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Home , Duncan Glen, Edinburgh Castle, Francis George Scott, Helen Cruickshank, John Herdman (author), Tom Scott (poet)

Appendix: Glossary for 'On a Raised Beach'

Adamantine: Made of or resembling adamant; as hard as a diamond. Aesthesis: Perception of the external world by the senses. Angle-titch: Earthworm. Arris: An external angle, sharp edge, or ridge. Ataraxia: Impassiveness, freedom from passion. Auxesis: Enlargement or exaggeration for effect; amplification; gradual increase in intensity of meaning. Ayre: Low-lying strip of land, usually between loch and sea. Bakka: (Icelandic) A bank or ridge. Bistre: A dark-brown colour. Braird: (Scots) To sprout; germinate. Bricole: A medieval engine for throwing stones or darts. Burr: A rough ridge or edge. Caaba: Venerated shrine of Mecca, enclosing a sacred black stone, said to be a ruby brought from heaven. Cabirian: Ancient, secret mystery rites. Cadrans: A wooden instrument for measuring the angle at which a facet of stone is to be ground. Caen-stone: A lightish-yellow building-stone. Cairn: Mound or heap of stones erected for a memorial or mark. Carpolite: Fossil or petrified fruit. Catasta: A bed of torture. Cavo-rilievo: A style of relief in which the highest portions of the figures are on a level with the general surface. Celadon: A pale shade of green. 213 214 Appendix

Chatoyant: Having a changeable, undulating, or floating lustre. Chiliad: A thousand. Christophanic: Pertaining to an appearance of Christ to humans, as after his death. Coigns: Projecting comers or . Corbeau: A very dark green. Cyathiform: Cup-shaped. de Bary: A nineteenth century German botanist. Diallage: (Rhetorical) Presentation of an argument from various points of view, all brought to bear on one point; also, a grass-green variety of pyroxene of lamellar or foliated structure. Deictic: 'Proving directly', from Greek Deiktikos, to show. Ebrillade: A check of the bridle which a rider gives a horse, by jerking one rein, when it refuses to tum. Eburnation: Act or process of becoming hard and dense like ivory. Ecorche: Flayed. Enchorial: Of the country, as used in a particular country: of the Rosetta Stone -popular as opposed to hieroglyphic form of ancient Egyptian character. Encrinite: Fossil crinoid (lily-shaped echinoderms). Energumen: A 'possessed' person, one possessed by a demon. Enfouldered: Charged with thunderbolts, black as a thunder-cloud. Engouled: In the mouth of a beast. Entrochal: Pertaining to entrochi (wheel-like plates of which some crinoids are composed). Epanadiplosis: Rhetorical figure wherein a sentence begins and ends with the same word. Faculae: Small bright spots on the sun. Fescue: Straws or twigs used to point out letters for children learning to read. Fiducial: Firm, a fixed point from which measurements are made or to which positions are referred; trusting. Foraminous: Full of holes, porous. Foveoles: Small pits. Futhorc: The runic alphabet. Glaucous: Sea-green; pale bluish-green. Glout: To look sullen; a sullen look. Gloss: To elucidate; to explain; to glow, have a fair appearance. Gorgonises: Turns to stone; petrifies. Haecceity: 'Thisness'. Haptik: relating to the sense of touch (to lay hold of, touch, grasp). Appendix 215

Hellya: (Possibly from Icelandic 'bella') a flat stone. Hellyina bretta: (Icelandic) A flat stone turned upwards. Hellyina grt): (Icelandic) Rubble; broken stones. Hoar: White or grey. Hraun: (Icelandic) A rough place; bare rocks in the sea. Hvarf: (Icelandic) Tum around. Klett: (Icelandic) A rock; a cliff. Kolgref: (Icelandic) A charcoal pit. Lithogenesis: The process of production of rock. Lochia: Watery discharge following childbirth. Omnific: All-creating. Optik: Pertaining to sight. Ratchet: (Scots) Broken stone. Ruderal: Growing on or among stone or rubbish (rudera are fragments or ruins of a building). Rugas: Folds or wrinkles. Rupestrine: Found on or among rocks. Schwendener: A nineteenth-century German botanist responsible for the theory that a lichen is not an individual, but a composite plant made up of an algal host body and a parasitic fungus. Slickensides: Polished and scratched or striated rock surfaces. Striae: Narrow streaks, channels, or ridges. Tesserae: Small quadrilateral tablets of stone or glass. Truite: Having a delicately crackled surface. Notes

CHAPTER I BORDERER AND EXILE

I. Hugh MacDiarmid, Letter to Helen B. Cruickshank, 3 July 1933, Univen;ity of Library MS. Gen. 886, f. 22-3. 2. Personal interview with Valda Trevlyn. 3. Hugh MacDiarmid, Letter to , 5 July 1933, National Library of MS. 8521. 4. ·Personal interview with Valda Trevlyn. 5. Personal interview with Michael Grieve. 6. Personal interview with Valda Trevlyn. 7. Hugh MacDiarmid, Lucky Poet (, 1943; rpt. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1972) p. 45. 8. Personal interview with Valda Trevlyn. 9. 'Braid Scots' refers to the Scottish vernacular in which MacDiarmid's early poetry was written. It is also referred to as 'Lallans' or the 'Doric'. It is distinct from both English, with which it shares most of its vocabulary, and Gaelic, which is the language of Celtic Scotland. 10. Hugh MacDiarmid, Letter to George Ogilvie, 6 January 1930, National Library of Scotland TS. 4540, f. 172. II. Hugh MacDiarmid, Letter to Helen B. Cruickshank, 14 June 1930, Library MS. Gen. 886. 12. Hugh MacDiarmid, Letter to Helen B. Cruickshank, 7 October 1930, University of Edinburgh Library MS. Gen. 886. 13. Personal interview with Valda Trevlyn. 14. MacDiarmid, Lucky Poet, p. 227. 15. Ibid., p. 219. 16. Ibid., p. 219. 17. Hugh MacDiarmid, 'My Native Place', Scots Observer (1931) rpt. in Selected Essays of Hugh MacDiarmid, ed. (Berkeley: University of California Press. 1970) p. 53. 216 Notes to pp. 10-29 217

