EDITORIATBOARD

Editor,andChairpersonoJtheEditoriatBoard. .. Er-rzesl.rlrL'Tare

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Psvllrs A RrcnrroNo .for Cataloging and Classification Section Eow,A,noSwaNsoN

Cenorvr C. Monnow for Presewation of Library Materials Section

FneNcrsF. SpnErrznr for Reproduction of Library Materials Section Section J. Mrcueel Bnuen for Resources

LrNor Sepp for Serials Section

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Atrqor-o HrnsnoN, RTSD NewsletterEditor

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@American Library Association 1983

Publication in Z ibrarytResources I TechnicalSeroices does not imply official endorsement by the Re- sourcesand Technical SeruicesDivision nor by ALA, and the assumption of editorial responsibility is not to be construednecessarily as endorsementofthe opinions expressedby individua.lcontribu- tors. /243

The Yeor'sWork in Seriolsz 1982

Benito M. Weber

"Incredible things are happening in the world," he said to ljrsula. "Right there acrossthe river there are all kinds of magical instruments while we keep"on living like donkeys." Gabriel Garcia M6rquez * OneHundred Yearsof Solitude

The literature and events covered in this review will be divided into the following areas: journal publishing, economic considerations and document delivery; automated systems and bibliographic control; eval- uation and use of collections; resource sharing and pieservation activi- ties; organization and administration of seriali acti;ities. JounNeL punLrsHrNc ANDEcoNoMrcs Serialslibrarians constituteone group of professionalswho are pain- fully aware of the proliferation of journal publishing. winkler (11i82b,

*An.asterisk followinga , title or a surname in the text indicates the entry element un- der which that citation will be found in the "References. " Entry elements ?or other cita- tions are given-in parentheses or indicated in the customary author-date style; however, in these annual reviews, date is included in the text reference only ifit is ottrer ihan I 982.

Benita M. weber is Head of the serials Department, General Library, university of New Mexico, Albuquerque. 2441 Library ResourcesI TechnicalSeraices ' Jul2/September 1983

offersa very detailedlook at someof the variablesinvolved in this phe- nomenon. Kronick, * in a review of this work, points out severaldiscrep- ancieswith regardto the lack of clarity or logic in statisticspresented, but he feels that ihe book as a whole is provocative and raises important

process^ for 1983. Sincemost U.S. libraries' serialscollections comprise predominantly The Year'sWork in Serials /245 ports, not surprisingly, that librarians have shifted funds from the monographic budget to pay for serials. While that trend has slowed down, it has not stopped altogether. Libraries are also canceling sole subscriptions as opposed to duplicate or branch copies as before. The

cal for libraries to order from and pay directly to publishers, especially when some publishers give discounts to libraries for direct ordeis? Paul (1982a,34) is somewhat convincing until he muddies the waters with mention of several labor-intensive tasks that he claims could be avoided

"free lunch, " exchange programs do offer an alternative method of ac-

increased availability of Soviet serials from vendors, exchanges were not necessarily cost-effective, even though their "hidden costs" were mini- mal (Stevens). One footnote to the whole economics of serials business deserves spe- cial mention and as many brickbats as we can toss. In an advertisement for Journal of Nutrition for the Elderlt, Haworth Press, publisher of many library-related journals, announced the following pricing structure: Individuals-$2g; Institutions-$5O; Libraries-$82! To call this outrageous and library-way robbery is a gross understatement. 246/ Library ResourcesU TechnicalSeraices oJullt/September 1983

ELECTRONIC PUBLISHING AND DOCUMENT DELIVERY

rapidly and steadily forward. At l'eastone 'nerjio.r of the electronic journal is right around the cor-

The ADONIS project, reported in this review article last year, con- tinues to be of inieresr for itt tackling of the electronic problems from both ends: storage and delivery. The six publishers-Academic Press, Blackwell Scientihc Publications, Elsevier Science Publishers, Perga-

sadly, still must rely on the archaic postal systems. That seems some- what akin to bringing the Columbia space shuttle back from California to Florida in covere-cltitgons. One ofthe primary aims of the ADONIS TheYear's Work in Seriak/247

9{g" p"_tacc€ss to them out of the realm of the possibrefor many users. flth-oug-l full text retrieval is a very significantd'evelopment, it is doubt- ful that libraries en massewill rush to canceltheir hird-copy subscrip- tions to thosetitles availableonline.

BrnlrocnePHlc CoNTRoL AND AUToMATEo Sysrrus That b€tenoire of 1981,AACR2, provedto be lessferocious in 1982 than expected.Serials catalogers, tholgh still facedwith someunsettled 248/ LibrarytResources I TechnicalSerui6s5 cJuly/September 1983 The Year'sWork in Seriak /249

year's end the other two CONSER members in the Research Libraries

will be shared or contributed to a nationwide database (Library Issues, 273). ANSI (American National Standards Institute) 239 Subcommittee E continued tryingto hammer out a standard for detailed serials holdings statements. In what has become a trial by fire, the subcommittee was attempting to resolve criticisms of its third draft at the end of 1982. The relationship of this standard to existing standards (principally the one for su.Tm,ary holdings statements, 239.+2) and to future developments is critical. work also continued on development of a method for-exchang- ing holdings/location data in machine-readable form. While 239.{2 2501 Librar2 ResourcesI TechnicalSeruices . JuQ/September 1983 point rather than the primary accesspoint to the material on which it appears"- (Matson, 342). The automation of serials activities' and especially the chronicling

ing day. " The Year'sWork in Seriah /257

tron. Ever,uarroN ANDUsn or Cor,tncrroNs

Collection evaluation for serials seems to be one area where the pro- verbial wheel is being reinvented by a variety of people. According to Downes, no matter how we do it, we are not doing a very good job oTit: 'Journal use surveys as conducted thus far can be undersiood best as a desperate compromise between the two themes of pragmatism and 252/ Library ResourcesI TechnicalSeTu;6s5 . Juu/September 1983

hope. Regardless of the techniques used by librarians and others to rank journal titles according to their level of use, the results have been imper- fect and unsatisfactory when they have been applied to collection man- agement" (Downes 1981, 2-3). In this discussion one group ofarticles deserves special attention be- cause they are concerned with a genre of little-understood, and probably little-used, publications, namely those of intergovernmental organiza- tions. It is indeed curious that in one year at least four articles on the subject have appeared; for too many years those "fugitives" from bib- liographic control have confounded serials and reference librarians alike. Two of the articles (Morehead and Harvey) present selected re- views of serial publications of, for example, the lJnited Nations, its semi- offrcially related organizations, and the Organization of American States. A third article covers one of the most infuriating of the category, the European Community. Kearley*give s a history of the organization, and describes its infrastructure, its publications, and its distribution of documents. There is also an annotated bibliography of the more impor- tant serials titles. The last article of note is a list of about 140 periodicals, including pub- lisher name and address, beginning date of publication, frequency and price, but most important, indexing and abstracting sources for each ti- tle (Zink). As Zink (p.51) comments, "The state of the art in indexing periodicals of international government organizations lags far behind. . . There has not even been a rudimentary attempt to compile a direc- tory of indexing sources." These articles contain a wealth of information to aid in the evaluation, control, and use of the publications of intergov- ernmental organizations. IMPBoVED AccEss THRoUGH RNSOUNCNSHARING AND PRESERVATION ACTTVTTTNS Why are we seeing a veritable explosion of serials union listing activi- ties, what does it mean, and where is it leading? The whys have to do with good timing, available technology, reasonable costs for creation, and shrinking budgets for acquisitions. The meaning is improved access for interlibrary loan and other resource sharing programs, though im- proved delivery has not come as far along. The direction in which it is headed is still an unknown. Automated union list activities have taken on a chrysalid form: further along, certainly, than their larval begin- nings but not yet developed into their ultimate adult structures. In an effort to prevent several hundred thousand newspaper titles from becoming fugitive materials, the National Endowment for the Hu- manities has awarded nearly $1 million to six institutions who will enter bibliographic information into the CONSER/OCLC database and holdings into OCLC's union list component. Grants have been given (as of the end of 1982) to the American Antiquarian Society, the Center for Research Libraries, Western Reserve Historical Society and the state historical societies of Kansas, New York, and Wisconsin. These six in- stitutions will enter about thirty thousand records into the database, pro- jected to contain some three hundred thousand titles published since The Year'sWork in Serials /253

1690. The project will also include preservation microfilming, on a se- lective basis, of those titles in danger of disintegration (NEH). It is an encouraging sign that an agency of the federal government is giving a significant frnancial boost to bibliographic control, union listing, and preservation activities, particularly in a time of decreased total federal support for that agency. Three institutions whose serials collections are critical to the national and even international library communities began in 1982 to make their resources known and available through the OCLC cataloging, interli- brary loan, and union list subsystems. The Center for Research Li- braries received a Department of Education HEA Title II-C grant for retrospective conversion ofits currently received serials and their linking titles. Approximately half of their 13,750 titles will be unique to the OCLC database (CRL). Linda Hall Library in Kansas City, Missouri, a major resource for holdings of scientihc periodicals, began entering its 25,000 serial titles into OCLC. In addition to being able to borrow through the interlibrary loan subsystem, OCLC members will be able to

quested for filling in gaps or for interlibrary loan purposes. Since the ac- tual issues, not photocopies, are provided for interlibrary loans, the usual copyright restrictions do not apply (Universal). The availability of the OCLC union list component has fostered crea- tion of numerous state and regional union lists. The Indiana University Libraries project and the Pennsylvania Union List of Serials were two of the earliest to be created online. (For general descriptions see Indiana n.d.. and Carter 1982b.) Two recent additions are those of the North- east Ohio Major Academic Libraries (NEOMAL) and the New York state libraries (OCLC-based). The New York effort will coordinate the serial holdings of more than three hundred organizations, both OCLC members and nonmembers. The New York effort is significant because, like the conversion and union list project undertaken by three major uni- versities in California-Stanford, UCLA, and Berkeley-it represents an important step toward linking different networks and databases. As union list and resource sharing projects have flourished over the past several years, so have we seen a parallel growth in the amount of published information to aid, guide, and train those about to embark on their own projects. The proceedings of a workshop devoted to the topic of union list projects were published last year (Ellsworth). The work- shop, held in 1979, offered sessionsthat at the time related the state of the art. Fortunately, or unfortunately, much has happened in three years; some of the contents, therefore, contain obsolete information. At the time of the workshop, for example, implementation of AACR2 was fully one year away, so problems discussed are more of a theoretical than a practical nature. One rather curious feature of the book is a section enti- tled "A Serials Discussion Group: Form of Entry" (Ellsworth, 53-67). 254/ LibrarytResources I TechnicalSeraices . Jut/september 1983

After discussing diagrammed examples, a question-and-answer session is reported in detail, without ever identifying the speakers or even the name of the main sessionpresenter. Those wanting a general treatise on the topic of union lists will, however, frnd the book interesting. A more useful tool, for those needing nitty-gritty details and advice about setting up union list projects, will be Guidelinesfor Union Lists of Seriak, published in 1982 by ALA's RTSD Serials Section Ad Hoc Committee on lJnion Lists of Serials (Bloss). (The frnal draft of this work was discussed in this review article last year.) Yet another aid recently published is more spe- cialized. Published by the Midwest Health Science Library Network, it is designed to help health scienceslibraries plan and develop union lists so that manually constructed lists can be transferred to machine- readable format (Notes). The U.K. Serials Group continued its vigorous activities by publish- ing the proceedings of its 1981 conference on resource sharing (Gra- ham). Resource sharing from local as well as international viewpoints is discussed. One particularly persuasive essay defending the British Li- brary Lending Division smashes some long-held and well-entrenched beliefs about local cooperation and union lists (Harris). While union list projects and resource sharing of all types forge ahead, the issue of centralization versus decentralization has still not been re- solved. Three papers presented at the April 1982 SUNY/OCLC meet- ings explore union list quality-control concerns and requirements from both vantage points (Bowen). It is clear that there are problems with both approaches, and no one "best way" surfaces in these presenta- tions. Maurice B. Line, director general of the British Library Lending Division IBLLD] , believes there is a best way, however, at least for in- terlibrary loan activity. He sharply criticizes the decentralized interli- brary loan system used in the U.S. from various viewpoints. It is not good at supplying either heavily wanted or little-used materials, the sup- ply is slow, creation and use of union catalogs can be costly, and demand is concentrated on a relatively small number of large research libraries. He outlines the reasons why a centralized system is better, of course cit- ing the BLLD as a prototype. Line (p.65) summarizes his ideas rather cynically: "Underlying it all is afeeling that cooperation must be a good thing. The truth is that librarians huddle together for warmth; coopera- tion has a nice warm cuddly sound, and resource sharing, though not so cuddly a phrase, sounds both harmonious and economic." Line hits hard at the foundation of the U.S. loan system, and he makes it difficult to refute his ideas. One method by which accesscan be continuously assured is by preser- vation of materials. The NEH newspaper project, which includes pres- ervation microfrlming, is one example of this, and another is the micro- frlming of old Latin American serials at the University of Texas Benson Latin American Collection (Microfrlming). The titles to be microfilmed and entered in the OCLC database (through a grant from HEA Title II- C) have been selectedbecause of their vulnerability, rarity, and research value. The project has two major objectives: preservation of the original printed artifacts and of their intellectual content, and facilitating access to these materials by researchers in other locations. The Year'sWork in Seriak /255

OnceNrzerloN ANDApvrrurstnATloN oF SERTALSACtrVttrns

While we look forward to and prepare for the changes that will affect our profession, we must, nevertheless, manage the ongoing activities re- lated to serials and organize ourselves in the manner that most eff,rciently and effectively leads to provision of services and materials to our users. It appears that there is still no agreement as to the structure that best meets this goal. Potter revives the form-versus-function argument by tracing the history of the establishment of separate serials departments. He de- scribes the advantage derived from separatism "not in improved proce- dures but in collection development. Greater attention was paid to seri- als" (Potter 1981, B7). As a strong proponent of organization by function rather than format of material, Potter (p.BB) fans the flames of the controversy with these statements: " Serialists often believe that their work is more difficult and gives off a brighter aura than the work of other librarians. . Further, serials librarians are so convinced of the diffi- culty of their jobs that they almost invariably make their procedures even more diffrcult as they attempt to anticipate, with elaborate proce- dures, any foreseeable problems." The second part of that statement seems so ludicrous that it is hard to accept any portion of his total argu- ment. Indeed, the only reasonable notion Potter offers finally is that au- tomation, providing decentralized accessto a central serials file, obvi- ates the need for separate serials processing, and may even lead to the elimination of traditional technical and public services divisions (Potter, e2). Though many serials librarians are not intimately involved in public service duties, it is imperative that we concern ourselves with the ulti- mate users and the ease, or lack thereof, they have in using the arrange- ments and files we create. Two recent articles offer serious testimony to the importance of this issue. The "serials rnaze," an elaborate flowchart of twenty-four steps conceived by Pinzelik (p.90), dramatically and graphically illustrates the tortures a typical patron must endure to find one periodical article. The possibilities for failure, though not always the fault of the library, are all too numerous. Pinzelik advocates the use of serials specialists to serve as intermediaries between the collection and the user. She concludes (p.94), "Serials are costly to purchase, compli- cated to process, difficult to frnd, and underused. It is essential that the additional step of providing adequate public service to the collection be taken." A study was performed at the University of Illinois, IJrbana campus library, to determine the successrate of patrons using a serials catalog of about one hundred thousand titles. Quite surprisingly, the in- vestigators found that72 percent of the patrons in the study successfully found the right entry the first time, and another 12 percent located the needed entry after a second or third try (Golden, 2B). They also found that implementation of title access using AACR2 rules could have avoided 20 out of 47 second and third searches.A final interesting statis- tic showed that 49 percent of the unsuccessful searcheswere due to pa- tron failure, while 51 percent were due to errors in the serials file (Golden, 27). If this study is truly representative of large libraries, it of- 256/ LibrarytResources I TechnicalSer,l;6ss oJuu/September 1983

fers important data as well as a challenge to the creators of serials files. Two monographs published in 1982 attempt to provide some current focus on the issue of organization and management of serials activities. Taylor,* former editor of the witty and lively periodical Title Varies, writes well, has an overall grasp of the complexities of serials, and identi- fies developments and trends with a refreshing clarity. His book is a unique addition to the professional literature in that he explores both sides of the issues, librarians' and publishers' alike. The second book, The Serials Collection: Organization and Administration (Melin 1982a), treats the issues in a more prosaic manner. Five of the fourteen chapters, each written by a different author, reexamine the form versus function theo- ries of organization. The remaining chapters deal with AACR2, auto- mation, and special processing problems of specific types of serial mate- rials.

FINALE

In reviewing a year's worth of events and literature related to serials activities, it is tempting to ask, if only rhetorically, whether the develop- ments represent small steps, medium strides, or great leaps forward for the profession. As the future is somewhat unknown, it is difficult to mea- sure the overall value of a particular occurrence, even though at the time it may appear quite significant. If the reader will permit this departure from tradition, I will call again upon GarciaMdrqu,ez' One Hundred Yearsof Solitude tohelp illustrate the 'This point. " is the great invention of our time,' exclaimedJos6 Arca- dio Buendia when presented with a new discovery by the gypsy. Buendia 'It's 'No,'the had at first thought, the largest diamond in the world.' 'It's gypsy countered. ice.' " In synthesizing the developments in the serials world, it is clear that they prognosticate profound changes in the acquisition, control, and dissemination of serials. While we cannot think of these developments in terms of discovering "diamonds," let us hope they are more signihcant than a rediscovery of "ice. "

Rr,rnnrNcns

Begg,Karin E., andMiller, Linda E. 1982."Faxon's LINX: TestLibrary Reports," SerinkReaieu B (Summer):p.57-62. Bloss,Marjorie E. , andothers. 1982. GuidelinesJor Union Lists oJ SenTls. Chicago: Serials Section, Resourcesand Technical ServicesDivision, American Library Assn. Bowen, Johanna; Hartman, Anne-Marie ; and Bloss, Marjorie. 1982. "quality Con- trol: Centralized and DecentralizedUnion Lists, " SerinlsReaizw B (Fall):p.87-95. Broad, WilliamJ. 1982. "Journals: Fearing the Electronic Future," Science216 (May 2B):p.964-68. Brown, NormanJ., and Phillips, Jane. 1982. "Price Indexesfor 1982U.S. Periodicals and Serial Services," Li brarltJournal I 07 (Aug. ) :p. 137 9 -82. Carter, Ruth C. 1982a.''Playing by the Rules-AACR2 and Serials,'' in SeriakMan- agement(see Melin 1982b),p.11-29. Carter, Ruth, and Bruntjen, Scott. 1982b. "The Pennsylvania(Jnion List of Serials: Continuing Developments," SerialsLibrarian 6 (Winter B1/Spring B2):p.47-55. "CRL Receives Funding to Begin Retrospective Conversion of Catalog Records." 1982FOCUS2 (July/Aug.): p.2.

25Bl Library ResourcesE Technical Seruices' July/September 1983

''NEH Newspaper Projects. " 1982. Associationof ResearehLibraries Neusletter 1 13 (Nov' 4):p.12-13. ,.Nfublvlef Builds SerialsList of the Holdings of Nine Members " 1982.LibraryJour- nal 107(May 1):p.845. "Notes on Recent Publications" 7982.American Libraries 13 (Jan.):p 101' ,.oclC-based Union List in N.Y. is step towards oCLC/RLIN Link." 1982.Library 107(May 15):p.925-26. Journal t'AreSubscriptionAgentsWorthTheirKeep?" Piul, Huibert. tSBZa. SerialsLibrarianT (Fall):p.31-41. 1982b. ''Automation of SerialsCheck-In: Like Growing Bananasin Green- land? Part 7," SerialsLibrarian6 ('V''linter Bl/Spring B2):p.3-16; and Part 2, SerinkLi- brarian6 (Summer):p. 39-62. Peters, Andrew. t9Bl. "E"atuating Periodicals," College(d ResearchLibraries 43

brarian7 (Fall):p.23-30. ,.Going Saxe, Minna C. i982. Online with Serials," in SeriahManagemeht (see Melin 1982b),p.31-41. "Sci/tec(Publishers to Offer SpeedyDocument Delivery." 1982.Ameriean Libraries 13 (Dec.):p.71 1 . "Seriali.News." 1982a.Snials Librarian 6 (Winter Bl/Spring B2):p.75-80' "serials News." 7982b.Serials Librarian 7 (Fall):p.95-96. "spotlight on HBRO. " 1982. BRSBulletin 6, no.9 (Sept.):p.3-5. Stuttkrs] Tony, and Rice, Barbara. 1982. "Handle with Care: IJse and Citation Data for Science-Journal Management," CollectionManagement 4 (Spring/Sum- mer):p.95-110. of St.t K. ; Kelley, Jade G. ; and lrons, Richard G. 1982. " Cost-Effectiveness Soviet""*,;u.tu Serial. Exchatr"g..," Library ResourcesI Technicalseruices 26 (Apr./ June):p.151-55. Szlt"asiy, Judith. 1982. "ISDS: Worldwide SerialsControl," IFLAJournal B (Nov.):

(May):p.9.

HigherEducation 24 (Apr. l4):p.21'22. ,iCost yu, Friscilla, C. 1982. Analysis: Domestic SerialsExchanges," Serial.rReaieu B (Fall):p.79-82. Zink, Steven D. 1982. "International Government Periodicals," SerialsReoieu B (Fall):p.51-59. /2s9

DescriptiveCotologing in lgg2

Gordon Slevenson

INTERNATIoNAL Dnvnlopvrnxts

*An.asterisk following.a title , or a surname in the text indicates the entry element un- der which that citation will be found in the "References.', Entry elements tor other cita- tions are given_in parentheses or indicated in the customary author-date style; however, in these annual reviews, date is included in the text referenie only if it is oth'er ihan t982.

