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Regions in the Process of European Integration

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Regions in the Process of European Integration UNIVERSITY OF ŁÓDŹ Department of Political Geography and Regional Studies GOVERNMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE Silesian Institute in Opole SILESIAN INSTITUTE SOCIETY REGIONS IN THE PROCESS OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION DILEMMAS OF REGIONAL POLICY IN THE EUROPEAN UNION REGION AND REGIONALISM No. 8 vol. 2 edited by Marek Koter and Krystian Heffner Łódź–Opole 2007 REVIEWER Tadeusz Marszał Robert Rauziński MANAGING EDITOR Zofia Fijarczyk COVER Marek Jastrzębski MAPS AND FIGURES Anna Wosiak ENGLISH VERIFICATION BY Wojciech Leitloff Publikacja dofinansowana przez Ministra Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego ISBN 978-83-7126-232-6 978-83-86762-38-5 PAŃSTWOWY INSTYTUT NAUKOWY – INSTYTUT ŚLĄSKI W OPOLU Printed by EDJ Edytorstwo CONTENTS Foreword (Marek KOTER and Krystian HEFFNER)............................ 5 SECTION I EUROPEAN INTEGRATION PROCESS AND THE NEW FACE OF EUROPEAN REGIONAL POLICY AND TRANSBORDER REGIONS Marie-France GAUNARD-ANDERSON – French border regions in the context of European integration: the development of Eurore- gions................................................................................................... 7 Jan WENDT – Romanian Euroregions in the process of European integration – case study of the Serbian border .................................. 17 Alexandru ILIEŞ, Jan WENDT, and Vasile GRAMA – Cross-border co-operation between Romania and Bulgaria before EU enlarge- ment (2007) ....................................................................................... 27 Tomasz MAZUREK – The Łódź region in the regional structure of the European Union .......................................................................... 39 Andrea SZÉKELY – Overseas departments of France: administrative European regions far from Europe .................................................... 51 SECTION II EUROPEAN DIMENSION OF MINORITY PROBLEMS AND MULTICULTURAL REGIONS Andrzej RYKAŁA – Spatial and historical conditions of the Basques aiming to obtain political independence ................................................ 63 Joanna SZCZEPANKIEWICZ-BATTEK – Lusatia in the face of German reunification ........................................................................ 79 Tadeusz SIWEK – The attitude of Polish minority in the Czech Republic to the European Union ....................................................... 85 Izabela LEWANDOWSKA – The tradition and the contemporary of multiculturalism in Warmia and Masuria .......................................... 95 Alicja SZAJNOWSKA-WYSOCKA – Europeanisation of the cul- tural landscape of Upper Silesia ....................................................... 103 Marcin WÓJCIK – Multicultural places – a new dimension of the regional space in the globalisation period.......................................... 119 SECTION III SPATIAL AND POLITICAL PROBLEM AREAS IN SURROUNDINGS OF THE INTEGRATING EU Zoltán HAJDÚ – Political geographical questions of EU joining pro- cess of post-Yugoslav countries ....................................................... 125 Jernej ZUPANČIČ – Spatial problems of crisis areas and their inte- gration perspectives. The case of Kosovo ........................................ 139 Bostjan ROGELJ – Bosnia and Herzegovina between Dayton region- alization and post-Dayton centralization .......................................... 153 László BÉKÉSI – Changing dimensions of geographic determinism in the Western geopolitical doctrine .................................................. 165 No 8 FOREWORD The new volume of the Region and Regionalism series is dedicated to the role of regions in the European integration process and concentrates on se- lected problems of the EU regional policy. The range of European integration broadened considerably during the first decade of the 21st century with the accession of 12 new countries to the European Union. Spatial as well as so- cio-economic preconditions of the Union structure development became much more complex. At the same time, the situation of numerous European regions changed radically both in the geopolitical and socio-economic con- text. The volume is divided into three parts dealing with: (I) European Inte- gration Process and the New Face of European Regional Policy and Trans- border Regions, (II) European Dimension of Minority Problems and Multi- cultural Regions and (III) Spatial and Political Problem Areas in Surround- ings of the Integrating EU. Border regions of the ‘old European Union’ and those of new members states found themselves in a special situation. The situation of Euroregional structures have changed. Transborder co-operation in many border regions did not go beyond perfunctory contacts