18. MacDiarmid, Lucky Poet, p. 3. 19. Ibid., p. 224. 20. Personal interview with James Caird. 21. Personal interview with Hugh MacDiarmid. The 'Wee Frees' are members of the Free Presbyterian Church, a strict and puritanical religion. 22. Norman MacCaig, Scottish poet and close friend of MacDiarmid. 23. Personal interview with Valda Trevlyn. 24. Ibid. 25. Personal interview with Morag Enticknap. 26. Hugh MacDiarmid, 'Andy', The Herald(22 October 1927) rpt. in The Uncanny Scot, ed. Kenneth Buthlay (London: MacGibbon & Kee, 1968) p. 59. MacDiarmid tells the story of Andrew's dive briefly in Lucky Poet. 'Andy' is an elaboration of it, focusing on the autobiographical narrator's psychology. 27. MacDiarmid, Lucky Poet, p. 10. 28. George Ogilvie, The Broughton Magazine (1920) rpt. in Gordon Wright, MacDiarmid: An Illustrated Biography (Edinburgh: Gordon Wright Publishing, 1977) pp. 25-6. 29. Hugh MacDiarmid, Letter to George Ogilvie, 26 December 1920, National Library of Scotland MS. 4540, f. 85. 30. MacDiarmid, Lucky Poet, p. 40. 31. Ibid., p. 40 32. Hugh MacDiarmid, Letter to George Ogilvie, 1911, National Library of Scotland MS. 4540, If. 1-2. 33. Hugh MacDiarmid, Letter to George Ogilvie, 24 November 1918, National Library of Scotland MS. 4540, f. 38. 34. Hugh MacDiarmid, Letter to George Ogilvie, 24 December 1918, National Library of Scotland MS. 4540, If. 43--4. 35. Hugh MacDiarmid: No Fellow Travelers, film transcript, National Library of Scotland Ace. 6832, p. 1. 36. Hugh MacDiarmid, Complete Poems: 1920-1976, 2 volumes, Vol II (London: Martin Brian & O'Keeffe, 1978) p. 1202. All further quotations from MacDiarmid's poetry are taken from the Complete Poems. 37. 'A Conversation: Hugh MacDiarmid and Duncan Glen', recorded on 25 October 1968 (Preston, England: Akros Publications, 1970). 38. MacDiarmid, Lucky Poet, p. 397. 39. F. G. Scott, Letter to Hugh MacDiarmid, 31 December 1935, University of Edinburgh Library. 40. Personal interview with Walter Grieve. 41. Personal interview with James Caird. 42. Ibid. 43. MacDiarmid did not read Gaelic except for a few words and phrases. He worked from a prose translation by Sorley MacLean. 44. MacDiarmid, Lucky Poet, pp. 44-5. 45. Scottish Daily Express, quoted in Wright, p. 83. 46. Personal interview. 47. Personal interview with Walter Grieve. 48. Pibroch is the classical music of the Highland bagpipe. Lucky Poet was one part of a much longer biography. An unpublished section on 'my domestic 218 Notes to pp. 29-47

life, marriage, divorce, remarriage and my children by both mothers', was to be named 'Lament for the Children'. 49. Personal interview with Valda Trevlyn.

CHAPTER 2 SANGSCHAW AND PENNY WHEEP

I. MacDiarmid, Lucky Poet, p. 177. 2. 'Kailyard', literally 'cabbage patch', refers to a romanticized, escapist tradition of characterized by rural sentimentality, prevalent in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. MacDiarmid saw the poetry of this school as a degenerate end of the Burns tradition. For a brief version of MacDiarmid's view of Burns's influence, see ': His Influence', Selected Essays of Hugh MacDiarmid, pp. 177-82. 3. J. M. Barrie, from 'Scotland's Lament', quoted in Lucky Poet, p. 178. 4. Hugh MacDiarmid, 'Causerie', The Scottish Chapbook, 1, no. 3 (1922) 62. 5. 'Art and the Unknown', in Selected Essays, p. 44. 6. 'A Theory of Scots Letters', The Scottish Chapbook, 1, no. 8 (1922) 210. 7. The Scottish Chapbook, 2, no. 3 (1923) 63. 8. Kenneth Buthlay, 'Shibboleths of the Scots', Akros, 12, nos. 34-5 (August 1977) 36. 9. The Scottish Chapbook, 2, no. 3 (1923) 64. 10. Buthlay, 'Shibboleths of the Scots', 33. II. Lucky Poet, p. 324. 12. Ibid., p. xxiii. 13. Martin Heidegger, 'The Nature of Language', On The Way to Language (New : Harper & Row, 1971) p. 65. 14. Ibid., p. 93. 15. J. K. Annand, 'The Vocabulary of Hugh MacDiarmid's Scots Poems', Akros, 12, nos. 34-5 (August 1977) 17. 16. According to William Tait, MacDiarmid had remarked to him that he had this literal meaning in mind though no one had then pointed it out. 17. Quoted in 'A Theory of Scots Letters', The Scottish Chapbook, 1, no. 7 (1922) 182. 18. Ibid., 182. 19. , Hugh MacDiarmid, Writers and Their Work (Longman House, Essex: Longman Group Ltd, 1976) p. 9. 20. David Daiches, 'Hugh MacDiarmid's Early Poetry', in Hugh MacDiarmid: A Critical Survey, ed. Duncan Glen (Edinburgh: Scottish Academic Press, 1972) p. 63. 21. 'A Theory of Scots Letters', The Scottish Chapbook, I, no. 8 (1922) 211. 22. 'Causerie', The Scottish Chapbook, 1, no. 3 (1922) 63. 23. Ernst Cassirer, An Essay on Man (London: Yale University Press, 1944) pp. 132-3. 24. Ibid., p. 133. 25. Jamieson's Etymological Dictionary of the Scottish Language. MacDiarmid compared it to James Joyce's Ulysses as a 'source of untapped language'. See The Scottish Chapbook, 1, no. 7 (1922) 183. Notes to pp. 51---66 219

26. Michael Grieve and Alexander Scott, ed., The Hugh MacDiarmid Anthology (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1972) p. 5. 27. This point was suggested to me by Joy Hendry. 28. Daiches, 'Hugh MacDiarmid's Early Poetry', p. 63. 29. Nancy Gish, 'An Interview with Hugh MacDiarmid', Contemporary Literature, 20, no. 2 ( 1979) 143-4.

CHAPTER 3 A DRUNK MAN LOOKS AT THE THISTLE

I. Section titles were unfortunately added in the Collected Poems (New York: Macmillan, 1962). Their tendency, however, is to distort rather than to illuminate the poem by making arbitrary divisions. They have not been added in later editions. 2. 'Author's Note' to the first edition (1926) rpt. in Hugh MacDiarmid, A Drunk Man Looks at the Thistle, ed. John C. Weston (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press. 1971) pp. 3-4. 3. Ann Boutelle, 'MacDiarmid's Drunk Man: Its Genesis and Structure', Pembroke Magazine, no. 7 (1976) 181. In her book, Thistle and Rose, Boutelle argues at great length for a 'structured whole' to the poem. She bases her argument partly on MacDiarmid's own claim for unity in a letter to Ogilvie and dismisses the 'Author's Note'. Aside from the problems of choosing which of MacDiarmid's conflicting claims to attend to, one must recognise that MacDiarmid did, in fact, choose drunkenness as a medium and Shestov as a philosophic base. Neither suggests a traditional 'species of intelligibility'. 4. Quoted in A Drunk Man Looks at the Thistle, ed. Weston, p. 3. 5. F. G. Scott, Letter to Maurice Lindsay, 20 May 1945, National Library of Scotland. 6. Lev Shestov, All Things Are Possible (New York: Robert M. McBride, 1920) p. 26. 7. Ibid., p. 128. 8. Ibid., p. 134. 9. 'A Russo-Scottish Parallelism', in Selected Essays, p. 39. 10. Ibid., p. 40. II. Ibid., p. 40 12. Hugh MacDiarmid, The Caledonian Antisyzygy and the Gaelic Idea', in Selected Essays, pp. 65-6. 13. Scottish Literature: Character and Influence (New York: Macmillan, 1919) p. 4. 14. Shestov, All Things Are Possible, p. 36. 15. 'The Floo'ers o' the Forest are a' wede awa' is the refrain to several Scottish songs lamenting the deaths on Flodden Field. Sir Harry Lauder (1870- 1950) was a music hall singer and comedian who sentimentalized and comically treated Scottish Highland culture. Haggis is a Scottish dish made by steaming minced sheep's lungs, heart, and liver mixed with oats in a sheep's stomach. It is served at Burns Suppers. 'The Immortal Memory' is a toast to Burns given at Burns Suppers -celebrations of Robert Burns's birthday. 220 Notes to pp. 73-113