Gordon Stevenson is Associate Professor, school of Library and Information science, State lJniversity of New York at Albany. 2601 LibrarytResources {d TechnicalSeruices ' Jult/September 1983

AACR2 DescriptioeCataloging /261 2621 Library ResourcesI TechnicalSeruices cJufit/September 1983

AUTHORITY CONTROL

Auld. * DescriptiaeCanloging /2G3

Trrn ONr,rNE CATALoG 2641 Librar2 ResourcesE TechnicalSeruices oJufilSeptember 1983 demic libraries are being met by the Consortium to Develop an On-line Catalog. The consortiuir is interested in libraries with less than 700'000 volumJs. One of its objectives is to work with utilities, vendors, and net- works in online planning (Heyman). The consid.mbl. eup-horia'associated with the online catalog is bal- anced by Matthews (p. i067), who asks: "Is an online p^"p-li:acc€ss cata- log within the realm^of reafity, or is it a never-to-be-fulfrlled dream of lib"rarians?" He provides a succinct state-of-the-art review, endingwith a cautionary note that only time will tell the future role of the online cata- log, and reminding us that much research needs to be done. Further- -6r., there are "riany innovations to be marketed before there is any stability" in the area of the online catalog $one_s,-120). - Research projects funded by the Council on Library Resources con- tinued to p.od,i.. results in igg2. "The CLR Public Online Catalog Study: An Overview" (Ferguson) describes the scope-ofa major Pfoject' Hildieth* completed a'related OCLC project. He describes and com- pares ten op.raii.tg systems, with the main emphasis on the."u.ser inter- Tace.,, Hor^ny,s* study is more limited, but is quite useful with its review of operating systems.-The older catalog use studies, based on card cata- logs, appeai to be irrelevant to the online catalog, and we can exPect a ne* *i"e of use studies with new research designs' BIBLIOGRAPHIC UTILITIES Among the major bibliographic utilities, it is not surprising. that the largest liierature ivas devotEd io OCLC. As is the case with other utili- tieJ, the provision of descriptive cataloging data-for the construction of local catalogs and for acceJsing network resources-continues to be the most eff,rcieit and most basic OCLC service. Sawyer* examines the use of archival tapes in a research libraries network. Wanninger* raises questions as to dysfunctional aspects of a database as large as_OCLC, especially in view of the high peicentage of duplicate entries. Cargille* explores'the question of wheiher one should input a new. record into Oe lC or adapt an existing record when catalogin-g a variant edition. Reynolds* e*aLrines the exftnt and consequences of variations-when lo- cal data are entered in OCLC. Finally, the expanding role of the net- work service center in OCLC is dis At midyear Shurkin* reported sr fore his article was published, an ar been completed (Arms). By Octobr "RLIN's recent performance has ir': timistic about the future. In "R (Dailey) we have two detailed comparative analys-esof the two systems' tft.y ii. case studies based on the actual use of the two systems in one library. wiih its Bibliographic service Development Program, the council on Library Resourc6s ii a major force in the evolution of an interconnected nationll bibliographic ditabase. In considering the background of the status of BSDp's work, J"onis (p.111) tries to "identify and record DescriptiaeCanloging /265 various elements that, taken together, form our defacto nationwide bib- liographic record system. " The problem, in terms of user service, is not

CoNcr,usroN

around storage, retrieval, and transfer of bibliographic data, rather than the structure ofthe data (except, ofcourse, the problem ofstandardizing frle_swith AACR2, and the stiucturing of systems of subject access). Research areas related to a successful move into the eia of the online catalog began to take shape. The human element-both in the organiza- tional setting of the online catalog and the interaction between people and machines-was recognized as a central issue that has to b; de;lt with. There were tensionsbetween the demands of local collections and the commitment to network and international standards. The relation- 2661 Librarl ResourcesI TechnicalSeraices oJuQ/Septenber l9B3 eral eloquent statements about limitations of our current theory,-philos- ophy, ind practice, no one produced an agenda that departs significantly from the course to which we are committed.

REFEBENCES

Assn. the Arms, William Y., and Arms, Caroline R. 1982. Reportof thelerJormance Problems of RL'IN Computer'S\stem.Hanover, N.H.: Kiewit Computation Center, Dartmouth College. .,Authority Auld, L"arry. 1982. control: An Eighty-Year Review," LibraryResources I Technical Seruices 26 (Oct. lDec.) :p. 3 I 9-30. Avram, Henriette D., and Mciilum, Sally H. 1982. "UNIMARC"' IFLAJournal B:50-53. "Beyond Automated Circulation: Still a Twilight Zone." 1982.American Libraries 13 (Sept.):p.526,528. ,,AACR2: Brighi, Franklyn F. 1982. The First Anniversary: Celebrationor Lament?"

B:o.257-64. CLI{. Council on Library Resources.Bibliographic Service Development Program. l9B2 Progr e s s R eport: Third Quarter, Ending Se ptem b er 3 0. Washin gton, D' C' : The C oun- cil. ,, ,compatible Headings' Policy will cease on September1st." 1982. Library oJcon' gressInformation Bulletin 41 (May 2B):p.152 CJ"t , C. Donald, comp. 198). ,q,lcn2 Ou;s;onsand Rule InterpretationsOttawa: Cana-

tnly, 2, no.2/3:p.59-7 6. Ooa6, Sue A. 19b2. CatatogingMachine-Readable Data Files,an InterpretiueManual. Chi- cago: American Library Assn. Douiherty, Richard M. igB2. "Believes RLG Will Succeed," AmerieanLibraries 73 Descriptiae Cataloging /267

__Library Automation at the State Level," Technicalities2 flan.):p.B-10. ThzFuture of the Union Catalogue.1982. Proceedings of the Iniernational Symposium. C. _ .Donald Cook, ed. CatalogingI ClassifieationQuarterQ 2 no. 112:1-130. Ghikas, Mary W., ed. 1982.Authority Control: Tne fiy tu Tomorrow'sCatalog. Phoenix, Ariz : Oryx Pr. Gorman, Michael. 1982a. "New Rules for New Svstems," AmerieanLibraries 73 (Apr.):p.2+1-+2. 1982b. "Thinking the Thinkable: A SynergeticProfession," AmericanLi- braries73 fluly/Aug.):p .+73-74. Hagler, R_onald,and Simmons, Peter. 1982. TheBibliographic Recordand Information Tech- nologlt.Chtcago: American Library Assn Hqygtql, Berna L. 1982. "In Line to Get Online, a Background Report on __CONDOC," ColoradoLibraries 7 (Dec.):p.10-13. Heyman-s,Frans. 1982. "How Human-Usable is Interchangeable?Or, Shall We Pro- duce Catalogues or Babelographic Towers?" Library Resoirces€4 TechnicalSeraices 26 (Apr.{une):p.156-69. Hildreth, Charles R. 1982. OnlinePublic AecessCatalogs. Tfu (Jserl4terfaee. OCLC Li- brary, Information, and Computer Scienceseries. Dublin, Ohio: OCLC. Horny, Karen L. 1982. "Online Catalogs: Coping with the Choices," JournaloJAea- demicLibrariansiep B (Mar.):p .l+-19. Hostage,John. 1982. "AACR2, OCLC, and the Card Catalog in the Medium-Sized Llbrary," LibraryResources E TechnicalSeruices 26 (Jan./Mar.):p .12-20. "The International Cataloguing-in-Publication Meeting, Otiawa, 16-19 August 1982." 1982.IFLA lournalB:419-20. Intner, SheilaS. l9B2l"Access to Media, an Investigationof Public Librarians' Biblio- graphic Practicesand Attitudes towards Accessto Nonprint Materials." D.L.S. dis- f Library Service. Conversion of Three Library Collections," :):p.133-39. rhic Record System Elements," InJormation 'Con.r".rion at a Two-Year College," Infor- mationTechnologlt and Libraries 1 (Mar.):p.41-44. Lindberg, I,ois; Boyd, Alan; and Druesdow, Elaine. 7982.Library oJ Congress Rule Intu- pretationsJorAACR2, a CumulationJrornCataloging Seruice Bulletin i 1-16. Oberlin, Ohio: Oberlin College Library. Martin, SusanK. 1982a."TheSagaofCatalogingRules," LibraryIssues2(Mar.):p.3. 1982b. "The Union Catalogue: Summary and Future Directions," Catalog- ing {d ClassiJicationQuarterll 2, no.1/2:p.121-25. Matthews,JosephR.l9B2. "OnlinePublicAccessCatalogs:AssessingthePotential," LibrarltJournal 107 (June 1):p.1067-7 1. Mendenhall,Kathryn. l9B2.FinalReportonasurae2oftheCataloginginPublieationProgratn to theLibrary oJCongress Cataloging in PublicationDiaision. Washinglon, D. C. : Library of Congress.ERIC documentED 221 215. Milj:etich, Marybeth. 1982. "The History and Impact of ISBD," Library ResourcesE Teehnical Seraices 26 (Apr.{une) :p. 177 -82. Miller, Djck R., and Brewer, Karen. 1982. "Usefulness of OCLC Archive Tapes as a Basis for Local Online Systems," CatalogingI ClassiJicationQuarterly 2-, no.3/ 4:p.77 -85 . "Nationwide Bibliographic Data Base . " 1982.InJormation Hotline 14 (Nov. ):p. 13. "Patrons View Library's Catalog from Home." 1982. InJormationTechnologt and Ll braries7 (Mar.):p.73. Perreault,Jean M. 1982. "Authority Control, Old and New." Libri 32 flune):p.124-48. Reynolds,Dennis. 1982. "Entry of Local Data on OCLC: The Options and Their Im- pact on the Processing of Archival Tapes," InJormationTechnologt and Libraries I (Mar.):p.5-14. Richmond, Sam. 1982. "Problems in Applying AACR2 to Music Materials," Libmt ResourcesE TechniealSeraices 26 (Apr.{une):p.204-11. 268/ Libraryt ResourcesI Technical Seru;6g5c Juu/September 1983

Rogers, JoAnn V. 1982. Nonprint CatalogingforMuhimedia Collections,a GuideBased on AACR2 Littleton, Colo.: Libraries Unlimited. Salmon, StephenR. 1982. "The Union Catalogue: Functions, Objectives and Tech- niques," CatalogingI ClassificationQunrtnly 2, no.1/2:p.21-44. Sawyer,Jeanne. 1982. "An Archive Tape ProcessingSystem for the Triangle Research Libraries Network,'' LibraryResources I TechnicalSeruices 26 (Oct./Dec'):p .362-69. gB2. Schmidt,Judith G. l "Name Authority Co-Op, " LibraryoJ Congress lnJonnation Bul- letin41 (Apr. 2):p.105. Shurkin,Joel. 1982. "The Rise and Fall and Rise of RLG," AmnicanLibraries 13 (Jdy/ Aug.):p.450-55. Tseng, Sally C. 1982.LC RuleIntnpretations of AACR2, 1978-1982.Cumulated ed. Me- tuchen, NJ. : Scarecrow. "UNIMARC: Recent Developments." 1982. InternationalCataloguing 11 (Oct./ Dec.):p.40-41. Wanninger, Patricia Dwyer. 1982. "Is the OCLC Databasetoo Large? A Study of the Effectbf Duplicate Records in the OCLC System," LibrarytResources (B TeehniealSer- aices26 (Oct./Dec.):p.353-61. "Washington Library Network, the ResearchLibraries Group, and the Library of Con- gressCbmplete First Phaseof the Project Designed to Link Computer Systems." 7982.InJormation Hotline 14 (Feb.):p.4-5. Williamson, NancyJ. 1982.''Is There a Catalog in Your Future? Accessto Information in the Year 2006," Library ResourcesI TechnicalSeraices 26 (Apr.{une):p .122-35.

NOMINATIONS FOR I9B4 ESTHERJ. PIERCY AWARD

Nominations for the 1984 EstherJ. Piercy Award are now being accepted. They should be submitted by December 1, 1983, to Don Lanier, Chair, EstherJ. Piercy AwardJury, 613 Ball Ave., DeKalb, IL 60115. The Piercy Award was first presented in 1969. Its purpose is to recognize con- tributions to librarianship in the field of technical services by a younger librarian-one who has no more than ten years of professional experience and who has shown outstanding promise for continuing contributions and leader- ship. The award may be granted for: o leadership in professional associations at local, state, regional, or national levels; r contributions to the development, application, or utilization of new or im- proved methods, techniques, and routines; . a significant contribution to professional literature; o conduct ofstudies or research in the field oftechnical services. Renominations of nonrecipients are acceptable. /269

SubfectCotologing in 1982

ConsfonceRinehort

A ArrnoucH THEAUTHons of a major review of five years of subject anal- ysis literature announced early in their article that they were omitting from consideration "subject analysis as typically practiced in academic and public libraries" (Travis, 123)-the topics normally discussed in these lft ZS narratives-the phrases that reflect their concerns, such as controlled vocabulary, free-text searching, and automated indexing are appearing with increasing frequency in what one might consider the "standard" journals of librarianship and technical services. The typical practice of subject analysis in libraries is changing dramatically as the online catalog becomes more prevalent and more sophisticated. Toor,s oF THE Tneor Some of the new texts and revisions of familiar tools that have ap- peared during 1982 serve to illustrate these developments. Hagler and Simmons, in an interesting and unusual work on basic bibliographic in- formation and its treatment in automated systems, remark that "varia- tions on these techniques [of classification and subject headings] which were not feasible in manual systems are now frequently offered in computer-based ones. These include citation indexing, the use of rele- vance weighting in word-counting, keyword indexing, and the employ- ment of Boolean logic" (Hagler, 235). Foskett,* in the most recent edi- tion of his treatise on subject analysis, has been able to omit the chapter on computers as being suffrciently familiar and has increased the space given to such automated aspects as derived indexing and computer- based postcoordinate systems. Designedly far more limited than Foskett's text are those of Rowley (1982a), which omits any study of classification although it deals rather generously with PRECIS, and Brown,* which even in its first edition equated subject analysis and indexing. To prepare the way for current considerations of the Library oJCongress SubjectHeading Zzsl [LCSH], Kirtland* and Cochrane have compiled a bibliography of critical evaluations generally covering the period

*An asterisk following a title or a surname in the text indicates the entry element un- ' 'References. ' ' der which that citation will be found in the Entry elements for other cita- tions are given in parentheses or indicated in the customary author-date style; however, in these annual reriews, date is included in the text reference only ifit is other than 1982.

Constance Rinehart is Professor and Assistant Dean. School of Library Science , Uni- versity of Michigan. 270/ Library ResourcesI TechnicalSeraices t JuQ/September 1983

19++-79. The commentary accompanying the list indicates that major revision is a necessity if LCSH is to continue as a useful tool. In another background study, Boll* concludes that even if LC subject heading pol- icy has continued to follow Cutter's principles, applications of the policy have been changing in recent decades. Boll's concern is not so much that subject headings (terms reflecting the major subject of a work) are in some casesbeing applied as if they were descriptors (terms describing a single phase of the work), but rather that these changes appear to have been made in response to pressure in individual casesrather than follow- ing from the development of new guidelines. Criticism of the basic policy itself is voiced by Mischo (1982a), who feels that Cutter does not offer a sound theoretical base for the subject accesssystem needed in a research library; problems cited include use of synonymous headings, lack of full indexing, and inadequate cross-references.Wepsiec (p.25) suggeststhat among the factors behind LC's "non-adherence to hierarchical princi- ples .l . [are] l) the absence of precisely defined boundaries for some subject fields; 2) the generally complex nature of relationships among concepts in the social sciences; and 3) the nonexistence of a detailed, comprehensive LCSH code for the guidance of the librarians who estab- lish headings." While Cochrane is investigating the possibility of a cooperative solu- tion to some of these general problems (LC), others are inclined to be- lieve that solutions must be worked out by individual libraries. Recog- nizing that LC probably cannot_undertakelarge-scale subject revision in its current economic situation, Holley and Killheffer suggest that a sin- gle institution can improve subject accessat a reasonable cost through "automated subject searching and the use of machine readable author- ity files" (Holley, 128). This approach would require, however, that LC update its subject authority file and make it available in machine- readable form, and that programs be developed for accessto the file. Specific problems have been addressed as well. Berman* offers direc- tions for libraries or other agencies attempting to increase subject access (1982b) and provides lists of subject terms to replace or augment those used in standard cataloging copy (1982a). Greenberg* examines the characteristics of scope notes in LCSH and gives examples of notes that carry out different functions. Perreault* discussesthe problem of chang- ing place-names, and Studwell (1982a) suggests some additional period subdivisions for one geographic area. Meanwhile, a new edition of the classifred list of LC subject headings has been published (Williams), and ALA's Resources and Technical Services Division began a series of institutes devoted to LC's subject- heading practices and policies (RTSD). The SearsList, that smaller and ever-more-distant relative of LCSH, appeared in a new edition during the year (Westby). THE CARDCerer,oc Oxr-rnn Discussion of subject accessin online systems has displayed a rather discouraging acceptance of the limitations of standard systems and a dis- maying tendency to assume that keyword searching will provide all the SubjectCataloging /27 | subject information that a database can offer. In an address at RTSD's Silver Anniversary Program in 1981, Williamson (p.12a) pointed out that in spite of all our technological advances, little has been done to change the ways in which a user can get at the contents of a library cata- log. "We have perfected the catalog which has existed for more than one hundred years without significantly improving the kinds of biblio- graphic and subject accessthat the catalog might provide. Nor have we experimented sufficiently with possible new approaches to subject re- trieval of bibliographic items which modern technology could support. " Williamson fears that online bibliographic databases, which offer more effective search tools than the traditional catalog, and business informa- tion systems, which give direct access to data, may draw information seekers away from libraries to commercial and general use online ser- vlces. Lipow,* speaking at an RTSD program on "Subject Analysis in the Online Environment" at the 1982 ALA Annual Conference, pointed out that subject headings enable the catalog user to get at retrospective titles; her conclusions were confirmed by Pease* and Gouke in the re- port of a study of catalog use at Ohio State lJniversity. _ An early report on the findings of the Online Public Access Catalog IOPACI Evaluation Project, administered by the Council on Library Resources, indicated that catalog users had a strong interest in increased subject access (Besant). In spite of the opportunities offered by online searching, however, results of the OPAC study showed that most users of online catalogs could make a subject search only by entering terms from LCSH (Hildreth 1982b,129). The consequences of this have been summarized by Cochrane* and demonstrated through a study by Gouke* and Pease, who found that an unexpectedly large number of us- ers took a subject approach to the online catalog even when the only in- formation given was the title, and that these searchesalways failed in the catalog on which the study was based. Clearly, something more is needed. Although Wilson (1983) opened RTSD's 1982 preconference on "Prospects for the Online Catalog" with the suggestion that redefinition of the purpose of the subject catalog-not deeper indexing-held the answer, others view the present state of things as merely a necessary phase, to be followed by such en- hancements as combined searches,more points of access,the addition of nonlibrary records, etc. (Gorman, 1982b). Salmon (1983) reported at the 1982 preconference that several online library catalogs allowed some sort of combined subject search, resulting in a keyword type of ap- proach, and Rowley described one online system under development that would permit subject searching under any "verbal subject state- ment" (1982b, 264). Settel* and Cochrane reminded those responsible for catalog development of their 1976-77 project aimed at augmenting the subject descriptions in MARC records by using terms or phrases from the index or table of contents. The lack of subject access, free-text searching, or any approach by classification number are familiar problems in reference use of OCLC (Miller). The RLIN database, on the other hand, can be searched by 272/ Librar2 ResourcesI TechnicalSeruices . Jufu/September 1983 phrases, free-text words, or subject headings, capabilities that prompted Northwestern lJniversity Library to offer users of its online catalog a precoordinated, alphabetical subject index or list of subject headings and subdivisions (Horny 1982a,1982b). The University of New Bruns- wick, on the other hand, has attempted to increase subject access "by breaking keywords out of precoordinated subject strings and titles" (Al- len, B), although this made it impossible to search precise titles. Access to the New Brunswick catalog is also possible through classification num- ber, which is handled as if it were a single-word entry (Clinton). Mischo (1982b) has investigated a system for generating additional access points from assigned subject headings and title words, and Hildreth (1982a) considers the use of browsing in the online catalog as a form of subject access. A subject authority file generated from the OCLC records has been proposed both as a way of reducing subject heading errors in the database and as a way of providing an index to it (O'Neill). No practicing cataloger will be surprised to learn that topical headings have been found to occur most frequently even in the online catalog, followed by personal, geographic, and corporate names (Markiw). Rnr.erno DEvELOPMENTS The need for subject accessto collections of archives and manuscripts has been proposed as a question for study (Bearman). Original order is the principle usually followed in organizing these materials, but Boles* argues that documents should be arranged in the simplest order that will still permit access,whether this is the original order or some other. Con- cerned that archival systems rely too heavily for subject access on the researcher's interaction with the archivist, Pugh supports the use of in- dexing to increase subject accessto record groups and individual papers and suggeststhat "archivists may have unnecessarily neglected the idea of subject access" (Pugh, 42) in their efforts to separate archival han- dling from library processing. Although Pugh equates classification with shelf location-'(only one aspect of the book can be retrieved through the classification scheme alone" (Pugh, 34)-she does offer some useful basic distinctions between the two fields. Following an investigation of the subject approach in a special kind of archive, Nasatir* suggeststhat LCSH be used for catalog descriptions of machine-readable data files, supplemented by documentation and in- dexes as necessary. In order to increase subject access,titles of machine- readable data files should contain as many descriptive terms as are appli- cable; lists of useful terms should be worked into interdisciplinary thesauri, which in turn would be used to provide standard subject ac- CCSS. Two descriptions of online retrieval systems for collections of photo- graphs have been presented, one using a "turnkey" system (Logan) and the other proposing a faceted classification to provide access(Batty). One of the more unusual developments in subject accessis the crea- tion of a method for indexing recorded materials for the blind in which index words are "superimposed over the recording of the narrated text SubjectCataloging /273

at 16 times the speed of the text. The index words are heard and under- sto_odonly when the cassetteplayer is in the fast-forward mode" (Hagle, 267). The process makes the use of recorded materials easier and holds considerable promise for the production of recorded reference works as well as for the indexing of more usual recorded texts. CLASSIFICATION In ^ one of the papers presented at the ALA/RTSD Subject Analysis Committee's 1982 program on "subject Analysis in the Online Envi- roffnent," Svenonius (1983) reminded the audience that classification is also of value to the automated catalog and suggested that both classifr- cation theory and classification practice mighf iee a revival of interest because of their relevance to online systems. Richmond, speaking on the same occasion, went even further and offered it as her "considered opin- ion . . that there is not a very great future in the use of keywords, Bbol- ean al-gebra,or LC subject headings in online searching. It is more likely that classification will be mandatory" (Richmond 1983, 92). While onb tt_'-3jgtcontribution to classification theory appeared during the year (Universal), only the practice of classification-has been able to spark much comment in the United States. For followers of one popular system, the Dewey Decimal Classifica- t1o1 [OOCJ , two extremely useful manuals appeared during the year. Osborn* includes recent history of the scheme and a discuJsion of its characteristics, as well as extensive exercises in anilyzins DDC num- bers, assigning numbers to topics described, and reclaisifying from older DDC numbers to those of edition 19. Osborn's work was followed later in the year by the authoritative Manual on the (Jseof theDewey Decimal Classification(Comaromi 1982b). While more difficuit to ,rse is a rext- book for beginners, this publicaiion should be of great value to students as well as to practicing classifiers; proceeding in schedule order, the ma- jor section of the Manual discussesthe structure of each class or table and contains commentary intended to help with the classification of problem topics and the use of difficult sections of the scheme. Discussion of the DDC has included Gray's call for "conservative re- construction" (p.47), as opposed to the current enthusiasm for "phoe- nix" revisions,'-and jonestf humorous but thoughtful considerati,on of the treatment of extraterrestrial beings in DDC. Hassell* compares DDC's enumerative music schedules to a faceted, performance-oriented arrangement, but concludes that such a major change is unwarranted. Linden* also considers the degrees of change in DDC and what they mean to library staff at the local level, and the DDC editor has reported on problerns brought to his attention during a tour of England and Scot- land in 198l (Comaromi 1982a). - .-Except for'Geiger's* compleiion of a key for the location of subject bibliography in LC's classZ, comments on the Library of Congress clas- sifrcation related to purely local problems (Crumb, Studwell tOe2b) ana tended to illustrate the maxim that cataloging solutions coine full circle about every fifty years. Activity has begun toward an updating of the Lynn-Peterson Alternatiue ClassiJicationfor Cathotic Books (Classifiiation), 2741 Library ResourcesI TechnicalSeruices cJuly/September 1983 and Gorman (1982a) suggeststhat both LC and DDC should appear in brief versions useful ior shilf arrangement, while the full numbers would be used for machine manipulation. Two British medical librarians (Whitsed, Palmer) described the p19b- lems encountered in converting to the classification of the National Li- brary of Medicine [NLM], and a British NLM users group held its first meeting in May (National). DDi's relati'oi, the lJniversal Decimal Classification [UOC], is also alive and reasonably healthy in much of the world. Goossens* traces UDC's base in Dewey and developments in the nineteenth century, while de Regt* stressesthe problems that arose in the 1970s between the traditional view of UDC as a library classification and the modern at-

tions.

tion, was described in some detail during the year (Datrlberg). A univer- sal scheme that has been under development since 1970, the ICC uses a decimal notation and features the combining of concepts both within subject groups and between subject groups. Shelf arrangements of all sorts are described by Hyman,,* who in- cludes a lengtliy bibliography on the subject and a reprint of the Reader Interest Claisiircation developed by the Detroit Public Library in the 1940sand frrst published in 1959. CoNcr-usror.t

newer and far more effective procedures. SubjectCataloging /27 5

Rnrnnrncns

Bearman, David. 1982. "Toward National Information systems for Archives and Manuscript _ Repo-sit-ories," AmericanArc hi ai s t 45 (W inter; :p. SI - SO. Berman,sanford. 1982a."AccesstoAlternatives: NewAppioachesincataloging,', in AlternatioeMaterials in Libraries,ed. byJames p. Danky and Eiliott Shore, p.31--66 Me- tuchen, N.J.: ScarecrowPr.

