motives for illegal residence of foreigners in Kosovo is the motive for employment purposes. In most cases, foreigners enter legally to Kosovo, and later are employed in various businesses ignoring the legal provisions, which provide that an alien must possess work permits for foreigners and temporary residence permit. Unlawful employment of foreigners produces informal economy. According to the data of this phenomenon, the employments are made in the hotel business, in construction, trade, manufacturing, etc. Referring to statistics from the Department for Migration and Foreigners, the largest numbers of employees belong to hotel operations as waiters, dancers, singers, cooks, etc. Based on the Law for Foreigners, when the foreign national is working in an illegal and unauthorized residence, the competent authority may issue a removal order, with which the foreigner is obliged to leave the territory of the Republic of Kosovo. During 2013, in Kosovo are caught 212 irregular immigrants working illegally. Of this number 87.5% are female and 12.5% males, age 18-34 years with 78.3% is the most expressed age group.
GRAPH52: THE NUMBER OF FOREIGNERS WHO HAVE IRREGULARLY WORKED AND FOR WHICH WAS IMPOSED THE REMOVAL ORDER, BY GENDER AND AGE, 2011 - 2013
2011 2012 2013 Mashkullore Femerore 300 350 251 300 250 313 190 250 200 166 200 150 137 150 180 186 100 84 100 46 94 50 50 76 1 0 0 0 0 26 2011 2012 2013 18-34 35-64 65-
SOURCE: DIRECTORATE FOR MIGRATION AND FOREIGNERS, BORDER POLICE
81 MP KOSOVAMP 2013
These data show that the majority of foreigners who work illegally are feminine but young also. If these data from 2013 are compared with 2012 where 274 illegal immigrants were caught working illegally while in 2011, 389 have returned, so the trend of illegal employees is decreasing from year to year.
GRAPH53: THE NUMBER OF FOREIGNERS WHO WORKED IRREGULARLY AND FOR WHO WAS IMPOSED THE REMOVAL ORDER BY CITIZENSHIP AND PERCENTAGE, 2011 - 2013
2011 2012 2013 300
243 250
200 183
150 134 Shqipëri 62% 100
46 47 37 50 27 31 17 13 1115 15 11 9 7 7 3 7 2 1 1 4 4 0 Maqedoni Bulgari
3% 12% Kinë
Serbi Moldavi Turqi
Bulgari Te tjera Serbi Turqi Kinë
Te tjera Te 2% Shqipëri Moldavi 9% 3% 7% 2% Maqedoni
SOURCE: DIRECTORATE FOR MIGRATION AND FOREIGNERS, BORDER POLICE
C2.4 Asylum and Determination of the international protection status Law no. 04 / L-217 on Asylum entered into force in September 2013. This law is in full compliance with international standards, namely the Geneva Convention of 1951 (including the 1967 Protocol and relevant EU- Directives. This law foresees a) the recognition of asylum; b) recognition of subsidiary protection and c) temporary protection. Also, the law in question clearly defines the principle of non-return (non refoulement), the right for access to territory and asylum procedures and the rights and obligations as for asylum seekers as well as for those under protection.
In procedural terms, the Law provides a three instances system of decision-making regarding the protection status. In this context, the body responsible for examining applications for asylum and for decision-making in the first instance is the Asylum Division within the Department of Citizenship, Asylum and Migration (DCAM) in the MIA. National Commission for Refugees is the second instance in the asylum procedure;
while as the final legal remedy is foreseen the judicial review at the competent Court.
Ministry of Internal Affairs, including DCAM and the Kosovo Police has close cooperation with local and international organizations in the field of asylum. In the framework of this cooperation was also signed an technical agreement between MIA and UNHCR "On Cooperation to Facilitate Access of Persons in need of 82
international protection in the territory of Kosovo and the Asylum Procedures" MP KOSOVAMP 2013
Technical Agreement in question strengthens the cooperation between Kosovo institutions and UNHCR, including Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO) partners of UNHCR, in order to guarantee the rights of asylum seekers, including the principle of non-expulsion, access to territory of asylum seekers and adequate consideration of asylum claims.
Within DCAM functions the Asylum Seekers Centre which was inaugurated in March of 2012 in Magura, Lipljan. This center is responsible for receiving and accommodating asylum seekers. The center was built with EU standards, divided into two items a) Administration building and b) asylum accommodation facility with a capacity of 50 persons. Within the Centre are provided: adequate accommodation for individuals or families, food, clothing, recreation, etc. Also, there is a medical ambulance with four rooms for rehabilitation of patients.
The status of asylum decisions (out of 62) at the end of the period January - December 2013: awaiting decision was one case, the termination of the procedure 38, voluntary suspension of the procedure 14, the first negative decision 6, Positive decisions for subsidiary protection 3, By gender: Male 85% (53), women 15% (9). Regarding the participation percentage of the age group, leads age group "18-34" with 71%(44 asylum seekers) from the total number of asylum seekers for the treated period. The dominance of this age group, as an active age group, is followed by the age group "0-13" with 11.3% (7 asylum seekers), which in most cases represent their children.
GRAPH54: ASYLUM SEEKERS STATES, 2013
30 24 25 20
15 12 10 8 7 5 6 5 0 Syria Pakistan Nigeria Algeria Senegal Tjera
SOURCE: DCAM-MIA During the period under consideration lead the asylum seekers from Syria (24 or 38.7% of the total number of asylum-seekers), followed by the asylum seekers from Pakistan (12 or 19.35% of the total number of asylum-
seekers), and so on. Because of the fighting in Syria, the number of asylum seekers from that country has
multiplied compared with 2012, and that from 2 to 24 asylum seekers.
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GRAPH55: ASYLUM SEEKERS IN THE R OF KOSOVO BY GENDER, 2011 - 2013
Meshkuj Femra
166
40 23 53 9 6 v 2011 v 2012 v 2013
SOURCE: DCAM- MIA
GRAPH56: ASYLUM SEEKERS IN THE REPUBLIC OF KOSOVO BY AGE, 2011 - 2013
160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 0-13 14-17 18-34 35-64 >=65 e panjohur v 2011 23 9 134 17 1 5 v 2012 5 2 31 8 0 0 v 2013 7 4 44 6 1 0
SOURCE: DSHAM - MPB
GRAPH57: ASYLUM SEEKERS IN THE REPUBLIC OF KOSOVO BY STATES, 2011 – 2013
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0 Afganista
Palestinë Siri Algjeri Tunizi Pakistan Iran Marok Nigeri Somali Tjera n 2011 66 40 13 11 17 4 1 8 1 9 19 2012 11 3 2 15 3 0 10 1 0 0 1 2013 0 0 24 7 1 13 0 2 8 0 7
84
SOURCEI: DSHAM - MPB MP KOSOVAMP 2013
In general, the number of new asylum seekers entering Kosovo has continued to increase from 2009 to 2010, while in 2011 there has been a decline while in 2012 there was a drastic decline. The sudden rise in the number of asylum seekers in 2010 may be related to the economic crisis in Greece, while the decline of the number in 2012 could be attributed mainly to the increase of tensions and border closures of crossings points in the northern Kosovo, which are often used as one of the main exit ways towards EU countries.
Regarding 2013, compared with 2012, the number of asylum seekers increased by 34.7%, mainly due to asylum seekers from Syria.
Referring to the graph 59, the analysis of the 2009-2013 period shows that the trend of asylum seekers in Kosovo is falling.
GRAPH58: NUMBER OF ASYLUM SEEKERS IN THE R. OF KOSOVO, 2009 - 2013
300 267 250
200 189 150
100 62 50 46 31 0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Azilkerkues Trendi
SOURCE: DSHAM – MPB In 2013, we have the largest increase of the asylum seekers from Syria, due to the ongoing civil war in that state. Another increase is also noted at the asylum seekers from Pakistan, due to insecurity in this state, (Figure 58). By other states have a decreased number of asylum seekers in the territory of the Republic of Kosovo, mainly due to the better controlling of road lines that lead towards EU countries, which are the target of all the asylum seekers who use the territory of Kosovo as a transit state.
In total, the increase is 34.7%, and based on the overall data, in the fourth quarter of 2013 there were no applications for asylum, which affected the trend in this context to have a decline. (Chart 59)
85
MP KOSOVAMP 2013
C3. Emigration C3.1 Applications for visas Kosovo continues to be the only country in the Western Balkans still has a visa regime in the Schengen area. According to a study for the refusal of visas degree in Kosovo by UNDP and USAID during 2010-2012, 217,862 Kosovars have applied for visas, or 82,450 applications in 2010, 67,901 in 2011 and 67,556 in 2012[1] .During 2013 the number of applications for Schengen visa applications is increased in 88,482 applications. On the other hand, the number of unsuccessful applications for Schengen visas still remains relatively high, 23.2%.
GRAPH59 :STATISTICS FOR SCHENGEN VISA APPLICATIONS AND REFUSALS OF SCHENGEN VISA FOR CITIZENS OF KOSOVO BY COUNTRY, 2013
58.7% Suedi (në Shkup) 3793 11.5% Austri (në Shkup) 2779 70.4% Sllovaki 247 86.7% Rep. Çeke 841 14.5% Norvegji 1496 24.7% Zvicër 23917
25.7% Refuzimet në % Slloveni 4415 Këkesat per vizë 20.7% Itali 13413 26.7% Hungari 2819 12.9% Finlandë 1313 6.2% Greqi 4556 16.2% Gjermani 26070 30.8% Belgjikë 2823
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000
SOURCE: MFA
86
[1] Study on tha scale of Visa refusals in Kosovo, UNDP, USAID, December, 2013, page-10 KOSOVAMP 2013
TABLE21: VISA APPLICATIONS, VISAS ISSUED FOR FOREIGN CITIZENS BY STATES, 2013
Visa State / Year Refusals Visas issued Requirements
Total 88482 23.2% (20878) 67969
Belgium 2823 30, 8% (869) 1915
Germany 26070 16.2% (4222) 21848
Greece 4556 6.2% (281) 4275
Finland 1313 12.9% (170) 1143
Hungary 2819 26.7% (753) 2068
Italy 13413 20.7% (2780) 10633
Slovenia 4415 25.7% (1134) 3281
Switzerland 23917 24.7% (5924) 17993
Norway 1496 14.5% (217) 1279
Czech Republic 841 86.7% (729) 112
Slovakia 247 70.4% (174) 68
Austria (in Skopje) 2779 11.5% (320) 2459
Sweden (in Skopje) 3793 58.7% (2227) 895
SOURCE: MFA
As seen from the table above, percentage of rejected requests for a Schengen visa is 23.2%.
87 MP KOSOVAMP 2013
C3.1 The total number of Emigrants
Citizens of the Republic of Kosovo with valid residence permits in Schengen EU member states
TABLE22: KOSOVO CITIZENS WITH VALID RESIDENCE PERMIT IN MEMBER STATES OF THE EU STATES AND SCHENGEN AREA, 2011 - 2013
State / Year Total 2011 2012 2013 Total 54,644 16,346 18,218 20,080 Germany 17,495 3,303 6,346 7,846 Italy 9,548 4,126 2,961 2,461 Slovenia 2,336 1,075 15 1,246 Austria 5,899 1,988 2,198 1,713 France 4,993 1,647 1,839 1,507 Belgium 2,153 1,751 : 402 Sweden 3,159 1,048 1,095 1,016 Switzerland 4,920 : 2,301 2,619 England 725 301 214 210 Hungary 653 284 369 : Other 2,763 823 880 1,060
12 SOURCE: EUROSTAT
Of the total number, in 2013 more represented countries are: Germany (39%), Switzerland (13%), and Italy (12%).
GRAPH60: KOSOVO CITIZENS TRENDS WITH VALID RESIDENCE PERMIT IN EU MEMBER STATES AND SCHENGEN AREA 2011 - 2013
25000 20080 18218 20000 16346 15000
10000
5000
0 v 2011 v 2012 v 2013
13 SOURCE :EUROSTAT
88
12 http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/submitViewTableAction.do, KOSOVAMP 2013
Number of Kosovar citizens with valid residence permit in the Member States of EU and the Schengen are in 2013 (20.080) is larger for 10.2% compared with 2012 (18,218) while in 2012 is higher by 11.4% compared with 2011 (16,346).
Treated over the years here, we have a linear increase from year to year, and 10.8% on average each year.
Of the total, in 2013 lead countries: Germany (39%), Switzerland (13%), and Italy (12%).
C3.2 Categories of emigrants In the emigration from Kosovo various factors affect by dominating those economic, social, and educational as well as a significant number for family reunions (weddings).
Relevant institutions (civil registry offices) are required to maintain records about emigration but have not been able to form these records yet. This is because the majority of emigration becomes in non- legal forms and they or their family members do not register (identification) as people leaving Kosovo.
This expressed and uncontrolled migration by the Kosovo institutions will bring difficulties in identifying the full number of emigration including other structural, age and gender aspects of emigration. According to various Kosovo official and unofficial reports (mainly those from countries where emigrants have been settled) the vast majority of emigration includes the adulthood (16-35 years) dominated by men.
This may hinder the real situation in the field (Kosovo) in the future regarding the population number, number of the workforce, the unemployed, etc. This irregular emigration is also due to the disbalance in the gender and age aspect of the resident population in Kosovo.
Education of children and ensuring of a better and safer future for them is another motive that is frequently encountered in the decisions taken by the family to emigrate. According to the 2011 census, the reasons for emigration in Kosovo go on the same line, the first dominant reason is the employment and the second reason is the education of children. According to data from the Statistical Office of Kosovo (2013) the main reasons for emigrating abroad are listed: for family reasons (46%), employment (35%) studies, (1%) and other reasons (18%).
89
13 Right there MP KOSOVAMP 2013
C3.3 Labor migrants
TABLE23: KOSOVO MIGRANTS IN EU COUNTRIES AND SHENGEN SPACE BY REASON OF RESIDENCE, 2013
Family Acts that are Country Total Education Other Reunification paid Total 20,080 13,100 1,228 679 5,073 Germany 7,846 4,853 125 128 2,740 Switzerland 2,619 2,146 85 28 360 Italy 2,461 1,837 397 31 196 Austria 1,713 766 17 303 627 France 1,507 633 94 23 757 Slovenia 1,246 960 271 13 2 Sweden 1,016 821 81 11 103 Belgium 402 307 4 7 84 Finland 336 243 65 12 16 England 210 98 5 31 76 Other 724 436 84 92 112
SOURCE: EUROSTAT In the total number, the reasons for seeking a residence permit are listed: Family reunification (65.2%), paid activities (6.1%), education (3.4%), and other (25.3%)
In grouping "Family Reunification", as a most represented group , it is marked an increase for the period 2011-2013, and that: 2011 (9.877), 2012 (11.138), and 2013 (13,100).By comparing the years 2012 with 2011 for this grouping we have an increased of 12.8%, while if we compare 2013 with 2012 we have an increase of 17.7%. In other groups, trends in annual periods are not significantly different.
Release from citizenship
The largest number of claims for loss of citizenship is filed by Kosovo citizens who acquire citizenship in states that do not recognize the dual citizenship. This results in a reduction of the number of population with Kosovo citizenship. Given the special ties with Kosovo this category is important to regulate their status under the law for foreigners. Therefore it is important to predict the possibility of equipping them with residence permit.
According to the Law for Citizenship no. 04 / L-215 which entered into force on 31 June 2013, the citizenship of the Republic of Kosovo is lost by release from citizenship, by deprivation of citizenship and on the basis of international agreements.
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Submission of application for release of citizenship is made by the applicant in person at the municipal civil registry office where the applicant has had the last residence, or at diplomatic / consular missions of the Republic of Kosovo where the applicant resides. 14
Attached to the request should be the supporting documents as required by the instructions. Municipalities and diplomatic / consular missions officially follow the case to MIA, Division for Citizenship.
Of the total 5182 requests that are submitted for Release of citizenship in 2013, 4950 of them are positive decisions,33 are negative decisions, while 119 requests are pending the decision on release from citizenship of the Republic of Kosovo. Based on these data we see that the number of positive decisions is significantly higher than negative decisions. Based on gender, the total number of positive decisions for release from citizenship of the Republic of Kosovo,53% (2,619) were male and 47% (2331) of females. In terms of age groups, leads the age group 18-34 (2298 or 47%), 35-64 (1403 or 28%), 14-17 (674 or 14%) and the age group 0-13 (557 or 11) %.
According to data for 2013, persons released from citizenship of the Republic of Kosovo are in Germany with 83.6% (4139), Austria with 8.3% (411) and in other countries with 8.1% (400). While for negative decisions for release from citizenship leads Germany with 25 persons and Montenegro with 4 persons.