16. Stephen Mulrine, The Prosody of Hugh MacDiarmid's "A Drunk Man Looks at the Thistle",' Akros, 12, nos. 34-5 (August 1977) 51. 17. Gish, 'An Interview with Hugh MacDiarmid', 147. 18. A 'stickit minister' is a probationer who fails to obtain a settled , hence one whose purpose has not been fulfilled. 19. John C. Weston notes that MacDiarmid, in answer to a query, said the other person to hear eternity drip water may have been Dostoevski but he was not at all certain. However. the parallel to Eliot and the fact that The Waste Land was in his mind when he wrote A Drunk Man suggests that consciously or not he drew on the water-dripping song with its similar contrast of human pain and eternal release. 20. cf. '0, for a draught of vintage! that hath been Cool'd a long age in the deep-delved earth', 21. Ann Boutelle. Thistle and Rose (Loanhead: Macdonald Publishers, 1980) p. 151. 22. David Daiches. 'Introduction' to 2nd ed., rpt. in A Drunk Man Looks at the Thistle. 4th ed. (Edinburgh: The 200 Burns Club, 1962) II 0. 23. Weston, p. 122. 24. Boutelle. Thistle and Rose. p. 153. 25. Kenneth Buthlay, The Scotched Snake', The Age of MacDiarmid, ed. P. H. Scott and A. C. Davis (Edinburgh: Mainstream Publishing, 1980) pp. 122-3. 26. F. G. Scott, Letter to Maurice Lindsay, 20 May 1945, National Library of Scotland.

CHAPTER 4 TO CIRCUMJACK CENCRASTUS

I. Hugh MacDiarmid, Letter to George Ogilvie, 9 December 1926, National Library of Scotland MS. 4540, ff. 146-7. 2. MacDiarmid, 'The Caledonian Antisyzygy and the Gaelic Idea', in Selected Essays, pp. 67-8. 3. , 'Hugh MacDiarmid's ''To Circumjack Cencrastus",' Akros, 12, nos. 34-5 (August 1977) 67. 4. To , February 1939, University of Edinburgh Library Gen. 886, ff. 81-2. 5. MacDiarmid, 'Paul Valery', in Selected Essays, p. 51. 6. Ibid., p. 49. 7. 'Anti-Intellectualism in Scotland Today (by a Special Correspondent)', University of Edinburgh Library TS. Gen. 891, ff. 128-32. 8. See Buthlay, 'The Scotched Snake', pp. 141-2. 9. Herdman, 'Hugh MacDiarmid's "To Circumjack Cencrastus" ,' 65. 10. J. S. Buist, Letter to John Tongue, 3 July 1931, University of Edinburgh Library Gen. 767, f. 10. II. J. M. Barrie, A Window in Thrums (Philadelphia: Henry T. Coates, [ ]) p. 9. 12. Dante, Paradiso, xxxm, II 106-8, trans. Charles S. Singleton, Bollingen Series, 80 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1975). 13. Gish, 'An Interview with Hugh MacDiarmid', 151. Notes to pp. 114-159 221

14. 'Hugh MacDiarmid's New Poem', The Scots Observer (2 October 1930) rpt. in Hugh MacDiarmid, The Uncanny Scot, p. 136. 15. Hugh MacDiarmid, Letter to George Ogilvie, 16 December 1930, National Library of Scotland MS. 4540, f. 175.

CHAPTER 5 FIRST HYMN TO LENIN AND SCOTS UNBOUND

I. lain Crichton Smith, 'The Golden Lyric', in Hugh MacDiarmid: A Critical Survey, pp. 143-5. 2. Kenneth Buthlay, Hugh MacDiarmid (Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd, 1964) p. 93. 3. See, for example, Smith, 'The Golden Lyric', and Boutelle, Thistle and Rose. 4. G. S. Fraser, 'Hugh MacDiarmid: The Later Poetry', in Hugh MacDiarmid: A Critical Survey, p. 227. 5. Hugh MacDiarmid, Letter to George Ogilvie, 16 December 1930, National Library of Scotland MS. 4540, f. 175. 6. Lucky Poet, p. 20. 7. Ibid., p. 19. 8. Gish, 'An Interview with Hugh MacDiarmid', pp. 143--4. 9. The image is taken from Ralph Waldo Emerson's essay, 'The Poet'. Emerson is arguing that not metre alone but new thought makes a poem: 'For it is not metres, but a metre-making argument that makes a poem, -a thought so passionate and alive that like the spirit of a plant or an animal it has an architecture of its own, and adorns nature with a new thing. The thought and the form are equal in the order of time, but in the order of genesis the thought is prior to the form. The poet has a new thought ... '. in Daniel Hoffman, American Poetry and Poetics (1844; New York: Doubleday, I962) p. 348. No doubt MacDiarmid was struck by this essay at a time when his own emphasis was shifting toward poetry of thought. 10. F. G. Scott, Letter to Hugh MacDiarmid, 5 June 1932, University of Edinburgh Library. 11. To Helen Cruickshank, 10 August 1932, University of Edinburgh Library Gen. 886, f. 21.