Bo1l,John^J. 1982. "From SubjectHeadings to Descriptors:The Hidden Trend in Li- brary of congress Subject Headings," eanloging I classificationeuarterty l, nos.2/ 3:p.3-28. ' 1983 276/ Libraryt ResourcesI Technical Seraices Jul/September

Innova- Hassell,Robert H. 1982."Revising the Dewey Music Schedules:Tradition vs. tion,;' Library Resources(ts TechniiatSeruices26 ({g'{une):p'1,9?. ?03;, . Hildreih, Chailes R. l9g2a. "Online Browsing Suppo.t Capabilities." in Information

Tune):p.1BB-91. pauline. ,,criticat K#;;1i:M;;i1.,-- cochrane, 1982. Views of LCSH-Library Cataloging oiCorg..r, Subject""a H;iG;; A tiilg^raphic and Bibliometric Essay," 8 ClasiiJication | , nos-2/ 3 :p .7 -9-4-. Quarterly .l ^ ^ ^ & Nov'/ .,f,-C S"U.;i.t n".tlVo.u'U"i"ry Proje'ct." 1982. RTSDNewsletterT (Sept./Oct' Dec.):p.66-67. Libraryt lirr-J"n', ilon. 1982. "Some Thoughts on the Dewey^DecimalClassification," 8 TechnicalSeraices 26 (Apr ./June): p ' I 83-87 ' Resources ;i;*iid igit:. Cois'iderationsof the Current Capabilitiesof "'ffi#;;.."i"'ii"fi".Lipow. Anne Grodzinr. iublic Catalogs," Library ResourcesI TechnicalSeraices 27

sity of Illinois. Li- Miilr,Julia E. 1982. "OCLC and RLIN as ReferenceTools," JournaloJ Academic brarianshiPB (Nov. p. 270-77. ): 'llib.u.y Review of the fr,ti..f,", W'iffiJ-. $gZi. of Congress Subject H.eadings:.A probiems, and prospects for l-prored S"ubiectAicess," Canhging I Classification Subjut Cataloging/277

NOMINATIONS FOR 1984 MARGARET MANN CIT:ATION

o distinguished '- teaching in the area of cataloging and classification. Renominations of nonrecipients are acceptable. 27Bl

Developmentsin MicrogroPhics, "Fqir Use," ond Video Technology, 1982

KorenNodeski ond JockPontius

T I 1982 may have been a transitional one for micrographics. Two"" professional"ro* societies decided to change their names to reflect their orien^tation toward management systems, while another reorganized to of CongresJ an- accept personal membe.siips only. The library [LC] ,rorp..d its intention to give minimal level accessto all microforms, and the Association of Reseirch Libraries [ARL] Microform Project acted as liaison for several cooperative microform cataloging projects. Finan- cial problems, meanwhile, forced the_National Archives and the Foreign N.oirpup.r Microhlm Project to cutback on their activities. Many bib- liogt"phi. guides and gonLrnment documents were issued for the first titti. iir micioformat utrl u few organizations began to test the capability of video/optical discs to store prini and nonprint-maleriaf.1 A number of state-of-the-art articles were^written on video/optical disc technology while micropublishing proved middle-aged enough to merit a book on its history. *i.rg nes.laich's statistical su=rveyof photocopying practices in libraries creited considerable controversy and was used by both Ii- braries and publishers in support of their widely differing viewpoints. MEETINGS AND ORGANIZATIONAL ACTIVITIES ce for the 80s" was the theme of the rn convention held in St' Louis in its, however, were library oriented' :rographics Association [NMA] and duilty shifted to the data processing market, which has the funds to purchase and to develop new manage-

*An asterisk following a title or a surname in the text indicates the entry element un- der which that citation wilt be found in the " References.'' Entry elements for other cita- tio". gi"." in parentheses or indicated in the customary author-date style; howe-v-er, I . in these"r" ainual revie*s, date is included in the text reference only if it is other than 982

mem- Karen Nadeski, Assistant Librarian, andJack Pontius, Asso_ciate L_ibrarian, are i..r of ,fr" rt"ff of the lJniversity Librarie-s at Pennsylvania State University' Micrographics, "Fair (Jse," and Video Technotog /279

corporated as the Microform Association of Great Britain and will now

The eighth annual Microforms conference met for the first time in conjunction with the second annual Serials conference and the third an- 280/ Librar2 ResourcesI Technical Seruices' Jufu/September1983

MICROFORMS IN LTNNENTNS

LC announced plans to create minimal level records for all micro- forms, with some being upgraded to full records when their research value or demand meritJ it. The Microform Reading Room staff began

tify commercially produced microform cataloging records which meet .ralional standardi and to develop cooperatite microform cataloging Micrographics, ''Fair Use," and Vidzo Technologt /2Bl

University. Areas covered include facility design, upgrading of equip- ment, staff training, and collection development. Tannenbaum (1981) discussed the design of a microform reading area and gave guidelines for lighting, temperature, aesthetics, and noise control. Farrington* re- viewed the three ways of housing microforms-centralized, decentral- ized, and a combination of the two-and the public service ramifications of each method. Although written for businesses, Exelbert and Poli's ar- ticles reviewed and illustrated the various microform storage and frling devices that are available (Exelbert l992c; Poli). Mclntosh* suggested methods that libraries can use to promote actively their microform col- lections: good signs, interesting displays, demonstrations, and media contacts. The libraries of the University of Minnesota, the Pennsylvania State University, and the John F. Kennedy-Institut ftir Nordamerikastudien Freie lJniversitit in Berlin recently produced guides to their microform collections (Harmon 1981; Pontius;John). The Penn State guide was computer-produced to allow for easy updating; an article by Pontius dis- cussed the use of "canned" computer programs to produce such guides (Pontius 1981). Sixty percent of the holdings of the library of the Ken- nedy Institut are on microform, with the collection being particularly strong in manuscript and archival material. In addition to the Microform Association of Great Britain's new jour- nal, Microfilm (d Video Sltstems*also began publication in England last year. It plans to cover developments in micrographics and related tech- nologies in the United Kingdom and Europe. The new ten-year cumula- tive index to Microform Reaiew" will help librarians locate both reviews of collections that they are considering for purchase and general articles on the use of microforms in libraries. The antimicroforms quote of the year was made by Raymond Mason Taylor, the new superintendent of documents, at the fall 1982 meeting of the Depository Library Council to the Public Printer. "I DESPISE MICROFILM," Taylor said, "but I am an economic realist, and I am pragmatic in my approach to the acquisition of information" (as quoted in Schwarzkopf ,242). Other people also expressed concern about the amount of depository material being distributed on microfiche. Hernon* did a survey of actual and potential use of government publica- tions with emphasis on the use of microformatted documents. FIe sug- gested that the change in format may result in a decline in the use of document materials. In a discussion of the transfer of information from the government to library users, Morehead* cautioned that indiscrimi- nate conversion by the Government Printing Office to microfiche will result in greater user "disaffection.'' He cited as an example his dismay that House and Senate bills are now being sent to depository libraries in microformat. Similarly, McClure wrote that "depository librarians were on the receiving end of utilizing a technology over which they had little input as to its appropriateness" (McClure, 261). A more positive approach is taken by Morton in his discussionof new management problems created by the GPO microfrche program. (Mor- ton 1982b). Zink* emphasized that the proper handling of microforms 2B2l Librar2 ResourcesI TechnicalSeruices oJul2/September 1983 means more than simply being concerned with special storage require- ments. Several of these articles stressedthe importance of well-designed microform reading areas and high-quality reading and duplication equipment. Of course, microforms librarians have argued for the same things for years. An article reviewing possible uses of microform tools in technical ser- vices stressedthat quality standards must be followed for them to be suc- cessful (Schleifer). Several major bibliographic aids were either an- nounced or issued for the first time in microformat during the year. These included Books in Print, American Book Publishing Record, 1876-1981, and the catalog of the Center for Research Libraries. It was also announced that the French books in print (Les Liares Disponibks) would be offered in an alternative microfiche edition beginning in 1982 (After). The National Union Catalog will be issued in index/register format on microfrche beginning in 1983 (LC). At the ALA San Antonio Confer- ence, it was reported that Neutspapersin Microform will become NUC/ Newspapersand be run from the CONSER database. In 1983, it will be issued in paper only, but LC hopes to have a fiche version by 1984 and to integrate it into the new index/register format by 1985. The National Reg- ister of Microform Masters is being split between serials and monographic titles. The serials will be included in a new publication, NUC/MicroJorms for Serials,to be run from the CONSER database on the same schedule as NUC/Newspapers. Monographic microforms will be included in NUC/ Books. Both will list service copies as well as master negatives and five- year cumulations may be considered (Howard 1983). In an important article, Schwarz* analyzed all aspects of the conver- sion from card to COM catalogs, including database management, bib- liographic control, micrographic decisions, cost outlays, and relations with vendors. Bryant* cautioned that COM is losing ground to online accessas the cost of storage and terminals declines. Several articles re- ported on research relating to already existing COM library catalogs. Hodges* and Bloch tried to determine if microfiche or microf,ilm COM catalogs were easier and faster for patrons to use and found little differ- ence. A survey ofCOM catalog users at the lJniversity of British Colum- bia attemptedto analyze attitudes about the format, filing arrangement, and indexes. The sample survey forms will be of interest to any library considering a similar survey (Simmons, 53). Several important articles relating to microformatted serials were published late in 1981 or in 1982. A short article discussed practical cri- teria to consider when selecting journals to be retained in microformat (Grochmal 1981). Another article presented formulas to be used when considering a serial microform conversion. The formulas allow a library to determine the number of years remaining before total shelf capacity is reached and to compare the cost of binding and storage for paper versus microform (Gleaves). Roughton* and Roughton examined a number of journal titles available on microfilm and found many_problems, e.g., missing issues, poor photography, confusing box labels, and inconsis- tent frlming of indexes. As a result, they suggested caution when decid- Micrographics,"Fair Use," and VideoTechnolog /283 ing to convert to microformat. Similarly Bailey* argued that indexes should always be included at the beginning of the same reel as the issues even if this would delay the frlming of the title. Burke* described a pro- gram ofsplicing together short runs ofajournal to save storage space. The article includes a bibliography on splicing microfilm by Hubbard Ballou. This issue of splicing microfilm rolls together was also raised in the "Action Exchang-"* column of AmericanLibraries, and generated

nicipal documents (Brown). The debate over whether to stay in-house or use a service bureau for

EqurrunNr

copiers in a businessto improve productivity (Moore, T'). Reviews of several microfrche readers and one microfilm camera ap- peared in the MicrographicsEquipment Reuiew, dated 1981 but not pub- lished until 1982(Safftdy 1981b). It should be mentioned, however, that these reviews are sometimes criticized for containing "very little evalua- tive material" (NRCd Abstracts, 160). Each issue of Reprographics- Quarterfu*includes brief versions of NRCd equipment reviews. Types-of micrographic equipment reviewed this year included (see bibliography 284/ Library ResourcesI TechnicalSeraices cJufu/September 1983

under journal title for exact references): library microfilm readers, por- table microfiche projectors, a portable microfiche reader, readers for ei- ther fiche or aperture cards, a reader for roll 105mm COM frlm, and reader-printers. An entire issue of Librar2 TechnologltReports was devoted to photocopy- ing machines. It included an introductory essay, a discussion of various self-control devices such as coin attachments, and reviews of fifteen pho- tocopiers (Photocopying Equipment). Articles in ReprographicsQuarterlt that review photocopying equipment are listed in the bibliography un- der the name of the journal. Kodak introduced its Ektaprint 250, which offers automatic two-sided copying and can make up to 5,000 impres- sions an hour (Kodak). Since traditional "face down" copiers fre- quently damage library materials, a Swiss firm's claim to have devel- oped an upside down copier was of interest (Upside). Many interesting articles appeared on technical aspects of micro- graphics. A copy of a new New York City anhydrous ammonia regula- tion for duplicating equipment was published (New York). Morton dis- cussed the issue of acid-free inks for processing Government Printing Office microltche (Morton 1982a). (Some will question such concern for diazo microfrche!) Veaner presented another view in the ongoing debate over the value of nonsilver microfilm. After reviewing the facts about different film types (diazo, vesicular, silver), he suggested that attention be given to forming a "national micrographics trust" to see that new masters are created according to established standards and that master negatives are stored under proper conditions and are available for dupli- cation (Veaner 1982b, 308). An intriguing news item told of an award being given to a library equipment technician for an invention to pre- vent, among other things, the scratching of microfilm by reader-printers without automatic glass flat opening devices (Microfilm Invention). A new method of microfilming X rays to retain necessary density changes and detail not possible in ordinary filming was described in an article by Bach. * Hopkins* described a prototype microfiche image transmission system being developed for the Navy which will allow microf,rche images to be transmitted electronically and reconstructed at remote sites. Lee* reviewed various existing and prototype updatable microform systems. An Australian firm claimed to have developed a process for printing mi- crographic images onto cellulose acetate (Plain). A review of color mi- crofilm systems found that problems still exist with color stability and the ease with which color film can be damaged (Gunn). Complaints about color stability of cinema film have implications for microforms because the same processesare frequently used (Colour 1982). Leavitt* de- scribed a new frlm by Polaroid that should be more permanent than dye lmagmg.

"FArR IJSE" The concept of "fair use" was constantly discussed in one context or another throughout 1982. The publisher interpretation of this phrase was favored in out-of-court settlements the Association of American Publishers made with the American Cyanamid Company (Reuter) and Micrographics, "Fair (Jse," and Video Technologlt/285

E. R. Squibb & Son, Inc. (Fields 1982b), but still pending is another Iawsuit frled in December against New York University, nine of its fac- ulty members and a commercial copy center near the campus (AAP; Palmer). Depending on its outcome, important precedents may be set for higher education in general. The American Library Association issued a model policy concerning photocopying within the academic community last April (Model). An Association of College and Research Libraries survey seemed to indicate that, if anything, librarians were being too conservative in their inter- ' 'fair ' pretation of use' (Butle r , 125). King Research released its statisti- cal study on the photocopying of copyrighted works in libraries in May (McDonald), and until the end of the year this report was cited by pub- lisher and librarian alike in support of their contradictory viewpoints (Savage 7982a, 1982b). Although providing a wealth of information about photocopying practices and recent trends in serial publishing, the findings were inconclusive in regard to the crucial question of how the 1976 act had affected libraries and publishers and the interrelationship of photocopying and publishing revenue (Photocopying). The Copyright Office presented its review of the hve-year-old copy- right law to Congress after considering the data contained in the King report and having also held hearings in five major cities (U.S. Copyright 1983). In general, although the case for libraries is presented, the report appears to endorse the publishing community's interpretation of the law. Among the seven nonstatutory recommendations it makes are: adopting collective licensing arrangements, encouraging adequate funding for library services, and investigating further a surcharge on equipment, compensation systems based on sampling techniques, and new technology issues. Its key statutory recommendation is to enact leg- islation for an "umbrella statute," long favored by publishers (Fields 1983). The controversy surrounding home video recordings has been in the news since the Supreme Court ruled in favor of lJniversal City Studios in its suit against Sony Corporation of America for copyright infringe- ment in October 1981. ALA recently issued guidelines regarding off-air taping for educational purposes, which were developed under the aus- pices of Congress (Guidelines), but revisions may be necessary depend- ing on the eventual outcome of the Universal/Sony suit and pending leg- islation that would introduce compulsory licensing and royalty fees for video recorders and tapes (Fields 1982a; Most). This increased pressure for compulsory licenses has also been felt abroad. One of the amendments to the Australian copyright law in 1980 was a statutory license for educational institutions to make multiple cop- ies within prescribed limits subject to payment of royalties if demanded. The arrangement appears to be working reasonably well, although there has been no agreement on the scale of royalties to be paid, and there is some friction between authors and publishers concerning the allocation of royalties (And). Great Britain's Green Paper on copyright reform, releasedinJuly 1981, has causedas much furor as our own King report. It too suggestsa blanket licensing scheme. A White Paper will be issued 286/ Librar2 ResourcesE TechnicalSeruices . Jul2/September 1983 this year, and a lively public debate is anticipated (Problems). Mean- while, the Article Delivery over Network Information Service IADONIS] is scheduled to begin operation from a center near the British Library Lending Division early in 1984 (Brandehoff) . Scientific, techni- cal, and medical publishers are hoping that this service will finally allevi- ate some of the copyright and publishers' cost-recovery problems long associated with local photocopying. The system is limited to Burope at present, but there are plans to extend it to the United States and Can- ada. MTCnOpUnLISHING Alan Meckler's* book on the history of scholarly micropublishing was the most important title published on the subject during 1982. Providing important background for understanding the development of micropub- Iishing in the United States between 1930 and 1980, it also records the continued resistance among scholars to microforms and the failure of micropublishing to live up to the expectations of pioneering scholars, li- brarians, and entrepreneurs. Veaner, in a paper presented as part ofthe RTSD Silver Anniversary Program, reviewed the past, present, and fu- ture of micrographics and reprographics (Veaner 1982a). However, Selwyn claims that microforms have never reached their full potential as a publishing medium, and it is now too late because of the challenge of video and electronic publishing (Microforms). Nevertheless, Davies* is probably correct when he says that both print and microfilm will have a place for many years. Several articles discussed noncommerical microfilming. Griffiths* described quality assurance methods used by the Genealogical Society of IJtah, where more than 1,200,000 reels of microfilm have been pro- duced over a forty-year period. Ronen* reviewed the Harvard Law School project to film 6,000 volumes to save shelf space and preserve de- teriorating research materials. In the second part of a two-part article, Baker* discussed the preservation microfrlming program of the New York Public Library from 1930 to 1960. Boylan* and Shores wrote about four cooperative microf,rlming projects of the Center for Research Libraries to frlm retrospective materials from developing countries. Because of financial problems, the ARL Foreign Newspaper Micro- frlm Project reduced the number of titles either purchased or frlmed by the project and announced that the Center for Research Libraries would assume responsibility for the administration of the Project (CRL 1982a). Also, a list of newspapers available to subscribers was issued for the frrst time in many years (CRL 1982b). Gray's article on commercial microfrlming presented personal views that many librarians will question. For example, he asserts that 16mm cartridge microfrlm was a "major step forward in microfilm technol- ogy" that librarians have failed to use because they are addicted to 35mm microfilm (Gray 1982a). Abbott's* article on methods of convert- ing one microformat to another is of interest because of the information it provides about Readex Microprint's recent conversion of some collec- tions from microprint to microfiche or microfilm. Concern about the fu- Micrographics, "Fair Use," and VideoTechnologlt /287 ture of Readex Microprint was expressed at the midwinter meeting of the International Documents Task Force. Questions were asked as to whether Readex will continue to publish in microprint, and whether the publisher will continue to develop a much needed printer for opaque ma- terials (Hoffmann). Several articles described the development of specific collections. Moller* reported on the efforts of the Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions to film all books published in Canada through 1900. Allen* traced the history of theJoint Publications Research Ser- vice translations through its various microformat and publisher changes. Gray recorded the development of a history of economics series for source documents of major writers in the field of econ.omics, e.g., Adam Smith (Gray 1982b). Maxwell* discussed the filming of materials in Malthus' library atJesus College. Meckler* provided case studies on the development of the League of Nations collection by Research Publi- cations, (p.96-115) and the Congressional Information Service index to congressional publications and the related microfiche collections (p.116-33). Finally a micropublication actually made the pages of the Neu York Times when a controversy arose over the filming of the papers of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (Rule). The largest microform publishing project to be announced during 1982 was Research Publications' EighteenthCenturlt collection, which will make available selective titles published in English (books, pamphlets, ephemera) between 1701 and 1800. To be issued over a twenty-year pe- riod beginning in 1983, this title continues two earlier collections cover- ing British imprints from 1475 to 1700. Access to the EighteenthCenturlt Short Title Catalogue, from which the titles will be selected, will be pro- vided online in the United States by the Research Libraries Group (as a special file) and in Great Britain by the British Library (RLG). For genealogists the major event of the year was the publication on microfrlm of the 1910 census of population schedules with soundex/ miracode indexes for twenty-one states. Fenton* discussed other ways that genealogists can now obtain accessto microform material formerly available on interlibraryloan from the National Archives (financial cut- backs obliged the agency to discontinue the service in 1981). The Census Bureau plans to publish an updated union list of library holdings of his- torical census schedules.(Census). A number of other important micropublications were issued during the year. University Microfilms International issued the United Negro College Fund archives on microhche. LC made available the records of the National Woman Suffrage Association, and Microfrlming Corpora- tion ofAmerica offered the papers of the Woman's International League for Peace and Freedom. An index and related microfrche collection of statistical publications of some eighty or ninety international intergov- ernmental organizations were published by the Congressional Informa- tion Service. A strange juxtaposition occurred when libraries received a brochure for the Yad Vashem photographic archives of the Holocaust about the same time as LC advertised its Giiring PhotographicAlbums. 2BB/ Library ResourcesI TechnicalSeruices cJu\/September 1983