GRAPH61: RELEASE FROM CITIZENSHIP OF THE REPUBLIC OF KOSOVO (POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE DECISIONS), 2011- 2013
6000 4950 5000 4368 4000
3000 2510
2000
1000 33 25 0 0 Vendime pozitive Vendime negative
2013 2012 2011
SOURCE: DCAM- MIA
According to the annual data for the release of the citizenship of the Republic of Kosovo during the last three
years, there has been an increase of 13% for 2013 (4,950) compared with 2012 (4368), and an increase of
91 14 Consulates: Germany (Berlin, Frankfurt, Stuttgart), Austria, Sweden, Netherlands, Bulgaria, Turkey (Ankara, Istanbul),
Switzerland, Slovenia, USA, Croatia MP KOSOVAMP 2013
74% compared with 2012 compared with 2011 (2510).The reason for the relinquishment of the Kosovo citizenship is to gain the citizenship of another state, especially of the European countries since a large number of them do not allow dual citizenship.
Annual data for exemption from citizenship of the Republic of Kosovo for the past three years, show a greater number of males 55% (6486) compared with that of female 45% (5341).General data for the masculine (chart 63) show that there has been an increase of 8% 2013 (2619) compared with 2012 (2422), while an increase of 67% compared to the year 2012 with 2011 (1445).
GRAPH62: WAIVER OF CITIZENSHIP OF THE REPUBLIC OF KOSOVO BY GENDER, 2011-2013
3000 2619 2331 2422 2500 1946 2000 1445 1500 1064 1000 500 0 2013 2012 2011
M F
SOURCE: DCAM-MIA
According to the last three years almost in a linear form female gender is growing along with masculine gender. Data from (chart 62) show that there was an increase of 19% in 2013 (2,331) compared with 2012 (1946), and an increase of (82%) comparing 2012 with 2011 (1064).
GRAPH63: POSITIVE DECISION ON RELEASE FROM CITIZENSHIP BY AGE GROUPS, 2011 - 2013
0-5 6-13 14-17 18-34 35-64 66+
2011 27 112 185 1139 1035 12 2012 115 400 481 1992 1364 16 2013 143 414 674 2298 1403 18
SOURCE: DCAM 92 MP KOSOVAMP 2013
Total annual data for the past three years, show that in all the years the age group 18-34 years (5429 or 46%) and 35-64 (3802 or 32%)is growing, the age group 14-17 years (1,340 or 11%) and other age groups are below 3%.
Asylum seekers from Kosovo in EU member states 15 and Schengen Area
In 2013, from the total number of Kosovo asylum seekers in EU countries, the largest number of asylum seekers was in Hungary (29, 4%), France (26.1%), Germany (20.9%), and so on. Men take part with 69% while females with 31% (Table 24, Figure 65)
TABLE 24: KOSOVO ASYLUM SEEKERS IN EU CONTRUES-AND SHENGEN AREA, 2013
Country Total M F Total 21090 14505 6560 Hungary 6210 5520 695 France 5500 3185 2315 Germany 4415 2600 1825 Sweden 1280 770 495 Belgium 1265 760 505 Austria 935 730 195 Switzerland 705 435 255 Norway 260 130 120 Luxembourg 150 95 50 Italy 95 80 30 Other 275 200 75
SOURCE: EUROSTAT
In Tables 24 and 25, are presented data for the last three years. From here it can be seen that the increase in the number of asylum seekers from Kosovo in EU countries in 2013, compared to 2012 (104%), a too high figure. This phenomenon has affected facilitating of passage through the territory of Serbia, ie getting in Hungary, state who has served as a transit Country toward most developed countries of the EU. Comparing 2012 with 2011 shows a slight decline for about 3%.
15 All the tables in this chapter are based on data totals form "Eurostat". Each subgroup that is presented in those tables derives from "rounded" data given by "Eurostat". Therefore, any possible discrepancy refers to the source of those records. 93 Link to data source: http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/shoë.do?dataset=migr_asyappctzm&lang=en
MP KOSOVAMP 2013
TABLE 25: KOSOVO ASYLUM SEEKERS IN EU AND SCHENGE STATES, 2011 - 2013
State Total 2011 2012 2013 Total 42120 10695 10335 21090 France 12455 3240 3715 5500 Germani 8840 1890 2535 4415 Hungary 6640 210 220 6210 Belgium 5335 2325 1745 1265 Sweden 3640 1315 1045 1280 Switzerland 1370 665 0 705 Austria 1600 350 315 935 Norway 550 155 135 260 Luxembourg 510 150 210 150 Italy 315 110 110 95 Other 865 285 305 275
SOURCE: EUROSTAT
By the graph 65 it can bee seen that the most influx of asylum seekers from Kosovo in EU countries has been from the beginning of spring until the end of July. From this graph, despite the largest increase of asylum seekers in certain months of 2013- for reasons elaborated above, the beginning and end of the addressed years in this case are roughly with the same trends.
GRAPH64: COMPARING THE NUMBER OF ASYLUM SEEKERS IN THE EU STATES,2011 – 2013
4,000
3,500 3,720 2,785
3,000
2,500 2,385
1,885
2,000
1,460
1,505
1,365 1,215
1,500 1,230
1,225
1,150 1,165 1,000
500
0
Prill
Maj
Mars
Janar
Tetor
Gusht
Korrik
Shkurt
Nëntor
Shtator
Dhjetor Qershor
2013 2012 2011
94
SOURCE:EUROSTAT MP KOSOVAMP 2013
Regarding the gender structure of asylum seekers, the gender ratio is approximately the same each year. In most cases, men head to the western countries, with the aim of eventual employment and sending of funds for their families who usually remains at home. For 2013 the gender structure by country is presented in Figure 66.
GRAPH65: NUMBER OF ASYLUM SEEKERS IN EU COUNTRIES AND THE SCHENGEN AREA BY GENDER, 2013
Mashkuj Femra
695 195 50 30 75 2315 1825 495 505 255 120
5520 730 95 80 180
3185 2600 770 760 435 130
Itali
Tjera
Suedi
Zvicra
Francë
Austria
Belgjikë
Hungari
Gjermani Norvegjia
Luksemburg
SOURCE: EUROSTAT
For each year that is treated in this case, as a rule, indicators of representation are very similar age groups (Chart 67).Even in the case of analysis for 2013, convincing leads the age group "18-34" (52.5% of the total number), followed by the age group "0-14" (23.5% of the total number). Since the age group "18-34" is the most productive age, it is supposed to take their children with, namely age group "0-14". For the same period, other age groups are represented as follows: "14-17" (4.5% of the total number), "35 to 64" (19% of the total number), and "65 +" (0.5 % of the total number).
GRAPH66: NUMBER OF ASYLUM SEEKERS IN THE EU STATES AND THE SCHENGEN AREA BY AGE GROUP, 2011 - 2013
2011 2012 2013
4945 85 940 4075 11080
50 3620 570 2030
4065
670 80 3470 4290 2185
95 nën 14 14-17 18-34 35-64 65+
MP KOSOVAMP 2013
SOURCE: EUROSTAT According to Eurostat annual data, Kosovo asylum seekers in countries of the EU and the Schengen area indicate that there has been a significant growth of 104% in 2013 (21090) compared to 2012 (10335), while a slight decrease from (3%) comparing 2012 to 2011 (10,695).
GRAPH 67: TREND OF KOSOVO ASYLUM SEEKERS IN EU STATES AND SCHENGEN AREA, 2011 - 2013
21090
10695
10335
2011 2012 2013
SOURCE: EUROSTAT
C3.4 Irregular emigrants In this section, the analysis of illegal emigration from the Republic of Kosovo has focused primarily on data regarding the annual flows of those improperly removed from the country according to Eurostat published sources, involving EU countries and those of the Schengen area.
Kosovo citizens who have been denied entry at the border or caught at the border in the EU member states and Schengen area
Number of Kosovo citizens who have been denied entry at the border or who were caught at the border in member states of the EU and the Schengen area shows a marked increase in the Eurostat statistics up to 1405 persons at the end of 2013 from 670 persons as they were in 2012.For this period there was an increase of 109%.
96 MP KOSOVAMP 2013
GRAPH68: KOSOVO CITIZENS WHO HAVE BEEN REFUSED ENTRY AT THE BORDER OR CAUGHT AT THE BORDERS IN MEMBER STATES OF THE EU AND SCHENGEN AREA, 2011-2013
800 720 700
600
500
400 280 300 235 200 90 150 140 60 110 80 60 85 85 65 75 100 50 50 50 55 40 3530 4035 25 4545 30 0 0 0
v 2011 v 2012 v 2013
SOURCE: EUROSTAT
This is due to the Croatia entry into the EU and its reporting to Eurostat during 2013. But the refusal of entry at the border of Kosovo citizens in this country can be as a result of not being informed for the change of procedures and rules for entry. The data shows that Croatia has refused entry for 100 people because of invalid documents, 595 persons because of invalid visa or residential permit and 25 people for other reasons, or 51% of the total number.
Of the total number, Kosovo nationals were mostly refused entry from Croatia 51%, Slovenia 11%, Hungary 10%, France 8%, and Germany 6% and below 5% other states.
200 persons were rejected because of invalid documents, or (14%) higher than 175 persons as they were last year (2012),but almost the same with 2011 (-0.75%). Rejection due to invalid visa or residence has increased from 255 as it was in 2012 in 950. Rejection due to falsification of travel documents 20 people, almost the same as previous years, but with a visa or falsified residence permit has marked an increase of (1.25 %)in 2013 (25) compared with 2012 (20), but a significant drop from (-80%) compared to 2011 (45).
97 MP KOSOVAMP 2013
Kosovo nationals who are caught staying illegally within the territory of the EU Member States and Schengen area
From annual data for Kosovo citizens who are caught residing illegally within the territory of the EU Member States and the Schengen area during the last three years, male gender dominates(17185)compared with female gender (4525).General data for masculine gender (Chart 70) show that there has been an increase of 59%in year 2013 (7915) compared with 2012 (4975), and an increase of 15% in 2012 compared to 2011 (4295).
TABLE26: FOREIGN CITIZENS WHO ARE CAUGHT ILLEGALLY RESIDING WITHIN THE TERRITORY OF EU MEMBER STATES-S AND SCHENGEN STATES BY STATES WITH HIGHER RATES, MALES, AND 2011 – 2013
State V 2011 V 2012 V 2013
Germany 29.92% 35.78% 28.55%
Switzerland 25.38% 21.71% 20.40%
France 13.50% 11.16% 9.67%
Austria 10.71% 8.34% 12.38%
Sweden 10.48% 6.23% 5.37%
Other 10.01% 16.78% 23.63%
SOURCE:EUROSTAT
In the past three years, from the total number of males residing illegally within the territory EU member states and Schengen area, leads Germany 31%, Switzerland 22%, France 11%, Austria 11%, Sweden 7%, Hungary 11% 7% and other countries.
GRAPH69: KOSOVO CITIZENS WHO ARE CAUGHT ILLEGALLY RESIDING WITHIN THE TERRITORY OF EU MEMBER STATES-AND SCHENGEN AREA BY GENDER, 2011 - 2013
10000 M F 8000 7915 6000
4000 4975 4295 2000 1205
1570 1750 0 v 2011 v 2012 v 2013
98
SOURCE: EUROSTAT MP KOSOVAMP 2013
According to this source, the female gender is less involved with illegal residence within the territory of the EU Member States and Schengen area, but it is growing. The data from (chart 70) show that there was an increase of 11% in 2013 (1750) compared with 2012 (1570), while an increase of (30%) compared with 2012 with 2011 (1205).
TABLE27: KOSOVO CITIZENS WHO ARE CAUGHT ILLEGALLY RESIDING WITHIN THE TERRITORY OF EU MEMBER STATES AND SCHENGEN AREA BY STATES WITH HIGHER PERCENTAGE OF FEMALES, 2011 - 2013
State V 2011 V 2012 V 2013
Germany 35.68% 55.10% 46.29%
Sweden 29.88% 13.69% 17.14%
Switzerland 16.18% 12.74% 10.00%
Austria 6.22% 5.10% 11.14%
Belgium 4.98% 4.46% 3.14%
Other 7.05% 8.92% 12.29%
SOURCE: EUROSTAT
Out of the total number for the past three years, the female gender illegally staying in the territory of EU member states and Schengen area by country, is in Germany 46%, Sweden 19%, Switzerland 13%, 8% Austria, Belgium 4%, France 4% and 6% other countries.
Annual data on the number of illegal residents within the territory of the EU Member States and the Schengen area by age show that illegal residence consists mainly of young people and they are able to work. According to the data for 2013, the major part of the persons illegally staying 53% was recorded in the age group over 35 years followed by the age group 18-34 years (27%), age group 14 – 17 year (6%) and under 14 year (12%) grf. (71).
The data for the age group over 35 years show that there has been an increase of 25% in 2013 (2,535) compared with 2012 (2025), while (70%) compared to 2011 (1485). For the age group 18-34 years, there was an increase from 60% in 2013 (6,250) compared with 2012 (3900), while (84%) compared to 2011 (3385).The age group 14-17 years, is less involved with illegal residence but also for this age there was an increase by 37% in 2013 (275) compared to year 2012 (200), while (44%) compared with the year 2011 (190), while the age group under 14, there was an increase of 49% in 2013 (575)compared to year 2012 (385),
and (43%) compared to 2011 (400).
99 MP KOSOVAMP 2013
GRAPH70: KOSOVO CITIZENS WHO ARE CAUGHT ILLEGALLY RESIDING WITHIN THE TERRITORY OF EU MEMBER STATES AND SCHENGEN AREA BY AGE GROUPS AND STATES IN%, 2011 – 2013
60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Gjermani Suedia Austria Hungaria Belgjika Zvicra Franca Tjera a me pak se 14 vjeç 53% 19% 14% 4% 2% 0 0 8% 14 - 17 vjeç 21% 47% 12% 5% 3% 0 5% 7% 18 - 34 vjeç 5% 32% 11% 7% 4% 22% 11% 8% më shumë se 35 vjeç 7% 41% 7% 3% 4% 21% 10% 7%
SOURCE: EUROSTAT Out of the total number for the last three years (21,670), the highest position with the unlawful staying constitutes the age group 18-34 years (63%), followed by the age group over 35 years (28%), under 14 (6%) and the age group 14-17 years (3%). The vast majority of illegal residents of all ages is registered in Germany and Switzerland while for the age under 14 years in Sweden (graph .71)
GRAPH71: KOSOVO CITIZENS WHO ARE CAUGHT ILLEGALLY RESIDING WITHIN THE TERRITORY OF THE EU MEMBER STATES AND SCHENGEN AREA BY STATES AND YEARS, 2011 - 2013
3500
3070 3000 2645 2500
2000 1790 1715
1500 1285 1280 1175 965 1000 845 810 630 725 495 610 530 525 250 290 500 100 245 250 180 275 190 180 70 185 80 95 95 50 15 25
0 Gjermania Zvicra Austria Franca Suedia Hungaria Belgjika Italia Kroacia Britania e Gerqia Tjera Madhe
v 2011 v 2012 v 2013
100
SOURCE: EUROSTAT MP KOSOVAMP 2013
Of the total number of illegal residents in 2013, the territory of the EU Member States and Schengen area leads Germany 32%,Switzerland, 18%, 12% Austria, Hungary, 12%, 9% France, Sweden 7%, and less than 3% other countries. But for the last three years leads Germany 34%, Switzerland 20%, Austria 10%, France 10%, 9% Sweden, Hungary 6%, and below 4% other states.
Details of Kosovo nationals who are caught staying illegally within the territory of the EU Member States o and the Schengen area for the past three years show that there was an increased by 48% in 2013 (9,660) compared with 2012 (6525) and an increase of 18% comparing 2012 with 2011 (5485).
Kosovo nationals illegally residing in EU member states and Schengen area after the issuance of the removal order 2011 -2013
According to the data for 2013, the highest number of Kosovo nationals illegally residing in EU member states and Schengen area after the issuance of the removal order is 23% in France, followed by Belgium with 22%, Hungary 19%, Austria 8%, 7% Sweden, Switzerland and other countries 5% below 5%. GRF (67).
GRAPH72:KOSOVO NATIONALS ILLEGALLY RESIDING IN EU MEMBER STATES AND SCHENGEN AFTER THE ISSUANCE OF THE REMOVAL ORDER BY STATES AND YEARS, 2011 - 2013
100% 0 90% 665 100 2070 2205 80% 1785 720 315 200 1180 450 900 70% 60% 865 2345 2070 180 50% 330 200 40% 1610 425 30% 260 945 405 20% 1065 575 2130 2045 250 100 10% 940 335 0%
v 2011 v 2012 v 2013
SOURCE: EUROSTAT
The data of the Kosovo nationals illegally residing in EU member states and Schengen area after the issuance of the removal order for the last three years show that there has been a decrease of (- 4%) in 2013 (9,410) compared with 2012 (9870),and an increase (12%) compared to 2011 (8385).
101 MP KOSOVAMP 2013
Kosovo nationals removed from EU member states and Schengen area by an removal order
Data for Kosovo citizens removed by the EU member states and Schengen area according to the removal order show that for the last three years the number of removed persons was 14315.These data for Kosovo citizens removed from EU member states and Schengen area according to the removal order show that there was an increase of 11% in 2013 (5275) compared with the year 2012 (4720), and an increase of 9% in 2012 compared to 2011 (4320).