CHAPTER 6 STONY LIMITS

I. Hugh MacDiarmid, Letter to William Soutar, 5 July 1933, National Library of Scotland MS. 8521. 2. Gish, 'Interview with Hugh MacDiarmid', p. 145. 3. Ibid., p. 144. 4. Ibid., p. 137. 5. Walter Perry, Hugh MacDiarmid: Metaphysics and Poetry (Hamilton, Scotland: Lothlorien Publications, 1975) [pages are unnumbered; this comes from the final two]. 6. Hugh MacDiarmid, 'The Return of the Long Poem', in : Perspectives, ed. Noel Stock (Chicago: Henry Regnery, 1965) p. 93. 7. Hugh MacDiarmid, 'Poetry in Scotland Today', Poetry Scotland, no. 1, ed. Maurice Lindsay (Glasgow: William Maclellan, 1944) p. 56. 222 Notes to pp. 160-199

8. Gish, 'Interview with Hugh MacDiarmid', pp. 138-9. 9. See, for example, Boutelle, Thistle and Rose, p. 212: 'MacDiarmid's belief in the "folly of differentiating between prose and poetry" is exactly the problem that lies at the heart of the later verse ... '.Or lain Crichton Smith, 'MacDiarmid and Ideas', in The Age of MacDiarmid, p. 158: 'There is no question but that there is a sort of nobility about On a Raised Beach and that the visionary greatness of the mind that created the poem is of overwhelm• ing brilliance and pathos. But in a strange sense one wonders whether this vision is truly and utterly poetic'. (Smith. of course. begs the question of the meaning of 'poetic'.) 10. In The New Naked Poetry, ed. Stephen Berg and Robert Mezey (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1976) pp. 6, 157, 321. II. Hugh MacDiarmid, 'Life in the Shetland Islands', At the Sign of the Thistle (London: Stanley Knott, 1934) rpt. in The Uncanny Scot, p. 90. 12. D. M. MacKinnon, The Problem of Metaphysics (London: Cambridge University Press, 1974) p. 166. 13. Buthlay. Hugh MacDiarmid, p. 87. 14. See Appendix. 15. Buthlay, Hugh MacDiarmid. p. 87. 16. Bible, King James Version. Luke II: 9-11. 17. Many were not published until the 1960s or 1970s.

CHAPTER 7 LATE LONG POEMS

I. Maxim Gorky, quoted in Lucky Poet, p. 135. 2. MacDiarmid, 'The Return of the Long Poem', pp. 90-1. 3. Albert Camus, The Myth ofSisyphus(New York: Vintage, 1955) pp. 46-7 n. 4. Gorky, in Lucky Poet, p. 139. 5. Hugh MacDiarmid. Letter to William Soutar, 14 January 1938, National Library of Scotland MS. 8536. 6. Hugh MacDiarmid, Letter to William Soutar. 4 May 1938. National Library of Scotland MS. 8536. 7. Hugh MacDiarmid, 'Mature Art', Prospectus distributed by the Obelisk Press. 8. Hugh MacDiarmid, Complete Poems: 1920-1976 (London: Martin Brian & O'Keeffe. 1978) n, p. 1462 n. 9. Quoted in Lucky Poet, p. 103. 10. Edwin Morgan, 'Poetry and Knowledge in MacDiarmid's Later Work', in Hugh MacDiarmid: A Critical Survey, p. 201. II. Gish, 'Interview with Hugh MacDiarmid', p. 143. 12. Quoted in Hugh MacDiarmid, In Memoriam James Joyce (Glasgow: William Maclellan, 1955) pp. 16-17. 13. Quoted in 'Towards a Synthetic Scots', The Scottish Educational Journal, 13 August 1926, rpt. in Contemporary Scottish Studies (Edinburgh: Scottish Educational Journal, 1976) pp. 117-18. 14. Ibid., p. 118. 15. John Hellman, Fables of Fact (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1981) p. 7. Notes to pp. 200-212 223

16. Barker Fairly 'Charles Doughty and Modern Poetry', The London Mercury, June 1935, quoted in Lucky Poet, p. 340. 17. Cf. 'A Slumber Did My Spirit Steal'. 18. MacDiarmid, 'The Return of the Long Poem', pp. 93--4. 19. Lucky Poet, p. 241. 20. Ibid., pp. 243--4. 21. Ibid., p. 245. 22. Lev Shestov, In Job's Balances, trans. Camilla Coventry and C. A. Macartney (London, 1932; Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press, 1975) p. 359. 23. Ibid., p. 330. 24. David Daiches, 'MacDiarmid and the Scottish Literary Character', in The Age of MacDiarmid, p. 60. Bibliography

Material by and about Hugh MacDiarmid comprises an extremely large collection of unpublished manuscripts and articles, and reviews in small or obscure magazines and newspapers in addition to major primary and secondary published sources. This is a selected list including all major published prose and poetry by MacDiarmid, major secondary sources. and a brief description of unpublished manuscripts.

A. PRIMARY SOURCES (CHRONOLOGICALLY ARRANGED)

Poetry and Prose

Annals of the Five Senses, by C. M. Grieve (Montrose: C. M. Grieve, 1923). The Islands of Scotland (London: B. T. Batsford, 1939). Lucky Poet (London: Methuen, 1943).

Poetry

Sangschaw (Edinburgh: Blackwood, 1925). Penny Wheep (Edinburgh: Blackwood, 1926). A Drunk Man Looks at the Thistle (Edinburgh: Blackwood, 1926). The Lucky Bag (Edinburgh: Porpoise, 1927). To Circumjack Cencrastus or The Curly Snake, (Edinburgh: Blackwood, 1930). First Hymn to Lenin and Other Poems (London: , 1931). Scots Unbound and Other Poems (: Eneas MacKay, 1932). Selected Poems (London: Macmillan, 1934). Stony Limits and Other Poems (London: Gollancz, 1934). Second Hymn to Lenin and Other Poems (London: Nott, 1935). 224 Bibliography 225

Selected Poems of Hugh MacDiarmid, ed. R. Crombie Saunders (Glasgow: Maclellan, 1944). Speaking for Scotland: Selected Poems (Baltimore: Contemporary Poetry, 1946). A Kist of Whistles (Glasgow: Maclellan, [1947]). A Drunk Man Looks at the Thistle, 2nd edn, introd. David Daiches (Glasgow: Caledonian Press, 1953). Selected Poems of Hugh MacDiarmid, ed. Oliver Brown (Glasgow: Maclellan, 1954). In Memoriam James Joyce (Glasgow: Maclellan, 1955). A Drunk Man Looks at the Thistle, 3rd edn (Edinburgh: Wynd, 1956). Stony Limits and Scots Unbound and Other Poems (Edinburgh: Castle Wynd, 1956). The Battle Continues (Edinburgh: Castle Wynd, 1957). Three Hymns to Lenin (Edinburgh: Castle Wynd, 1957). The Kind of Poetry I Want (Edinburgh: K. D. Duval, 1961). Bracken Hills in Autumn (Edinburgh: Colin H. Hamilton, 1962). Collected Poems of Hugh MacDiarmid (New York: Macmillan, 1962). A Drunk Man Looks at the Thistle, 4th edn (Edinburgh: The 200 Burns Club, 1962). An Apprentice Angel (London: New Poetry Press, 1963). Poems to Paintings by William Johnstone 1933 (Edinburgh: K. D. Duval, 1963). The Ministry of Water (Glasgow: Duncan Glen, 1964). The Terrible Crystal: a Vision of Scotland (Skelmorlie: Duncan Glen, 1964). The Burning Passion (Glasgow: Akros, 1965). The Fire of the Spirit (Glasgow: Duncan Glen, 1965). Whuchulls (Preston: Akros, 1966). Collected Poems of Hugh MacDiarmid, revised edn Ed. John C. Weston (New York: Macmillan, 1967). A Lap of Honour (London: MacGibbon & Kee, 1967). On a Raised Beach (Preston: Harris Press, 1967). Early Lyrics by Hugh MacDiarmid (Preston: Akros, 1968). A C/yack-Sheaf (London: MacGibbon & Kee, 1969). A Drunk Man Looks at the Thistle (Falkland: Kulgin Duval & Colin H. Hamilton, 1969). More Collected Poems (London: MacGibbon and Kee, 1970). Selected Poems, ed. David Craig and John Manson (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1970). A Drunk Man Looks at the Thistle, ed. John C. Weston (Amherst: University of Mass. Press, 1971 ). The Hugh MacDiarmid Anthology, ed. Michael Grieve and Alexander Scott (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1972). Song of the Seraphim (London: Covent Garden Press, 1973). Direadh, I, II, Ill (Frenich, Foss: Kulgin Duval and Colin H. Hamilton, 1974). The Socialist Poems of Hugh MacDiarmid, ed. T. S. Law and Thurso Berwick (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1978). Complete Poems: 1920-1976, 2 vols, ed. Michael Grieve and W. R. Aitken (London: Martin Brian & O'Keeffe, 1978). 226 Bibliography