Scholarly Resources announced Primafiche, a series of five primary source collections covering "landmark" topics in American history (e.g., the trial of Sacco and Vanzetti). Each contains 1,000 to 1,500 pages of selected original source material and a study guide. The cost ($45) makes them possible acquisitions for school libraries. USA Todalt, the new so-called national newspaper, is now available from Bell & Howell on either microf,rche or microfilm, joining the Wall StreetJournal and the New York Times as newspapers available in two microformats. VIDEo/OPTICAL DIsc TEcHNoLoGY A number of state-of-the-art articles on video/optical disc technology appeared in 1982. Sebestyen's*and Marsh's* were two of the most com- prehensive. Video Disks in theAutom.ated Office? (Walter 1982b) , The Video- tex Reoolution (Mayne) and Videodiscs(Schneider 1981) are three fairly comprehensive monographs on the same subject and are recommended to newcomers as well as users of the new technology. Horder* has up- dated his 1979 work on videodiscs, including more complete informa- tion about videodisc systems on the market and adding a section describ- ing projects concerned with the use of videodiscs in information storage and retrieval. Peter Crowell, * who is writing a series of articles for Videodisc/Videotex, discussed the basics of video (1982b) and the art and scienceof flowchart- ing a videodisc program (1982a). Witt* and Galloway detailed how the Bureau of National Affairs produced its videodisc training package for business. John Tydeman and other members of the Institute for the Fu- ture reviewed the videotex services currentlv available in the United States and discussed their probable enhancements (Tydeman 1982b). These same authors also published a monograph on the subject that has been well received (Tydeman 1982a). Borgman* analyzed videotex systems with the user-system interface in mind. Walter (1982a) examined the present status of optical data stor- age devices. Wood (1980) and Woolley discussed several of the issues and systems of videodisc technology as applied to library, information, and instructional services, while other authors wondered about the pub- lic reaction to and acceptance of the new technology (Burns; Moore 1981). Boyle* evaluated a number of the consumer video magazines on the market. Paris and Boss outlined daily care and maintenance proce- dures for videodiscs and disk players (Paris 1982b). "Will the Optical Disc Kill Microfilm?" (Gerber), "Micrographics at the Crossroads" (Dimond), and "Is the World Ready for Videotex, At Last?" (Borrell) are only a few of the titles in the literature that con- tinued to emphasize the competition between the old and new technolo- gies. There appears to be a movement toward integrating these technol- ogies though (De Cillia; Costigan) and in some cases, preferring one storage medium over another, depending on the type of information in- volved, the length of time it needs to be saved, etc. Ashby, for example, predicts that microfiche will become "increasingly important for visual images, an area where their superior resolution both in screen and print- out form should never be replaced by the videocassette or videodisc" Micrographics, "Fair Use," and Vidzo Technologt /289

(eth.by: 27). Hendley*.has just completed a monograph comparing the archival storage potential of various-media. Trends in Information TransJbrprovides one with a good overview of the current scene(Hills). If the literature is any indication, however, librari- ans are generally enthusiastic abou ing each other to take an active role

ld be available by the end of 1982. :y and the YIVO Institute forJewish rdisc storage for cartographic materi- :tions, respectively (Eisenbeis; Insti- n of Photography in Rochester, New York, has announced plans to record onto la"seioptical videodisc their entire collection of more than six hundred thousand photographic prints and negatives (Project). Nyerges* says that other rnuser,ir,r'*orrid .u- gerly follow suit if not for ihe cost, the still-developmental stare of the new.technology, and the lack of shared or publishid information con- cerning videodisc projects in the museum world that could be used as models or examples. ^Ih,.. -Library of Congress' Caraloging Distribution Service DEMAND system wentinlo operation in'ociober. This computerized system can store more than two hundred thousand images of master rd retrieve and print any one ofthese r printing-at the rate of twelve cop- ecember, LC awarded contracts to eley, California, and SONY Video anham, Maryland, to prove the fea- sibility of using optigal discs to store, preserve, and retri&e both print and nonprint materials. Teknekron will experiment with some of Lc's high-use periodical titles while soNY will ionvert selected color slides, motio.n-picture stills, .videotapes, and photographs to analog opticj discs (I,ibrary^Awards). This pilot projeci is scf,eduled for comfletion in December 1984. Pergamon International has begun to market its video patsearch, a compulterized videodisc search service for u.s. patents issued since 1971. Both the text and drawings for a patent...t b. displayed on the dual-screen system (Video Patsearch). Mn.*or, Inc., has introduced its system 6000, which handles both optical images una aigita informa- tion on the same media and displays both imageJon the saire screen. At qtel-e-ttt'though, its applications are better suiled to the business than to the hbrary world (Unique; New Concept). To keep its readers informed about the fatest developmen ts, vifuodisc/ hly companion newslett er, Videodisc rclude in each issue of Videodisc/Vid- that tracks all completed videodisc "ors and provides information about npiled a directory of videodisc man- 2901 Librarlt ResourcesE TechnicalSero;6ss . Juu/September 1983 ufacturers and vendors that she intends to update regularly (Paris l992a), while the VideotexDirectory* provides comprehensive information about the organizations that are shaping the videotex and teletext busi- nessesworldwide. CoNcr.usrox There appeared to be a resurgence of confidence in the future of mi- crographiCs in 1982 as video/optical discs were portrayed as alternative or complementary storage devices. National concern was finally focused on providing accessto existing and future collections of micropublica- tions. Many seminars and meetings were directed to first-time users of either microform or video technology, and new projects were an- nounced or contemplated utilizing one or the other. The question of copyright with regard to present and future technologies, however, re- mained unresolved.

RnrnnnNcns

"AAP SuesNYU for Copyright Infringement." 1982.Association of ResearchLibraries Nezosletter,no. 114 (Dec. 30):p.1. Abbott, ;fack G. 1982. "Opticil Reformatting and File Conversion," IMC Journal 18, rro.2:21-26 "Action Exchange." 7982.American Libraries 13 (Dec.):p.714, 716. Adams, John, and Adams, Robin. 1982. "Videotex and Teletext: New Roles for Li- braries," WilsonLibrary Bulletin 57 (Nov.):p.206-11. ,,After British Books in Print, Now French Books in Print to Appear in Microfiche Form. " 7982.Reprographics Quarterly 15 (Winter):p.14. Aitken, Robin, and Shoemark, Howird. 1982. "Computer Aided Retrieval of Micro- forms Using On-line Searching," InternationalJournalof MicrographicsI VideoTechnol- og l, no.7:73-16. Allen, David Y. 1982. "Buried Treasure: The Translations of the Joint Publications -98. Research Service," GooernmenlPub lications Reu iew 9 (Mar. /Apr. ) :p. 9 1 " . . . AndNewCopyrightlnitiatives." 1982.OutlookonResearchIibraries 4(Dec.):p.-3. Ashby, Peter. 1982.^'''M--icrofichewith & without Microchips: Information beyond t\e LightSource," IntnnationalJoumaloJMicrogrcphirsGVideoTechnologlt1,no.1:21-28. Bach, Alan L. 1982."Attention to Detail: The Miniaturisation of Radiographs," Inter- nationallournal of Micrographics€d VideoTechnologlt 1, no.2/3:127-30. Badler, Mitchell M. tggf. "CAR: Evolution of Micrographics and Computers," InJor' rnationand Records Management 16 (Mar.):p.34, 36, 38, 53' Bailey, Anne. 1982. "serial Microfilm Indtxes," SeialsReoieut B (Spring):p 57-58. Bakei, P. 1982. "Preservation Programs of the New York Public Library. Part John '60s," Twoj From the 1930sto the MicroformReaiew 17 (Winter):p.22-30. Bednar, Colleen F. 1982. "Cataloging of Microforms," RZSD Newsletter7 $an./ Feb.):p.4-6 Bogne,-David T . 1982. "Choosing Processorsand Dupllcators," Journal oJMierographie s 15(Apr.):p.53-59. Borgman, Christine L. 1982. "The Videotex lJser Interface: Design Considerations and a Feature Analysis," Vifuodisc/Vidzolex2 (Spring):p.115-31. Borrell,Jerry. lg82. "istheWorldReadyforViiteotex,AtLast?" BulletinoJtheAmerican SocieQJorInformation Seience 9 (Oct.): p.30-32. Boylan, Ray,-and Shores,Cecilia L: l9B2. "Collecting RetrospectiveMaterials from DevelopingNations: A CooperativeApproach through Microforms, " LibraryAcquisi' tions.Practice and Theory6, no.2:p.217-19. Boyle, Deirdre. 1981. "A Librarian's Guide to Consumer Video Magazines," Library Journal106 (Sept. 15):p.1 700-1 703. Micrographics, "Fair Use,'' and Video Technolog1 /291

Brandehoff, Susan E. 1982. "Sci/Tech Publishersto Offer SpeedyDocument Deliv- ery," AmeriranLibraries 13 (Dec.):p.71I . Brown, Jeanne Owen, and Schlipf, Frederick A. 1982. "The Use of Microfrche and COM Indexes to Improve Municipal Document Control," GoaernmentPublieations Re- uiew9 (July/ Aug.) :p.289-3 10. Bryant, Philip. 1982. "Whither COM?" Outlookon ResearchLibraries 4 (Oct.):p.7-12. Burke, Pierre. 1982."Microfrlm Consolidation:The Most EconomicalWay to Achieve Maximum SpaceUtilization," MicroformReoiew 1| (Summer):p.176-77. Burns, A. 1982. "Public Reaction to the Operation of Videotex," ElectronicPublishing Reaiew2 Qune):p. I 43-49. Butler, MeredithA. 1982."CopyrightandAcademicPhotocopying," CollegeUResearch LibrariesNeuts 43 (Apr. ):p. 123-25. "Census Bureau RequestsLists of Library Holdings of Historical Census Schedules Microfrlm." 7982.Documents to thePeople 10 (Mar.):p.49. Cluff, E. Dale. 1981.Microforms. (Instructional Media Library, V.7) EnglewoodCliffs, NJ. : Educational Technology Publications. "Colour Film: Stability Problems?" 1982.Reprographics 15 (Winter):p.5-6. ' 'Conversion Quarterly from Paper to COM Improve s Data Handling. ' ' 1982.InJormation and Rec- ordsManagemzzl 16 (Feb.):p.32. Costigan, Daniel M., and Burger, RobertJ. 1982. "Videomicrographics: A Positive New Trend in Online Information Retrieval," Journal of Micrographics15 (Spring):p.I6-24. "Credit Card Clearing House Implements Cost-EffectiveMicrofilm System." 1982. Informationand Records Managemznt 16 (Jan.):p.38-39. CRL. Center for Research Libraries. 1982a. ForeignNeuspaper Microfilm ProjectHoldings Zrst. Chicago: The Center. 1982b."Memorandum to Participantsin the Foreign NewspaperMicrofilm Project: Project Changesand Interim Operation Plan." Feb. 15, 1982.Photocopy. Crowell, Peter. 1982a. "Flowcharting for Videodisc," Videodisc/Videotex2 (Win- ter):p.22-29. 1982b. "What Is Video, Anyway?" Videodisc/Vituotex2 (F aIl):p.2BB-94. Davies, John. l9B2. "Microform and the Mighty Micro," IntnnationalJournalof Micro- graphies E VideoTechnologlt 1, no.1:p.5-6 De Cillia, Henry A. 1982. "Optical Disc Technology and Integrated Media Systems," Infonnationand Records Managetwnt 16 (Dec.):p.31, 33. "DEMAND System Is Dedicated. " 1982. Librarlt of Congresslnformation Bulletin 4l (Aug. 20):p.2+6. Dimond, Robert E. 1982. "Micrographics at Crossroads?" Informationand Records Man- agement16 (Apr.):p.8. Directoryof Library ReprographicSeruices. 1982. Bth ed. Westport, Conn.: Published for the Reproduction of Library Materials Section, RTSD-American Library Association by Meckler. Dorfman, Harold H. 1982. "Selecting a Microfilm Reader-Printer," InJormationand RecordsManagemezl 16 (Sept.):p.20-21, 36. "Edmonton Public Library Finds Videodiscsin High Demand." 7982.LibraryJournal 107(Oct. 15):p.1935. Eisenbeis,Kathleen. 1982. "Mapnews," Doewnentsto thePeople l0 (Nov.):p.218. Exelbert, Rodd S. 1982a. "A Guide to Portable Readers," IMC Journal lB, no.3:p.11-15. 1982b. "IMC '82 Congress,Copenhagen: Productivity and.Prestige,"IMC Journal18, no.4:p.9-1 7. 1982c."The Importance of Filing/Storage/Retrievalof Microforms," IMC Journal18, no. I :p.7-10. Farrington, Jean Walter. 1981. "Out of the Dungeon: Mainstreaming Microforms," SerinkLibrarian 5 (Summer):p.37 -40. Fenton, Kathleen D. 1982. "Library Patrons and the Federal Census Return," Library Journal 107 (Aug.) :p. 1385-86. Fields,Howard. 1982a."AAP, Authors Urge Courts to Retain Betamax Ruling," Pub- lishersWukQ 222 (Nov. 5):p.23. . 292/ Library ResourcesI Technical Seru;ss Juu/September 1983

-.1982b. "Squibb SettlesSuit by Eight Publishers," PublishersWeekly 222 (Dec. 17):p.16. I 983. " Copyright Report to CongressSupports Key PublisherViews," Pub- lishersWeekly 223 (lan. 2l):p.16,26-28. Folcarelli,RalphJ.;Tannenbaum,Arthur; andFerragamo,RalphC. l9B2.TheMicro- fonn Connection:A Basir Guid^eJor Libranas. New York: Bowker. Fromm, HaroldJ. 1982. "Report of the Ottawa Meetings of ISO/TCl71 Micrograph- ics," Journalof Mhrographics15 (Sept.):p.36-39. "Future of the National Register of Microform Masters. " l9B2. Library oJCongresslnJor- rnationBulletin 41 (Mar. 12):p.82-84. '82 Garoogian, Rhoda, and Geffner, Bonnie. 1982. "Information Utilities Conference Meets," WilsonLibrary Bulletin 56 (May):p.651-52. Gerber, Donald L. 1982. "WiIl the Optical Disc Kill Microfilm? " AdministratiaeManage- mtnt43 (Apr.):p.49-51, 80-82. Gleaves,Edwin S., and Carteritte, Robert T. 1982. "Microform SerialsAcquisition: A SuggestedPlanning Mode|," Journal oJAcademic Librarinship B (Nov.):p.292-95. Gothberg, Helen N. 1982. "Videoworks at the Tucson Public Library," LibrarltJournal 107(Jan. r):p.33-37. Gray, Edward. 1982a. "A Few Cautionary Words about Electronic Publishing,"../azr- nal of Mirrographrcsl5 (Oct.):p.37-43. 1982b. "A History of Economics Seriesin Microfrche: Its History and Devel- opment," InternationalJournalof MicrographilsI VideoTechnologt 7, no.1:p.77-20. 1982c."Reflection on an Exhibition . . . The St. Louis NMA Gathering," InternationalJournalof MicrographicsI VidzoTechnolog l, no.2/3:p.87-91 . Griffrths, Brent F. 1982. "Microfilm Quality-An EconomicalUser Approach," Jour- nal of Micrograpnrcs15 (Feb.):p.27-31. Grochmal, Helen M. 1981. "Selection Criteria for Periodicalsin Microform," Seriab Librarian5 (Spring):p. 15- I 7. "Guidelines for Off-Air Taping of Copyrighted Programs for Educational Use: 30 QuestionsLibrarians Ask." 1982. WashingtonNeutsletter 34 (Apr. 23):attachment. Gunn, M. J. 1982. "Colour Microfilm Systems." InternationalJournalof Mi.crographics€d VidzoTechnologlt l, no.7:p.7-12. Harmon, Vern. 1981. MicroformResearch Collections: An AnnotatedDireetory oJ Researbh Col- hctions in Microform in the O. Meredith Wilson Library, Uniaersityof Minnesota. Minneapo- lis: University of Minnesota Library. Arlington, Va.: ERIC Document Reproduc- tion Sewice. Microfiche. ED 213 +17. Hattery,LowellH 1982."VideotexConferenceReflectsLJneasinessamongthePrinci- pals but Irresistible Pressuresto Move Ahead.," InformationRetieaal I Library Automa- tion18 (Jdy):p.1-4. Hendley, A. M. 1982. A ComparisonoJ tlu Archiaal StoragePotential of MicroJilm, Magnetic Media and OptiralDan Discs.(NRCd Publication 19) Hertford, England: National Re- prographic Centre for documentation. Hernon, Peter. 1982. "Use of Microformatted Government Publications," Microform Reuieza7| (Fall):p.23 7-52. Heynen, Jeffrey. 1982a. "The ARL Microform Project," ResearchLibraries in OCLC no.6(Apr.):p.3-5. 1982b. "The ARL Microform Project: Status Report-January through September1982. " Photocopy. Hills, PhilipJ., ed. 1982. Trendsin InformationTransfer. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Pr. Hodges,Theodora, and Bloch, Uri. 1982. "Fiche or Film for COM Catalogs:Two IJse Tests," LibraryQnrterQ 52 (Apr.):p.131-44. Hoffmann, Linda. 1982. "International Documents Task Force, " Documentsto thePeople 10 (Sept.):p.200-202. Hopkins, William L. 1982. "The Navy's Microfiche Image Transmission System," JournaloJ Mhrographies 15 (Oct.) :p. I 7-24. Horder, Alan. 198 1. Videodiscs-TheirApplication to InformationStorage and Retrieaal 2d ed. l7) Hertford, England: National ReprographicCentre for docu- SL""i:":Ot"ation Howard, JosephH. 1983.Report given at the ALA/RTSD Heads of Technical Services Micrographics, "Fair Use," and Video Technologt /293

of Large Research Libraries meeting,Jan.7,1983. "Institute for Jewish ResearchReceives Videodisc Grant." 1982. Vidzodisc/Vidzotex2 (Fall):p.257. IntnnationalJoumalofMicrographics {d vidzo Technolog1tl9B2. v.l- . Elmsford, N.y.: Pergamon Pr.

Leavitt, Don. 1982. "Polaroid's New 35 AutoprocessColor-Slide Film Offers Distinct _ Torality fgr_Art Photo_graphy,"Popular Phoiograpny 89 (Aug.):p.58, 60. Lee, Leonard s. 1982. "update on updatables;'7i1or*oiiooind-RecordsManagement 16 (Apr.):p.44, 46.

McDonald, Dennis D. , and Bush, colleen G. 1982.Libraries, Publisturs, and photocoplting: Final leport oJ.suraeysconductedJor the united statescopyright offin.'Rockville,'MdI: King Research. Mc9lone, William J., Jr. 1983. "NMA Moves Forward," JournaloJ Micrographics 16 (Jan.):p.1.

MicroJilm€d Vid.eoSlstems. 1982. V 1- . London: G. B. Baker & Associates.

"Micrographics and the Video Challenge." 1982. Reprographicseuarterly 15 (Win- ter):p.3.