GRAPH73: KOSOVO CITIZENS REMOVED FROM EU MEMBER STATES AND SCHENGEN SPACE UNDER THE REMOVAL ORDER IN PERCENTAGE (2011-2013)
Britania e Madhe Finlanda Tjera 2% 5% 2% Kroacia 2% Norvegjia 3% Hungaria Franca 25% 9% Belgjika 10% Suedia 17% Austria 12%
Gjermania 13%
SOURCE: EUROSTAT
GRAPH74: KOSOVO CITIZENS REMOVED FROM EU MEMBER STATES AND SCHENGEN AREA BASED ON THE REMOVAL ORDER BY STATES AND YEARS (2011-2013)
1600 1440 1400 1300
1200 920
1000 795 855 780 775 790 800 710 640 600 475 500 445 465 380 365 390 400 420 275 205 275 80 200 155 100 200 130 85 80 140
85 60
0 Hungaria Suedia Gjermania Austria Belgjika Franca Norvegjia Kroacia Britania e Finlanda Tjera Madhe
v 2011 v 2012 v 2013 102
SOURCE: EUROSTAT MP KOSOVAMP 2013
According to the data for the last three years, Kosovo citizens removed by the EU member states and Schengen area based on the removal order by percentage are removed by states as follows: Hungary 25%, Sweden 17%, Germany 13%, Austria 12%, Belgium 10%, France 9% and other states below 3%.
C4. Diaspora Kosovo Diaspora enjoys legal protection from the Republic of Kosovo. In this respect Law No.. 04/-095 Diaspora was issued, which affects the protection and cultivation of identity, language, culture and education among members of the Diaspora and their links with the institutions of the Republic of Kosovo, Diaspora organization in various countries where Kosovo Diaspora lives, encouraging and developing cross-cultural relations between the Republic of Kosovo and the countries in which the Diaspora is present.
After first establishing the Cultural Center of Kosovo Diaspora and Diaspora in Turkey in January 2013, the Government of the Republic of Kosovo upon the proposal of the Ministry of Diaspora, in October of 2013 established five Cultural Centers for Diaspora in: Switzerland, Sweden, Germany, France and the USA. These centers provide various services and information for expatriates Kosovo‟s, help preserve their identity and provide information on investment opportunities in Kosovo market.
The profile of migrants
There is no reliable census data regarding the Kosovo Diaspora, so it still remains difficult to obtain accurate information. Their exact number is still unknown. For this purpose, the Ministry of Diaspora has begun the process of drafting the Registry of Diaspora and other forms of their organization. It has prepared forms to Register Diaspora and the Guide for this process. Data will be collected from different sources. Distribution of registration forms and guidelines for completing their diplomatic and consular missions of the Republic of Kosovo in some countries like Germany, Austria, Switzerland, IALI, France, England, USA, Turkey, Croatia, Norway, Sweden, Belgium, Slovenia, the Netherlands, Denmark, Finland and Luxembourg. Such forms are also distributed at border crossings in Kosovo, at the airport and municipalities in order to include a greater number of them. Also, an online platform is launched where members have the opportunity to register through the electronic platform.
All this was done by the end of 2013. By the end of 2014 the first published data on the outcome of the drafting process Registry of Diaspora Associations and other forms of their organization, it is expected to be published, while the update of this register will be made continuously.
After completing this process, the Republic of Kosovo for the first time will have a register which will constitute the statistical data regarding the number of members of the Diaspora, the structure of their socio-
economic and demographic, their business activities and other important data in order to create more accurate policy on Diaspora.
103 MP KOSOVAMP 2013
However, until the completion of the registry, there are some data from other sources alleged. Most of the Diaspora, about 60%, are citizens of the countries where they live, about 34% have temporary stay (2-10 years), of which 1.3% have student visa. The remaining 6% have no defined status16.
In terms of preserving cultural and linguistic identity in the Diaspora, for the moment, a greater involvement of the Diaspora in supplementary education in the Albanian language is Scandinavian countries (Sweden and Finland).
One of the factors of this involvement is also high support provided by state institutions where the Diaspora lives. 17 About 25,000 children benefit in many different forms of organization of the Albanian language learning.
There are about 400 teachers working in schools with additional classes. Compared to last year the Ministry of Diaspora had data on 5,000 students (about 20% more) involved in supplementary education.
This is because of the numerous activities of the Ministry of Diaspora to promote the inclusion of students from abroad in additional learning programs, as a result of opening new schools and raising awareness of involvement in these programs in order to maintain the identity of our migrant. Also, the Diaspora Ministry compared to last year has given new funding for the identification of additional learning schools. Regional cooperation, as is the case with the Republic of Albania, may be a useful alternative strategic approach, as it brings a synergy and cost reduction activities possible.
The potential socio-economic development of Kosovo Diaspora
Role of the Diaspora in the development of Kosovo is not a straightforward process. However, high expectations regarding the potential of the Diaspora to contribute to the development of Kosovo are reviewed and analyzed. The project, Diaspora involvement in Economic Development, International Organization for Migration (IOM) has collected the opinions of the Kosovo Diaspora about their investment and doing business in Kosovo. To this end, IOM has implemented an online18 questionnaire about the practices of doing business from abroad
Most of the respondents, 66.0% (entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs), plan to start business activities in the business sector in Kosovo19. 75.9%The respondents have experience in the sector for which they wish to invest, 37.2% of them as entrepreneurs, 51.2% and 27.9% as a manager as an employee. Most of them, 74.4% have more than three years of experience in this field. Those who have business activity, they have been
16 KCB Report of end of year 2008 17 Strategy on Diaspora 2013 – 2018, p.17 18 The questionnaire was published in Albinfo.ch, Telegraph (targeting the Diaspora), Giant and in DfD webpages from 3 June 2013 to 14 July 2013. Also, the questionnaire was also distributed by email to target groups. There are 161 104 respondents in total, 118 of whom identify themselves as part of Kosovar diaspora. 19 Ibid. p. 1. KOSOVAMP 2013
doing business for 5 years20. All these data lead us to believe that the Diaspora has the intention and ability to strongly contribute to the economy of Kosovo, such as investments, as well as contribute through knowledge (or "Know How")
While, based on other research from this project21 there are some features identified shipments of remittances. As seen from the table below, the majority of migrants headed, have completed at least 14 years of schooling or more, which indicates a satisfactory level of their education.22 The table also shows the comparison of the level of education in Kosovo and Kosovo migrants abroad which shows that migrants have higher levels of education, brain drain that has Kosovo and projects need for use their knowledge and their experience.
GRAPH75: EDUCATION OF HOUSEHOLD HEADS AND THOSE EMIGRANT LIVING IN KOSOVO
80.00% 75.80% 66.20% 70.00% 60.00% 50.00% 40.00% 30.00% 25.30% 17.50% 20.00% 8.50% 6.70% 10.00% 0.00% Arsimi fillor të përfunduar Arsim fillor Arsim të mesëm dhe më shumë (14+)
Kryefamiljar në Kosovë Kryefamiljar emigrant
SOURCEI :MD
As illustrated in the table below, the majority of 54.22% of Kosovo migrants earn more than 2,000 euros a month. From the statistical data concerning labor experience presented above, there is a high level of integration in the countries of residence and high potential to have a positive impact on the economy of Kosovo
20 Ibid. p. 2.
21 The research is based on a representative sample of Albanians, Serbs and other Kosovo ethnic groups. The selected sample includes 8,000 households. Samples of participants are based on etnicity (Albanians, Serbs, and other communities), and residence (urban area / rural area). 22 105 Study on Remittances in Kosovo - October 2013 Statistical Agency of Kosovo, Department of Social Polls, project was conducted with financial and technical support of the Office of the United Nations Program for Development
(UNDP) in Kosovo. P. 20 MP KOSOVAMP 2013
TABLE 28: HOUSEHOLD MONTHLY INCOME REMITTERS23
The average household income Percentage of households sending Less than €500 1.67% €(501-1,000) 18.09% €(1,001-1500) 13.78% €(1501-2000) 12.04% €(2,000-4,000) 30.02% €4,001 or more 24.20% SOURCE:KSA-UNDP According to the research, it was found that Kosovo migrant‟s families spent an average of 2,715 euros in Kosovo during their visits in 2012, EEC total means 270 million euro spent24. This is another indication of the actual contribution to the Kosovo economy by members of the Diaspora as well as the potential positive impact that can be realized if the appropriate conditions exist to empower Diaspora resources.
This research has made a comparison of the gender composition of migrants, compared with the gender composition of the inhabitants of Kosovo. While gender structure of migrants is 56.7% male and 43.3% female, while among the inhabitants of Kosovo were 50.3% male and 49.7% female.25 This may be a result of waves of migration dominated by men who have left the country for economic reasons it was mainly for employment.
Diaspora Ministry has initiated the process of business networking in Diaspora 26 . Business networking organization in the Diaspora aims to promote business investment from abroad,collect the largest possible number of people from the business community in the Diaspora, where they will connect the recognition of new contacts and promote their companies as well as other issues that are in favor of creating a more suitable climate investment in homeland.
This networking will help to create a powerful lobby of Kosovo, and this will have multiple benefits for Kosovo, as well as the Diaspora, in terms of investment and profitability of their business and creating homeland facilities to invest their capital at home. The creation of networks also created the Presidency (board) of the businesses in the Diaspora network, which will support and promote Diaspora businesses that are interested in investing and doing business information point in Kosovo. Members of the proposed business networks Diaspora in certain places, selected participants (entrepreneurs) who propose members preferred to be part of networking. Then these members elect the President of the Presidency of this
organization.
23 Ibid. P. 20 24 Ibid. P. 23 106 25 Ibid. P. 19. 26 Networking of the Business in Diaspora began in 2013 and continued in 2014. KOSOVAMP 2013
In this period the Ministry of Diaspora has helped the process of Diaspora networking businesses in four countries: Switzerland, Germany, Austria, USA (New York). 2014 has continued the process of networking and in other countries, and has established Global Business Union Diaspora.
Also, compared with last year, as a result of the process of business networking and Diaspora and other activities, have been identified largest number of businesses in Diaspora. There are more than 3800 businesses registered in the Diaspora which are different places in the USA and Europe and about 400 businesses registered in Kosovo Diaspora. This number can be trusted to be even bigger than that and believe that it will grow in the process of networking and business in other countries and in the process of drafting the Registry of Diaspora Associations and Other Forms of their organization. It is presented in Annex Table with Diaspora businesses.(Table-45).
C5. Repatriation and reintegration of Kosovo citizens returned from foreign countries C5.1. voluntary and forced Readmission Law No. 03 / L-208 and Readmission agreements27 set the rules and procedures for readmission of a person who is a citizen of the Republic of Kosovo or the foreigner who does not fulfill the conditions in force for entry or residence in the territory of the State.
The process of re-admission / readmission begins under an official order or an injunction from a host country that denies legal status of a person or family in that state. Following this decision, the sending states contact Kosovo institutions to confirm the origin or nationality of the person concerned. After receiving confirmation readmission by Kosovo institutions, a person can turn in Kosovo. Upon reaching his / her at the airport, the Kosovo institutions are obliged to accept the person, assess the health status of the person, obtain additional information about the person's needs and provide him / her with information about their rights and opportunities for reintegration.
If the person on the day of arrival can not get to the place of residence of his / her in Kosovo, the Kosovo institutions have an obligation to provide temporary accommodation for up to seven days. Moreover, when such a thing is necessary, they should arrange transportation to the destination municipality. Upon arrival in the municipality of origin, municipal institutions, respective departments and offices or separate centers are responsible to provide the necessary assistance for the person re-integration that includes civil registration, housing and access to public services, as well as in health, education, employment and social welfare. The repatriated who return to the border crossing points fall within the categories of voluntary and forced returns.
Annual data show that the number of readmitted (forced and voluntary) during the last three years is 13,790
people. Of this number 303 or 2%, are by Member States of the EU, (only in relation to countries with which
107 27 Agreements signed: Albania, France, Switzerland, Germany, Denmark, Norway, Austria, Slovenia, Czech R, Belgium,
Luxembourg, Netherlands, Montenegro, Sweden, Finland, Bulgaria, Hungary, Malta, Estonia, Lichtenstein, and Croatia MP KOSOVAMP 2013
no bilateral agreement), while the number of readmitted from third countries (only in relation to countries with which no bilateral readmission agreements) is 281 or 2%. This indicates that there is need for continued implementation of national legislation in the field of readmission.
GRAPH76: READMISSION TO THE PERCENTAGE BY LAW ENFORCEMENT AND BILATERAL AGREEMENTS, 2011 – 2013
2% 2% Shtetet Anëtare të BE-së, (vetëm në raport me shtetet me të cilat nuk ka marrëveshje bilaterale) 20% Shtetet e treta, (vetëm në raport me shtetet me të cilat nuk ka marrëveshje bilaterale ) Shtetet Anëtare të BE-së, (bazuar në marrëveshjet bilaterale)
76% Shtetet e treta, bazuar në marrëveshjet bilaterale
SOURCE: BORDER POLICE – BP
While the Member States of the EU (based on bilateral agreements), are readmitted 10431 or 76%, and from third countries, based on bilateral agreements were readmitted in 2775 or 20%.The data show that the readmission of persons repatriated to 96% of the cases with countries with which Kosovo has readmission agreements and in 4% of the cases by applying the law of readmission (Chart 77).
GRAPH77: REPATRIATION (VOLUNTARY AND FORCED) BY THE TOP 10 COUNTRIES, 2011-2013
3000
2500
2000 923 979 1500 592 470 541 1000 713 629 556 556 363 329 410 527 369 500 260 469 202 750 644 627 567 79 363 424 445 125 80 81 329
0 172 91 7649
v 2011 v 2012 v 2013
108
SOURCE: BORDER POLICE – PK MP KOSOVAMP 2013
According to annual data for the past three years the biggest number of readmitted (voluntary and forced) of Germany was 17% (2386), Switzerland 16% (2252), Sweden 13% (1775), Belgium 10% (1447 ), Hungary 10% (1431), Austria 9% (in 1240), France 9% (1177) and other states with rates below 4% and 4%. (Chart 78)
Based on these data, from Kosovo to readmit citizens during the last three years, 78% (10,711) are male while 22% (3079) female. General data for the masculine gender (Chart 79) shows that there was an increase of 17.3% in 2013 (3,906) compared with 2012 (3229).
GRAPH78: READMISSION (FORCE AND VOLUNTARY) BY GENDER, 20011 – 2013
4500 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 v 2011 v 2012 v 2013 FEMRA 912 958 1209 MESHKUJ 3576 3229 3906
SOURCE BORDER POLICE - PK
But, for feminine gender shows that there has been steadily increasing readmitted, 20.7% in 2013 (1,209) compared with 2012 (958), and 4.8% in 2012 compared to 2011 (912).
According readmission data for 2013, the bulk of readmitted of 55% was recorded for the age group 18-34 years, followed by age group 35-64 years (22%), age group 6-13 years (10%), under 0-5 years (8%) and 14- 17 years (4%).
109 MP KOSOVAMP 2013
GRAPH79: READMISSION (FORCE AND VOLUNTARY) BY AGE GROUP, 2011-2013
3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 6 deri 13 14 deri 17 me shum 0 deri 5 18 deri 34 35 deri 64 I panjohur SH SH se 66 v 2011 364 317 105 786 2682 983 30 7 v 2012 343 327 114 784 2386 979 38 0 v 2013 434 494 215 1143 2830 1114 28 0
SOURCE: BORDER POLICE – PK
Readmission data by age group, for the past three years show that there has been increased for 18 - 34 years from 15.6% in 2013 (2,830) compared with 2012 (2386), and (5.2%) compared to 2011 (2682). The age group 35-64 years, is less represent but for this age has been increased from 12.5% in 2013 (1,114) compared with 2012 (979), and (11.7%) compared to 2011 (983), while the age group under 18 years are less represented. As a result of illegal immigration mainly for economic reasons, it is reasonable that adults make up the largest part of readmission.
According to the community, for the past three years (2011-2013) most of the Albanian community belongs readmitted with 72% (9931), 15% Roma, (2037), Ashkali 5% (690), Serbian 3% (427) and Goran 3% (377) while other communities in a smaller number of under 2% and 2%.
GRAPH80: READMISSION TREND (FORCED AND VOLUNTARY) BY COMMUNITIES, 2011 - 2013
12000 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 SHQIPTARË SERB RAE TE TJERË v 2013 3637 91 1156 231 v 2012 2952 112 874 249
v 2011 3342 224 738 184
SOURCE: BORDER POLICE – PK
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Trend of readmitted in 2013, according to records growing communities Albanian community (18.8%) and RAE (24.3%) compared with 2012, while the Serb community marks discount (-23%) and for other community of (-7.7%).