Prose

Contemporary Scottish Studies: First Series, by C. M. Grieve (London: Leonard Parsons, 1926). Athyn; or Scotland and the Future, by C. M. Grieve (London: Kegan Paul, 1927). The Present Position of Scottish Music, by C. M. Grieve (Montrose: C. M. Grieve, 1927). At the Sign of the Thistle: a Collection of Essays (London: Nott [1934]). Scottish Eccentrics (London: Routledge, 1936). 'Poetry in Scotland Today' in Poetry Scotland, no. I, ed. Maurice Lindsay (Glasgow: Maclellan, [1944]) pp. 54-9. Cunninghame Graham: a Centenary Study (Glasgow: Caledonian Press, [1952] ). : an Essay on the Occasion of his Seventy-Fifth Birthday, 25th January 1955 (Edinburgh: M. MacDonald, 1955). Burns Today and Tomorrow (Edinburgh: Castle Wynd, 1959). : Scotland's Greatest Son (Edinburgh: The Paperback Booksellers, [1962]). The Man of (Almost) Independent Mind (Edinburgh: Giles Gordon, 1962). The Ugly Birds Without Wings (Edinburgh: Allan Donaldson, 1962). When the Rat-race Is Over (London: Twyn Barlwm Press, 1962). (Edinburgh: Colin H. Hamilton, 1963). The Return of the Long Poem' in Ezra Pound: Perspectives, ed. Noel Stock (Chicago: Henry Regnery 1965) pp. 90-1. The Company I've Kept (London: Hutchinson, 1966). The Uncanny Scot, ed. Kenneth Buthlay (London: MacGibbon & Kee, 1968). Selected Essays of Hugh MacDiarmid, ed. Duncan Glen (London: Jonathan Cape, 1969). 'Satori in Scotland' in Memoirs ofa Modern Scotland, ed. Karl Miller (London: Faber & Faber, 1970). A Political Speech (Edinburgh: Reprographia, 1972).

From 1911 to 1930, with the exception of his years in the army, MacDiarmid worked as a journalist. In addition to his regular pieces, he wrote frequent free lance articles. An important series of articles to promote Scottish Nationalism appeared in several newspapers under the names 'Mountboy' and 'A Special Correspondent'. Manuscripts of these are in the University of Edinburgh Library (MS. Gen. 890, 891, 892, 912, 906, 909, 910, 903, 905). He also contributed regularly to journals. Another major series of articles appeared in The New Age in 1924 under the title 'Mannigfaltig'. A select list of contributions to books and uncollected prose contributions to periodicals appears in Glen, Duncan, Hugh MacDiarmid and the Scottish (Edinburgh: W. & R. Chambers, 1964).

Books and Magazines Edited by MacDiarmid

Northern Numbers, Being Representative Selections from Certain Living Scottish Poets (Edinburgh: T. N. Foulis, 1920). Northern Numbers, Being Representative Selections from Certain Living Scottish Bibliography 227

Poets, 2nd ser, ed. C. M. Grieve (Edinburgh: T. N. Foulis, 1921). Northern Numbers, Being Representative Selections from Certain Living Scottish Poets, 3rd ser, ed. C. M. Grieve (Montrose: C. M. Grieve, 1922). The Scottish Chapbook, ed. C. M. Grieve, I, no. I (Aug. 1922)-2, no. 3 (Nov.• Dec. 1923). The Scottish Nation, ed. C. M. Grieve, I, no. I (May 1923)-2, no. 8 (Dec. 1923). The Northern Review, ed. C. M. Grieve, I, no. I (May 1924)-1, no. 4 (Sept. 1924). Robert Burns: 1759-1796, ed. C. M. Grieve (London: Ernest Benn, 1926). Living Scottish Poets, ed. C. M. Grieve (London: Ernest Benn, [ 1931 ]). The Voice of Scotland, I, no. I (June-Aug. 1938)-9, no. 2 (Aug. 1958). The Golden Treasury of Scottish Poetry (London: Macmillan, 1940). William Soutar: Collected Poems (London: Andrew Dakers, 1948). Robert Burns: Poems (London: Grey Walls Press, 1949). Poetry Scotland, no. 4 (Edinburgh: Serif Books, 1949). Scottish Art and Letters, 5th miscellany, P.E.N. Congress Number, Edinburgh Festival, 1950 (Glasgow: Maclellan, 1950). Selections from the Poems of (Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd, 1952). Selected Poems of William Dunbar (Glasgow: Maclellan, 1955). Robert Burns: Love Songs (London: Vista Books, 1962). Henryson Selected by Hugh MacDiarmid (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1973).

Unpublished Manuscripts

Both the National Library of Scotland and the University of Edinburgh Library possess important collections of unpublished materials. These include essays, articles, short stories, short autobiographical pieces, and original mss. of poems, as well as letters to, from, and about MacDiarmid. Among the most important in the National Library are the following: 50 letters to William Soutar with some replies (mss. 8506--47, 8561 passim); 62 letters to George Ogilvie (Ace. 4540) and Helen Cruickshank's reminiscences of MacDiarmid (Ace. 5511 ). Of major importance in the University of Edinburgh collection are MacDiarmid's letters to F. G. Scott (Gen. 887) and to Helen Cruickshank (Gen. 886).

B. SECONDARY SOURCES

This is a selected list of important items. Numerous reviews and articles in addition to these have appeared in Scottish magazines and newspapers over the years.