Moller, Hans. 1982. "A National Literature on Microfiches," MicroformReaieut ll (Fall):p.266-68. Moore,RobertC. 1981.HomelnformationSystems;APrimer.Buckhannon,W.Va.:West tirginiaweslgrll !9!lege. Ailington, Va.: ERIC Document Reproduction Service. Microfiche.ED 208 891. 294/ Library ResourcesE Technical Serr;5ss' Jub)/September1983

Moore, Timothy P. 1982. "Copiers-An Important Element in the Total Information Plan," Informationand RecordsManagement 16 (May):p.29-30. Morehead, Joe. 1982. "User Needsand the Information Transfer Process," Mitroform Reuieu| 7 (Fall):p. 259-65. Morton, Bruce. 1982a. "The GPO, Documents Librarians, and Hyperacidity: Acid Free Inks for Microform Processing," Documentsto thePeople 10 (Sept.):p' 180. 1982b. "New Management Problems for the Documents Librarian: Gov- ernment Microfrche Publications,'' MicroJormReoieu 7 l (Fall) :p. 254-58. 'Fair "Most Off-Air Taping Is Use,' ALA Tells Congressand SupremeCourt' " 1982. AnrcricanLibraries l3 (Oct.):p.563. "New Conceptin lnformation Storageand Retrieval Systems." l9B2. IMC NewsleuerlT (Det.):p.1-2. "The New MAGB." 1982.Reprographics Quarterly 15 (Spring):p.49.. "NewYorkCitySetsAnhydrousAmmoniaRegulations." l9B2.JoumalofMitrographics 15(Aug.):p.38-39. "NMA Expo: New Products, Added FeaturesKeep Up with Info User Needs." 1982. Informationand RecordsManagement 16 fluly):p.30-33. "NMA: MicrographicsVitaltolnformationManagementNetwork." T9B2.Information andRecords Management 16 (June):p.40-43, 50. "NRCd Abstracts." 1982.Reprographics Quartnly 1 5 (Autumn):p. I 60-6 1. Nyerges, Alexander Lee. 1982. ';Museuris and the Videodisc Revolution," Vidzodise/ Videotex2 (F dl):p.267 -7 a. Ocon, Robert A. 1982. "When to Go Inhouse with COM,""Iournal oJMicrographics15 (Apr.):p.30-32, 36. Palmer, Siacy E. 1982. ''Publishers Plan to SueIJniversity over Copyrights," Chronicle oJHigher Education 25 (Dec. B):p.1, 24. Paris, Judith. 1982a. "Videodisc Manufacturers and Vendors: A Directory," Vidzodisc/ Vidzotex2 (Winter) :p.48-52. Paris,Judith, and Boss,Richard W. 1982b. "The Care and Maintenance of Videodiscs and Players, " Vileodi s c /Video tex 2 (W inter) :p. 38-46. Phillips, Roger. 1982. "A Public Access Videotex Library Service," Online6 (Sept.):p.34-38. "Photocopying Equipment. " 1982.Library TechnologtReports. lB Qan.-Feb.):p.1-121. The following brands are reviewed:A. B. Dick 980, Canon NP I 20, Minolta EP31 0, Mita DC 131,Mita DC 161,Pitney Bowes458, Pitney BowesPBC 2, PitneyBowes 5200,Royal 130R,Savin BB0, Sharp SF 820, 3M 545,Xerox 2350,Xerox 3109,Xe- rox 5600. "Photocopying in Libraries-New US Report Released." l9B2. Outlookon ResearchLi- braries4 (Aug.):p.1-2. "Plain Plastic Microfrche Recording: Australia Claims Breakthrough," Reprographics Qtnrtnly 15 (Winter):p. 15. Poli, Bruce. 1982. "Cost-Effectivenessin Microform Storage," InJormationand Records Management16 (Feb.):p. 24-26. t'IJse Pontius, Jack. 1981. of Computer Programs to Produce Collection Guides," DrexeI Lib raryt Quar ter ly 17 (Winter) :p. 36- 50. 1982. Guideto Manuscript, Archiual, and Oral Historlt CollectionsRelating t0 United StatesHistorlt and LiteratureAuailablc in theMicroforms CollectionoJ the Pmnsyloania State Uni- uersityLibrary. University Park, Pa.: Pennsylvania State [Jniversity Library. "Probiems Ahead on the UK Copyright Scene." 7982. Outlookon ResearchLibraries 4 (Oct.):p4-6. " Project: Videodisc." 7982.Photomethods 25 (Oct. ) :p. 60. Raikes, Deborah A. 1982. "Microforms at Princeton," MinoJormReaieu 71 Micrographics, "Fair Use, " and Video Technolog /295

(Spring):p.149-50; "Group Evaluation of PortableMicrofiche Readers:A Summary of NRCd EvaluationReport TER B2l1" (Summer):p.107-8;"Micromax 800: A New Readerfor 105mmRoll Film" (Autumn):p.151-52;"The RoneoAlcatel 1005: A New Table Top Copier" (Winter):p.25-26; "The Roneo Rabbitt: A Personal Coated Paper Copier" (Autumn):p.156-57 "Two Multi-Lens Readers for Fiche

HouseCase," IMCJournal 18, no.1:p.13-15. RLG. Research Libraries Group. 1982. ESTC, An Eighteenth-CenturyShort Title Catalog. Stanford, Calif.: ResearchLibraries Group. Ronen, Naomi. 1982. "Creating a Micropublishing Project: A Non-Commercial Per- spective," Jfozrnal oJMierograpires 1 5 fl an. ) :p. B- 13. Roughton,KarenG., andRoughton,MichaelD. lg8l. "SerialsonMicrofilm," Serinls Librarian5 (Summer):p 41-47.

p.54-61;"TopperMicroficheReaders," p.7l-75; "TwoPortableMicroficheRead- ers," p.80-85; "Recordak StarfileRV-3 Microfilmer," p.86-90. Savage,Noelle. 1982a. "ARLDisputesKingReportonCopyright," LibraryJournall0T (Dec.15):p.2287-BB. 1982b. "Libraries & Publishersat Odds on Copyright," LibraryJournal707 (Oct. 15):p.1921-22. Schleifer, Harold B. 1982. "Utilization of Microforms in Technical Sewice," Mieroform Reaiew1 7 (Feb.):p.77-92. Schneider, Edward W., and Bennion, Junius. l99l. Videodisd.r.(Instructional Media Library, V.16) Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Educational Technology Publications. Schwarz, PhilipJ. 1982. "Management Decisionsand the COM Catalog," Mieroform Reaieut71 (Mar.):p. 156-7 1. Schwarzkopf, Leroy C . 1982. " 1982 Fall Meeting Depository Library Council to the Public Printer," Docurnentsto thePeople 10 (Nov.):p.242-57. Sebestyen,Istvan. 1982. "The Videodisc Revolutiron," ElectronicPublishing Reaieza 2 (Mar.):p.41-89.

Tydeman, John, and others. 7982a. Teletextand Vidzotexin the UnitedStates: Market Poten' tial, Technologlt,Public Poliel lsszes New York: McGraw-Hill. 1982b. "Videotex: An Evolving Technology." Videodisc/Videorex2 (Sum- mer):p.1BB-205. "Unique Disc SystemMerges Optical and Digital Data New Info Management Dimen- 296/ LibrarytResources I TechnicalSeTp;6ss . Juu/September 1983

sion." 1982.Information and Records Management 16 (Dec.):p.8. ''Upside Down Copier from SwissCompany: A Boon to Libraries, " ReprographicsQuar- terllt15 (Auttrnn) :p. 132. U.S. Copyright Office. 1983.Section 10B (i) Report.Springfreld, Va.: National Technical Information Service.PB 83-148239. Veaner, Allen B. 1982a."Incredible Past, Incredible Future," LibraryResources I Tech- niral Seraices26 (J an./Mar.) :p.52-56. 1982b. "Practical Microform Materials for Libraries: Silver, Diazo, Vesicu- (d lar," Library Resources TechnicalSeraices 26 Quly/Sept.):p.306-8. "Video Patsearch System: An Interview with Peter Urbach." 1982. Videodisc/Vidzotex2 (Winter):p.30-37. The VideoSource Book. 1981. 3d ed. Syosset,N.Y.: National Video Clearinghouse. VideotextDirectory: A Guideto the Vidrotex/TelaextIndustries. 1982. l9B2/83 ed. Stanford, Calif.: Institute for the Future [and] Arlen Communications. Walter, Gerry. 1982a. "Optical Data StorageTechnology: Promise of a New Digital Mass Memory," InternationalJournal of Micrographics I Video Technologt 1 no. 2/3:p.61-85. l992b. VideoDisks in theAutornatedOffice?Sllver Spring, Md.: National Micro- graphicsAssn. Witt, CliftonR., andGalloway,EmilyL. 1982."ABlindDatewithNewTechnology," Videodisc/Videotex2 (W inter):p. 13 -21 . Wood, R. Kent, and Woolley, Robert D. 1980. An Oaeruizwof VidtodiscTechnologt and SornePotential Applications in theLibrary, Informationand InstruetionalSciznces. Syracuse, N.Y.: ERIC Clearinghouse on Information Resources, SyracuseUniversity. Arlington, Va.: ERIC Document Reproduction Service.Microfrche. ED 206 328. Zink, StevenD. 1982. "The Impending Crisis in Government PublicationsReference Services," MicroformReaieu 17 (Spring):p.106-1I.

NOMINATIONS FOR 198:t RESOURCES SECTION o'n35{o'r'n'*Iflff f #f*"f "n

Nominations for the 1984 Resources Section Blackwell North America Scholar- ship Award are now being accepted. They should be submitted by December 1, 1983, to Mona East, Chair, RS/Blackwell North America Scholarship Award, P.O. Box 1688, Ann Arbor, MI 48106. This award is presented to honor the author or authors of the outstanding 1982 monograph, article, or original pap€r in the field of acquisitions, collection development, and related areas of resources development in libraries. Blackwell North America will donate a $ 1,000 scholarship to the U. S. or Canadian library school of the winning author's choice. The school will select a student concen- trating in the acquisitions or collection development areas to receive the scholar- ship. /297

Preservotionof LibrqryMoteriols z 1982

Morgoret Byrnes

*An.asterisk following.a title , or a surname in the text indicates the entry element un- der whrch that citation will be found in the "References. " Entry elements ior other cita- tions are given, in parentheses or indicated in the customary author-date style; however, tn these annual reviews, date is included in.-the text referenie only if it is other ihan 1982.

Mr.g"*, Byrnes is Preseryation officer, The university of Michigan Library. 298/ Library ResourcesI TechnicalSeruices .Jufu/September 1983 grams, scholars' expectations, and preservation priorities among other iisues at a conferenie entitled "Toward the Twenty-First Century: Re- search Libraries and Their lJsers, " sponsored by the American Council of Learned Societies, the Association of American Universities, the

radical changes in the format of materials (Library Looksi Preservation Conference Closes; Preservation Conference Panel). Each of these meetings served an important function in briefing high-level adminis- trators on the major preservation issues of the eighties and providing an opportunity for them to begin strategic planning' Pnronrtrrs, AccEss, AND COLLECTION DEVELOPMENT

given during 1981-82, Child argued for periodjc reappraisal and weed- ing of colleciions and stressed the need to consider long-term preserva- tio-n costs before making major acquisitions decisions. She urged ar- chives and libraries to look critically at collection development and

liberal accesspolicies, and patron expectations and the need to Preserve fragile materiils for future-consultation. Wilson* argued that exploita- tioi of materials has been given priority over preservation since the PreseruationoJ Library Materials 1299

mid-nineteenth century, when providing access became the primary role of libraries. He calls upon scholars and librarians to increase their knowledge ofthe book as a physical object and urges a greater degree of interaction between conseryators and librarians. According to Mowat, * however, deterioration from use is the acceptable result of successfulli- brary functioning. Access should not be discouraged in the interests of future users except in national libraries that have designated responsibil- ity for preserving their cultural heritage. The high cost of unsupervised accessto photographic collections was the subject of an editorialin Photo- graphiConseraation(Access). In the same journal, Pedzich* describes practices designed to minimize the wear and tear of daily use at the George Eastman House International Museum of Photography. In his discussion of the relationship between collection development and preservation, Hazen* identifies hve factors affecting item-by-item preservation decision making: academic activity, collection strengths, costs, alternatives to in-house treatment, and an understanding of use patterns within specific disciplines. Drawing the obvious analogy be- tween this type of decision making and traditional selection activities, he points out the need for cost data on specific preservation techniques, im- proved control of information regarding available reproductions, the de- velopment of sensitive collection management policies, and a database in which items can be tagged with preservation-related information. At the Collection Management and Development Institute sponsored by the Resources and Teihnical Services Division [RTSD] of the American Library Association [ALA] inJuly 1982, Darling outlined an ingenious plan for an online system designed for replacement/treatment decision making. Emphasizing the urgent need to increase allocations for re- placement of deteriorated materials, she suggestedthat preservation and weeding policies should be included in collection development state- ments and that criteria should be developed for identifying categories of materials for which decisions can be made automatically rather than on an item-by-item basis. Darling's concerns are reiterated by Dean (1982a), who seespreser- vation activities as inseparable from those of collection development. He argues that the library's ability to preserve should directly affect its deci- sions to collect, discard, or retain particular items. Weeding must as- sume new importance as the scope of the preservation problem becomes more fully realized since the removal of each unneeded title from the col- lection increases the chances that another ofreal value can be preserved. Dean stressesthe importance of participation by the preservation officer in systemwide planning and policymaking since preservation concerns affect virtually all library activities. NEw TECHNoLoGIES During 1982, LC announced its three-year plan to test the application of video and optical disc technology for preservation purposes (DEMAND). The Library will use a commercial analog videodisc sys- tem to store selected motion pictures, prints, photographs, and other graphic materials. An optical digital disc system will be employed for test 300/ LibrarytResources I TechnicalSeruices cJu$/September 1983 storage of 500,000 pages per year taken largely from high-use serials. Results of the LC projects are expected in late 1984. A very readable explanation of these technologies and their potential for text storage is offered by Goldstein. * Barrett* compares optical disc formats with mi- croforms and discusses cost implications. Pilot efforts in a number of museums to use videodiscs for storage of the information in slides and videotapes are described by Nyerges.* Advantages of these laser-read systems include extremely dense storage capacities, faster, more con- venient retrieval and improved accessbecause of the potential for deeper

for preserving information now in formats that are rapidly deteriorating in collections throughout the country. Years of research into the diethyl zinc mass deacidification process by LC Preservation Office scientists resulted last October in the successful completion of a 5,0OO-volume test run at the Goddard Space Flight Cen- ter. By neutralizing the acid in book paper and leaving an alkaline re- serve, theDEZ process is expected to extend the useful life of most vol- umes by several hundred years. Pending completed test results, LC plans to have ready by 1985 a facility capable of deacidifying 500,000 volumes per year (LC Completes; Library of Congress; Preservation Project). The Wei T'o deacidification process invented by Richard Smith is past the test phase and has been in regular operation at the Public Ar- chives of Canada for more than a year. The system, currently used for Canadian offrcial publications, is said to be producing excellent results. It is designed to treat 5,000 books per week on a twenty-four-hour seven- day cycle at a present cost of three to four dollars per volume (Mass; How to Sweeten). Both deacidification processesare intended for treatment of materials that have not yet become brittle. Nonetheless, the potential for combin- ing the technologies and using mass deacidification systems for incom- ing materials and transferring to disc those that are deteriorated has in- troduced a much needed note of optimism into the preservation literature. PROFESSIONAL ASSOCIATION AND NETWORI( ACTIVITIES ALA's Preservation of Library Materials Section maintained a high level of activity in 1982, which included work on guidelines for library binding, comparative cost data for conservation treatments, standards for conservation supplies, and a seriesof pamphlets on binding methods. InJuly, the Education Committee issued an eight-page bibliography en- titled Basic PreseraationLibrarlt. " With funding from NEH, Research Libraries Group [RLG] mem- bers began to inspect their master negative microfilm collections and in- Preseroationof Library Materials /301 put into the RLIN database records for more than 21,000 titles. The project, intended to prevent duplication of filming efforts, will be com- pleted in late 1983. Recent preservation-related enhancements to RLIN included use of an asterisk in the 007 freld to indicate the existence of a microform copy within a record cluster and insertion of a plus sign to indicate a member's decision to frlm a particular title. A new queuing date freld has been created so that libraries can enter the date that a frlm- ing decision was made. Among other activities of the RLG Preservation Committee were the completion of a draft preservation manual and specifications for the preparation, production, inspection, labeling, and storage of films produced by the cooperative preservation microfilming project expected to begin in the spring of 1983. News of other network activities included the establishment by the OCLC Research Library Advisory Committee of a task force charged with studying the feasibility of tagging online records to identify volumes that have been designated preservation copies. As part of its Basic Archival Conservation Program, the Society of American Archivists continued to hold workshops throughout the coun- try, offer consultancies, and issue a variety of publications. Phase II of the program, which began in the fall of 1982, has been expanded to in- clude workshops and publications on preservation microfilming and the conservation of photographic collections. PNOCNEVTPLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION A comprehensive summary of program developments including na- tional, regional, and local efforts, publications, and funding is provided by Buchanan. * On this last topic, she notes the effect of recent budget cuts at all levels and stressesthe importance of private-sector support if progress in developing national and local programs is to be sustained. The ARL preservation planning program was launched in early 1982 with publication of a resource notebook that is an invaluable collection of core articles and pamphlets supporting local preservation program plan- ning (Preservation Planning) and a self-study manual (Darling). The manual outlines objectives and techniques for the study and suggestsse- quences of activities for local task force investigations. Helpful sample report outlines are included. Yale University Library' s pamphl et, Preseraation: Your Responsibilit2* also is intended for those involved in local programs. Presentations are included on the causes of deterioration of library materials, collection suryeys, storage conditions, disaster planning and recovery, replace- ment/repair decision making, and commercial library binding. Re- printed in the appendixes are guidelines for preservation photocopying, a binding evaluation form, lists of supplies and equipment, and a se- lected bibliography. The Society of American Archivists flier on estab- Iishing conservation programs covers environment and condition sur- veys, treatment priorities, and setting up in-house conservation facilities. Recommended readings for each topic are included (Imple- menting). Fortson-Jones (1982a) covers many of the same topics and recommends steps that can betaken by small institutions. A "Conserva- 302/ Librarlt ResourcesE TechnicalSna;6ss o Jub)/September i 9B3 tion Self-Study" * flier, published by the Society of American Archivists Basic Archival Conservation Program, will assist archives and libraries in identifying local conservation needs. Factors to be assessedinclude the type of materials held, size, age, and condition of the collection, stor- age materials in use, environmental and safety systems, staff training, and budget. Similarly helpful is a survey manual published by the New York Library Association (Cunha). Fortson-Jones (1982b) describes survey procedures used at the Nebraska State Historical Society and in- cludes in her report a sample survey form. On the national level, the LC Preservation Office continued to de- velop plans for the fledgling national preservation program. Pamela Darling was appointed special consultant to the program and assigned to organize information services. Among her plans are a slide-tape on pres- ervation planning, reference services by phone or mail, fliers covering frequently requested subjects, news releases on LC research findings, and an updated collection of audiovisual materials available for loan. The publications program is well under way with a revised edition of a brief bibliography of core materials (Preservation of Library) and sev- eral other titles mentioned elsewhere in this article. The National Conservation Advisory Council (NCAC) concluded its seriesof eight committee reports with a formal proposal for the establish- ment of a National Institute for the Conservation of Cultural Property. Functions of the National Institute would include the development and implementation of a national preservation policy, fostering public awareness of conservation problems, and funding and coordination of conservation programs throughout the country. While full operation is not expected for two to three years, a strong role in supporting conserva- tion education, information services, and research is anticipated. A grant from the British Library to Cambridge IJniversity bodes well for the establishment of a national program in that country. The Cam- bridge study will include an evaluation of conservation policies through- out the United Kingdom, an outline of existing and needed training pro- grams, a survey of conservation facilities and expertise, and an assessment of the feasibilitv of a national center for conservation re- search (Conservation Projeit). The British Library's new Conservation Branch has made significant strides with its binding, furbishing, and mi- cro{-rlming programs and funded research into the causesof paper deteri- oration and the design and construction of overhead photocopiers (Wilson). Back on this side of the Atlantic, regional and state conservation activ- ities proliferated in 1982. The Northeast Document Conservation Cen- ter continued to offer restoration, consultant, and disaster assistance, and workshop services. Russell* describes the history of the center and offers advice to those contemplating establishing regional centers else- where. Schur (1982a) describes the center's staffing and facilities and re- views its NEH-funded program of conducting surveys for local libraries. In another NEH-sponsored project, Walter Brahm* completed his study of materials conservation in six midwestern states. Finding that sufficient amounts of expertise and equipment exist in the region, Preseruationof Library Materiak /303

Brahm calls for the establishment of an Offrce of Preservation Services, a nonprofit, independent restoration center, and citizens groups to foster awaieness of the need for conservation on the local level. Judged critical to the successof coordinated activities in the Midwest is a commitment on the part of library and archive administrators to provide adequate funding and establish priorities for collection conservation. In Canada, the Atlantic Provinces Library Association's Conserva- tion of Library Materials Committee is reported to be planning a study of conservation policies and techniques throughout the region, and Mc- Master lJniversity has established a cooperative program for the bind- ing and restoration of rare books and special collections in Ontario and other provinces. On the state level, the Illinois Cooperative Conservation Program was in full operation by mid-1982. Among its activities were eight work- shops on simple protective and repair techniques, in-depth individual training sessions for hands-on staff, disaster assistance, and telephone referenle services. Also made available to libraries throughout the state were slide-tapes on the conservation of nonbook materials, posters on book handling and photocopying practices, a disaster portfolio, and a "Conservation Correspondence" series on topics such as disaster pre- paredness and minor book repairs (Morrow 1982b). Statewide conservation services will be established bv the State His-

Conservation Group. Activities in Oklahoma include environmental surveys offered by the state library, workshops, and planning for a pres- ervation speakers bureau and a state-funded conservation facility. An evaluation of the 1980-81 Colorado Conservation Study is offered by Alexander. * Surveys of local libraries, training in basic repairs and di- saster recovery techniques, a needs assessmentmanual, and draft plans for a statewide conservation program helped raise awareness and in- 304/ Library ResourcesE TechnicalSeraices . Jul/september 1983

Counsrs AND CoNFERENcES The much needed expansion of opportunities for formal training of conservation specialists and preservation administrators continued in 1982. The Columbia University School of Library Service graduated its first class of preservation administration students and bega--nthe second year of training of conseryators. In his address to the American Institute for the Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works and in an interview with Boo* Arts Reaiew, Banks* describes the Columbia program and ar- gues the need to train conservation "engineers" capable of applying sys- tems approaches to large-scale preservation problems (Interview). Other reports of formal training opportunities include a preservation minicourse at the lJniversity of Michigan School of Library Science, a seminar on the conservation of library materials offered by the lJniver- sity of Texas Humanities Research Center, Wayne State University's course in the conservation and administration of photographic collec- tions, three summer courses on the same topic offered by the Rochester Institute of Technology's School of Photographic Arts and Sciences, and a new conservation certification program at San Francisco State IJniver- sity. In addition, the Columbia University School of Library Service an- nounced plans for week-long courses in rare book librarianship that will include sessions on book and manuscript preservation and historical binding techniques. Conference and workshop opportunities abounded throughout the year, such as the Second Annual Preservation of Library Materials Con- ference, a workshop on organizing and preserving architectural docu- ments sponsored by the Rochester Institute of Technology and Harvard (Jniversity's Graduate School of Design, a conference on preservation management in performing arts collections, and sessionson bleaching and foxing of paper, leafcasting, leather treatment, and the health and safety hazards of chemicals used in conservation that were given at the annual meeting of the American Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works. The September meeting of the International Insti- tute for Conservation focused on the need for collaboration between sci- entists and conservators. To assist those involved in preservation education programs, a video- cassette primer was made available by New York lJniversity Law Li- brary staff (Vincent-Daviss) and two bibliographies of audiovisual ma- terials were produced (Ericson; Harrison).