The total number of persons readmitted in 2013 increased for 22% (5115), compared to the previous year 2012 (4187), although below the level of 2010 (5198).Trend of readmission in general ranges from 4000 to 5000 persons per year. During the period 2009 -2013 total of readmitted (voluntary and forced) (23,841) of them were forcibly returned or 65% (15,440) and 35% or Volunteers (8401)
GRAPH81: TREND READMISSION (FORCE AND VOLUNTARY) BY YEAR, 2009 – 2013
6000 5198 5115 4853 5000 4488 4187 4000
3000
2000
1000
0 v 2009 v 2010 v 2011 v 2012 v 2013
SOURCE: BORDER POLICE PK
Voluntary Repatriation according to the IOM -t
Based on the statistics of the IOM office in Kosovo, a total of 202.002 Kosovars who were returned were helped from June 1999 to December 2013. The largest number of voluntary returnees came from Germany, making up 42.1% (85.113) of the group, while they represented Switzerland 17.2% (34,826). However, most of the returnees from Germany and Switzerland were returned in 1999 and 2000, with 18,408 and 55.140 from Germany, while 15,997 and 17,249 from Switzerland, respectively. For other countries, percentages are listed below: Austria (3.9%), Norway (3.8%), Belgium (3.0%), UK (2.2%), the Netherlands (2.1%) and a smaller number of returnees from other European countries, including: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Macedonia, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Luxemburg, Lithuania, Malta, Montenegro, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, USA, Uruguay, Australia and New Zealand.
The total number of individuals who have returned voluntarily assisted increased to 1,411 in 2013 from 1,307 in 2012.This increase is a change in trend from previous years, market which have a regular discount from a peak of 2,204 in 2010. As illustrated in the graph below, this peak was reached following a growing trend by 111
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GRAPH82: ASSISTED PERSONS THAT RETURNED VOLUNTARILY, 2007 - 2013
2500
2000
1500
Numri i të Kthyerve 1000
500
0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
SOURCE :IOM
In 2013, Austria was country with the largest number of persons engaged to assist voluntarily returned with 29.8%, while in 2012 the country who have sent the most was Hungary, which is now in the second place 19.8%. Increasing the total number of persons engaged to assist the voluntary return in 2013, which result in the displacement of the trend described above, can be attributed to increased returns from Austria from 144 in 2012 to 420 in 2013. This increase of returnees from Austria could be the result of several factors. Austria is a prime destination for migrants who are struggling to reach the EU via Serbia, and free travel across the border to Serbia may have contributed to the growth of immigrants arriving from Austria. It's accompanied by a depressed job market in Austria less jobs for immigrants, and a policy of deportation of asylum seekers to be denied by the Austrian authorities can result in the growth witnessed in 2013.
GRAPH83 :THAT ASSISTED PERSONS RETURNED VOLUNTARILY BY COUNTRY OF ORIGIN, 2013
1% 0% 0% 1% Austria 5% Hungaria 5% 30% Belgjika 11% Zvicrra Norvegjija 12% Luxemburgu Gjermania 20% 15% Finlanda Hollanda
SOURCE :IOM 112 MP KOSOVAMP 2013
Regarding the gender structure of persons engaged to assist the voluntary return in 2013, there was a slight increase in the proportion of males from 68.0% in 2012 to 69.8% in 2013. The difference is statistically insignificant; however, the structure is only slightly higher than the gender structure found among the Diaspora and migrant communities, 57% male and 43% female. This may be related to the fact that the feminization of migration from Kosovo is a recent phenomenon and those returning are probably from an older contingent who were more men.
GRAPH84:THAT ASSISTED PERSONS RETURNED GRAPH85:THAT ASSISTED PERSONS RETURNED VOLOUNTARILY BY GENDER 2013 VOLUNTARILY BY AGE GROUP
80%
70% 74% 69% 60% 50% 30.24% Meshkuj 40% Të Rriturit Femra 30% Të Miturit 69.76% 31% 20% 26% 10% 0% SOURCE :IOM 2012 2013
SOURCE :IOM
The percentage of adults who continue to return through IOM programs who wish to return voluntarily has increased considerably, from 69% in 2012 to 74% in 2013. Because the migration and return should be an informed decision, it is reasonable that adults will make up a large part of this group. Regarding the ethnic division of returnees in 2013 it can be seen a decline in the percentage of voluntary returnees from Albania 64% in 2012 and 57% in the year 2013. This follows a general trend over the last few years the percentage of persons from Albania who are helping to voluntarily turn over ten percentage drops from 68% in 2010. This is accompanied by a simultaneous increase in the percentage of persons assisted to return voluntarily from Roma, Ashkali and Egyptians from 18% in 2010 to 28% in 2013.
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GRAPH86: ASSISTED PERSONS THAT VOLUNTARY RETURNED BY ETHINCITY, 2010 - 2013
80% 68% 70% 63% 64% 60% 57% Shqiptarë 50% RAE 40% Serbë 28% 30% 27% 21% Boshnjakë 18% 20% 12% Tjera 9% 7% 8% 10% 7% 5% 4% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 2010 2011 2012 2013
SOURCE: IOM
Profile of returnees
In accordance with the applicable mechanisms and definitions there are four categories of returnees to Kosovo by the Kosovo Ministry of Communities and Returns.
Spontaneous Returns (Small Groups, Individuals): Individuals, families or groups who have returned without any prior warning and do not receive any material assistance before their return or have not planned their return earlier.
Assisted Return: Based on the individual requirements of displaced persons, families or relatively small groups of returnees, offered assistance in money,during and after their return usually through municipalities or NGOs through programs already set.
Organized return: This return is planned and hosted a full package and assists persons before returning.
Readmission - voluntary and forced return (repatriation): In this group of individuals may be classified, families, groups, who have been refused refugee status in third countries.Through diverse projects MCR aimed to build and rebuild homes,schools, sports centers, sewerage network, ndriçimin roads, investing in projects for financial income which enables all communities realize the best conditions for a normal life.
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C5.2. The reintegration of repatriated persons The reintegration of repatriated persons is as a result of the repatriation process. Initially, reintegration of repatriated persons has been the responsibility of UNMIK, UNHCR, IOM and other organizations that have served these cases, while in 2006 this responsibility was transferred to Kosovo institutions.
Government of the Republic of Kosovo is committed to completing the legal basis and Reintegration policies to create the conditions for successful reintegration for repatriated persons and implementation of the necessary reforms in order to meet established criteria for visa liberalization. Upon receipt of the roadmap for visa liberalization, the Government of Kosovo established the Strategy and Action Plan for Reintegration, Regulation no. 10/2012 Reintegration of Repatriated and Reintegration Programme Management and the Government of the Republic of Kosovo has adopted these documents in 2013.
The role and responsibility of government for the reintegration of repatriated persons - Providing effective support for the reintegration of repatriated persons requires close coordination of activities between various central institutions in key areas such as legal reintegration, health, education, employment, social welfare and housing. The key ministries responsible for the re-integration are: Ministry of Interior (MoI), Ministry of Local Government (MLG), Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare (MPMS), Ministry of Health (Moh), Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST) and the Ministry of Environment and Spatial Planning (MESP).Each ministry has a mandate aforementioned special and responsibility for providing basic conditions for return and sustainable reintegration.
Strategic legislative and Reintegration process
Repatriated persons assisted and supported by the Reintegration Program pursuant to Regulation No. GORK. 20/2013Reintegration of Repatriated Persons and Reintegration Program Management, of which is approved by the Government of the Republic of Kosovo in September 2013and the relevant applicable legislation.
Government policy for Reintegration of Repatriated persons are defined in the National Strategy for Reintegration of Repatriated and Action Plan, which was approved by the Government of the Republic of Kosovo in October 2013.
In approving these documents, the Government of the Republic of Kosovo addressed all the challenges identified during the Reintegration of Repatriated Persons, defined and clarified MOCRs mandate in the field of reintegration, Municipal Resettlement Committees, Central Commission for Reintegration and Complaints Commission, as the structure for the reintegration of repatriated persons, who are already fully functional. It also provided the institutional framework for managing the reintegration of repatriated persons, defines roles and responsibilities of central institutions local and at each stage of the reintegration process as a whole, concrete actions to achieve the objectives, defines institutions and support for achieving each objective and activity, specifies the framework for implementation of each activity and establishes procedures and coordination mechanisms to address the needs and promote the rights of persons repatriated. 115
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Functionality of the Department for Reintegration of Repatriated Persons (DRPR)
Department for Reintegration of Repatriated Persons is functional and is organized into four (4) division during the reporting period:
- Division Admission and Accommodation
- Regional Management Division,
- Division for the Resolution of Claims
- Division for Cooperation with organizations International and Local
Within the Division of Admission and Accommodation Office operates host PIA and Temporary Accommodation Centre.
During 2013, the DRPR recruited 14 permanent positions which are included in the payroll of the Ministry of Interior, while during 2014 will recruit additional staff (9 positions).
Management, Coordination and Decision-making at the Central and Local Level
To ensure coordination, facilitation and reduction in management of reintegration process from the moment when citizens return (repatriation) from different countries in Kosovo until the end of the event and as citizens integrate in society, there exists a Case Management System (SMR) which is installed in all municipalities and are conducted all training sessions for officials who use this system.
Ministry of Internal Affairs (MIA), through the Department for Reintegration Repatriated Persons is responsible for policy on reintegration in close cooperation with: MPMS, MMPH, MSH, MASHT, MAPL, MF, MTI, MZHE, MeD, MKK, MBPZHR as well as the continuous cooperation and coordination with local and international organizations regarding the reintegration of repatriated persons.
Reintegration Department initially repatriated persons after confirmation from the Department of Citizenship Asylum and migration are expected to host Office Reintegration,, International Airport Adem Jashari "in Pristina, where these persons were invited in the office to complete form, registered in the SMR, about the services provided by the Program for Reintegration and other services from the central Local and he provided emergency services immediately upon arrival, includes all repatriated persons regardless of age, gender, ethnicity, religion and race.
It also informed that the party should file a claim for benefits Reintegration program at the Municipal Office for Communities Returns and where the demand is directed decision-making bodies provided by Regulation
20/2013, Central Reintegration Commission (CCC) Municipal and Reintegration Commission (MCC)and the party can take a positive or negative decision for the following schemes:
Central Committee decides on requests Reintegration of repatriated persons to benefit by the Program
Reintegration for: Reconstruction and renovation of houses, financing a business plan for revenue generation, 116
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Municipal Reintegration Commission decides on requests of repatriated for emergency benefits as follows: Assistance with food parcels and hygiene, Assistance package for winter, of aid package for furniture and other material assistance, Providing rental housing through residential bonus, occasional assistance if needed for repatriated persons. Also repatriated persons are offered vocational training and employment generating projects revenues.
Children who are repatriated immediately ensured their enrollment in schools, for those students who need additional language learning offered this service together with relevant stakeholders who cooperate in this regard. In Annex (Table No. 44) reflects the benefits and support of repatriated persons during reintegration support immediately after arrival, emergency support within 12 months after repatriation and sustainable reintegration support for the year 2011-2013. Figures 88, 89 and 90 reflect persons reintegrate support immediately after arrival, emergency support and support for sustainable reintegration.
GRAPH87: RE INEGRATED PEOPLE SUPPORTED IMMEADIATELY AFTER ARRIVING, 2011 –2013
400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 2011 2012 2013 Transport deri në vendin e origjinës 163 361 316 Akomodimi i përkohshëm ( 7 ditor 120 166 138 ) në Qendrën e Akomodimit Ushqimi i përgatitur ( 78 166 138 servuar )
SOURCE: DEPARTAMENT FOR REINTEGRATION
GRAPH88:NEW INTEGRATED REFLECTS PERSONS EMERGENCY SUPPORT INSIDE 12 MONTHS, 2011 - 2013
2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 Pakoja e Akomodim me Pakoja e Pako ushqimore ndihmës për qera deri ne 12 ndihmës dhe higjienike dimër ( dru për muaj shëndetësore ngrohje)
2011 127 1137 0 0 2012 165 2006 37 509 2013 148 1173 29 276
117
SOURCE :DEPARTAMENT FOR REINTEGRATION MP KOSOVAMP 2013
GRAPH89:REFLEKS FAMILIES/PERSONS REITEGRATEDSUPPORT SUSTAINABLE REINTEGRATION, 2011 - 2013
300 250 200 150 100 50 0 Aftësim Organizimi i Financimi i Rindërtim/ Mobilimi profesional - kurseve të Renovim themelimit të Ndërtim /inventarizimi përgatitja për gjuhës (mësimi shtëpie biznesit shtëpie i shtëpive tregun e punës plotësues) 2011 0 0 0 4 16 9 2012 153 134 0 48 28 63 2013 268 127 92 44 9 22
SOURCE: DEPARTAMENT FOR REINTEGRATION
A completed application to have met the criteria to benefit from the Programme for Reintegration, a person or family can be readmitted beneficiary of two or more schemes Programme / Fund for Reintegration.
Data for services rendered since 2011 when it started the program functionality / Reintegration Fund by MIA.Trend efficiency works and services provided by the Department for Reintegration Trend efficiency works and services provided by the Department for Reintegration,as a result of raising the level reintegration. Office for Reintegration Department offers needed security and staff training for providing these services at both central and local level, recruitment of staff, decentralization of some powers to the local level, providing effective support in terms of reintegration of repatriated persons, close coordination in the implementation of activities between relevant institutions, insurance, communication.
During the reporting period the Department for Reintegration readmitted individuals are providing services for 4,867 persons.
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C6. Internally displaced persons (IDP) and displaced persons in the region (DPR) Serbia, Montenegro, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia) Government of the Republic of Kosovo, in particular the Ministry for Communities and Returns, under its mandate has consistently taken action for the realization of returns projects and has made subsidizing- financing projects which are based on dialogue, reintegration and development of a multiethnic society.
PID – Persons or groups of persons who have been forced to leave or forced to leave their places of permanent residence in Kosovo from January 1998 and end March 2004 as a result of or in order to avoid the effects of armed conflict, situation of generalized violence, violations of human rights, but remain within the territory of Kosovo.
RDP – Persons or groups of persons who have been forced to flee or to leave their places of permanent
residence in Kosovo between January 1998 and late March 2004 as a result or in order to avoid the effects of armed conflict, situation of generalized violence, violations of human rights and remain outside Kosovo, namely in the region.
Voluntary Returns
The following tables represent the number of 28IDPs and 29RDP-s from 2009 - 2013 as reported by the UNHCR. Information sources indicate that there is a gradual decrease in the number of returns (displaced persons) voluntary. During 2013 there has been a decline in volunteer returns (displaced persons) 73.15% (280) compared with 2012, while 64% (429) compared to 2011.
TABLE29;THE NUMBER OF IDPS AND RDP, 2009 - 2013
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Gjithsej Serbs 439 895 474 363 293 2493 Rome 214 371 120 132 131 968 Ashkali/Egyptian 281 718 395 305 193 1904 Bosnian 43 49 60 84 40 276 Gorani 90 182 106 89 2 478 Albanians 86 99 27 67 103 382 Others 0 4 10 3 1 18
28 Persons or groups of persons who have been forced or obliged to leave their places of permanent residence in Kosovo between
January 1998 and the end of March 2004, in particular, as a result of or in order to avoid the effects of armed conflict, the situation of generalized violence, violation of human rights, but remain within the territory of Kosovo. 29 Persons or groups of persons who have been forced to flee or to leave their places of permanent residence in Kosovo between January 1998 and the end of March 2004, in particular, as a result of or in order to avoid the effects armed conflict, the situation of 119generalized violence, violations of human rights and remain outside Kosovo, namely in the regjion.
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Total 1153 2318 1192 1043 763 6519
SOURCE :UNHCR
GRAPH90:RETURN BY YEAR, 2009 - 2013
Kthimi sipas viteve
2500
2000
1500 Kthimi sipas viteve 1000
500
0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
SOURCE :UNHCR
Semi-structured interviews (IGS) have discovered that certain changes have occurred in the process of returning in the past five years. Particularly, it has become an accepted practice that the integration of IDPs occurred in the place of displacement. Many years after the conflict, some IDPs prefer to integrate in places where they are displaced.
Houses built during the period 2009-2013
Based on the results of the assessment of the level of implementation of the Strategy for Communities and Returns 2009-2013, which is conducted by ECMI Kosovo in cooperation with the Ministry of Community and return and is supported by the Royal Norwegian Embassy and British, during the period 2009-2013 were built 148 flats, about 557 houses funded by the MRC and about 514 houses funded by external interested parties, mainly from EU funds, the British Embassy, UNHCR returnee and some social occasions.
TABLE 30:HOUSES BUILT BY MRC AND EXTERNAL ACTORS, 2009-2013
Year of construction 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Total
Total houses built 229 238 265 247 240 1219
SOURCE:MKR
The table shows that during 2013 there was a decrease in the construction of houses for IDPs and RDP 3% (7) compared with 2012, and 10% (25) compared to 2011.
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Collective centers
Ministry of Community Returns and through project “EU initiatives to support Roma community in Mitrovica "finally managed to close refugee camps Çesmin Lug and Camp "Ostorode"in the northern part of Mitrovica and its inhabitants moved to Roma Mahalla, which provided all necessary conditions for a normal life for 151families respectively 524 persons from Roma, Ashkali and Egyptian communities.
Within the project "EU initiatives to support Roma community in Mitrovica Phase II “ , The main building is managed Leposavic camp with surrounding objects (former military hangar) be closed, where there were 35 families. According to UNHCR and MOCRs, a significant number of displaced persons continues to live in collective centers, respectively IDPs 772 and refugees or 312 families.