Critical Studies and Related Works

Agenda, 5, nos. 4-6, no. I (Autumn-Winter 1967-8): 'Double Issue: Hugh MacDiarmid and Scottish Poetry', edr. William Cookson and . Akros, 12, nos. 34-5 (August 1977): 'Special Double Hugh MacDiarmid Issue', ed. Duncan Glen. 228 Bibliography

Aquarius, II (1979) ed. Douglas Dunn, Includes several memorial articles on MacDiarmid. Barrie, J. M. A Window in Thrums (Philadelphia: Henry T. Coates & Co., [ 1 ). Berg, Stephen and Robert Mezey, eds., The New Naked Poetry (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1976). Boutelle, Ann, 'MacDiarmid's Drunk Man: Its Genesis and Structure'. Pembroke Magazine, no. 7 (1976) 177-84. --, Thistle and Rose (Loanhead, Midlothian: Macdonald Publishers, 1980). Buthlay, Kenneth, Hugh MacDiarmid (Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd, 1964). Camus, Albert, The Myth of Sisyphus (New York: Vintage, 1955). Cassirer, Ernst, An Essay on Man (London: Yale University Press, 1944). Chapman 22, 5, no. 4 (Winter 1978) ed. Joy Hendry. A special issue including memorial articles on MacDiarmid. Craig, David, 'A Great Radical: Hugh MacDiarmid, 1892-1978'. Marxism Today, 23, no. 2 (February 1979) 55-60. Daiches, David, 'Introduction' to 2nd edn, rpt, in A Drunk Man Looks at the Thistle, 4th edn (Edinburgh: The 200 Burns Club, 1962) I 03-10. Dante, Paradiso, trans. Charles S. Singleton. Bollingen Series, 80 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1975). Deutsch, Babette, Poetry in Our Time, 2nd edn (Garden City, New York: Doubleday, 1963). Duval, K. D. and Sydney Goodsir Smith, eds., Hugh MacDiarmid: A Festshrift (Edinburgh: K. D. Duval, 1962). Gish, Nancy, 'An Interview with Hugh MacDiarmid', Contemporary Literature, 20, no. 2 (1979) 135-54. --,'Reality at Stake: MacDiarmid's Early Long Poems', Chapman 30, 6, no. 6 (Summer 1981) 56-62. Glen, Duncan, A Small Press and Hugh MacDiarmid (Preston: Akros, 1970). --, ed., Hugh MacDiarmid: A Critical Survey (Edinburgh: Scottish Academic Press, 1972). --, Hugh MacDiarmid and the (Edinburgh: W. & R. Chambers, 1964). --,Hugh MacDiarmid: An Essay for 11th August 1977 (Preston: Akros, 1977). --, The MacDiarmids: A Conversation (Preston: Akros, 1970). Heidegger, Martin, On The Way to Language(New York: Harper& Row, 1971). Hellman, John, Fables of Fact (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1981). Hoffman, Daniel G., ed., American Poetry and Poetics (Garden City, New York: Doubleday, 1962). Hugh MacDiarmid: No Fellow Travelers, Film Transcript (National Library of Scotland Ace. 6832). Leavis, F. R., 'MacDiarmid's Second Hymn to Lenin', Scrutiny, 4, no. 3 (Dec. 1935) 305. Mackinnon, D. M., The Problem of Metaphysics (London: Cambridge University Press, 1974). Morgan, Edwin, Hugh MacDiarmid, Writers and Their Work (Longman House, Essex: Longman Group, 1976). Muir, Edwiin, Scott and Scotland: The Predicament of the Scottish Writer (London: Routledge, 1936). Bibliography 229

Pacey, Philip, Hugh MacDiarmid and David Jones: Celtic Wonder-Voyagers (Preston: Akros, 1977). Perry, Walter, Hugh MacDiarmid: Metaphysics and Poetry (Hamilton, Scotland: Lothlorien Publications, 1975). Scott, P. H. and A. C. Davis, eds., The Age of MacDiarmid (Edinburgh: Mainstream Publishing, 1980). Shestov, Lev, All Things Are Possible (New York: Robert M. McBride, 1920). --,In Job's Balances, trans. Camilla Coventry and C. A. Macartney (London, 1932; Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press, 1975). Smith, G. Gregory, Scottish Literature: Character and Influence (New York: Macmillan, 1919). Valery, Paul, Selected Writings of Paul Valery (New York: New Directions, 1964). Wittig, Kurt, The Scottish Tradition in Literature (Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd, 1958). Wright, Gordon, MacDiarmid: An Illustrated Biography (Edinburgh: Gordon Wright Publishing, 1977).

Bibliographies

'A Checklist of Modern Scottish Literary Manuscripts in the National Library of Scotland', The Bibliotheck, 9, no. 4 (1979). Entries on MacDiarmid appear on pp. 123-5. Aitken, W. R., 'C. M. Grieve/Hugh MacDiarmid', The Bibliotheck, 1, no. 4 (Autumn 1958) 3-23. --, 'Hugh MacDiarmid (Christopher Murray Grieve, b. 1892): a Second Check List', The Bibliothek, 5, nos. 7-8 (I 970) 253-63. Hugh MacDiarmid(Edinburgh: National Library of Scotland, 1967) Catalogue, no. 7. Hugh MacDiarmid: an Exhibition in Honour of His Eightieth Birthday (Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh Library, 1972). Catalogue.

A substantial bibliography, including uncollected prose and early critical material, appears in Glen, Duncan, Hugh MacDiarmid and the Scottish Renaissance (Edinburgh: W. & R. Chambers, 1964). Index

Angus, Marion, 20 The Myth of Sisyphus, 180 Annand, J. K., 39 Cassirer, Ernst, 47, 48 A Special Correspondent, 6, 23, 99, An Essay on Man, 47 103 'Causerie', 60 C/ydebank and Renfrew Press, 18 Confucius, 208 Barrie, J. M., 22, 31, 107,108,110 Conrad, Joseph, 83 Pan, 31 Peter Criterion, 24 'Scotland's Lament', 31 Cruickshank, Helen, 1, 21, 22, 24, 25, Thrums, 107, 110 A Window in 26, 99, 101, 102, 149 Bartram, William, 203 Bergson, Henri, 95 Bierce, Ambrose, 15 Daiches, David, 41, 55, 211, 212 Black, Robin, 25 Dante, 64, 65, 112, 158, 167 Blok, Alexander, 68 Davidson, John, 192 Bly, Robert, 160 Davie, George, 25 Boutelle, Ann, 120 Dictionary ofEuropean Literature, 191 Braid Scots, 4, 22, 25 Donne, John, 69 Buist, J. S., 107 'Ecstasy', 69 Burns, Robert, 4, 8, 31, 63, 67, 126, Dostoevski, Fyodor, 32, 62, 63, 79, 80, 133, 158 83, 84, 85, 98, 109 'Tam o' Shanter', 63 Doughty, Charles, 166, 192, 193 Buthlay, Kenneth, 34, 37, 90, 93, 106, Dunbar, William, 63 118, 119, 167, 169, 198 The Dance of the Sevin Deidly Synnis', 63 Dvol'ak, Antonin, 92 Caird, James, 25 'Opus 90', 92 Caledonian antisyzygy, 62-3, 64, 212 Campbell, Roy, 185 Flowering Rifle, 185 Edinburgh Evening Dispatch, 17, 18 Camus, Albert, 180 Einstein, Albert, 54 230 Index 231