CoMMERTcAL BTNDTNG AND Pepnn Quer,rrv The Committee on Production Guidelines for Book Longevity, spon- sored by the Council on Library Resources, issued two final reports in 1982, the "Report on Book Paper" described in last year's review arti- PreseraationoJ Library Materials /305 cle, and "On Longevity in Book Binding" (Book Longevity). The latter

mand for low-cost books was clearly expressed (ALA Meets). The long-standing need for librarians to become better informed about library binding techniques and materials was again addressed in a

dwindle. More detailed performance comparisons of various binding methods are offered by Rebsamen. In one article, he reports on recent tests that showed double fan adhesive bindings to be "far superior in openability to both the cleat-laced and oversewn bindings" and stronger than the

braries.

lar sessionselsewhere. Recent developments in binding technology include the development of boardless covers claimed to be strong enough to stand up to heavy use (Horowitz), press pasting, a new adhesive binding method that allows the folds of signatures to be retained (Pace), and a high-speed sewing 3061 Librar2 ResourcesI Tuhnical Seruices. JuQ/September 1983 machine capable of sewing 9,000 signatures per hour, thusmaking sew- ing more competitive with adhesive binding (Frank 1982a). Trends in paper quality included both positive and negative news. On the minus side, the increasing need for economy in book production has resulted in substantial growth in the use of coated groundwood and mid- grade papers and a tendency on the part ofseveral publishers to abdicate to manufacturers their traditional role in selecting papers. (Frank 1982a). On the plus side, however, can be noted the drafting of an American National Standards Institute standard on permanent paper for printed library materials. Publication is expected in 1984. A survey conducted by the Committee on Production Guidelines for Book Lon- gevity showed that of those responding 67 percent of the university presses and21 percent of other publishers are using acid-free papers and three-frfths of those polled are willing to indicate under the copyright statement in the books they publish that the paper used is acid free. It should be noted, however, that survey results represent only 25 percent of the more than 430 companies to whom questionnaires were sent (Book Longevity, 5). Nonetheless, a "stronger move to alkaline sheet" by several paper mills was noted in 1982 (Frank 1982b,32), afact which may presage its more widespread use even by those not included in the survey results. ColqsnnverroN TEcHNrquEs During 7982, a number of publications provided still much needed instruction in basic conservation procedures. Morrow ( 1982a) produced an excellent manual that illustrates step-by-step book repair techniques. Supplies, equipment, and costs are listed for each procedure. The Soci- ety of American Archivists flier, ConseruationTechniques* covers removal of paper fasteners, adhesives, supplies, surface cleaning, and mending of paper. The frrst of a six-volume series on science for conservators has been published by the Crafts Council in Britain (Introduction). Each step involved in book hinge and joint repair is described by Greenfield* in another of the Yale University Library pamphlet series. Brown,* Etherington, and Ogden offer an extremely well illustrated guide for the construction of boxes for rare books, the first in a series of publications on similar topics to be produced by the LC National Preservation Pro- gram Office. Methods of coping with mold and mildew on books are suggested by Klemme. * Guidelines for the care of rare book collections are offered in the August "Conseryatips" column of History News (How to Care), while in the May AIC Newsletter can be found descriptions of various encapsulation machines (Polyester). The much discussed need for formal standards in conservation and a certifrcation program for hand binders were the topics of a special meet- ing of the Guild of Book Workers at the Folger Library in April (GBW). Krasnow* describes the legal responsibilities of conseryators and sug- gests the use of formal contracts. Fried* notes the resurgence of frne binders in New York and traces the historical development of different binding styles. Nineteenth-century American binding techniques are compared to those of France, England, and Germany by Eberhardt,* PresmtationoJ Librarlt Materials /307 and years of experience with gilding techniques and the special problems posed by poor-quality papers are reviewed by Ellenport.* Increasing concern about the toxic effects of chemicals used in conser- vation resulted in a welcome guidebook produced by the Scottish Society for Conservation and Restoration (Clydesdale). The news that ethylene oxide, a chemical commonly used in book fumigation chambers, has been listed as a potential carcinogen was a particular source of worry (University). Evidence appears to indicate that some objects retain the chemical and release it slowly into the air after the fumigation process has been completed (ETO). Two other fumigants, thymol and ortho- phenyl phenol are described by Nagin* and McCann. Included are rec- ommended fumigation methods, safety precautions , and a valuable list of references for further study. Preliminary tests of Richard Smith's pi- lot dryer/exterminator have been successful. The modified commercial freezer will dry 200 wet books in one month and exterminate insects in 400-600 volumes in three days without using chemicals. Major conservation research reported in 1982 that is of particular in- terest to libraries and archives concerned microbiodeterioration (Kowa- lik), bleaching (Burgess; Branchick), foxing (Cain), deacidification techniques (Couch), leather structure (Haines), and inks (H.y; Flieder; Mairinger). For institutions planning to establish conservation units, a list of basic supplies and equipment was published by Technolog {d Conseraation (Roundup). Others will benefit from the expanded list of restoration fa- cilities specializing in library materials that is being produced by the Conservation Section of the International Federation of Library Associ- ations. Canadian libraries in particular will be interested in the conser- vation issue of the ArchiaesBulletin,* which is largely devoted to descrip- tions of conservation facilities in Canada. DISASTER PnnvnurroN AND RECOVERY The nightmare of damage to library collections caused by fire or flood- ing prompted a remarkable number of workshops and publications in 1982. The University of California Berkeley Library provided staff training in salvaging wet and damaged materials as part of a series of workshops on coping with emergencies. Attendees at a two-day work- shop at the Bibliographic Center for Research in Denver gained hands- on salvage experience, learned to survey damaged materials, select among available treatment options, write disaster plans, and conduct similar workshops in their home states (Duy). As a result of this NEH- sponsored project, fourteen local workshops and approximately 250 di- saster plans had been produced by late 1982. Additional assistance to libraries in the West will be made available by the Western Conservation Congress in the form of a disaster response resources directory. Disaster manuals and planning guides were drafted by the Oklahoma Chapter of the Western Conservation Congress, the Utah Museum As- sociation, the Greater Cincinnati Library Consortium/Dayton and Mi- ami Valley Consortium Disaster Preparedness Task Force, and the So- ciety of American Archivists. The State Library of Colorado made 308/ LibrarytResources I TechnicalSeraices . Jul2/September 1983 available kits of supplies needed for small-scale emergencies and offered libraries in the state the services of a five-person disaster recovery team. Among reports of recent disaster experience was that of the University of Calgary's successful freeze-drying of water-soaked rare Russian ma- terials (Books Saved). A review of lessonslearned from a major fire at the Farragut branch of the Knoxville/Knox County Public Library is of- fered byJordan.* The latter report contains useful information about insurance settlement negotiation and commercial treatments for smoke odor and soot. Other helpful literature on this essential topic includes a discussion of preventive measures related to building structure and air handling, alarm, and extinguishing systems (Streit l992a), a fire safety question- naire (Fire), tips on freezing and air drying books after a minor disaster (Hansen), and an up-to-date bibliography on preparedness and recov- ery (Kemp) NoNBooK MATERIALS Mrcnoronus As a result of several new cooperative programs, preseryation micro- frlming activities are beginning to expand rapidly. So too is the literature

compiled by Helga Borck* for the RTSD Preservation Microfilming Committee. The ARL Microform Project was expanded during 1982 to include several new preservation components. During l9B2-84, Jeffrey Hey- nen, project director, will survey existing library microfilming facilities, identify needed cooperative filming projects, devise methods of avoiding duplicated effort, and encourage compliance with national standards. Also included in the project will be an investigation of current preserva- tion statistics keeping practices and the establishment of a clearinghouse for forms and standards presently in use. Meps auo AncrrrrECTURALDnewrNcs Conservation methods and storage techniques for maps and architec- tural drawings are included in a new manual by Ehrenberg.* Perry* cites reduced physical damage and increased protection from f,rre and water as primary advantages of vertical map storage units. RnconntNcs euo AuorovrsuAl Merenrars The new Committee for the Preservation of Sound Recordings held organizational meetings in 1982. Membership includes engineers, chemists, collectors, manufacturers, and technical specialists as well as librarians and archives personnel. All flexible recording media, includ- Preseraationof Library Mateials /309 ing video and magnetic tapes and future formats, are within the scope of the committee's interests. Concerns to be addressed include environ- mental conditions, condition monitoring techniques, optimal storage time limits, and standards for archival recording tape. Cleaning and storage of sound recordings, selection and maintenance of listening equipment, and use policies at Rutgers University Institute * of Jazz Studies are described by Griffrn. Paris* and Boss emphasize the importance of cleanliness, regular inspection, and controlled tempera- ture and humidity levels in their discussion of care and maintenance of videodiscs and players. Roper* argues that because of the inherently un- stable nature of audiovisual materials and machine-readable records, preventive measures such as control of environmental conditions and regular copying programs are the only preservation options available.

PnorocnepHlc Mernntets

Stabilization and conservation techniques for photographic materials were discussed at many conferences in 1982. The University of Texas sponsored a series of workshops concerned with the conservation, stor- age, and display of black-and-white and color images. "Stability and Preservation of Photographic Images" was the title of a special confer- ence at the Public Archives of Canada sponsored by the Society of Pho- tographic Scientists and Engineers in late August. Among the topics covered at that meeting were emergency procedures, permanence stan- dards, and the effects of improper environmental conditions. At the soci- ety's annual meeting in May, a study of the stability of direct duplicating film was widely discussed. The Spring issue of Picturescope,*the journal of the Special Libraries Association Picture Division, was devoted to conservation. Among the articles are an introduction to photographic processes, materials, and standards, a summary of recent research on the preservation of albumen prints, descriptions of projects involving the conversion of nitrate films and duplication of glass negatives, and a discussion of problems encoun- tered with direct duplicating negative film. At the association's annual meeting in Detroit, the Picture Division sponsored a program entitled "Practical Picture Preservation" (Reports). Elsewhere Ford* presents brief practical advice for the proper care of photographic collections, Eaton* summarizes characteristics of resin- coated papers, and Heffner* offers recommendations for processing, storing, matting, and mounting black-and-white prints. Methods for minimizing fading in color prints and slides are discussedin Photographi- * Conseruation(Preservation Now) and by Schwalberg. Research reports include techniques for monitoring fading and staining (Wilhelm) and the announcement of a new chemical treatment designed to stabilize in- stantly processed color prints (Chemistry). Care and cleaning tech- niques for daguerreotypes are described by Barger (1982a: l9B2b), and the causes of highlight yellowing in albumen prints are outlined by Reilly. * The number of 1982 preservation conferences and publications that 310/ Library ResourcesI TechnicalSeruices ' JuQ/September l9B3 were related to photographic collections attests to a high level.of aware- ness that these imporitttt t.s.tt.h materials have become seriously_en- dangered. The report that the Northeast Document Conservation Cen- t.t Kur been funded to plan a national study and develop guidelines for duplicating historical photographic negatives is, therefore, most wel- come news. Coucr,usrox Nineteen eighty-two was a year marked by a number.of significant developments in library preservation. Among them were th9 ernerggncg of ser.e.al complex issuesthat demanded the ittention of high-le-vel deci- sion makers, tih. -orr.rnent of national cooperative programs from the planning stage to reality, and increased knowledge in the areas of paper quality,-binding, and conservation research. Perhaps most promising was the p.og..ri ."ported toward eventual implementation of mass de- acidification and optical disc systems as a two-pronged,approach to pre- venting further deterioration of library collections. In the sensethat ma- jor issu"esremain to be resolved, it is true that preservation is still in the "nineteenth century. From the standpoint of learning to h.a.rnessthe new- est technologies, Lo*ever, p.es.r.rltion is moving rapidly toward the year 2000.

REFERENCES

AAU/CLR. American Association of Universities/Council on Library Resources Task Force on Preservation.19BI. "Final Report." Photocopy' Abbev. Sue. 1982. "Conservation in a Smill Historical Society." ConseraationAdminis- trationNeus 10 (July):p.9- I I . "Access." 1982.PhongraphiConseraation 4 (Mar.):p.1, 6' 57 "ef.a trt""t. in quat?r bity: A Conference Repbrt." l9B2 Wilson Librarlt Bulletin (Sept.):p.23-32. et|*u'"a!., David. "Mile High Conservation. " 7982. ConseraationAdministration News 9 (Apr.):p.B-10. '5.;t tiu'Billetin. Association of Canadian Archivists. 1982. 7 lf,an') ,.Preservation r"t.r,;"rr". 1982. Programlof the New York Public r lbrary. Part Two: Frori the 1930'sto the 60's." Micriform Reaieull (Winter):p'22-30' .. ,.EducationinLibraryandArchivesConservation," Banks,paulN. 1982. inAmerican Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works (AIC) PreprintsoJ Papers Pre- sentedat theTenth Annual Meeting,Milwaukee, wisconsin,26-30 Ma1,1982, 1-8. wash- ington, D.C.: The lnstitute. Barg?r, IVI. S.-,.u.r.1982a. "Daguerreotype Care." American Institute for Conserva- ti6n of Historicand Artistic Works. AIe NeuslettnB (Nov'):p' 13-15' Barger,M. susan;Krishnaswamy, S.V.;and Messier,R. 1982b.'.'The.cleaningof D"ag.,....otypes: 1. physical Sputter Cleaning, a New Technique," in AIC Preprints (seeBanks), p.9-20. Bairett, i. r6'a'2."Developments in Optical Disk Technology a1d.1heImplications for of Micrg,raqhicl 15 (Jan'):p '22-26 ' Information Storage and Retriet'al ,'\' "Journal rmeriian Lidrary Assn. Preservationof Li- .mlttee. WukQ222 QdY 2):P'37-40' "{X1lr"".r*[;"ei ia, BookLongeaitv. 1eB2' Cotkge I ResearchLibraries Neus 43 Quly/ Aug.):p.237. Preseraationof Library Materiak /311

Borck, Helga. 7982. PreparingMaterialfor MicroJilming:A Bibliography.Chicago, Ameri- can Library Assn. Resources and Technical Services Division Preservation Micro- frlming Committee. Brahm, Walter. 1982. "A Regional Study for Materials Conservationin lndiana, Ken- tucky, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania,West Virginia: Findings and Recommenda- tions." Photocopy. Branchick, ThomasJ.; Keyes, Keiko M.; and Tahk, F. Christopher. l9B2. "A Study of the Bleaching of Naturally Aged Paper by Artificial and Natural Light," in AIC Pre- prints(see Banks), p.22-39. Brown,Margaret; Etherington,Don; andOgden,LindaK. lg92.BoxesfortheProtection of RareBooks:TheirDesignandConstruction. Washington, D.C.: Libraiyof Congress Preservation Office. Bu-chanan,Sally. 1982. "Recent Developmentsin Library Conservationin the United States," in TheBowker Annual of Libraryand Book TradeInJormation, 27th ed., 61-68. New York: Bowker. Burgess, Helen D. 1982. "The Bleaching Efficiency and Colour Reversion of Three ^ Borohydride Derivatives," in AIC PrepT;n1t(see Banks), p.40-48. Cain, C. Eugene; and Miller, Barbara A. 1982. "Photogriphic, Spectral, and Chro- matog-r-aphicSearches into the Nature of Foxing," in AIC Preprints(see Banks), o.54-62. "Chemistry: This Chemical Ought to Be in Pictures." 1gB2 ScienceNews 121 (Apr. 10):p.250. Child, Margaret S. 1982a."Deciding What to Save." Addressto the American Associ- ation for the Advancement of the Humanities, Dec. 1981. AbbelNewslettn 6 Supp. (Aug.):p.1-2. 1982b. " FederalFunds for Archives: A View from NEH, ",4 mericanArchiaist 45 (Fall):p.469-71. Cloonan, Michele V. 19B2."Cleaning the Newberrv's Collections." AbbeyNewsletter 6 (Aug.):p.53-54. Clydesdale, Amanda. 7982. Chemicakin Consemation:A Guideto PossibleHazards and SaJe Usa.Edinburgh: ScottishSociety for Conservationand Restoration. "Conservation: A New Mission for Libraries." 1982. The (Jniuersityof Texasat Austin GeneralLibraries Newsletter 1B: 1-5. "Conservation Project Launched." 1982.British Library News 74 (Apr.):p.1-2. "Conservation Self-Study." 1982.Unpaged insert inSocialtofAmeriian'Archiuists Neuts- letter(Jan.). "ConservationTechniques." 1982 UnpagedinsertinSacietltoJAmericanArchiaistsNeus- leuer(May). Couch, Randall. 1981. "Notes on a PressurizedSystem for Producing Magnesium Bi- ^ carbonateSolutions,"rlournaloJtheAmericanlnstituteforConseraation2l(FaID:p.43-48. Cunha, GeorgeD.;Lowill, HowlrdP.; andSchnareiRobertE. 1982.Cortiruationsur- aey^Manual.BallstonLake, N.Y.: NewYorkLibraryAssn. SectiononManagementof Information Resources and Technology. Darling,_Pamela W., and Webster, Duane E. 1982. PreseruationPlanning Program; An As- sistedSelf-Study ManualJor Libraries. Washington, D.C.: Assn. of Reiearih Libraries Office of Manasement Studies. Day, Karen. 19821''Alleviating the Administrator's Nightmaresof Disaster," Conseraa- tion AdrninistrationNew s no. 1I (Oct. ) :p. 10- 11 . Dean, John F. 1982a. "Conservation Officers: The Administrative Role, " WilsonLi- braryBulletin 57 (Oct.):p. 128-32. 'Johns 1982b. Hopkins: Action in Preservation," ConseruationAdministration Neutsno.9 (Apr.):p.1, 4-7. "qqMA^ryPSystemisDedicated." lg92.LibrarltoJCongressInJormationBulletin4l(Aug. 20):p.246. Dougherty, Richard M. 1982. "Preservation and Access:A Collision of Obiectives," _ Journalof AcademicLibrarianship B (Sept.):p.199. Eaton, George.1982. "ManufactureofResin-CoatedPapers(RC),'' PhotographiConser- oation4 Qune):p.4. Eberhardt, Fritz. 7982."Preserving the Materials of a Heritage,,, AB Bookmnn'sWeekly 70 (Oct. ll):2355-67 passim. 312/ Librar2 ResourcesI Technical Seraices' Jufu/September1983

Ehrenberg, Ralph E. 1982.Archiaes and Manuscripts Maps andArchitectural Drauings. (So- ciety of American Archivists Basic Manual series)Chicago: The Society' Ellenport, Sam. 1982. "LBI Profile: Sam Ellenport, Harcourt Bindery, Boston," New LibrarySeene 1 (Nov./Dec.) :p.6-7 . Ericson, Timothy L. 1982.'iAudiovisuals for Archivists." Unpaged insert in the Society of AmericanArchiuists Newsletter (July). "ETO Reevaluated." 1982.Abbey Newsletter 6 (July):p.39. "Fire Safety Survey: A Questionnaire for Teihnology & Conservation's Readers." 1982. Technology{l Conseraation7 (Spring):p.41-42. Flieder, FranEoise.l981-82. "L'Analyse et la r6v6lation chemique desencres m6tallo- galliques," Restaurator5:57 -63. Foid, Karin E. 1982. "Idaho Conservation: The PreservationofPhotographs," Idaho Librarian34 fluly):p. 110-1 1. Fortson-Jones,Juditli. 1982a. "Developing a Paper ConservationProgram in a Small Institution, " ConsnaationAfuninistration News no.9 (Apr. ) :p. I 2- I 4. 1982b. "Practicality Peaksfor this ConservationSurvey Method," New Li- braryScme 1 (Nov./Dec.):p.l, 4, B, 14. t'i9B2 Frank, Jerome'P. 1982a. Was a Year of TechnologicalRestraint in the Face of Many New Product Introductions," PublishnsWukll 222 (Dec. 3):p.37-44. 1982b. "The Year in Book Technology," PublishersWeekly 221 (Mar. 12):p.32. Fried,-Henry K. 1982. "The Renaissanceof Craft Bookbinding," AB Bookman'sWeekly 69 (Jan.11):p.179-90. "GBW eoril-'82 Meetine." 1982. ConseruationAdrninistration News no.l0 guly):p.io-t z GJldsteiri, CharlesM. 1982."Optical Disk Technology and Information Science," Sci- ence215 (Feb. 12):p.862-68. Greenfield, Jane. i9il2. Hinge andJoint Repair. (Yale University Library Preservation Pamphlet no.6) New Haven, Conn.: The Library. Griffrn, Marie P. 1982. "Jazz at Rutgers," ConseraationAdministration Neus no.70 Quly):p.6-8. Groban, Betsy, and Lowe, Robert G. 1982."Book Binding Considerations," SchoolLi' -4. braryJournal 29 (Oct.) :p. 10 I Haines, B. M. 1982. Th; F;breStructure oJ Leather. London: Leather Conservation Cen- tre. Hansen, Ralph W. 1982. "Idaho Conservation: What to Do When a Wet Book Walks ' ' through Your Door, IdahoLibrarian 34 Qan.):p.21-23 . Harris, Carolyn. 1982. "Brittle Books: A Way of Life," CatholicLibrary World 53 (Mar.):p.332-35. Harrison,-Alice W.; Collister, Edward A.; and Willis, R. Ellen. 1982. ConsuaationoJ Archiaal and Librarlt Materinls: A ResourceGuide to Audiouisual,4zds.Metuchen, N.J.: ScarecrowPr. Hazen, Dan. 1982. "Collection Development, Collection Management, and Preserva- - tion," Library Resources(d Technieal Seruices26 (Jan ' /Mar. ): p ' 3 I 1. Fleffner, Joel.-1982. "Preserving Valued Blacli-and-White Prints," New York Times Jan.2+, sec.2, p.32. Hey, Margaret. 1gB1-82."Deacidification and Stabilisationof Irongall Inks" Restaura- tor5:p.24-44. "Horowitz Unveils New Option: A Boardless, Semi-rigid Cover." 1982. Publishers Weekl2222 (Aug. 6):p.33-34. "How io Care forRare Book Collections." 1982.Historlt Netrts 37 (Aug.):p.38. "How to SweetenUp Your Library." 1982. CanadaTodalt/D'Aujourd'hui (Sept.):p.7 ' ''Implementing a ConservationProgram. " 1982.Unpaged insert in theSociety oJAmeri- canArchiuists Neuslettn (Sept.) "Interview with Paul Banki: Conservation and PreservationEducation Programs." 1982.Book Arts Reoieut1 (Mar.):p. 1-3, 6 Introductionto Materials. 1982. London: Crafts Council. Johnson, Carolyn M. 1982. "Priorities in Preservation Concerns in Conserva- tion," Neu LibrarySeene 1 (Sept./Oct.):p.1, 4, B, 10-11. Jordan, Ren6. 1982. "sifting the Ashes: Fire in the Library," TennesseeLibrarian34 (Summer):p.15-19. Presmtation of Librarv Materiak /313