and integration socio-economic structures of these regions was relatively slow. Moreover, problems related to national minorities existing in the new EU member states (in Poland, Slo- vakia, Romania, Bulgaria, Baltic Counties and Cyprus) emerged more viv- idly. Political and spatial processes taking place in countries and regions surrounding the broadened European Union also call for and evaluation and revaluation. The exceptionally complicated political and territorial transfor- mation took place in the Balkan countries, which gradually regained their independence and only embarked on the process of integration with the European Union. The first section of the volume, which includes articles prepared by a group of specialists who are concerned with problems of political geogra- phy and regional policy, analyses French Border Regions in the Context of European Integration: the Development of Euroregions (Marie-France 6 Foreword Gaunard-Anderson), Romanian Euroregions in the Process of European Inte- grations – a case study of Serbian border (Jan Wendt), Cross-Border Coop- eration Between Romania and Bulgaria before the EU enlargement (Alexan- dru Ilieş, Jan Wendt, Vasile Grama). This sections includes as well a presen- tation of the Region of Łódź in the Regional Structure of the EU (Tomasz Mazurek) and Overseas Departments of France: Administrative European Regions far from Europe (Andrea Székely). The second part of the volume concentrates on the problem of minorities and the multicultural heritage of localities on the European scale. There are presentations of the way to the self-government on the example of some is- sues from history and present day of the Basques (Andrzej Rykała), then the minority region Lusatia in the Eastern Germany heavily influenced by Ger- man reunification process and historical preconditions (Joanna Szcze- pankiewicz-Battek) and the Attitudes of Polish Minority towards the Euro- pean Union in the Czech Republic (Tadeusz Siwek), the tradition and the present day of multicultural Warmia and Masuria (Izabela Lewandowska). The last two articles in this section characterize Europeization of the cultural landscape of Upper Silesia (Alicja Szajnowska-Wysocka) and Multicultural places as a new dimension in the regional space in the globalization period (Marcin Wójcik). The third set of texts contains considerations on Spatial Problems of Cri- sis Areas and Their Perspectives of Integration (Jernej Zupančič) and Politi- cal and Geographical Questions of the EU Accession Process of Post- Yugoslav Countries (Zoltán Hajdú). These problems are also addressed in the work concerning Bosnia and Herzegovina between Dayton regionalisa- tion and post-Dayton centralization (Bostjan Rogelj) and in the paper on the Changing Role of the Geographical Determinism in Modern and Postmodern Military/Peacekeeping Operation in Europe and the EU (László Békési). The whole set of articles presented in this volume refers to problems and dilemmas faced by the regional policy of the European union. The separate texts bring us some of the questions which require, or will require a solution in the process of European integration. Marek Koter Department of Political Geography and Regional Studies, University of Łódź Krystian Heffner Silesian Institute in Opole SECTION I EUROPEAN INTEGRATION PROCESS AND THE NEW FACE OF EUROPEAN REGIONAL POLICY AND TRANSBORDER REGIONS Marie-France GAUNARD-ANDERSON University Paul Verlaine, Metz, FRANCE No 8 FRENCH BORDER REGIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION: THE DEVELOPMENT OF EUROREGIONS 1. INTRODUCTION Regions are becoming even more powerful in Europe and they take a real part in the process of European integration. Among them, regions located along borders play a very special role: they are no longer strategic places for the defence of a nation but strategic places to experiment a ‘new Europe’, a unified Europe. Nowadays, people who live there, cross the border each day to work, to go shopping, for entertainment, go to the cinema, to the thea- tre, and so on. These regions are real cross-border labour markets and com- mon life areas but they are under different laws and use different languages. The EU and its members are conscious that these regions experience the con- struction of an ‘integrated Europe’ and they encourage cross-border co- -operation in order to achieve the main aim of the EU: to maintain an eco- nomic and social cohesion all over the Union. What is the situation of border regions in France? Are they developing cross-border co-operation like Euroregions which appeared along so many borders in Europe? We will analyse how French border regions take part 8 Marie-France Gaunard-Anderson today in this kind of cross-border co-operation and if they are a way for a better integrated Europe and finally, considering the new ‘technical’ tools (juridical, institutional and financial)
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