TABLE31:NUMBER OF COLLECTIVE CENTRES UNDER UNHCE, 2013
Regions Collective Centres Family Individual Mitrovica 23 104 254 Gjilani 7 133 385 Pristina 6 75 133 Total in Kosovo 36 312 772 SOURCE:MKR
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PART D: MIGRATION POLICIES AND PROGRAMS AND THEIR EFFECTIVENESS IN MANAGEMENT OF MIGRATION AND CHALLENGES OF DEVELOPMENT One of the priorities of the Republic of Kosovo is the development of mechanisms for quality management and quantitative migration and prevention and reduce the negative effects particularly stemming irregular migration. In this regard, The Republic of Kosovo has taken a number of actions being drafted and adopted a series of laws and bylaws, strategic documents and other documents. Among these it is worth emphasizing the Law on Asylum, Law on Foreigners, Law on Border Control, Law on Citizenship of Kosovo, Law on Prevention and Combat Trafficking in Persons and the Protection of Victims of Trafficking, Law on cooperation between the authorities included in the Integrated Border Management, Migration Strategy, Strategy for Integrated Border Management, Strategy to Combat Trafficking in Persons, Strategy for Reintegration of Repatriated Persons, etc. Also, the Government of the Republic of Kosovo has signed a number of agreements in the field of migration, bilateral agreements on readmission of persons who do not meet the conditions for residence in the respective country, police cooperation, and is in the process of negotiating a number of such agreements with other countries.
The aim of these policies is administration of migration in all its forms submitted, and strengthening cooperation with neighboring countries in order to prevent irregular migration and combating human trafficking and smuggling of migrants. Irregular migration problem is closely related to the process European integration and visa liberalization.
D1. Policy framework and laws on migration in Kosovo
The Republic of Kosovo has adopted the legal framework governing, directly and indirectly the field of migration. Besides Constitution, this framework includes a set of laws and bilateral agreements with other countries which are briefly summarized in this section.
D1.1. The policy framework The Republic of Kosovo has drafted / approved a number of policies and strategic documents in the field of migration aimed at combating and preventing human trafficking, integrated border management and the reintegration of repatriated persons.
In this section briefly summarizes each of these documents.
State Migration Strategy and Action Plan 2013 - 2018, is the main national policy on migration. The overall goal of this strategy is the promotion of a transparent system and effective management of regular migration, as well as for prevention and reduction of all forms of irregular migration. Strategy and action plan provides specific measures for capacity building and administrative structures responsible for entry
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and residence of foreigners, legal regulation of entry and asylum seekers stay in place, effective management, control and protection of the state borders and border crossings, etc30.. Diaspora and Diaspora Strategy and Action Plan 2013 – 2018. This is the first strategic document, through which, concrete actions are intended to ensure the advancement of social and political rights of diaspora, preservation of cultural and linguistic identity of the Diaspora, avoidance of assimilation, support for integration into their host countries legal and administrative maximum convenience for those who want to help the economic development of their country. National Strategy Against Trafficking in Human Beings and Action Plan 2012-2017, is the main national policy for prevention and combating human trafficking. It aims to promote the coordination and harmonization of inter-institutional actions, reduce trafficking damage to society, intensify prosecution and punish offenders who commit this type of crime, and to provide improved quality of services to victims of human trafficking.31 National Strategy of the Republic of Kosovo for Integrated Border Management Action Plan 2013- 2018. The National leading document for management of policies and border control. The purpose of this document is to control and effectively supervise borders, national cooperation and internationally among all authorities competent involved in border security and facilitation of the free movement of people and goods, and establishing an effective system and integrated border management, in order to achieve the common goal of open and secure borders32. National Strategy for Reintegration of Repatriated Persons in Kosovoand Action Plan 2013-2017 is the main national policy for the reintegration of repatriated persons. Its goal is the reintegration of Kosovo citizens repatriated through the creation of appropriate conditions for sustainable reintegration into society33. Visa regime policies: The Republic of Kosovo has established a visa regime with 88 countries, mainly the Asian continent and the African continent. Visa regime application has started from July 1, 2013, initially in the diplomatic and consular service of the Republic of Kosovo in the Republic of Turkey.
D1.2. The legal framework in the field of migration As part of fulfilling the criteria set out in Guidance for visa liberalization and recommendations of the European Commission of February 2013, it is recommended Amendment of the relevant legislation in the field of migration, asylum and integrated border management, in order to harmonize legislation with EU and international standards. In this regard, institutions of the Republic of Kosovo during 2013, have changed
30 http://mpb-ks.org/repository/docs/Strategjia_per_Migrim_SHQ.pdf 31 http://mpb-ks.org/repository/docs/TQNJShqip.pdf 12332 http://mpb-ks.org/repository/docs/Serbisht__Plani_i_Veprimit_(tri_shtyllat)_MIK_2013-2018__19.09._2013.pdf
33 http://mpbks.org/repository/docs/Strategjia_Kombetare_per_Riintegrimin_e_Personave_te_Riatdhesuar14112013.pdf MP KOSOVAMP 2013
approved legislation listed below, in accordance with the recommendations and requirements of the European Commission: Law on Foreigners; Law on Asylum; Law on Citizenship of Kosovo; Law for the Control and Supervision of the State Border; Law on Cooperation between authorities involved in the Integrated Border Management; Law on Prevention and Combat Trafficking in Persons and the Protection of Victims of Trafficking.
The field of migration in Kosovo is regulated by the following legislation: Law no. 04 / l-069 for Foreigners (published in the Official Gazette on January 12, 2012)34 This Law regulates the conditions of entry, movement, stay of foreigners in the territory of the Republic of Kosovo. In September of 2013 repealed the Law for Foreigners with Law no. 04 / L-219 for Foreigners (published in the Official Gazette on September 5, 2013)35, in order to harmonize with the acquits communautaire of the EU. The new law regulates the conditions of entry, movement, attitude and employment of foreigners in the territory of the Republic of Kosovo. With the adoption of the new Law on Foreigners melting of the law is made for granting permission to work and Employment of Foreign Nationals in the Republic of Kosovo under the new law for foreign and a number of changes in order to facilitate the procedure for the issuance of work permits for foreigners procedure for voluntary departure order and forced eviction order and fines for foreign, also regulates the issue of trafficking of foreigners in the Republic of Kosovo. Law no. 04 / L-073 Asylum (published in the Official Gazette on January 12, 2012)36 , This law regulates the granting of asylum and recognition of refugee status, granting of temporary or subsidiary protection, people in need and their return to their country of origin, or to a third country. In September of 2013 it was repealed the Law on Asylum Law no. 04 / L-217 Asylum (published in the Official Gazette on 30 August 2013)37, in order to harmonize with the acquis communautaire of the EU and determination of all rights and obligations of asylum seekers under the EU Directives. The new law regulates the conditions and procedures for the recognition of refugee status, additional protection, temporary protection, the status, rights and obligations of asylum seekers, persons with refugee status, and persons granted subsidiary protection and temporary protection.
Procedures for the acquisition and loss of citizenship of the Republic of Kosovo and other issues related to
citizenship are determined through Law no. 03/034 for Kosovo Citizenship (published in the Official
34 http://gzk.rks-gov.net/ActDetail.aspx?ActID=2797 35 http://gzk.rks-gov.net/ActDetail.aspx?ActID=8876 124 36 http://gzk.rks-gov.net/ActDetail.aspx?ActID=2798 37 http://gzk.rks-gov.net/ActDetail.aspx?ActID=8869 KOSOVAMP 2013
Gazette on June 20, 2008)38. In order to regulate the status of stateless persons (apatrid), Law is amended / supplemented with Law no. 04 / L-059 for amending the Law no. 03/034 for Kosovo Citizenship (published in the Official Gazette of November 25, 2011)39. Law on Citizenship of Kosovo and supplement its change, in September of 2013 was repealed with Law no. 04 / L-215 Citizenship of Kosovo (published in the Official Gazette on September 2, 2013)40, in order to harmonize with the acquis communautaire of the EU. The new law defines the way of profit, losing and regaining the Republic of Kosovo statehood and regulates other matters related to the citizenship of the Republic of Kosovo. Changing / updating the Law on Citizenship of Kosovo is made in order to harmonize with the acquis communautaire of the EU, and is regulated naturalization of persons with refugee status, and naturalization husband naturalized person.
Scope of Integrated Border Management (IBM) in Kosovo is regulated by the following legislation:
Law no. 04 / L-072 Control and Supervision of the State Border (published in the Official Gazette on January 20, 2012)41. The law governing border control, police powers within the state, cooperation between state bodies which have competence in border management and responsibilities of the three agencies IBM (Kosovo Police, Kosovo Customs, and the Veterinary and Food Agency). In September 2013 the law was amended with Law no. 04 / L-214 for Change and supplementing the Law no. For Control and supervision of the State Border (published in the Official Gazette on September 2, 2013)42, in order to harmonize with the acquis communautaire of the EU. The main changes in the new law dealing mainly with definitions and naming the law. Law no. 04 / l-216 for Cooperation Between Authorities Involved in Integrated Border Management(published in the Official Gazette on August 30, 2013)43, regulates cooperation between all authorities that are included in the Integrated Border Management and implement joint strategies of these authorities, so that the tasks envisaged for authorities and individual measures relating to prevention, detection and investigation of criminal illegal activities, control, monitoring and relevant international cooperation, be met appropriately, efficiently and effectively.
Law no. 04 / l-218 for Prevention and Combat of Trafficking in Persons and Protection of Victims of Trafficking (published in the Official Gazette on September 4, 2013)44, aims to prevent and combating human trafficking in all its forms. Protection of victims of trafficking including providing rights, legal aid, medical assistance, psycho-social support, compensation insurance and other rights to all persons who are supposed to be or identify as trafficked, regardless of gender, age, marital status, language, physical or mental disability, sexual orientation. National cooperation and international levels in order to prevent and combat trafficking in persons, and providing assistance and protection of trafficked victims.
38 http://gzk.rks-gov.net/ActDetail.aspx?ActID=2515 39http://gzk.rks-gov.net/ActDetail.aspx?ActID=2840 40http://gzk.rks-gov.net/ActDetail.aspx?ActID=8873 41http://gzk.rks-gov.net/ActDetail.aspx?ActID=2801 42http://gzk.rks-gov.net/ActDetail.aspx?ActID=8872 125 43http://gzk.rks-gov.net/ActDetail.aspx?ActID=8868
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Law no. 04 / L-076 for Police (published in the Official Gazette on March 19, 2012)45, regulating the powers and duties of the Police of the Republic of Kosovo, her organization and other issues related to the activities and actions of the Police of the Republic of Kosovo. Readmission of persons who are nationals of the Republic of Kosovo or nationals of other countries, who do not meet or do not meet the entry requirements for furtheror stay in the territory of the requesting State are regulated by the following legislation:
Law no. 03/208 on Readmission (published in the Official Gazette on July 20, 2010)46, rules governing and procedures for readmission of a person who is a citizen of the Republic of Kosovo or a foreigner, which does not comply the conditions in force for entry or residence in the territory of the requesting State. Implementing legislation has priority readmission regarding cooperation on readmission with countries with which Kosovo has not signed bilateral agreements on readmission.
Law no. 04 / l-003 on Civil (published in the Official Gazette on July 22, 2011)47, regulates the meaning and components of civil status of Kosovo citizens, foreign nationals and stateless persons, residing temporarily or permanently in the Republic of Kosovo, defining the rules for creating, maintaining and changing their and the organization and functioning of the civil service in the Republic of Kosovo.
Law no. 04 / L – 095 for Diaspora and Diaspora (published in the Official Gazette on July 3, 2012)48, aimed at maintaining and cultivating national identity, linguistic, cultural and education of members of the Diaspora and Diaspora, and their connection with the institutions of the Republic of Kosovo. It also aims to assist in the organization of migrants in various countries where they live and help, promote and develop intercultural relations between the Republic of Kosovo and states where migrants are present.
Law no. 02 / l-121 for domicile and residence (published in the Official Gazette on October 15, 2008), regulating registration and de-registration of residence and domicile citizens, guest registration and de- registration, change of address of residence, guest registration and de-registration, change of address of residence.
The rights and obligations arising from employment are defined by law as follows: Law no. 03 / l-212 Work (published in the Official Gazette on August 10, 2009),49This law aims to regulate the rights and obligations arising from employment, as defined by this law. Diplomatic and consular missions of the Republic of Kosovo are regulated by law in the following. Law no. 03 / l-125 for Diplomatic Consular Services and the Consulate of the Republic of Kosovo (published in the Official Gazette on January 15, 2009),50this Law governs consular, supports cooperation between the Republic of Kosovo and receiving countries in the field of consular services, and promotes the
strengthening of friendly relations between the Republic of Kosovo and the receiving countries.
45http://gzk.rks-gov.net/ActDetail.aspx?ActID=2806 46http://gzk.rks-gov.net/ActDetail.aspx?ActID=2687 47 http://gzk.rks-gov.net/ActDetail.aspx?ActID=2743 126 48http://gzk.rks-gov.net/ActDetail.aspx?ActID=2831 49http://gzk.rks-gov.net/ActDetail.aspx?ActID=2735 50 http://gzk.rks-gov.net/ActDetail.aspx?ActID=2618 KOSOVAMP 2013
Decision on Visa Regime – The Government approved on 14 December 2012, And entered into force as of the date 01Korrik 2013, which stipulates that citizens can enter without a visa in Kosovo, and citizens who need visas to enter Kosovo. Decision on visa regime is changed / amended by Decision No. 15/158 of 29 November 2013to change the conditions of entry and visa regime for foreigners in the Republic of Kosovo. The decision to establish government authority to monitor the movements of migration No.. 08/158 approved by the Government on 29 November 2013. Authority as a permanent body responsible for compiling and updating the profile migration.
D1.3. International legal framework in the field of migration As stated above a number of declarations and conventions in the field of human rights are directly applicable in Kosovo. Key documents of international law in the field of migration are the Convention on Asylum, UN Convention on the Rights of Migrants and Members of Their Families. In addition to general international documents on human rights, which have direct application in the Republic of Kosovo, as envisaged in Article 22 of the Constitution,
Kosovo during 2013 has continued with the negotiation and signing of bilateral agreements in the field of migration, specifically for readmission and police cooperation. These agreements are listed in this section.
In the field of migration, the Republic of Kosovo has signed the following agreements:
Cooperation Agreement establishing a partnership on migration between the Swiss Federal Council and the Republic of Kosovo;
Agreement on technical cooperation to facilitate the access of persons in need of international protection in the territory and asylum procedures, between the Ministry of Internal Affairs and High Commissioner for Refugees United Nations.
In the field of police cooperation, Kosovo Police has signed the following agreements:
Agreement on cooperation in preventing and combating crime between Kosovo and the Republic of Hungary, in July 2013;
Agreement on cooperation in the field of security between the Republic of Kosovo and the Republic of Finland, in October 2013;
Agreement on Police Cooperation between the Republic of Kosovo and the Swiss Confederation, in October 2013.
In the field of readmission, The Republic of Kosovo has signed a total of 21 agreements readmission by 2013
this number are signed (3) agreement as follows:
Agreement for "readmission of persons residing without authorization” between the Government of the Republic of Kosovo and the Republic of Estonia, in May 2013.
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Agreement for "readmission of persons residing without authorization” between the Government of the Republic of Kosovo and the Principality of Liechtenstein, in June 2013.
Agreement for "readmission of persons residing without authorization” between the Government of the Republic of Kosovo and the Republic of Croatia, in July 2013.
In order to monitor the implementation of bilateral agreements in the field of readmission, during 2013 the Ministry of Internal Affairs has drafted a report regarding bilateral agreements signed by the Republic of Kosovo since 2009.
The report is based on input signatories to agreements.
The Republic of Kosovo has continued with the scope and functioning of diplomatic missions Consular and across the world.Their number by the end of 2013 is 27 and they are reflected in Appendix no. 46.
Since June 2013 is open liaison office in Kosovo in Belgrade and exchanged liaison officers, The initial step in the normalization of relations between the Republic of Kosovo and Serbia, as two independent. Opening the liaison office was preceded by agreement on normalization of relations between Kosovo and Serbia 19 April 2013.
During their stay abroad, Kosovo citizens can cope with the difficulties of different natures and can turn to diplomatic / consular missions to seek advice to overcome them. Help can be provided by diplomatic missions / consular consists of:
Offering help to Kosovo citizens in exceptional cases;
- Providing assistance to prisoners;
- Providing assistance for restoration of Kosovo citizens who have died outside Kosovo and ensuring the protection of their property.
- Issuance of travel account for return to Kosovo citizens;
- Processing of applications for passports and identity cards of the Republic of Kosovo;
- Processing of applications for acquiring the citizenship of Kosovo and for release from citizenship of Kosovo;
- Processing of applications for registration of facts birth, marriage and death; and
- Issuance of certificates of any kind.
The diplomatic mission / consulate can provide assistance for Kosovo citizens only when verified that the citizen does not have found himself in trouble at the same time and nationality of the receiving state.