Eliot, T. S., 4, 14, 24, 30, 60, 64, 80, 84, Hippius, Zinaida, 70 92, 113, 167, 173, 202 Hippolytus, 211 Ash-Wednesday, 112 Holderlin, Johann, 90 Four Quartets, 60 Home, John, 84-5 The Waste Land, 4-5, 58, 59, 64, 80, Homer, 121 112, 113 Hopkins, Gerard Manley, 192 Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 15 Hueffer, Ford Madox, 184 Enticknap, Morag, II, 13, 14, 15 The Islands of Scotland, 26, 123 Fichman, Jacob, 184 Fife Coast Herald, 18 Jacob, Violet, 20 Fife Herald, 18 Jamieson's Etymological Dictionary of Fraser, G. S., 120 the Scottish Language, 47 The Free Man, 25 Jammes, Francis, 36 'Prayer ToGo To Paradise With the Glasgow Herald, 20, 21 Asses', 36 Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 121, Joyce, James, 121, 182, 190, 192, 193, 122, 158 194, 196 Faust, 121 Finnegan's Wake, 192 The Golden Treasury of Scottish Ulysses, 121, 192 Poetry, 26 Gongora y Argote, Luis de, 191 Keats, John, 84 Gongorism, 190, 191 'Ode to a Nightingale', 84 Gorky, Maxim, 180, 181 Khlt!bnikov, Victor, 190 One Day in the World, 180 Koch, Kenneth, 160 Gray, Thomas, 84 Kraus, Karl, 90, 194, 199 'Elegy in a Country Churchyard', 84 'Lament for the Children', 29 Grey, Alexander, 20 Lanier, Sidney, 15 Grieve, Andrew Graham, 13, 14, 15, Lauder, Sir Harry, 66 29 Lawrence, D. H., 32, 96, 177 Grieve, Christine, 5, 6, 133 'Snake', 96 Grieve, Elizabeth Graham, 10, 11, 12 Lenin, Nikolai, 127, 131, 132, 133, Grieve, James, II, 12, 14 155, 156 Grieve, John, 12 Lincoln, Abraham, 16 Grieve, Margaret (Peggy Skinner), 5, Lindsay, Maurice, 93 6, 8, 13, 18, 19, 21, 23, 24, 99 Lines Review, 59 Grieve, Michael, I, 2, 26, 29, 106 Livingstone, Sir Richard, 209 Grieve, Valda Trevlyn, I, 2, 3, 4, 8, 13, 24, 26, 28, 29, 30, 124 MacCaig, Norman, 13, 29 Grieve, Walter, 4, 5, 6, 24, 29, 133 MacDiarmid, Hugh Albyn, or Scotland and the Future, Hamilton, Duke of, 28 23 Hardy, Thomas, 83 'Andy', 14 Hawthorne, Nathaniel, 15 Annals of the Five Senses, 10, 21,23 Heidegger, Martin, 38 'Anti-Intellectualism in Scotland On the Way to Language, 38 Today', 103 Hellman, John, 199 'Art and the Unknown', 32 Herdman, John, 100 'At My Father's Grave', 135-6 232 Index

MacDiarmid, Hugh-continued 'The Eemis Stane', 45-6, 53, 55, 141 'Au Clair de la Lune', 48, 151 'Empty Vessel', 53, 54, 55 'Audh and Cunaide', 176 'England Is Our Enemy', 183, 195, 'The Back o' Beyond', 147 196 'Bagpipe Music', 176-7 'Ephphatha', 156 'Balefire Loch', 148, 151 'Etika Preobrazhennavo Erosa', 'Ballad of the Five Senses', 10, 52, 162 56, 86 'Excelsior', 140-2 'The Ballad of the General Strike', 'Ex ephemeride mare', 53 64, 65, 73 'Ex-Parte Statement on the Subject The Battle Continues, 182, 185 of Cancer', 151 'Blind Man's Luck', 56 'The Fairmer's Lass', 56 'The Bonnie Broukit Bairn', 38-40, 'First Hymn to Lenin', 126 41, 54 First Hymn to Lenin and Other 'Bombinations of a Chimaera', 56 Poems, 117,124,131,132,133, 'Braid Scots: an Inventory and 140, 148 Appraisement', 33 'Five Bits of Miller', 166 'By Wauchopeside', 123, 124, 136- 'Focherty', 56 9 'Frae Anither Window in Thrums', 'The Caledonian Antisyzygy and 96, 106, 107-10, 115 the Gaelic Idea', 98 'From the Scots Anthology, 96, 'Cattle Show', 117 107, 113 'Charisma and My Relatives', 133 'Gairmscoile', 33-7, 42, 51, 53, 56, Collected Poems, 29, 183 57, 68, 117 Complete Poems: 1920-1976, 28, 'A Golden Wine in the Gaid• 58, 140, 183, 192 hea1tached', 176 Contemporary Scottish Studies, 23, 'Happy on Heimaey', 176, 183, 200 190 'Harry Semen', 117, 151, 153-5, 'Cophetua', 40, 41 166 'Cornish Heroic Song for Valda 'The Hole in the Wall', 117 Trev1yn', 120, 182, 183 The Hugh MacDiarmid Anthology, 'Country Life', 40, 41, 42 106 'Crowdieknowe', 10, 40 'The Huntress and Her Dogs', 52 'Crystals Like Blood', 159, 176 'I Heard Christ Sing', 52, 56 'Depth and the Chthonian Image', Impavidi Progrediamur, 183 113, 148-9 In Memoriam James Joyce, 47, 90, 'Diamond Body', 176, 183 122, 158, 178, 182, 183, 184, 'Direadh', 159, 176, 183, 185, 202- 185, 188-200, 201, 202, 205, 11, 212 209, 210, 211 'The Diseased Salmon', 155 'In Mysie's Bed', 56 A Drunk Man Looks at the Thistle, 'In the Caledonian Forest', 156 22, 23, 28, 51, 52, 57,58-93,94, 'In the Slums of Glasgow', 155, 176 95, 96, 97, 99, 100, 102, 103, 'Island Funeral', 176 105, 109, 110, 112, 119, 120, 'Jimsy: an Idiot', 56 124, 126, 129, 131, 134, 135, The Kind ofPoetry I Want, 178, 183, 136, 146, 147, 151, 152, 153, 184,185,186-8,190,198,205, 155, 164, 165, 184, 185, 190, 210 191, 196, 203, 204, 210, 212 'Kinsfolk', 123, 124, 132, 133-5, 'Dytiscus', 147, 148 136 Index 233