Kemp, Toby. 1982. "Bibliography on Disasters,Disaster Preparedness,and Disaster Recovery," Conseraati on Administration Neu s no. | 7 (Oct. ) :p. 11 - 13. Klemme, JoEllen 1982. "Idaho Conservation: Mold and Mildew," IdahoLibrarian 34 (Apr.):p.67-68. Knoll, Gerhard. 1981-82. "Zum Stand der Restaurierung an der Universititsbib- liothek Bremen," Restaurator5:17 0-7 5. Knott, William A. 1982. "Western Conservation CongressReport," ConsentationAd- ministrationNzzrs 9 (Apr.):p.2, 10. Kowalik, Romuald. 1980."Microbiodeterioration of Library Materials. Part 2: Micro- biodecomposition of Basic Organic Library Materials. Chapter 4," Restaurator 4:135-219 Krasnow, Lawrence L. 1982. "Legal Aspectsof Conservation:Basic Considerations of Contracts and Negligence," TechnologtI Conseroation7 (Spring):p.38-40. "LC Completes Deacidification Experiment." 1982. WilsonLibrarl Bulletin 57 (Dec.):p.283. "Library Looks to the Future: Preservationand New Technology." 1982. Library of CongressInformation Bulletin 41 (July 16):p.205-7, 211-12. "Library of CongressAnnounces Completion of Test Aimed at Adding Hundreds of Years to Life of Books." 1982. Librarytof CongressInformation Bulletin 41 (Dec. I 1):p.369-70. ''Physikalische Mairinger, Franz 1981-82. Methoden zur SichtbarmachungVerblas- ster oder Getilgter Tinten," Restaurator5:p.45-56. "Mass Deacidification at the NL." 7982.National Librar2 News 14 (Mar./Apr.):p.1-3. McColgin, Michael. 1982."Dogs, Poniesand ConservationCritters in Arizona," Con- ser a atio n Adminis tratio n Nezos9 (Apr. ) :p. 1B- 20. McCrady, Ellen. 1982. "Selection for Preservation:A Survey of Approaches," Abbey Neutsletter6 Supp. (Aug.):p.1, 3-4. Morrow, Carolyn Clark. 1982a. ConseraationTreatrnent Procedures: A Manual of Step-by-Step Proceduresfor theMaintenance and Repairof Library Materials. Littleton, Colo.: Libraries Unlimited. 1982b. "Illinois Cooperative Conservation Program," Illinois Libraries64 (Sept.):p.966-68. Mowat, IanR. M. 1982."APolicyProposalfortheConservationandControlofBook- stock in Academic Libraries, " rioumil of Librarianship14 (Oct.):p.266-78. Nagin, Deborah, and McCann, Michael. 1982. Thymoland O-Phenll Phenol:Safe Work Practices.New York: Center for Occuoational Hazards. NARS.NationalArchivesandRecordsService. 1982.IntrinsicValueinArchiaalMaterial. (StaffInformation Paper, 21) Washington, D.C.: The Archives.GSA DC-01201785. NCAC. National Conservation Advisory Council. 1982. Probosalfor a National Institute Jor theConscroation of Cultural Propertlt. Washington, D.C.: The Cbuncil. Nyerges,Alexander Lee. 1982.''Museums and the Videodisc Revolution: Cautious In- ' ' volve ment, Videodisc/Videotex2 (F all)p .267-7 + . ''Technology: Pace,Eric. 1982. BindingBookswithAdhesive,"NeuYorkTimes,Jan.9, p.32. Paris,Judith, and Boss,Richard W. 1982. "The Care and Maintenance of Videodiscs and Players, " Videodisc/Videotex2 (\Ninter):p.38-46. Pedzich, Joan. 1982. "Balancing Preservationand Research: Some Principles That Help, " Photographic onseraation 4 (June) :p. 6- 7. Perry, Joanne M. 1982. "Vertical Map Storage," SpecialLibraries 73 (Jdy):p.207-12. "Phased PreservationTraining at University of Texas-Austin." 1982. LibraryJournal 107(Apr. 15):p.764. Pieturescope.1982. 30 (Spring). "Polyester Welding Machines." 1982.American Institute for Conservationof Historic and Artistic Works. AIC Newsletter7 (May):p.10. ' 'Prese rvation ConferenceCloses with Panelon New Technologyand Copyright Law. ' ' 1982. Library oJC ongress Information Bulletin 4l (J oly 30) :p. 2 17- 19. "Preservation ConferencePanel Focuseson Libraries and the Year 2000." 1982.L;- braryof CongressInformation Bulletin. 41 (July 23):p.213-15. "Preservation Now! Some Suggestionson How to Enhance the Useful Life of Color Images." 1982.PhotographiConseruation 4 (June):p. 4-5, B. Preseraationof Library Materials: First Sources.1982. (Preservation Leaflet no.l) 3d ed. 374/ LibrarytResources I TechnicalSeruices cJufu/September 1983

Washington, D.C.: Library of CongressPreservation Office. PreseruationPlanning ProgramResouree Notebook. 1982. Comp. by Pamela W. Darling. Washington, D.C.: Associationof ResearchLibraries, Office of Management Stud- les. "Preservation Project: The Library of CongressIs Teaming with NASA in Experiment Aimed at Halting Decay of Books." I 982. Wall StreetJournal Oct. 26, p.54. Preseraation:Your Responsibiliqt 1982. Ed. by Gay Walker andJane Greenfield. New Ha- ven, Conn.: Ya.leUniversity Library. Rebsamen,Werner. 7982a."Performance Comparison of Oversewn, Double Fanned and Cleat-LacedBindings," LibraryScene 11 (July/Aug.):p.18-22. 1982b. "Technically Speaking:Drilling vs. Oversewing," New LibrarySeene I (Nov./Dec.):p.I 0-12. Reilly,JarnesM. 1982."Role of the Maillard, or'Protein Sugar'Reaction in Highlight YellowingofAlbumenPhotographicPrints," inAlC Preprints(seeBanks), p.160-68' "Reports of the Seventy-third Annual Conference of the Special Libraries Association, Detroit, Mich. , June 5- 10, 1982." 1982.Library oJCongress InJormation Bulletin 41 (July 30):p.222-24. Roberis, Matt T. , and Etherington, Don. l9B2 . Bookbindingand theConseruation oJ Books: A Dictionarytof DescriptioeTerminologlt. WashinSon, D.C. : Library of Congress Preser- vation Office. Roper, Michael. 1982."Advanced Technical Media: The Conservationarid Storageof Audio-Visual and Machine-Readable Records," SocietyoJ ArchittistsJournal 7:(Oct.):p.106-12. "Roundup of Laboratory Supplies and Devices: Guide to Manufacturers and Suppliers ' ' of BasiCProducts for Conservation Laboratories. 1982. TechnologE Conseraation7 (Spring):p.43-46. Russell,Ann. 1982. "Northeast Document ConservationCenter: A CaseStudy in Co- operativeConservation, " AmericanArchiaist 45 (Winter):p .45-52. "satellite Chamber, Lasers Spur LC Preservation Effort." 7982. AmericanLibraries 13 (July/Aug.):p.+7 6-7 7. Schur, SusanE. 1982a."Conservation Profile: The NortheastDocument Conservation Center," TechnologltI Conseruation7 (Fall):p.32-39. 1982b. "Conservation Profile: The PreservationOffice of the Library of Congress," TechnologtI Conseruation7 (Summer):p.26-33, +6, +9. Schwalberg, Bob. 1982. "Color Preservation Update," PopularPhotography 89 $an.):p.81-86. Sichler, Gail. 1982a. "The Great Bookbinding Caper," ColoradoLibraries B (Sept.):p.34-35. Sichlel, Gail, and Baker, Phyllis. 1982b. "Can You Really Tell a Book by Its Cover?- A Binding Methods Workshop Model, " LibraryScene 11 (July/Aug.):p.3-6. Streit, Samuel. 1982a. "Antediluvian Considerations: The Library Structure and Di- sasterPrevention," ConseruationAdministration News no. 11 (Oct.):p.3-5. Streit, Samuel, and Sautter, Roberta. 1982b. "Brown Renovation for Preservation," ConsenationAdministration Neus no. l0 (July):p. 1-4. Sung, Carolyn Hoover. 7982.Archiaes andManuscripts, Reprography. (Society ofAmerican Archivists Basic Manual series) Chicago: The Society. "University of Cincinnati's Vacudyne." 1982.Abbey Newslettn 6 fluly):p.32-34. Vincent-Daviss, Diana. 7982. Enemiesof Boaks: A PreseraationPritner. (videocassette) Dobbs Ferry, N.Y.; Condyne/The Oceana Group. Walker, Gay. 1982. "Library Binding as a ConservationMeasure," ColbctionManage- mznf,1 (Spring/Summer):p. 55-7 1. Wilhelm, Henry. 1981. "Monitoring the Fading and Staining of Color Photographic Prints," Joumal oJtheArnerican Institutefor Conseruation.21 (Fall):p.a9-64. Wilson, Alex. 1982. "For This and Future Generations: Managing the Conflict be- tween Conservationand Use," Librarl Reaiew3l (Autumn):p.163-72. /3t5

Resources: The Yeor'sWork in 1982

ErwinK. Welsch

I'F rscal MANAGEMENTand the use of new techniques continued to be principal focuses of last year's work in resources and collection develop- ment, but appearing also in the literature were questions and commen- tary about scientific approaches to what many librarians consider an art. The role of the federal government in developing library resources was a major concern in the economic climate of 1982. And the world of pub- lishing is always of interest to the resources librarian. Surveys of the field as a whole were few last year. In addition to the annual review in this journal (Magrill), two deserve mention. The ALA Yearbookoffers a summary of events in collection management (Lynden), while the annotated, critical bibliography compiled by Godden,* F.- chan, and Smith covers books and articles appearing between 1970 and 1980. FEDERAL GOVNNNUTNT ACTIVITIES The administration sought to reduce federal outlays for various li- brary programs against librarians' opposition. The president's request that Congress rescind funding was refused, resulting in the release on April 26 of $1,920,000 for collegeresources and $5,760,000 for research libraries (LSCA). His FY 1983 budget included state block grants but nothing for library funding (Lawsuit). Subsequently a continuing reso- lution that funded the federal government at fiscal 1982 levels included the Library Services and Construction Act (Library). Thirty-five grants for fiscal year 7982 involving forty institutions were awarded under the Title II-C act (HEA II-C Grants). Thirteen independent research li- braries also received $5.5 million from the National Endowment for the Humanities for collections, buildings and staff (IRLA). Legislation was introduced to delay implementation of the Thor Power Tool ruling, which would have required an omnibus inventory in

*An asterisk following a title or a surname in the text indicates the entry element un- der which that citation will be found in the "References.'' Entry elements for other cita- tions are given in parentheses or indicated in the customary author-date style; however, in these annual reviews, date is included in the text reference only ifit is other than 1982.

Erwin K. Welsch, SocialStudies Librarian at the Memorial Library, University of Wis- consin-Madison, has contributed this year's annual review of the fields of acquisitions, collectiondevelopment, and library resources. 316/ Librar2 ResourcesI TechnicalSera;6s5 . Jub/September 1983

December 7982 (Taxation). Another bill that would have restored fair- market-value tax deductions for donations of literary, musical, or other artistic compositions came to the Senate floor (T*). A review of current tax policy for gifts was published (Schenck). Several reports described the impact of federal programs on re- sources. One examined the legislative history of the Title II-C program and led to a panel discussion that raised questions about the selection process (Hays 1981). There were complaints that only 33 institutions out of a possible 200 were funded and that the bulk of the funding-66 percent-was for bibliographic control and access, leaving 21 percent for conservation and 13 percent for resources. A measurement of the hs- cal impact of general revenue sharing used a computer analysis and showed that public libraries' fears of being crowded out were not war- ranted for they attracted $374,550,000 from 1973 through 1977 (Goudy 1982a). An examination of Title II-C grants took into account criticism of the selection process (Goudy 1982b). An Office of Education-spon- sored study comprehensively reviewed the use of Title II-C funds (Stud- diford). PUBLISHING Publishing was subject to internal strains and criticism from within and outside the industry. The final reports for 1981, largely due to the inclusion of mass-market paperbacks in the totals, showed a large in- crease in the number of titles even as the average hardbound price rose in 1982 to $25. 48 (Grannis l992a, 19B2b). The Thor ruling affecting the tax status of inventories caused publishers to print shorter runs of profes- sional reference works and remainder them faster with inevitable conse- quences for libraries (Dahlin; Arthur Andersen). Lofquist* saw serious cbmpetition developing from the electronic information industry but Walters'* view of the book's future perceptively distinguished between cumulative (scientifrc) and noncumulative knowledge and the informa- tion format appropriate to each. Publishersliied to pass shipping costs to the customer by "Freight- ' Pass-Through,' which aroused immediate criticism (Bell). In an expos6 of the practice, Agnifrlo* listed publishers adopting this method, deci- phered their code, and suggested that librarians watch invoices for wholesalers passing on the higher prices (Freight). Complaints about practices that caused libraries, in effect, to pay shipping twice_resultedin i change of policy by at least one major distributor (Baker; Jobbers). Theitandard work by Unwin* and Unwin on the publishing trade appeared in an eighth edition. Coser* used sociological techniques to de- scribe the "culture and commerce" of publishing. A source of financial information suggested that the growth of "infor- mation congenerics" would continue and accelerate (Compaine, 139). But criticism of the negative cultural aspects of size appeared (West) as did comments about the industry's "alarminglack of self-criticism" and "quick buck fever" (Dessauer, 35-36). Shatzkin* proposed a new dis- tribution system. The number of small pressesincreased in the 1970s to a total of more Resources:The Year'sWork /317 than twelve thousand (40 percent literary), but almost all of them had difficulty getting their books reviewed and noticed (Appelbaum, J.). Many librarians believe these alternative materials enhance collections and increase readership (Biggs). Acquisitions and handling procedures for literary little magazines in special collections (Rom) and a handbook for alternative materials that listed sources (Danky) were published. PLANNING AND BUDGETING Viewed as an important collection management function was the idea of navigating between two "extremes in the theory of collection developmenl" -4v1 idealized library operating independently of exter- nal forces or one with collections based solely on use (Osburn 1982b' 45). Cost increases have not abated and the inflation rate, the period of aus- terity, dollar devaluation, and newer and more expensive formats have exacerbated collection problems (Lynden). Insufficient finances make it diffrcult to realize ideals and too often collection studies "mask inade-

thdn providing answers (Roe 1981). Guidelines for writing collection development manuals and samples of various kinds are helping codify a difficult process (Dole 1982b). Dis-

The application of computers and systems analysis (Bommer) to re- source management questions has become common. There were analy- 378/ Library ResourcesI TechnicalSero;6ss.Juu/September 1983

ses of recent acquisitions using OCLC record tapes (Kim, D. U.) and the OCLC automated acquisitions system (Calhoun). The tapes showed a low level of duplication (18 to 32 percent) in a multicampus university system (Moore, B.) replicating an earlier study. One library used a minicomputer and bar codes for inventory control (Goldstein), and an- other identified frequently requested books (Schmidt). Collection evaluation, though an important part of planning coopera- tive programs and budget procedures, is a topic whose scope and tech- niques are not yet clearly defined. A new annotated bibliography of re- cent work should help (Nisonger), but in a paper given at ALA in Philadelphia, Mosher claimed that many evaluation studies had little practical usefulness. He enumerated strategies for the 1980s: classifica- tion (relating holdings to curriculum without qualitative assessment);ci- tation analysis; overlap studies showing collection duplication among several libraries; and "overlap/verification" that attempts to identify unique resources (Research). Lancaster* described the methodology as subjective analysis, checking against lists, and evaluation by use. The Association of Research Libraries [ARL] has been sponsoring evaluation research through its "Collection Analysis Project"; two uni- versity libraries have completed studies and others are in progress (Col- lection Analysis). It also published collection description and assess- ments that used largely traditional methodology (ARL 1982b). Also under way is a quantitative study of comparative collection strengths in five ARL libraries using shelflist measurement (Collection Develop- ment). The study is intended to test the broader applicability of the Re- search Libraries Group [RLG] Conspectus. Resource sharing and cooperation have become appealing topics, but are not without problems or critics. One prominent effort, the Research Libraries Group, experienced technical difficulties (Savage l912a, 1982b), but the new president noted that they had been resolved and "other RLG programs in collection development, shared resources, and in . . several subject areas are rapidly maturing and showing results" (RLG Network p.1933). The RLG has assignedprimary col- lecting responsibilities through its "Conspectus," which is presently available online, with a published form planned for 1983. In New York State there is an attempt, funded by a $1.8 million dollar grant, to coor- dinate and improve collection development (Coordinated Develop- ment). A directory of consortium members' subject strengths has been compiled and the decision made to concentrate on serial back files and unique areas of coverage (Coordinated Collection). At the Center for Research Libraries journals published since 1960 accounted for more than one-third (38.7 percent) of circulation, with archival material sec- ond (16.1 percent); pre-1960 back frles were infrequently used (Who). The center also reviewed how $66,000 in acquisitions funding from members was spent (CRL's). The IFLA Conference at Montreal included papers on national and international cooperative collection development and lending plans. IJniversity libraries participating in national cooperative schemes faced difficulties because of local resistance: for some countries two levels of Resources:The Year'sWork /319

STUPYTNC USE AND CONTNOT;-ING GROWTH

freld (Stankus). The Association of American lJniversities issued an important survey that included a summary of the library's role (Rosenzweig). Stimulating papers were given at the ARL's One Hundredth Meeting suggesting ihit n.* deminds will be made oflibrary resources by the exploration of previously ignored topics, the moving frontiers of scholarship, and the 320/ Library ResourcesI TechnicalSeruices . July/September l9g3

collections (Hazen 19B2a). AcqursrrroNs METHoDsAND pnocnounrs Boss* produced , a book describing automated acquisitions procedures that summarized current policies atr-dprospects. A new edition of a stan- q?Td gyide^ to the discount and trad-e policies of publishers appeared (Kim, U.C.). Resources:The Year'sWork /321 proponent of approval plans failed to support with evidence the assertion that they serve institutional goals (Evans). Reduced print runs and the increase in nontrade publications in such frelds as the social sciencesled in a year to a47 percent growth in the number of "elusive books, " those diffrcult to acquire or manage effrciently in an acquisitions department (Cameron). The fact that only 250 of 50,000 documents appear annuaUy in the British National Bibliograpfui is evidence that a large and growing body of literature is escaping most libraries' collecting nets and acquir-

techniques, funding, and cost analysis is available (Genzel). Several authors looked at historical aspectsof collection development, in university libraries in Germany (Kunoff), in the United States (Hamlin 1981), in a Danish women's reading society (Welsch 1982a), and in the British Museum (Weimerskirch); and one article traced the history of a gift collection (Dykeman). Collection development of U.S. and foreign documents was of in- creasing concern to libraries, as government publications proliferated (Hernon 1982a). Depository documents are not free and the cost per use may be high, for a pieliminary analysis of The Social ScienceCitation Index showed thit references to documents constituted less than 1 percent of the citations (Hernon 1982b, 1982c). Robinson* suggestedthat docu- ments librarians should be more selective and view their collections as though they were cooks selecting ingredients to meet the needs of a spe- cihc dish rather than as stamp collectors trying to fill gaps in their al- bums. A "menu" needs to be created based on community analysis and

ther research. Acquisition of foreign materials once again received considerable at- tention. A book on foieign acquisitions, with twenty-three chapters by specialist librarians and book dealers (Samore l992a), descriptions of 322/ Library ResourcesI TechnicalSera;gs . Jub/September1983

had been a 20 percent decreasein receipts, the results of careful monitor- ing of blanket orders and quality control. Prices for books from most countries continued to rise. In a "medium-sized university," Bousfield* emphasized acquiring only foreign materials immediately needed, noted the impacts of infla- tion and reduced buying power, and discussed the faculty's comparative lack of interest in non-English publications. Valentine's* description of acquisitions for small libraries described sources and problems. The diffrculties of acquiring publications from the Third World are, one commentator reluctantly concluded, incapable of solution (Samore 1982b), and inspired a number of authors. A journal published a special issue on the subject (Mulliner, B. K.) and a number of other articles were published. The Seminar on Acquisitions of Latin American Li- brary Materials (SALAM), which in 1981 had issued a third edition of

uate students as personal contacts in the area (Henige), or listed and de- scribed dealers in the field (Britz). Other arricles described publishing and acquisitions (Alemna; Rathgeber). Atiyeh* provided a view of Near Eastern acquisitions from the perspective of the Library of Congress and Maddox* and Weigel from that of a bookdealer while Albin* used a spe- cialized study as an introduction to general problems. An informative article on acquiring books from China and Southeast Asia noted that there have been significant recent procedural changes and provided a

Articles appeared on European collection development from both li- brarians' and bookdealers' viewpoints. Welsch (19S2b) partly revised Resources:The Year'sWork /323 an article published in 198l that summarized techniques and described the impact of inflation on book collecting. Lebo* suggested increased use of auction buying and Bjorklund* described ietrospective buying. Representatives from dealers provided information from their view- points about acquiring materials from Western Europe, particularly how their services work (Blackwell's l992a, 1982b; Dorn, R.). Laska* noted the impact of administrative structures and the resultant rigidity that complicated the acquisition of East European publications. Some of his arguments were deeply felt opposition to some policies in American libraries. General articles describing publishing practices in Norway (Bjerkmann) and Holland (Lottman 1982a) appeared and Dorn pro- vided a useful view of German publishing in a talk to the Western Euro- pean Specialists Section at the ALA meeting in Philadelphia (Dorn, K.). CoNcr,usroNs Even as collection managers cope with financial problems, under- stand and undertake new methods of analysis, and make their libraries more responsive and service oriented, new developments will signifi- cantly affect all of them. As el-ectronic publishing.becomes a,reality-a major survey promised that B0 percent of all scientific and technical journals will be produced electronically (Meadows)-the nature of col- lections will change. The challenge from the director of the National Li- brary of Medicine is clear: Unless libraries begin to supplement their archival collectionsof books and journals with more efficient systemscapable of electronicstorage, retrieval and disseminationof information, only those citizenswho can afford to purchase information will be able to acquire the Ievel of literacy and knowledge necessary to maintain our democraticcivilization (Forecasts,1). How managers respond and what mechanisms they incorporate into an already complicated process will doubtless be a focus of next year's work on resources.