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GRAPH91:PERSONAL DOCUMENTS ISSUED IN DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR MISSIONS , 2011 - 201351
19874
11844 11653 9706
6601 5873
Frankfurt Shtutgart Berlin Cyrih Gjenevë Tjera
SOURCEI:MFA
From the beginning of 2011 until the end of 2013,issuance of personal documents (passports and IDs) in Diplomatic and Consular Missions in Kosovo has achieved constant growth. During this period, in Diplomatic and Consular Missions in Kosovo65,551 were issued personal documents. It is worth mentioning that during 2013 only issued approximately 36,500 personal documents (12.500 IDs and 24.000 passports),which is more than in the previous two years. In the following table are given the statistics of personal documents issued in the Diplomatic and Consular Missions in Kosovo.
The total number of issued travel account by Diplomatic and consular missions in Kosovo, Kosovo citizens who have not been provided with a passport, is 1501.The largest number of these travel account is issued in Zurich 550 (36,6%), Geneva 360 (23.9%), Brussels 273 (18.1%) and Vienna 145 (9.6%).The rest of the travel account is issued in Diplomatic / consular missions in Paris, Zagreb, Rome, Bern, Sofia, The Hague, Istanbul and Stockholm.
Of the total number of travel account (1501) issued 255 official use of vehicles plotline repatriation of Kosovo citizens. Of this number, the diplomatic / consular mission to Vienna are released 145 (56%), Geneva 55 (21.5%) and Stamboll 23 (9.1%) for the official use of vehicles return to Kosovo.
51 Others in the graph refer Diplomatic / Consular Missions of Kosovo in Vienna, Bern, Paris, Brussels, Rome, Stockholm, New 129York, London and Istanbul.
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D2. Overview of national institutional framework and stakeholders in the field of migration D2.1. Local institutions in the field of migration Institutions responsible for the oversight and implementation of migration policy in the Republic of Kosovo by the government's decision are as follows:
1. Ministry of Internal Affairs (MIA)
2. Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA)
3. Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST)
4. Ministry of Diaspora (MOJ)
5. Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare (MPMS)
6. Central Bank of Kosovo (CBK)
7. Ministry of Justice (MOJ)
8. Ministry of Finance (MoF)
9. Ministry of Communities and Returns (MCR)
10. Ministry of European Integration (MEI)
11. Statistical Agency of Kosovo (SAK)
For more information on the responsibilities of the above institutions on migration refer expand Profile migration in 2012.
Governmental Authority for Monitoring the Movements of Migration, is responsible for compiling and updating the Profile Migration, continuous monitoring of the implementation of migration policies, analysis of migration policy objectives, providing expertise regarding legislative changes, cooperation and coordination with institutions, and international organizations regarding the provision of technical assistance in field of asylum and migration, capacity building in the field of asylum and migration, development of research in the field of migration and examining ways of cooperation with regional initiatives in this field.
Republic of Kosovo institutions give priority to issues dealing with Kosovo living or staying out of the state of Kosovo. For this purpose, established in 2011 is the Ministry of Diaspora, as an institution responsible for the design and implementation of policies and legislation for the Diaspora and Diaspora.
Protection and development of the Diaspora identity, sustainable links between them and the institutions of the Republic of Kosovo, which provide administrative services that strengthen relationships and communication with the Diaspora, offering educational programs that strengthen cultural relations between the Republic of Kosovo and States in which Diaspora lives, are all targets of the Government of the Republic 130
of Kosovo that are implemented through the Ministry of Diaspora. MP KOSOVAMP 2013
D2.2. Organizations and civil society actors in the field of migration
Regarding the cooperation with civil society in the field of migration, A number of local civil society organizations are actively involved in supporting the implementation of legislation and policy in this field through projects and various activities .Leading civil society actors involved in this field are :
- Civil Rights Program Kosovo (CRP-K); - Kosovo Rehabilitation Centre for Torture Victims - Resource Center for Advocacy and Training Center (ATRC) - Kosovo Agency for Advocacy and Development (KAAD)
D3. Regional and international cooperation on migration
In the implementation of legislation and policies in the field of migration, Kosovo institutions have developed various forms of cooperation with organizations and special initiatives in the field of international and regional migration. Kosovo has also established bilateral cooperation with individual states.
D3.1 Cooperation with organizations and regional and international initiatives, as well as other international actors in the field of migration - Key actors in this category involved in migration are:
- International Organization for Migration (IOM)
- Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) Mission in Kosovo
- United Nations Program for Development (UNDP) in Kosovo
- Office of the High Commissioner of the United Nations for Refugees (UNHCR)
- United Nations Fund for Children (UNICEF);
- EU Office in Kosovo (ZBE);
- International Centre for Migration Policy Preparation (ICMPD);
- Danish Refugee Council (DRC);
- Arbeiter Samariter Bund (ASB);
- (CARITAS);
- European Centre for Minority Issues (ECMI).
For more information on the scope of the above organizations and the nature of cooperation in the field of migration refer expand Profile migration in 2012.
131As part of the assistance provided by ZBE, since January 2013 is being implemented Twinning project on
migration "Strengthening Readmission and Sustainable Reintegration in Kosovo" in order to increase the MP KOSOVAMP 2013
analytical capacity for policy-making within the Ministry of Internal Affairs, with particular emphasis on strengthening the cooperation between central and local level, help in advancing regulatory and administrative framework and improving case management for the purpose to achieve Sustainable Reintegration in Kosovo. Regarding the cooperation with regional and European initiatives, the Republic of Kosovo has intensified its efforts in this direction during 2013. With participation in thematic roundtables and conferences organized by the Regional Initiative on Migration, Asylum and Refugees (Marri);European Agency for the Management of Operational Cooperation at the External Border Member States of the European Union (Frontex).Also, during 2013 the Ministry of Internal Affairs in the framework of cooperation with Eason has submitted a document in this organization to the needs of the Kosovo authorities, including assistance in the interpretation and implementation of the Law on Asylum, interview techniques and common procedures asylum.
D3.2. Bilateral cooperation in the field of migration Kosovo cooperates steadily on diplomatic missions present in the country, in the field of migration. Embassy of Hungary, Norway and Sweden have appointed attaches migration in Kosovo, but are also a number of embassies that do not have such attaché appointed yet, but the cover this area by other diplomats. Foreign diplomatic missions accredited in Kosovo, as well as international organizations accredited in Kosovo who have diplomatic status are reflected in the supplements (See Table No. 46).
During 2013, the Ministry of Internal Affairs has organized regular meetings with immigration attaché in diplomatic and consular missions accredited in Kosovo in order to exchange data and discussion about the challenges in the field of asylum and migration.
In order to raise the awareness regarding the Kosovars irregular migration to the EU, the Government of the Republic of Kosovo has begun an intensive campaign to prevent irregular migration and inform the broader public about the process of repatriation and reintegration in Kosovo, as well as opportunities to benefit from the reintegration program. For more click build awareness campaign (www.visalib.info).
In order to further policy development, international and regional cooperation and institutional capacity building in this area, the following recommendations should be considered. Continuation of the negotiation and conclusion of bilateral and multilateral agreements on migration.
- Enhancing cooperation and membership in regional initiatives in the field of European and international migration;
- Continued expansion of networks for issuing visas in diplomatic and consular missions;
- Continuation and intensification of awareness in order to prevent irregular migration;
Continuation and intensification of awareness in order to prevent irregular migration;
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PART E: ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF MIGRATION AND MIGRATION POLICY FOR SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT This section is intended to provide an overview of the impact of migration on the socio-economic development and the effectiveness of policies related to migration.
E1. The effects of migration on socio-economic development of the country of orizin The effects of migration on socio-economic development of the country of origin relating to five key aspects:
- Impact on the economic and financial field;
- Effects of brain gain/drain;
- The impact on the labor market; and
- Impact on demography.
Given that Kosovo is mainly a source of migration, ie mainly a place from which migrants leave, then the effects of migration should begin to analyze from the perspective of immigration.
The impact on the economic and financial
Migration has a primary impact on the economy of the country of origin. The most important impact of migration is considered in the growth of remittances and their use correctly in the interest of economic development. Expansion of legal migration channels will have a positive impact on economic development through the expansion of opportunities and channels for bringing foreign direct investment in the country, but also the Diaspora.
The positive effects
Return migrants together with their financial capital and investment, encourage and support their direct investment in the country's economic field, will also be associated with creation of new jobs;
Creation of new jobs will reduce the tendency for labor migration and increase revenue with a large number of citizens, then it would have a direct impact on economic growth; In the broadest sense, immigration has direct positive impact on the economic area of the country as a result of remittances of migrants to their country however, given that 40% of remittances in Kosovo comes through informal channels is difficult to judge the real impact on the economy; and Kosovo Diaspora is an important factor of economic development of Kosovo. However, this potential
is still not sufficiently utilized and channeled into productive activities that would have economic impact.
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The negative effects
If we talk about the return of migrants mean reduction and their remittances from migration. This would constitute a negative impact in the broadest sense of the economic impact.
Impact on loss / profit of the brain
Kosovo as a new state in the construction and consolidation needs more than ever to return country's intellectual capital or otherwise called brain gain, which will contribute to the establishment of Kosovo institutions. Until now Kosovo institutions have not been able to do more for them on their return after completing their education.
Positive effects
Kosovo citizens very well educated abroad represent an important source and a mitigating factor for the transfer of technology, science and innovation.
The negative effects
Migration due to education or study abroad affects the brain drain the country causing a loss of long-term investment that is made for their education and training
The impact on the labor market
The impact of migration on the labor market should be viewed in context with the unemployment rate in the country as well as the pace of economic development associated with labor market prospects for labor.
Positive effects
While in long-term, migration can be considered as a negative phenomenon in the labor market, on the other hand it has a positive impact in the short term, as falling unemployment accompanied by the active population. Return migration of citizens from Kosovo will contribute to the transfer of skills and knowledge gained in destination countries as a new culture and ethics of working and the missing professions and trades in the labor market in Kosovo. The large number of immigrants from Kosovo together with the diversity of their geographic distribution in almost all countries of Europe, but also beyond, provides the premise that by returning to Kosovo emigrants brought a valuable contribution to the power skilled labor.
The negative effects
Migration is associated with depletion of the labor force, since most immigrants are relatively young population and constitute the most active population contributing to the labor market.
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Besides immigration, a labor market has an impact on population movements from one area to another area of the country. Labor migration, or otherwise called "internal emigration, which must be analyzed in light of the impact on the labor market along with classic migration to other countries of destination.
Impact on demography
Immigration as a movement or shift of population from country of origin to country of destination, or as a movement of population from one area to another area within the country, necessarily associated with changes in demography. Immigration has an impact not only on the change in the number of people but also of gender, age, qualification etc. In the long term, migration has a negative impact on the demographic situation in Kosovo. Although Kosovo has a positive degree of population growth (2013 estimated to be 0.97%), Kosovo is obviously losing population due to migration. International migration will affect you in the future to have:
Declining fertility rates, which means; Impact in the population of Kosovo and also
• Loss of the general population due to migration
E1.2. Impact of migration on trade and investment Judging from the figures provided by the Central Bank of Kosovo, flaring that foreign direct investment coming from four countries: Turkey, Germany, Switzerland and with a significant increase this year from Albania. Given that Germany and Switzerland are countries where there is a huge community of emigrés from Kosovo, we can then conclude that a part of foreign direct investment can be from the immigrant community. Another aspect may be the fact of the impact of these communities on foreign companies that decide to invest in Kosovo.
Turkey has increased investments in Kosovo in 2013 compared with the previous year which combined with the above figures show the growth of direct investment from Turkey the marked increase in the number of immigrants. Maybe cause and effect relationships between migration and FDI in the case of Turkey is quite complex and involves other factors such as historical cultural and linguistic as in some parts of Kosovo Turkish is spoken widely.
While direct investment increased from Albania can be explained by combining the factors mentioned in the case of Turkey with other factors such as the transfer of the business because of family ties which was demonstrated by the increase in family reunification from Albania and Kosovo; increased demand for
residence permits for family reunification.
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Positive effects
Also, the fact that emigration from Kosovo is not new but has created financial capital and therefore a potential investment return migrants will automatically bring the possibility of bringing these direct investments in Kosovo.
Based on the data presented in chapter B, it is clear that Kosovo's trade deficit is financed to the extent of over 30% primarily from remittances (there was an increase of 2.5% 2013 compared with 2012), for which further explains why remittances make up 12% of GDP.
E1.3. The social impact of migration The social impact of immigration closely related to the effect that immigration has on unemployment and poverty alleviation. The social impact of migration is complex and can produce positive effects and negative at the same time.
At the individual level / Family monthly amount of money sent from the Diaspora is close to the average monthly gross wage in Kosovo, which is estimated to be € 340 in 2009 and the net is lower than the average of remittances from the Diaspora for families. According to the UN Development Program (UNDP, 2010), Diaspora remittances contribute about 40 percent of the total monthly income of families who receive it.
At the national level, the social effects of migration include:
Positive effects
The positive effect of falling unemployment due to emigration among others, and in fact is the reduced budget to pay the costs of the unemployed category.
Negative effects
But at the same time we have reduced the budget to cover the payment of unemployment benefits, due to the decrease of unemployment by immigration, have and reduction of tax revenues to the budget.
Migration also produces effects on the elderly, especially in rural areas from which comes the biggest influx of immigrants. Because of absence of support from children or elderly relatives left alone are forced to cope on their own services.
E2. Effects of socio-economic development of migration policies and other interventions aimed at migration
For countries that have significant migration as Kosovo's integration policies related to migration in national development strategies likely to promote economic and social development and maximizes the impact of migration on development. Theoretically Migration policies and programs aimed at better management of
migration and more efficient use of its economic development of Kosovo. 136 MP KOSOVAMP 2013
In practical question arises: Do these policies and programs are implemented effectively and efficiently to ensure the desired effects?
Citing World Bank can be said that just as all economies in the Western Balkans, Kosovo's economic revitalization is not likely to happen without improvements in the labor market and the overall investment climate.
Kosovo during 2013 drafted and adopted the National Strategy for Migration 2013-2018 which addresses the commitment of the Government of the Republic of Kosovo to prevent irregular migration and to strengthen legal migration, advancing and facilitating legal migration and migration simultaneously turning positive factor for economic development. At the same time this strategy expresses readiness to intensify dialogue and regional and international cooperation in order to identify common priorities and addressing common challenges for the management of bilateral and regional migration. Through the Strategy and Action Plan 2013-2018 Migration, migration and management aims to strengthen interagency cooperation and regional cooperation. The main aim of the international and preventing irregular migration and combating trafficking of migrants. In addition, the strategy aims to include in this vision and relevant international organizations and civil society.
This strategic document is divided into two parts: Migration Strategy and Action Plan, which contains objectives and activities are planned to meet the five year period 2013 - 2018.
As with previous Strategy mainly focus in this strategy and irregular migration management of refugee return and no effective mechanisms to determine which make it possible to build bridges to promote the economic aspects of migration. However, it should be noted that, as seen in data from the central bank a very positive development during 2013. The climate is improving for doing business in Kosovo. When immigrants decide to return, they often bring savings as they use these savings depends on a number of policies, such as the ease of doing business and availability of information on investment opportunities.
Facilitate the transfer of remittances from the diaspora and lowering the cost of delivery affects the growth of remittances (remittances).Until now, rural areas are somehow neglected because bank branches to facilitate money transfers are mainly in urban areas.
Also, given the large number of migrants and growing insurance protection and promotion of their rights must also be a priority of the government of Kosovo. Protecting the rights of immigrants can be provided through bilateral agreements with host countries. Most often Kosovo as a country that sends immigrants remains much
more to do in this regard.
- Finally, in order to further improve the situation in the field of migration in terms of policies and programs in this field, should be taken into account the following recommendations: 137
- Continuation of the negotiation and conclusion of bilateral agreements on migration; MP KOSOVAMP 2013
- Identify modalities for cooperation and membership in regional and international initiatives in the field of migration; Develop policies and incentives to return, but the financial support of returnees
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PART F: CONCLUSIONS The Republic of Kosovo has developed its legal and institutional framework with the intention of achieving international standards in the field of immigration, as well as to improve regional and international cooperation in this field. Kosovo received the Visa Liberalization Roadmap (guide) in June 2012 and the European Commission published the first report related to the implementation of this roadmap‟s criteria in February 2013. This report highlighted the need for Kosovo to harmonize the legal framework in the field of immigration with EU legislation.
Besides this, the Republic of Kosovo continued to negotiate the Stabilization-Association Agreement with the European Union throughout 2013, while migration policies are an integral part of that agreement. This framework includes the reforms that local institutions will undertake in the field of migration as part of the agenda to join and integrate in the European Union.
Another positive development was the signing of bilateral agreements for cooperation in the field of migration with Lichtenstein and Switzerland, which includes the emigrant‟s seasonal employment, education and training.
During 2013, in the frames of fulfilling the criteria foreseen with the Visa Liberalization Roadmap (Guide), the laws listed in Part D were changed/amended in line with European legislation in the field of asylum and migration.
