Kosovo Migration Profile 2013 GOVERNMENTAL AUTHORITY FOR MONITORING OF MIGRATION MOVEMENTS All rights are reserved. No part of this publication can be reproduced, copied or transmitted in whatever form or with whatever means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,recording,or any other ingathering of the information and correction system(throwback),without the permission of the rights of the authors-Governmental Authority for Monitoring of Migration Movements- Government of the Republic of Kosovo. 1 MP KOSOVAMP 2013 KOSOVO Migration Profile 2013 Crafted by: Ministry of Internal Affairs Kosovo Police Civil Registry Agency Ministry of Diaspora Ministry for Communities and Returns Ministry of Economic Development Ministry of Education, Science and Technology Ministry of Finance Ministry of Foreign Affairs Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare Ministry of Trade and Industry Ministry of European Integration Kosovo Central Bank Kosovo Agency of Statistics Supported by: International Organization for Migration United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees European Union Office in Kosovo 2 MP KOSOVAMP 2013 CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................................................... 7 LIST OF GRAPHICS .................................................................................................................................. 9 FOREWARD ............................................................................................................................................. 14 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ................................................................................................... 14 GENERAL INFORMATION FOR THE STATE .................................................................................... 17 PART A: INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 18 A1. GENERAL OVERVIEW ..................................................................................................................... 18 A2. BACKGROUND OF MIGRATION IN KOSOVO ...................................................................................... 21 PART B: ANALYSIS OF THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONTEXT OF MIGRATION ........................... 22 B1. THE POPULATION OF KOSOVO ........................................................................................................ 22 B1.1. RESIDENT POPULATION ............................................................................................................................ 22 B1.2.POPULATION GROWTH, ETHNIC COMPOSITION AND DENSITY ................................................................. 22 B2. ECONOMY AND ECONOMIC CLIMATE .............................................................................................. 22 B2.1. ECONOMY ................................................................................................................................................. 22 B2.2. ESSENTIAL ECONOMIC POLICIES .............................................................................................................. 23 B2.3. MAIN MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS ...................................................................................................... 23 B2.4. THE INVESTMENT CLIMATE ....................................................................................................................... 26 B2.5. CAPITAL INVESTMENTS ............................................................................................................................ 28 B2.6. FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT ................................................................................................................ 28 B2.7. MIGRANT REMITTANCES (REMITTANCES) ................................................................................................ 30 B2.8. COMPENSATION OF EMPLOYEES ............................................................................................................... 32 B2.8. INFORMAL ECONOMY ............................................................................................................................... 32 B2.9. BUSINESS .................................................................................................................................................. 33 B3. LABOR MARKET ANALYSIS ............................................................................................................. 40 B3.1. MAIN INDICATORS OF LABOR MARKET..................................................................................................... 40 3 B3.2. ASSESSMENT OF NEEDS AND THE MAIN CHALLENGES FOR EMPLOYMENT AND VOCATIONAL TRAINING 41 MP KOSOVAMP 2013 B3.3.MULTIPLE NEEDS FOR SOCIAL PROTECTION .............................................................................................. 44 B4. HUMAN CAPITAL ............................................................................................................................. 47 B4.1. DEGREE / LEVEL OF EDUCATION ............................................................................................................... 47 B4.2. THE ABILITY TO ACCESS THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM .............................................................................. 48 B4.3. ACCESS TO HIGHER EDUCATION ............................................................................................................... 48 B4.5.THE SHORTCOMINGS AND CHALLENGES OF THE EDUCATION SECTOR ...................................................... 49 PART C: ABALYSIS OF MIGRATION SITUATION IN THE COUNTRY / STATE .......................... 50 C2.IMMIGRATION ................................................................................................................................. 51 C2.1. VISA REGIME ............................................................................................................................................ 51 C2.2. FOREIGNERS WHO STAY IN KOSOVO AND THE TYPE OF IMMIGRANTS ..................................................... 53 C2.2. FOREIGNERS WHO HAVE ACQUIRED AND HAVE BEEN DENIED CITIZENSHIP OF THE REPUBLIC OF KOSOVO ........................................................................................................................................................................... 58 C2.3 IRREGULAR IMMIGRANTS .......................................................................................................................... 61 C2.4 ASYLUM AND DETERMINATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION STATUS ....................................... 82 C3. EMIGRATION .................................................................................................................................. 86 C3.1 APPLICATIONS FOR VISAS .......................................................................................................................... 86 C3.1 THE TOTAL NUMBER OF EMIGRANTS ......................................................................................................... 88 OF THE TOTAL, IN 2013 LEAD COUNTRIES: GERMANY (39%), SWITZERLAND (13%), AND ITALY (12%). 89 C3.2 CATEGORIES OF EMIGRANTS ..................................................................................................................... 89 C3.3 LABOR MIGRANTS...................................................................................................................................... 90 C3.4 IRREGULAR EMIGRANTS ............................................................................................................................ 96 C4. DIASPORA .................................................................................................................................... 103 C5. REPATRIATION AND REINTEGRATION OF KOSOVO CITIZENS RETURNED FROM FOREIGN COUNTRIES ........................................................................................................................................................... 107 C5.1. VOLUNTARY AND FORCED READMISSION .............................................................................................. 107 C5.2. THE REINTEGRATION OF REPATRIATED PERSONS ................................................................................... 115 C6. INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS (IDP) AND DISPLACED PERSONS IN THE REGION (DPR) SERBIA, 4 MONTENEGRO, THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA) ................................................ 119 MP KOSOVAMP 2013 PART D: MIGRATION POLICIES AND PROGRAMS AND THEIR EFFECTIVENESS IN MANAGEMENT OF MIGRATION AND CHALLENGES OF DEVELOPMENT ............................. 122 D1. POLICY FRAMEWORK AND LAWS ON MIGRATION IN KOSOVO ....................................................... 122 D1.1. THE POLICY FRAMEWORK ...................................................................................................................... 122 D1.2. THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK IN THE FIELD OF MIGRATION ......................................................................... 123 D1.3. INTERNATIONAL LEGAL FRAMEWORK IN THE FIELD OF MIGRATION ..................................................... 127 D2. OVERVIEW OF NATIONAL INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK AND STAKEHOLDERS IN THE FIELD OF MIGRATION ......................................................................................................................................... 130 D2.1. LOCAL INSTITUTIONS IN THE FIELD OF MIGRATION ..............................................................................