'Lament for the Great Music', 151, Men', 195, 196 159, 164, 172, 178 'Poetry Like the Hawthorne', 188 A Lap of Honour, 123 The Point of Honour', 117, 123, The Last Trump', 40 124, 136, 142-6, 147-8 'Lourd on My Hert', 106 'Prelude to Moon Music', 48-50 The Lucky Bag, 23 The Progress of Poetry', 162--4 Lucky Poet, 3, 8, 10, 11, 12, 17, 26, 'A Russo-Scottish Parallelism', 61 31, 37, 38, 129, 132, 134, 180, 'Sabine', 56 181, 183, 203, 207 Sangschaw, 10, 22, 25, 31, 38-53, 'Lynch-Pin', 147 56, 57, 152, 155, 157 The Man in the Moon', 50, 51-2, The Scarlet Woman', 52 53 'Scotland Small?', 183, 210 'Mature Art', 182, 183, 184, 185, 'Scots Unbound', 139 203 Scots Unbound and Other Poems, The Mavis of Pabal', 96, 106, 114 122, 123, 124, 131, 133, 147, The Meeting of East and West', 148, 152 194 The Scottish Chapbook, 22, 23, 31, 'Milk-Wort and Bog-Cotton', 117, 34, 40, 43, 60 124, 129, 147 The Scottish Nation, 23 'Mirror Fugue', 152 'Scunner', 53, 55, 155, 211 'A Moment in Eternity', 94, 97, 112, The Seamless Garment', 125, 126, 113 128, 129 'Moonstruck', 50-1 'Sea-Serpent', 56, 100, 101, 102, 119 'My Heart Always Goes Back to the 'Second Hymn to Lenin', 24, 124, North', 183, 200, 203 125, 126, 130, 131, 182 'Nisbet, An Interlude in Post-War Second Hymn to Lenin and Other Glasgow', 21 Poems, 25, 118, 150, 155, 178 Northern Numbers, 20, 21, 22, 23 Selected Poems, 123 The Northern Review, 23 'Shaddows that Feed on the Licht 'North of the Tweed', 97, 106, Ill, for Aye', 106 114,138 'Shetland Lyrics', 25, 117, 151, 152 'Ode to All Rebels', 6, 7, 117, 118, 'Skald's Death', 119 151, 152-3, 155, 166 The Skeleton of the Future', 155 'OtT the Coast of Fiedeland', 117 The Snares of Varuna', 194, 196 'Of ', 147 'Song of the New Economics', 155 'Of My First Love', 121, 176 'Stony Limits', 156, 162 '0 Jesu Parvule', 42-3, 54, 152 Stony Limits and Other Poems, 3, 'On a Raised Beach', 3, 113, 116, 25,117,118,119,122,123,124, 127, 138, 151, 157, 159, 161, 142, 148, 149, 150-78, 181 165-76, 178, 185, 192, 193, Tam', 56 194, 195, 197' 198, 200, 206 'Tam of the Wilds', 151 'Once in a Cornish Garden', 176, Tarras', 127-32, 149 183 'A Theory of Scots Letters', 36, 40 'On the Ocean Floor', 178 To Circumjack Cencrastus, 5, 6, 51, 'The Oon Olympian', 122 90, 91, 94-115, 116, 119, 121, The Parrot Cry', 96 124, 125, 129, 131, 133, 136, Penny Wheep, 22, 25, 31, 38, 48, 53- 138, 145, 146, 148, 149, 152, 7, 100, 152, 155, 157 153, 157, 164, 176, 182, 184, 'Plaited Like the Generations of 188, 190, 204, 207 234 Index

MacDiarmid, Hugh -continued. Ogilvie, George, 16, 17, 18, 19, 23, 24, 'Towards a Synthetic Scots', 190 63, 94, 101, 102, 112, 114, 121, 'Vestigia Nulla Retrorsum', 156 123 'The Watergaw', 21, 23, 24, 31,43- Orr, David, 4, 25 5, 46, 53, 55 O'Twomey, John, 37 'Water Music', 136, 139--40, 144, Outlook, 182 148 'Water of Life', 125, 136, 140-2 Pascal, Blaise, 206, 212 'Whuchulls', 124 Perry, Walter, 157 'Why I Became a Scots Nationalist', 'Metaphysics and Poetry', 157 147 Pindar, 208 'The Widower', 56 Plotinus, 205, 206, 212 'With the Herring Fishers', 119, Porphyry, 205 124, 151 Porson, Richard, 192 'The World of Words', 183, 194, Pound, Ezra, 158, 160, 180, 181, 199, 195 202 MacDonald, Alexander, 26, 96 Cantos, 158 The Birlinn of Clanranald, 26 Proust, Marcel, 33, 36 Mackenzie, Compton, 5 Pushkin, Aleksander, 158 MacKinnon, D. M., 166, 167 MacLean, John, 56 Rexroth, Kenneth, 160 MacLeod, Mary, 96 Rilke, Rainer Maria, 96, 107, 166 MacNeil, Seamus, 29 Rolfe, Frederick, 192, 193 Mailer, Norman, 199 Mallarme, Stephane, 38, 92 St. Andrews Citizen, 18 Coup de Des, 92 The Scotsman, 21 Meredith, George, 192 Scott, Alexander, 21, 106 Messiaen, Oliver, 92 Scott, F. G., 4, 23, 38, 59, 60, 74, 93, Antienne du silence, 92 99, 103, 118, 127, 147, 165 Mickle, William Julius, 29 Scottish Eccentrics, 26, 123 Milton, John, 100 Scottish Renaissance, 21, 31, 40 Mirsky, D. S., 190 Scottish Scene, or the Intelligent Man's Mistral, Frederic, 204 Guide to Albyn, 26 Monmouthshire Labour News, 18 Shakespeare, William, 158 The Montrose Review, 5, 23 Shelley, Percy Bysshe, 49 Morgan, Edwin, 41, 184, 208 Shestov, Lev, 17,60-1,62, 63, 64, 66, Mountboy, 6, 23, 99 204, 205, 206, 212 Muir, Edwin, 41 All Things Are Possible, 60, 62, 212 Muir, Edwin and Willa, 99 In Job's Balances, 204-5, 206, 212 M ulrine, Stephen, 73 Smith, G. Gregory, 40, 63 Murray, Charles, 22 Scottish Literature: Character and Murray, Christina, ll Influence, 63 Smith, lain Crichton, 95, 118, 120 'The Golden Lyric', 118 Nietzsche, Friedrich, 95 Solovyov, Vladimir, 61-2, 63, 64 Soutar, William, 6, 22, 150, 181, 182 Spence, lewis, 20 Obelisk Press, 182 Stanihurst, Richard, 192 O'Casey, Sean, 158 Stevens, Wallace, 30, 203 Index 235

Thompson, Hunter, 199 Vox, 5,24 The Times Literary Supplement, 194 Tongue, John, 107 Wergeland, Henrik Arnold, 34 'The Twa Corbies', 83 White, James, 2 Twain, Mark, 15, 16 Whitman, Walt, 160, 181 Tyutchev, 90, 91 Williams, William Carlos, 30, 159, 199 'Silentium', 90 Wolfe, Tom, 199 Wordsworth, William, 141, 201 Valery, Paul, 97, 103, 104, ll6, 121, 'The World is Too Much with Us', 148, 181 141 Villon, Fran~ois, 159, 162, 163 The Voice of Scotland, 26, 27 Yeats, W. B., 30, 56, 129, 137