With regard to institucional developments, the Department for the Re-Integration of Re-Patriated Persons was operationalized during 2013 as an integral part of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. In addition, the National Center for Border Management has relocated within the headquarters of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, while the NCBM in its strukture has operationalized the Unit for Risk Analysis.
Construction of a Foreign Detention Center was also inititated during 2013.
Starting from July 2013, the Republic of Kosovo has started to apply the visa system for 87 different countries based on the government Decision dated 8 May 2013, as amended by the Decision dated 29 November 2013. Item C2.1 elaborates the visa regime in detail.
During 2013, 6 Cultural Centers on Kosovo were established for the Diaspora and Immigration in Turkey, Switzerland, Sweden, Germany, France and the USA. These Centers offer different services and information for Kosovar immigrants, helping preserve their identity as well as providing information on different investment opportunities in the Kosovo market. Also, during 2013, the Ministry for the Diaspora started the process of drafting a Registry of Immigrants, Associations and other forms of their organization. A Form for
the Diaspora Registry has been prepared, as well as a Guide (instruction) for this process. The data
(information) will then be collected from different sources. The registration forms and the Guides on how to fill them out have been distributed among diplomatic and consular missions of the Republic of Kosovo in
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several countries, such as Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Italy, France, England, USA, Turkey, Croatia, Norway, Sweden, Belgium, Slovenia, the Netherlands, Denmark, Finland and Luxembourg.
F1. The main migration results (findings) with respect to future migration tendencies
Immigration
Regular Immigration
The number of foreigners with temporary residential permits has been increasing during the last three years (10%), indicating that Kosovo is becoming a destination for legal migration. As regards foreigners with permanent residential permits, no comparisons can be made this far because the process of issuing permanent residential permits only began in September 2013. Most of the countries of origin of the foreigners who reside in Kosovo (with permanent permits issued via regular means) are neighboring countries and places with which Kosovo developed economic relations: Turkey, Albania, Serbia, and Macedonia. The main reasons for their legitimate stay in Kosovo are linked to the right to family re-union, employment and studies.
Irregular Immigration
The number of rejected cases of irregular entries into the territory of the Republic of Kosovo has dropped during the last three years (-39%). The reason behind this drop is also linked to the increased efficiency of the Border Police in preventing foreigners from entering Kosovo altogether and from having foreigners use it for transit from Turkey and other Asian and African countries, as they endeavor to enter the Republic of Kosovo and then leave through Serbia and Montenegro and into European countries.
The number of illegal immigrants caught in the territory of the Republic of Kosovo during the last three years is between 700 – 800 persons, but compared to 2012, the year 2013 is marked by a 13.5% drop. This proves the efforts made by Kosovar authorities to manage and control irregular immigration and movements within the territory. The main places of origin for people engaged in irregular migration are: Albania, Serbia, Bulgaria and other countries like Moldavia and Turkey.
Kosovar authorities implemented the measures needed for the removal of illegal immigrants from the territory of the Republic of Kosovo and in this respect the year 2013 was marked with an increase to the number of people who were forcefully turned back, when compared to the year 2012 (41%), but also a decrease by - 7,4%, when compared to the year 2011.
When it comes to the nationality of the people who were forcefully turned back or deported, they were mostly from countries in the region such as Albania, Serbia, Bulgaria and other countries such as Turkey and Moldavia.
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Emigration MP KOSOVAMP 2013
The year 2013 was characterized with an increasing number of Kosovar emigrants, especially to EU member states and Schengen states. This increasing trend has been noted among the regular and irregular migration categories
Regular migration
Related to the regular migration, based on the EUROSTAT data for the citizens of the Republic of Kosovo with valid residential permits in EU member states and the Schengen area, there is an increasing trend for 2013 comparing to 2012, respectively 20,080 Kosovar citizens with valid residential permission in EU member states and Schengen area comparing to the number of 18,218 in 2012, which in percentage for the year 2013 (20,080) is higher for 10,2% comparing to the year 2012 (18,218). From the total from 2013, states that are more represented are: Germany (39%), Switzerland (13%) and Italy (12%). The reasons for this increase, based on the statistical data, is a domination of family union category with 65,2%, followed by employment activities with 6,1% and education with 3,4%.
Irregular migration
On the other side, year 2013 is characterized with the phenomena of irregular migration of Kosovars towards EU member states and Schengen area states. One of the reasons of this major increase of this phenomenon is related also to the achievement of agreement of freedom of movement between Kosovo and Serbia, for which Kosovar citizens have used the territory of Serbia as a transit for illegal passage in the territory of Hungary. Another element of analysing and grounding of this number increase of irregular migration of Kosovars in EU member states and in the Schengen area is the increase for 109% of Kosovar citizens to whom was rejected border crossing or were caught at the border in the EU member states and in Schengen area, respectively from 670 persons in 2012 to 1405 persons in 2013. This reported increased number comes as a result of Croatia‟s membership in European Union on 1st of July 2013 and their reporting to EUROSTAT as well as a consequence of non-information of Kosovar citizens regarding the change in procedures and rules of entering in the territory of Croatia where we have 51% from the total of rejected entrances in this country out of the total rejections in EU member states and Schengen area.
Asylum-seekers in Kosovo Kosovo is accepting asylum-seekers as well from the foreign countries and in accordance with the international rules and national legislation reviews requests for asylum. Kosovo as a transit country (its geographical position, migration ways from south to north, conflict in Syria, Pakistan as well as the insufficient management of migration in Greece and Turkey and their policies) have influenced in a certain
degree that asylum-seekers look for migration way through Kosovo. Anyway, the number of asylum-seekers is not very high and is declining in the last years, but in comparison with 2012 there was an increase of 34,7%. Main countries of origin of asylum-seekers in Kosovo are from: Syria, Pakistan, etc. 141
Kosovar asylum-seekers in EU states MP KOSOVAMP 2013
The number of Kosovar asylum-seekers in EU states and Schengen area states in the last previous years has had a declining trend, excluding year 2013. Based on the EUROSTAT statistics, the number of Kosovar asylum-seekers in EU and Schengen area states for the year 2013 was 21,090 comparing to the 10,335 from 2012, or 104% more in 2013 compared to the year 2012. The largest number of registered Kosovar asylum- seekers is in Hungary, France, and Germany and goes on with other states of European Union and Schengen area states.
F2. Improvement of migration statistics
Identify and explain gaps’ existing data and faced problems in data collection
Migration is a complicated phenomenon in many aspects, where are involved many institutions, which have different deadlines for data collection (deadline of annual data submission) –gaps:
The deadline for data collection which is used in compiling the Migration Profile vary from institution to institution and this makes difficult compiling a plan as a result of having certain deadlines of drafting this document and it influences in delays up to several months in its finalisation.
Lack of annual data collection for migration, remittances, returnees profiling, cause difficulties in overall data management on migration, and it influences in timely and accurate completion of the Migration Profile document. Addressing these difficulties on missing data collection will influence in quality increase and completed overview on migration trends and accurate policies in the context of overall migration management.
External resources (EUROSTAT, IOM, FRONTEX, etc.) could not be complete at the time of drafting of this document.
Lack of completed data in the area of re-integration, respectively the failure to input the data on the system for managing of cases for re-integration of repatriated persons by the municipalities influences the data quality in this area.
Recommended actions / strategies to improve migration data
Recommended actions about the data:
IT system improvement for data collection in a harmonized way; Training of relevant institution officials in data collection and analysis, and in main sectors of migration management;
Inter-institutional cooperation improvement as well as towards the municipal level; 142 MP KOSOVAMP 2013
Involvement of academic institutions and non-governmental sector in drafting the document in general; Support and external expertise offer, especially towards analytic progress of the document and main institutions involved in migration management; Involvement in regional initiatives, establishment of strategic partnership with European and international organisations. Training of municipal officials especially in the aspect of re-integration of repatriated persons in their utilisation of drafting of this document; Utilisation of this document for the purposes of drafting/reviewing of existing policies in the area of migration management.
Suggestions on how to regularly update the National Migration Description (Profile)
National Authority for Migration is established and relevant institutions‟ officials have participated in drafting of two Migration Profiles. Even so, there are still gaps regarding the inclusion of all relevant data on migration policies, joint work in data quality as well as related to the part of analysing (drafting of policies based on evidence). Support of authorities is necessary in further development of Kosovo Migration Profile, taking into consideration the migration perspective as a supporting element in socio-economic development.
Drafting (and updating) of migration profiles should be a regular exercise, and it is recommended to update the migration profile every year, therefore it is suggested to appoint contact points for migration profile in relevant ministries and authorities. This could ensure sustainable commitment and an institutional memory.
In order that this sustainability is ensured further, we could establish a procedure in a form of Standard Action Procedure in elaborating the Migration Profile (MP). This procedure will determine the time of regular meetings, will identify relevant participants, responsible persons and authorities in implementing or following the tasks, which they agreed upon, related to the migration profile drafting. Furthermore, it is recommended to prepare a brief instruction document (3-4 pages) where will be described the approximate structure of the Profile from the visual as well as substantial aspect.
It is important to get an agreement regarding the principle that all institutions should take the responsibility for their part; however they should not comment up to a certain degree the other parts until they are not against the necessity of being inclusive.
In drafting the MP are encouraged quarterly or bi-annual reports: ministries can ask for information from the
implementing agencies/municipalities, authorities through a simple questionnaire of a single page (by preparing the reporting template), where could be explained new trends and reasons. This would facilitate the elaboration of Migration Profile and would be very beneficial in the regular collection of updated information. 143
During the drafting of the Migration Profile, besides using internal data, one could also use international ones. MP KOSOVAMP 2013
F3. Recommendations related to migration managing As part of Western Balkans, Kosovo has become a key point on the main migration roads toward the EU. Consequently, the empowering of the cross-border cooperation as well as the exchange of experiences and information between the institutions, including the police of the region‟s countries, in the field of managing of the migration, is an immediate necessity.
Particular fields where more developing policies and interventions are necessary
According to the analysis and the findings of this document, interventions in several fields may be proposed:
- Identification and empowering of efficient institutional mechanism that will contribute to or have an impact on the migration phenomenon; - Empowerment of mechanisms for identification and profilization of individuals in need of international protection; - Empowerment of mechanisms for making possible the identification of countries of origin of undocumented persons; - Advancing of mechanisms for repatriation to the country of origin of persons found of having no need for international protection; - Provision of interpreters and considering having long-distance translation. - Strengthening of regional and international cooperation - Establishment of strategic partnerships with European agencies and international organizations dealing with migration management, as EASO, FRONTEX, EUROPOL, INTERPOL, etc.; - Kosovo‟s inclusion in regional initiatives dealing with migration issues, as MARRI, etc.; - Signing of cooperation agreement between Kosovo and the neighboring countries about issues related to migration management; - Signing of technical agreements between international organizations operating in Kosovo regarding the managing of mixed migration, monitoring of borders, and expectations and examination of procedures; - Negotiating and signing of readmission agreements, in particular with countries of origin; - Negotiating and signing of partnership agreements in the migration field, in particular with EU and Schengen Zone countries. - Advancing of capabilities on migration management in general
- Provision of modern technologies as well as operational equipment for conducting mobile checks by
the border police, and routine checks; - Erection of separate facilities for temporary shelter of people who do not need international protection, for instance retention centers for foreigners.
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- Increase of inter-ministerial cooperation on a national level as well as the participation of the civil society and the academic one in all courses of policymaking. - Increase of quality of higher education and of professional schools with the purpose of meeting the needs on the labor market. Increase of scholarships and other financial supportive means for education that would slow down the number of youngsters who leave abroad out of education motives.
Key recommendations on how to improve migration management
Since Kosovo has a large number of emigrants and, at the same time, has a young population and a high unemployment rate, the best alternative then might be to create inter-sectorial and development policies related to migration. Public policies should facilitate mi8gration policies, reduce remittance transaction costs and promote investment opportunities for returning migrants. In order to be a better judge of the great role played by the investments made by the Kosovar Diaspora and Emigrants, it is necessary to separate the data on direct foreign investments made in Kosovo, from the investments made by the Diaspora.
In order to promote legal migration as one of the possibilities to emigrate from Kosovo in the future, the responsible authorities in Kosovo should spend more in efforts to manage the process by drafting policies at each stage of the process before migration, such as before decision-making, pre- employment and pre-departure.
Local stakeholders in the field of migration should create programs of cooperation with countries of destination during migration, in order to make sure that the emigrants have the proper legal status since all studies indicate that emigrants with a regular legal status are in general more successful than those who do not have that status.
In spite of the great importance of remittances made by emigrants to develop the country‟s economic life, the question ensues – how long will the country continue to depend on such remittances (monetary proceeds/assistance). The country‟s relevant institutions should draft policies for purposes of internal economic development, in order to gradually reduce the dependency from such remittances, until export becomes the main source of income.
The determination of quotas for employment, based on the new Law on Foreigners (Aliens), should be done based on analyses that should identify possible shortfalls in the local labor market. The possible visa liberalization for Kosovo citizens is expected to reduce the number of illegal
Kosovar emigrants in EU states.
The induction of legal migration on one hand, and the war against illegal migration on the other, would fulfill the necessary components needed to transform migration into a country‟s development 145
force. MP KOSOVAMP 2013
The MFA, MJ and MLSW (Migration Service Centers) in Kosovo should provide timely information to Kosovar emigrants and the public opinion on the changes to the rules and procedures for border crossing into EU member states and Schengen area countries.
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ATTACHMENTS
I – Sources and the variables (variables) used for data collection
The sources used for data colletion
The statistics of Kosovo Central Bank
ASK statistics system
The data base of the Department of Citizenship, Asylum Migration, the Ministry of Internal Affairs
The system of Migration Department statistics and foreign Border Police
The system of IOM Kosovo
The system of statistics UNHCR in Kosovo
The database of Eurostat
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II –Statistical Appendix for Additional tables (extra ) and figures
TABLE 32::ISSUANCE OF PERMITS TO STAY TEMPORARY BY REASON AND COUNTRY, 2013
Citizenship Total Family Union Jobs Study Other
Total 2078 962 679 128 309 TURKISH 565 227 248 54 36 ALBANIAN 372 205 110 12 45 SERB 278 190 9 43 36 MACEDONIAN 147 76 58 6 7 AMERICAN 127 49 9 0 69 CHINESE 57 5 51 0 1 GERMAN 43 16 8 2 17 BULGARIA 40 7 32 0 1 TAILANDEZE 26 1 25 0 0 FILIPINA 25 5 18 0 2 OTHER 398 181 111 11 95 SOURCE:DCAM
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TABLE33:REFUSAL OF ENTRY BY CITIZENSHIP (10 KEY STATES BY CONTINENT), 2009 – 2013
Refuzim hyrjet sipas shteteve - 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013
Evropa Nr: Azia Nr: Afrika Nr: Amerika Nr:
Serbia 285 Siria 74 Maroku 24 SHBA 2
Shqipëria 196 Kina 45 Nigeria 21 Ekuadori 1 Maqedonia 125 Jordania 40 Kameruni 19 Bolivia 1 Turqia 81 Pakistani 23 Algjeria 18 Kanada 1 Rusisë 56 Irani 13 Egjipti 22 Bullgaria 36 Bangladeshit 12 Gambia 17 Greqia 32 India 12 Kongo 10
BiH 28 Afganistani 7 Senegali 8 Rumania 23 Iraku 6 Bregu i Fildishtë 7 Italia 23 Jemeni 6 Sudani 5 Gjermania 21 Sri Lanka 5 Mali 4 Zvicra 19 Libani 4 Libia 4 Sllovenia 11 Arabia Saudite 4 Guineja 4 Kazakistani 8 Palestina 3 Sierra Leones 4 Franca 8 Kirkistanit 3 Tunizi 3 Ukrain 7 Filipinet 2 Gana 2 Armeni 7 Hong Kong 1 Kameruni 2 Kirgistan 3 Malajzia 1 Kenia 2 Belgjika 3 Tailand 1 Somali 2 Hungari 3 Argjentin 1 Guatemala 2 Moldavisë 3 E.B.Arabe 1 Zimbabvea 1 Azebergjan 3 Uzbekistanit 1 Liberi 1 B. e Madhe 2 Izrael 1 Katari 1 Portugalia 2 Singapuri 1 Bjellorusisë 2 Bahrain 1 Turkmenistan 1 Mali I Zi 1 Spanjës 1 Gjeorgjisë 1 Sllovakisë 1 Austria 1 Totali 993 Totali 268 Totali 183 Totali 5
SOURCE :BORDER POLICE DEPARTMENT, THE UNIT OF ANALYSIS AND RISK ASSESSMENT
TABLE34: AND GRAB THE FOREIGNERS STAYING IRREGULAR R. KOSOVO2009 – 2013
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 The total number of inspections foreigners with irregular 96 276 850 992 1103 status The total number of cases foreigners caught with irregular 100 623 709 817 720 status
SOURSE : DIRECTORATE FOR MIGRATION AND FOREIGNERS, BORDER POLICE
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TABLE 35:NUMBER OF FOREIGNERS IRASTEVE CAUGHT WITH ILLEGAL RESIDENCE IN KOSOVO PROCEEDED IN COURTS DISMISSAL AND ORDER, 2009 – 2013
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 The total number of cases foreigners caught with irregular status 100 623 709 817 720 Cases sent to court 100 354 320 479 482 Voluntary evacuations orders 0 269 389 338 238
SOURCE : DIRECTORATE FOR MIGRATION AND FOREIGNERS, BORDER POLICE
TABLE 36: NAME Age 14--17 18--22 23--25 26--30 31--35 36--40 41-50 Totali Nr.victims 76 66 34 19 9 5 4 213
SOURCE: DIRECTORATE FOR MIGRATION AND FOREIGNERS, BORDER POLICE
TABLE 37: REJECTION OF FOREIGN STATES AND CONTINENTS, 2013
Europe Nr: Asia Nr:2 Africa Nr:3 America Nr:4 Serbia 285 Syria 74 Morocco 24 SHBA 2 Albania 196 China 45 Nigeria 21 Ekuadori 1 Macedonia 125 Jordan 40 Cameroon 19 Bolivia 1 Turkey 81 Pakistan 23 Algeria 18 Kanada 1 Russia 56 Iran 13 Egypt 22 Bulgaria 36 Bangladesh 12 Gambia 17 Greece 32 India 12 Kongo 10 BiH 28 Afghanistan 7 Senegali 8 Romania 23 Iraq 6 Ivory Coast 7 Italy 23 Yemen 6 Sudan 5 Germany 21 Sri Lanka 5 Mali 4 Switzerland 19 Lebanon 4 Libya 4 Slovenia 11 Saudi Arabia 4 Guinea 4 Kazakhstan 8 Palestine 3 Sierra Leone 4 France 8 Kirkistanit 3 Tunisia 3 Ukrain 7 Philippines 2 Ghana 2 Armenia 7 Hong Kong 1 Cameroon 2
Kyrgyzstan 3 Malaysia 1 Kenya 2
Belgium 3 Tailand 1 Somali 2 Hungary 3 Argentina 1 Guatemala 2
Moldova 3 E.B.Arabe 1 Zimbabwe 1 150
Azebergjan 3 Uzbekistan 1 Liberia 1 MP KOSOVAMP 2013
Great B. 2 Israel 1 Qatar 1 Portugal 2 Singapore 1 Belarus 2 Bahrain 1 Turkmenistan 1 Montenegro 1 Spain 1 Georgia 1 Slovakia 1 Austria 1 Total 993 Total 268 Total 183 Total 5
SOURCE: BORDER POLICE DEPARTMENT, AND ANALYSIS UNIT RISK ASSESSMENT
TABLE 38:KOSOVO CITIZENS WHO WERE REFUSED ENTRY AT THE BORDER OR APPREHENDED AT THE BORDER OF EU STATES AND SCHENGEN AREA, 2009-2013
States Total v 2011 v 2012 v 2013
Total 2765 690 670 1405
Croatia 720 - - 720
France 625 280 235 110
Hungary 305 85 80 140
Germany 225 50 85 90
Bulgaria 175 50 65 60
Slovenia 150 0 0 150
Greece 115 75 40 -
Italy 115 35 30 50
Belguim 100 40 35 25
Switzerland 90 45 45 -
Uk 80 0 40 40
Austria 30 15 10 5
Irland 20 5 5 10
Republic Czech 5 5 0 0 151
Netherlands 5 5 0 0 MP KOSOVAMP 2013
Litenshtajni 5 0 0 5
SOURCE : EUROSTAT
TABLE 39:KOSOVO CITIZENS WHO ARE CAUGHT ILLEGALLY RESIDING WITHIN THE TERRITORY OF THE EU MEMBER STATES AND SCHENGEN AREA, 2011 – 2013
States/Year Total 2011 2012 2013
Total 21670 5485 6525 9660
Germany 7430 1715 2645 3070
Swizerland 4355 1285 1280 1790
Austria 2200 530 495 1175
France 2085 630 610 845
Sweden 2060 810 525 725
Hungary 1205 50 190 965
Belgium 790 250 250 290
Italy 375 15 180 180
Croacia 275 : : 275
Uk 250 80 70 100
Greece 120 25 95 :
Other 525 95 185 245
SOURCE: EUROSTAT
TABLE 40:KOSOVO NATIONALS ILLEGALLY RESIDING IN MEMBER STATES OF THE EU SCHENGEN S AND AFTER RELEASE ORDER FOR DISMISSAL BY STATES AND YEARS, 2011 - 2013
States Total 2011 2012 2013 Belguim 6545 2130 2345 2070 France 6320 2045 2070 2205 Hungary 4335 940 1610 1785 Sweden 2595 1065 865 665 Germany 2125 945 1180 0 152
Austria 1625 575 330 720 MP KOSOVAMP 2013
Swizerland 855 : 405 450 Norway 765 250 200 315 Luxembourg 460 : 260 200 Denmark 380 100 180 100 Other 1660 335 425 900
SOURCE : EUROSTAT
TABLE 41 KOSOVO NATIONALS OF MEMBER STATES AND MULTILATERAL REMOVED FROM THE EU AND THE SCHENGEN AREA BASED ON THE ORDER FOR REMOVAL BY COUNTRY, 2011 - 2013
States/Years Total 2011 2012 2013 Hungary 3520 780 1300 1440 Sweden 2490 775 795 920 Germany 1840 710 855 275 Austria 1655 500 365 790 Belgium 1505 640 445 420 France 1330 475 465 390 Norway 490 155 130 205 Croatia 275 275 Uk 270 85 85 100 Finland 220 60 80 80 Luxembourg 210 65 45 100 Denmark 155 35 45 75 Italy 120 5 65 50 Netherlands 100 25 30 45 Slovenia 90 0 0 90 Bulgaria 15 5 5 5 Irlend 15 5 5 5 Czech Republic 5 0 0 5 Poland 5 0 0 5 Slovakia 5 0 5 0
SOURCE : EUROSTAT
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TABLE 42: READMISSION (FORCE AND VOLUNTARY) BY COUNTRY, 2011-2013
States/Year Total 2011 2012 2013
Total 13790 4488 4187 5115 Britain 93 37 40 16 Austria 1240 424 260 556 Belgium 1447 567 410 470 Denmark 206 76 49 81 Finland 250 91 80 79 France 1177 445 369 363 Germany 2386 750 713 923 Netherlands 83 24 35 24 Hungary 1431 363 527 541 Italy 144 59 50 35 Irlend 7 2 4 1 Canada 83 30 33 20 Croatia 165 44 78 43 Luxemburgu 177 47 65 65 Mexico 2 2 0 0 Norway 499 172 125 202 Portugal 1 1 0 0 Romania 8 0 5 3 Slovenia 77 38 21 18 Sweden 1775 627 556 592 Australi 1 0 1 Spain 15 2 5 8 Usa 133 31 86 16 Swizerland 2252 644 629 979 Rep. Qeke 16 5 5 6 Rep. Slovak 8 1 7 0 Polond 1 0 0 1 Turkey 15 6 2 7
Montenegro 23 0 0 23
Bosnia and Herzegovina 33 0 6 27 Albania 1 0 0 1 Macedonia 14 0 0 14 154
Estonia 1 0 1 0 MP KOSOVAMP 2013
Greece 26 0 26 0
SOURCE: BORDER POLICE - PK
TABLE 43: READMISSION (FORCED AND VOLUNTARY) BY SEX, AGE GROUP, AND KOMUNITETTEVE, 2011- 2013
Year 2011 2012 2013 Total Sex Woman 912 958 1209 3079 Men 3576 3229 3906 10711 AGE 0 until 5 364 343 434 1141 6 until 13 SH 317 327 494 1138 14 until17 SH 105 114 215 434 18 until 34 2682 2386 2830 7898 35 until 64 983 979 1114 3076 More than 66 30 38 28 96 Unknown 7 0 0 7 COMMUNITIES ALBANIA 3342 2952 3637 9931 SERB 224 112 91 427 ROM 506 667 864 2037 ASHKALi 212 198 280 690 EGYPTIAN 20 9 12 41 GORAN 77 151 149 377 TURK 9 11 14 34 BOSNJAK 98 81 61 240 OTHER 0 6 7 13
SOURCE: BORDER POLICE - PK
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TABLE 44: BUSINESSES DIASPORA, 2012 -2013
The number of registered The number of registered state businesses in 2012 businesses in 2013 Kosovo More than 300 businesses More than 400 businesses Germany More than 150 businesses More than 500 businesses Swizerland about 500 businesses about 500 businesses Usa More than 200 businesses More than 2000 businesses Sweden More than 50 businesses More than 50 businesses Turkey about 100 businesses about 400 businesses Croati about 20 businesses about 100 businesses Sloveni about 20 businesses about 100 businesses Austri about 50 businesses about 400 businesses France about 10 businesses about 50 businesses United Kingdom United / More than 100 businesses A total of 300 registered businesses in A total of 400 businesses identified in Kosovo and about 1100biznese Kosovo in 3800 dherreth businesses identified in the Diaspora. in the diaspora.
SOURCE: MINISTRY OF DIASPORA
TABLE 45: DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR MISSIONS OF KOSOVO, 2009 - 201
Diplomatic and Consular Missions in Kosovo States States of 1 Washington North America America 2 New York 3 United Kingdom London 4 France Paris 5 Germany Berlin 6 Frankfurt 7 Stuttgart 8 Italy Rome Europa 9 Austri Vienna 10 Swizerland Bern
11 Zurich
12 Geneva 13 Belgium Brussels Hage 14 Netherlands 156
15 Sweden Stockholm MP KOSOVAMP 2013
16 Hungary Budapest 17 Bulgarin Sofia 18 Croati Zagreb 19 Sloveni Ljubljana 20 Czech Republic Prague 21 Macedonia Skopje 22 Albania Tirana 23 Turkey Ankara 24 Istanbul 25 Japan Tokyo Asia 26 Saudi Arabia Riyadh Australia 27 Australia Canberra
SOURCE: MPJ
TABLE 46: STATES THAT EXEMPT FROM VISA REGIME FOR INTRODUCTION , TRANSIT AND STAY IN THE TERRITORY OF THE REPUBLIC OF KOSOVO UP TO 90 DAY’S FOR A PERIOD SIX MONTHS FROM THE DATE OF FIRST ENTRY(JULY 2013)
1 South Africa 40 Mbr. Saudi Arabia 79 Rep. Malta* 2 Antigua and Barbuda 41 Mbr. United-Ireland Ver.* 80 Rep. Macedonia 3 Argentina 42 Mbr. Belgium* 81 Rep. Cyprus* 4 Australia 43 Mbr. e Denmark* 82 Rep. San Marinos* 5 Bahamas 44 Mbr. e Jordan 83 Rep. Serbia 6 Bahrain 45 Mbr. e Netherlands* 84 Rep. Slovakia* 7 Barbados 46 Mbr. e Norway* 85 Rep. Slovenia* 8 Belize 47 Mbr. e Spain* 86 Rep. Albania 9 Brunei Darussalam 48 Mbr. e Sweden* 87 Rep. Turkey 10 Bulgaria* 49 Mexico 88 Romania* 11 Botswana 50 Mauritius 89 St. Kitts dhe Nevis 12 Domenik 51 Namibia 90 St. Lucia Saint Vincent and 13 D.Luxembourg's Grand* 52 Nauru 91 Grenadines 14 El Salvador 53 Nicaragua 92 Samoa
15 United Arab Emirates 54 Oman 93 Sao Tome dhe Principe 16 Federation of Micronesia 55 Palau 94 Holy 17 Fiji 56 Panama 95 Swaziland 157
18 Hungary* 57 Papa New Guinea 96 State of israel MP KOSOVAMP 2013
19 Grenada 58 Paraguaji 97 Us-American 20 Guyana 59 Polond* 98 Trinidad and Tobago 21 Guatemala 60 Portugal* 99 Tonga 22 Greece * 61 Principata Andorës 100 Trinidadi dhe Tobago 23 Marshall Islands 62 Princ. of Liechtensteine 101 Tuvalu 24 Sejshel Islands 63 Principata Monaco* 102 Uruguay 25 Solomon Islands 64 Rep. Austrisë* 103 Venezuela 26 Japan 65 Rep. Estonian* 104 Vanuatu 27 Qatar 66 Rep. Czech* 105 New zealand 28 Canada 67 Rep. Finland* 106 Singaporore 29 Kiribati 68 Rep. France* 30 Columbia 69 Rep. Fed. Brazil 31 Swiss Confederation * 70 Rep. Fed.e Germany* 32 Kuwait 71 Rep. Honduras 33 Latvia* 72 Rep. Irlend* 34 Lesotho 73 Rep. Iceland* 35 Lithuania* 74 Rep. Italy* 36 Malawi 75 Rep. Kilit 37 Malaysia 76 Rep. Kostarikës 38 Maldives 77 Rep. South Korea 39 Montenegro 78 Rep. Croatia*
SOURCE:MPJ
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MP KOSOVAMP 2013
III – REFERENCES 1. Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of Regions: Migration and Development: COM (2005) 390. 2. Report by,Kosovo‟s population Prediction 2011-2061,statistik agency of Kosovo,Prishtina.December 2013. 3. Studies dor the Visa rebucatable in Kosovo UNDP, USAID, December, 2013, 4. The questionare is published on Albinfo.ch Telegraph(trageting Diaspora), the giant of DFD wrbsites from 3Jun 2013 until 14 July 2013. Also,quastionare was distribitthrough e-mail to traget groups. Are respondent 161 total 118 of whom are identify them alves as part of Kosovo Diaspora. 5. Kosovo Remittance study– 2013, October 2013, Statistical Agency of Kosovo,Department of Social Polls . 6. State fot Migration Strategy and Action Plan 2013 – 2018, http://mpb-ks.org/repository/docs/Strategia_fot_Migratory_SHQ.pdf. 7. Diaspora and Diaspora Strategy and Action Plan 2013 – 2018, 8. Ntional Strategy Against Trafficking in Human Beings and Action 2012-2017, http://mpb-ks.org/repository/docs/TQNJShqip.pdf. 9. National Strategy of the Republic of Kosovo for Inegrated Bord Managment 2013-2018 http://mpb-ks.org/repository/docs/Serbian__Action_Plan_(threej_s)_MIK_2013- 2018__19.09._2013.pdf . 10. National Strategy for the Reintegration of Reoaried Persons Kosovo and Action 2013-2017 http:/mpbks.org/respository/doc/.National Strategyy 11. Law no. 04/l-069 For Foreingers (published in the newspaper on 12 January2012) http://gzk.rks-gov.net/ActDetail.aspx?ActID=2797 12. Law no. 04/L-073 for Asylum (published in the Official on newspaper on January 12 .2012), http://gzk.rks-gov.net/ActDetail.aspx?ActID=2798 13. Law no. 04/L-059for amending –the Law. 03/L-034 on Citizenship of Kosovo (published in the Official newspaper on 25 November 2011) http://gzk.rks-gov.net/ActDetail.aspx?ActID=2840. 14. Law No. 04/L-072 for Control and Supervision of the State Border(Published in the official newspeaper on 20 January 2012) http://gzk.rks-gov.net/ActDetail.aspx?ActID=2801.
15. Law no. 04/l-216 for cooperation among authorities involved in the Intergrated Border Managment
(published in the Official newspaper on August 30 , 2013) 16. Law No. 04/l-218 for the Prevention and Combating of Trafficking (published in the Official
159 newspaper on September 04 , 2013)
http://gzk.rks-gov.net/ActDetail.aspx?ActID=8875 MP KOSOVAMP 2013
17. Law No. 04/L-076 for Police (published in the Official newpaper on March 19, 2012) http://gzk.rks-gov.net/ActDetail.aspx?ActID=2806 18. Law No. 03/L-208 Readmission (published in the Official newspaper on July 20, 2010) http://gzk.rks-gov.net/ActDetail.aspx?ActID=2687 19. Law no. 04/l-003 on Civil status (published in the Official newspaper on July 22, 2011) http://gzk.rks-gov.net/ActDetail.aspx?ActID=2743 20. Law no. 04/L – 095 for Diaspora and Diaspora (published in the Official newspaper on July 3 ,2012) http://gzk.rks-gov.net/ActDetail.aspx?ActID=2831 21. Law no. 02/l-121 for domicile and residence (published in the Official newspaper on October 15,2008). 22. Law no. 03/l-212 Labour (published in the Official newspaper on August 10 , 2009), http://gzk.rks-gov.net/ActDetail.aspx?ActID=2735 23. Law no. 03/l-125 for Consular Service of Diplomat and Consular Mission of the Republic of Kosovo (published in the Official newspaper on January 15, 2009), http://gzk.rks-gov.net/ActDetail.aspx?ActID=2618 24. The decision on visa regime-has been approved by the Goverment on 14.12.2012, and entered into force on the date 01.07.2013. Decision on visa regime /compete with decision No. 15/158 dated 29.11.2013 to the changing conditions of entry as visa regime for foreigners in the Republic of Kosovo.
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