RnrBnBNcns

ACRL. Associationof Collegeand ResearchLibraries. CollegeLibraries Section.Con- tinuing Education Committee . l9Bl. ColleclionDeaelopmentholiciesJor Colhge Libraries. (CLIP Notes 1981,no.2) Chicago:The Association. Agnifrlo, Vincent. 1982. "Freight Pass Through Caper," The UnabashedLibrarian no.42:3-4. Albin, Michael W. 1982. "Acquisition of Conference Proceedingsfrom the Arab World,," LibrarltAcquisitions: Practice and Theory6:201-9. Alemna, A. A. 1982. "Scholarly Publishing in Ghana," ScholarlyPublishing 13 Qan.):p.174-78. "Annual Report of the Librarian of Congress." 1982. AntiqunrianBookman 70 (Oct. 20):p.2755-7 | . Appelbaum, Judith. 1982. "Small Publisher Power. New Perspectiveson the Big Pub- lishing Picture," PublishersWeekly 222 (Sept. 10):p.23-51. Applebaum, Edmond L. l9B2. "Foreign Acquisitions Program of the Library of Con- gress," inAcquisition(see Samore l9&2a), p.15-25. ARL. Association of Research Libraries. 1982a.Approual Plans in ARL Libraries.(SPEC Kit, 83) Washington, D.C.: Systemsand ProceduresExchange Center. 1982b. CollectionDescribtion and Assessmentin ARL Libraries. (SPEC Kit, 87) Washington, D.C.: Systemsand ProceduresExchange Center. 324/ Library Resources€d Technical Seraices. Jult/September 1983

Arthur Andersen & Co. 1982. BookDistribution in the UnitedStates: Issues and Perceptions. New York: Book Industry Study Group. Atiyeh, George N. 1982. "Acquisitions from the Middle East," Library Acquisitions. Practiceand Theory6: 185-94. Auger, Peter, ed. i982. "Availability and Bibliographic Control of Non-Conventional Literature ," Aslib Proceedings34 (Dec.):p.457-505. "Baker & Taylor to Drop Freight-Pass-Through." 1983. LJ/SLJ Hotline 12 (Jan. 10):p.1. Bell, HerbertW. 1982."Freight-Pass-ThroughIsn'ttheAnswer," PublishersWeekly227 (Apr. 9):p.20-22. Biggs, Mary. 1982. "Small Publishing: A Review Article," Library Quarterly52 (Jan.):p.59-65. Bishop, Enid; Chan, Y. S.; and Miller, E. G. 1982. "Recent Australian Experience with China and Southeast Asia," Library Acquisitions;Practice and Theory6:149-60. Bjerkmann, Tor. 1982. "Publishing Schoiarshipin a Small Country [NJrway]," Schal arlyPublishing I 3 (Apr. ):p. 229-34. Bjorklund, Edi. 1982."Acquisition of RetrospectiveMaterials from Bookdealers:A Li- brarian's Viewpoint," in Acquisition(see Samore 1982a),p.B6-91. Blackwell'sStaff. 1982a."Acquisition of Currenl Materials from Europe: A View from Blackwell's, " in Acquisition(see Samore l992a), p. 42-51. 1982b. "Acquisition of RetrospectiveMaterial: A View from Blackwell's," in Acquisition(see Samore 1982a),p.52-58. Bluh, Pamela, and Haines, Virginia C. 1982. "The Exchangeof Publications:An A1- ternative to Acquisitions," in TheSeials Collection:Organization and Administration, ed. by NancyJeanMelin, p.151-57.(Current Issuesin SerialsManagement, no.1) Ann Arbor, Mich.: Pierian Pr. Bob, Murray C. 1982. "The Case for Quality Book Selection," Librarl Journal 107 (Sept.15):p.1707-10. Bommer, Michael R. W., and Chorba, Ronald W. 1982. "The Collection," in their DeeisionMakingJor Library Management,p.29-47 . (Profe ssional Librarian Series)White Plains, N.Y. : Knowledge Industry Publications. Boss, Richard W. 1982. AutomatingLibrary Acquisitions,Issuzs and Outlook.(Professional Librarian Series)White plains. N.y.: Knowledee Industrv publications. Bousfield, Wendy. 1982. "Foreign Acquisitions it WichitJ State: A Medium-Sized ComprehensiveUniversity," in Acquisition(see Samore 1982a),p.92-98. Boyce, Bert R., and Pollens,Janet Sue. 1982. "Citation-Based Impact Measuresand the Bradfordian SelectionCriteria," CollectionManagement 4 (Fall):p.29-36. Boylan, Ray, and Shores,Cecelia L. l9B2. "Collecting RetrospectiveMaterials from Developing Countries: A Cooperative Approach through Microforms," LibraryAc- quisitionsPractice and Theory6:211-19. Brittain, J. M. 1982. "Pitfalis of User Researchand SomeNeglected Areas, " SocialSci- enceInformation Studies 2 (July):p.139-48. Britz, Daniel. 1982.''Some Principal Africana Dealers," LibraryAcquisitions Practice and Theory6:129-35. Calhoun, John C., and Bracken,James K. 1982."Automated Acquisitions and Collec- tion Development in the Knox College Library,'' InformationTechnologt and Libraries 7 (Sept.):p.246-56. Cameron, KennethJ., and Roberts, Michael. 1982. "Desiderata File Maintenance: Purging and its Politics," Journalof Librarianship14 (Apr.):p.123-33. Cason, Maidel; Easterbrook,David L.; and Scheven,Yvette. 1982. "Cooperative Ac- quisition of Africana: Past Performanceand Future Directions," Librarl Acquisitions: Practiceand Theory6:221-32 Casserly,Mary. 1982. CollectionDeaelopment Policy Wayne, N.J. Sarah Byrd Askew Li- brary, William PatersonState College. Clark, Barton M., and Clark, Sharon E. tg*rcZ. "Core Journals in Anthropology: A Review of Methodologies," BehauioralE SocialScienees Librarian 2 (Winter/ Spring):p.95-110. "Collection AnalysisProject." 1982.ARL Newsletterno.110 (Mar. 5):p.15. "Collection Development Task Force Project." 1982. ARL Newsletterno.110 (Mar. 5):p.5. Resources:The Year'sWork /325

Compaine, Benjamin M., ed. 1982. Who Owns the Media? Concentrationof Outnershib in the Mass CommunicationsIndustrlt.2d ed. White Plains, N.Y.: Knowledgilndustry Publi- cations. "cooperativeEffortre GovernmentDocumentsinKentuckv." lgB2. TheAcquisitiaeLi- ,,t::Xl"l!r;tcjr?l.tt.'; DeveropmentMoves Ahead in Newyork.', rcaz.t1tsr1 Hotline7l (May 24\:p.4. 'Coordinated De"elophent in New York." 1982.LJ/SLJ Hotline11 (Feb. l):p.l. york: Coser, Lewis A. 1982. Books; The Cultureand Commireed f"bhthi"g. New Basic Books. cPL. cleveland Public Library. 1982. colhaion DeaelopmzntPolielt for Main Library. Cleveland: The Library. "CRL's Demand Purchaie Program: A Review of the 19B2Fiscal Y ear." 7982. Focuson - theCenterfor Research Libraries 2 (Nov./Dec.):p.1-2. Cronin, Blaise. 1982. "Invisible Colleges and Information Transfer: A Review and commentary with Particular Referenie to the Social Sciences,"/azrnal of Documenta- lraz38 (Sept.):p.212-36. Dahlin, Robert. 1982. "Learning to Live with Thor," Publishersl'l/eekllt 221 (Mar. 5):p.26-29. Danky,JamesP.,andShore,Elliott,eds. lg92.AlternatiueMaterialsinLibrariesMetu- chen, N.J.: ScarecrowPr. Desmarais, Norman. 1982. "Losses in a Theological Library," College{d ResearchLi- braries43 (Sept.) :p. 393-95. Dessauer,JohnP. 1982. "The Usesof Adversity: A Study of the Book Industry in Re- _ cession. . . ," PublishersWeekly222 (Dec. l7):p.32-38. Dole, Wanda V. 1982a."RTSD RS Gifts and Eichanges DiscussionGroup," Library Acquisitions: Practice and Theorl6 :p.241-42. Dole, Wanda V., and Allerton, David. 1982b. "University Collections:A Survey 'heor1 of 6:p.25-32. erman P_ublishingMoving into the l9B0s," ,ibrariesl WesternEuropean Specialists Section

12. "Acquisition of Current Materials from Dolvns,\obe rt B., and B rown, No rm an B . #"q.lfru J ni;f^::"tirt ?;,tJil-:.l., als for U.s. collections: Problemsof Acquisitions," in Acquisition(see samore l9B2a) p.3-14. Dykeman, Amy 1982. "To Look a Gift Horse in the Mouth: The History of the Theo- dore Stanton collection,''rlo urnal of Library History, Philosophyand comparatiueLibrari- anship17 (Fall):p.468-73. Evans, G. Edward. 1982. "Review Essay:Shaping Library collections for the 1980s. -69. _. P9,.I Spyers-Duran, ed.," Co llection Management4 (Fall) : b. 6 1 Finzi, John charles. 1982. "The National Library of Mediiine and the National Agri- culture Library: Acquisitions Policiesand cooperative Acquisitions Efforts," inTc- quisition(see Samore l9B2a), p.26-34. "Forecasts for l9B2 and Beyond." 1982.Information Retrieaal and Library Automation 77 flan.):p.1. "Freight-Pass-Through Update." 1982.LJ/SLJ Hottine77 (Nov.15):p t. Gandert, Slade Richard. 1982. "Protecting Ybur Collection: A Hindbook, Survey, and Guide for the Security of Rare Books, Manuscripts, Archives, and Works of ^ Art,_"_Librarlt and Archiaal Seeurity 4 (Spring/Summer):p.t-1+4. Genzel, Peter, ed. 19Bl . Studiesinihe Intimaional Exchaigeof Publieations.(IFLA Publica- tions, no.lB) Munich: K. G. Saur Gibbs, Donald L. 1982. "The Acquisition of current and RetrospectiveLatin Ameri- ^ can Materials," inAcquisitraz(see Samore l992a), p.142-50. Godden, Irene P.; Fachin, Karen W.; and Smith, Fatricia A., comps. 1982.Coileetion D.eaelopmentand Acquisitions1970-19B0' An Annotated,criticat Bibliograpiy Metuchen, N. T.: ScarecrowPr. Golditein, charles M., and Dick, Richard s. 1982. "Automation support for collec- tion Management and Control," CollectionManagement 4 (Spring/Summer):p.85-94. 326/ Librarl ResourcesI Technical Seraices' Jul2/September1983

Gordon, Martin. 1982. "Periodicals Use at a Small CollegeLibrary, " TheSnials Librar- eaz6 (Summer):p.63-73. Gore, Daniel. t9tli. "Nothing Succeedslike Excess:An Essayon Interlibrary Loan,"

ures," PublishersWeekQ 221 (Mar. l2):p.42-45. t982b. "stafistical Report:'1981 Domestic," PublishersWeek$ 222 (Oct' 1):p.40-41. "Guidelines for the Security of Rare Book, Manuscript, and Other lp-e-cialCollections (Draft II). " 1982. CotlegiI ResearchLibraries Neuts 43 (Mar.):p.90-93. . ,,Guidelines for Two-Yeir College Learning ResourcesProgram (Revised)." 1982. College8 ResearchLibraries News 43 (Jan.):p'5-10 , +5-49. Gutieriez-Witr, Laura, and Gibbs, Donald L. 1982. "Acquiring Latin American Books," LibraryAcquisitions: Practice and Theory6:p.167-75. Hajnal, Feter L isgz. "uNnsco Documents and'Publicationsas ResearchMaterial: A Preliminary Report," inCollection(see Hernon l992a), p.103-1! Hallewell, L.ur.tt.". 1962. Booksin Brizit: A Historyt0f theP;bl;shing Tradt. Metuc}len, NJ.: ScarecrowPr. Hamiin, Arthur T. 1981. The lJniuersityLibrary in the Ilnited States:Its Originsand Deaelop-

more 1982a),p.109-17. Hernon, Pete;, ed. l992a. CollectionDeaelopment and Public Access oJ Gooernment Documents: Proceed*gsoj the First Anntnl Library GouernmentDocuments and Information Conference Westport, Conn. : Meckler. Hernon, Peier, and Purcell, Gary R. 1982b. "Collection Development as Repre_sented through the GPO Automated List of Item Numbers," in collection(see Hernon r992a), p.1 15-34. Clayton A. 1982c. "Government Documents in Social He.tto.r, P"t"r, and Shepherd, 'Social ScienceLiteiature: A Preliminary Report of Citations from the SciencesCita- tion Index,' " tn Collection(see Hernon 1982a),p.135-50' Hitchcock-Morr, Karen A. 1982. "Fiscal Probiemsof the Eighties:An Acquisitions Perspective," LibraryAcquisitions: Prafiice and Theory6:5-12. Ho*es, R. W. 1982..,-lnbiirhing a.rd Libraries in C uba," InternationalLibrary Reuieu 74 fluly):p.317-34. ,,The H,i-ph.iys, K. W. 1982. Principles of the Relationship betwee-n.Nationaland U.rirre.rity Library Collections as a Bisis for a Network,'' Neusletterof theIILA Sectinn of UniaersityLibraries I Othn GeneralResearch Libraries-no-2 fluly ^16):p.[5--21]- ,.IitLA Libiaries Receive NEH Special Initiative Grants." 1982. ARL Nezosletter no.114(Dec. 30):p.4. "Issues in'Book and-serialAcquisitions : Where is All the Money Going?" 1982. Library Acauisitions:Practice and Theory6: l-76. .Job-bers Adding Hidden Chirges to Library Book Bills." 1982. LJ/SLJ Hotline 11 (Sept.20):p.1-4. Kiirr,bavi

Kniskern, Alice L. 1982. "l.ibrary of congressoverseas offrces: Acquisition programs _- in the ThirdWorld," LibraryAcquisitiois: Practiee and Theor26:87-i01. Kg:itig, Dorothy.A. 1982. "Ruslimore at Berkeley: The Synamics of Developing a written collection DevelopmentPolicy statemenl, "7urnaiof AcafumicLibraria-nshipg (Nov.):p.344-50. Kovacic, Mark. 1982. "Acquisition by Gift and Exchange," inAcquisition(see samore 1982a),p.37-41. :ewells-Resource Sharing and Cost Shar- luly):p.132-36. and Acquisitions," in his TheFoundations of rericanLibrarv Assn.p.91-114. )tions by their Use," iollection Management4

'ent Materials from Eastern Europe, " in r{c-

,11 O^f'n News tetter 34 (Feb. 9) :p. 1-2. i{"' Market,'' in Aequisition(see Samore 1982a), p.99-105. Lesnik, Pauline Tina. 1982. "The ResearchLibraries Group's cooperative Acquisi- Program . . -ti9". folSouth Asia," Librarlt Acquisitions:Practice-and Theiry 6:p.233-38. "T ibrary Program_Funding." lg8r, Colhgetd RuearchLibraies Neros43 (Nov.):p.355. Lofquist, william s. 1982. "Book Industry Forecast:some predictions'for the years _ Ahead," AntiquarianBookman 70 (Aug. 9):p.827-32. Lottman, Herbert R. 1982a. "Dutch Plbiishing in Transition, " publisherswukty 222 (Nov. 26):p.20-38. 1982b. "Japan's Imports: Book Rights," PublishersWeek$ 222 (Attg. 20):p.23-41. Lowry, Glenn R. 1982. "A Heuristic collection Loss Rate Determination Methodol- ogy: An Alternative to Shelf-Reading," CollectionManagement 4 (Spring/Sum- mer):p.73-83. "LSCA_Impoundment." 1982. WashingtonNewsletter 34 (Apr. 19):p 2-3; (May l4):p.1-2. Ly-nden, Frederick C. 1982. "Collection Management,,' in The ALA yearbook 7:p.97-100. Maddox, Jane, and Weigel, Felix O. 1982. "Acquisitions from the Middle East: The View from Harrassowitz," Librarl Acquisitions;Practice and Theory6: 195-99. Magrill, \o^se lMary. 1982. "Colliction Development in l917,,i Library Resourcesg _ TechnicalSeraies 26 QulylSept.):p.240-53. Marulli-Koenig, Luciina. 1gti2.'"collection Development for United Nations Docu- ments and Publications," in Collection(see Hernon'1982a). p.85-102. M91Ld9ws,-A.J.1982. "[Review W. 'scientificJournals of] D. King; D. D. McDbnald; and N. K. Roderer. in the united states:Thiir production.Use and Economics.'" - _SocialScience Infonnation Studies 2 (Oct.):p.215-18. Miranda, salvador, 1982. "Library Maierials from Latin America and the caribbean: practice 1.,"!,1"*.t and Approaches in Acquisitions," Library Aequisitions: and Theory 6:177 -84. Jniversitiesand Polytechnics-Possibilities rr.):p.209-l3. Ltof SpecialCollections: Problems of Con- I Sectionof UnioersityLibraies €d OtherGeneral

folliver, Don L. 1982. "Title Overlap: A /y'isconsinSystem Libraries," Collegetd Re- PublicLi- - -brary,,,.LibraryResources I Technicat ser,;:,";fod;:rt#":.ll:9;:tl"ed Morton, By9e, .,Cooperatirre 1nd !9x,J. Randolph. 1982. bollection Development betweenSelective U.S. Depository Libraries," Gouirnmentpublirations Reuiew g (May/ June):p.221-29. Mulliner, Brian Kent, and Lee, Hwa-wei, eds. 1982. "Acquisitions from the Third 32Bl Library ResourcesI Technical Serrl6a5' July/September1983

World: A SpecialIssue . . ," LibraryAcquisitions: Practice and-Theoryt.6:79-238' ,,Library Mulliner, K. ig82. of Congreis Aiquisitions Policies:Synopsis Covering De- veloping Countries, " Librarlt Acquisitions: Practiceand'fheory 6:103-6., ' Nisonger,"ThomasE. 1982. An Annotated Bibliography of ltems_relating_toCollec- tion-Evaluation in Academic Libraries, 1969-1981," Collegetd RuearchLibraries 43 fluly):300-311. Oib".ii, Charles B., and others. l982a. "Changing Scholarship:The Challengeto Li- ' ' braries, in In Seiaiceto Scholarship.-1982,Minutes of theAne Hundredth Meeting of theAssociation of ResearchLibraies May 5-6, Scottsdale,Arizona, p'36-65. Washington, D.C.: The Association. 1982b. "Non-Use and Loser Studiesin Collection Development," Collection Managtment4 (Spring/Summer) :p. 45-53. panofsk"y,tIu"tb. t98I.',Acquiiitionof Africana," LibraryAcquisitions:PracticeandThe- ory6:123-28. pe.fins, David L. 1982. ,,Writing the Collection Development Manual," Collection Management4 (FaI) :p. 3 7-a7. ,.preseiation ionfe.ince Panel Focuseson Libraries and the Year 2000." 1982.LC InJormationBulletin 41 23):p.213-15. fluly,,Sy[ib-us Raribler, Linda K. 1982i Study: Key to a ResponsiveAcademic Library," of Acadzmi e Li brarianship I (July) :p. 15 5- 59. Journal i'Aficani Rithgebei, Eva-Maria. 1982. Acquisition Problems: The View from Both Sid1s,' ' LibrarytAcquisitions: Practice and Theory6:137 -48 . "Research in iibrary Resources." 1952. ETSD Neusletter7 (Sept./Oct' & Nov'/ Dec.):p.58. Richarlson, Ernest C. 1982. "Co-operation in Lending among Collegeand Reference Libraries, " Co lle e tion Marwgement4 (Fall) :p. 49- 60 . "RLG Network Problems OiercomeClaims Interim PresidentBattin." 7982.Library Journal107 (Oct. 15):p.1932-33. R6binson, Wiiliam C.'1^982."Evaluation of the Government DocumentsCollection: A Step-by-StepProcess," GoaemmentPublications Reaieut 9 (Mar./Apr.):p 'J-31-+1' Roe, b.trest. i9}l. Acad.emirs,Librarians, Resource Management and Resource_I!se,'.APrelimi- naryStudlt. (British Library Researchand Development Reports, no.5649) London: The British Library Board. Rom, Christine C. 1082. "Little Magazines in SpecialCollections and Rare Book De-

Metuchen, NJ.: ScarecrowPr. tSeZUl ,.ecq"isition of Materials from Third World Countries for U.S. Li- braries," LibraryAcquisitions: Practice and Theory6:107-12. 'Theft Sanders, Mauricel 19{i2. "Joint Program on in Libraries.' " LC InformationBul- lain 41 (Oct. 22):p.346- 48. Savage,Noelle. t9B2a. "RLIN Plaguedby Downtime, Staff and $$Shortage," Library Journal107 (June 1):p.1027-30. Library 107 (July):p. I 27+-7 6. "WillJournal i 'Evaluating ' Schenc(, iarn 2.198/. and Valuing Gift Materials ,' Librarlt Acquisi- tions, Practiceand Theory6:33-40. Schmiit, Karen A. 198i. "LCS [Library Computer System]and Collection Develop- " Illinois Libraries64 ment, flan.):p.48-50. ''Book Senghas,Dorothy C. , and Wirro,' Ed*ard A. 1982. Allocations: The K-ey-t.o a Pian for Colleition Development," LibraryAcquisitions: Practiee and Tlte.ory6:47-54. Sewell, Philip H. 7981.Resource Shaing, Coiperationand Co-ordinationin Library and InJor' rnationSeraiee. London: Deutsch. Resources:The Year'sWork /329

Shatzkin, Leonard. 1982. In Cold Type OoercomingtheBook CzeszsBoston: Houghton. "Shinn Pleads Guilty in Rare Book Thefts." 1982. Antiquarian Bookman 70 (Aug. 2):p.626-27. "Shock Waves from the Charlie Robinson Syndrome: New York/Tucson/Cleveland. " 1982. LJ/SLJ Hotline 11 (Mar. B):p.1. Slote, StanleyJ. 1982. WeedingLibraryCollections-Il 2ded. Littleton, Colo.: Libraries Unlimited.

for Science Journal Management ," Collection Management 4 (Spring/Sum- mer):p.95-110. Stevens, Jana K. ; Kelley, Jade G. ; and Irons, Richard G. 1982. " Cost-Effectiveness of Soviet Serial Exchanges," Librarl Resources I Technical Seruices 26 (Apr./ June):p.15 1-55.

"Tax Deduction for Manuscript Donations. " 1982. CollegeI ResearchLibraries News 43 (Nov.):p.355. "Taxation-Thor Power Tool IRS Ruling " WashingtonNezr.tsletter 34 (Nov. 8):p.3. Unwin, Stanley, and lJnwin, Philip. 1982. The Truth about Publishing. Bth ed. Cliicago: Academy Chicago.

Welsch, Erwin K. 1982a. "Access to Good and Current Reading: Collection Develop- ment in the Feminine Reading Society in Copenhagen," Library Resourcestd Technical Seraices26 (Apr.{une):p. 136-50. IN MEMORIAM: NEAL L. EDGAR

Susanna Edgar wrote that her husband's last few weeks were busy and productive and that he had just completed the proofs for his new book, AACR2 I Serials: The American View (to be published by Haworth Press this summer). But unfortunately this coura- geous man will not have the pleasure of seeing his publication in print for Neal Edgar died suddenly of a heart attack on April 2, 1983. AACR2 (d Serialsis but one of several publications on bibliogra- phy and serials cataloging that Neal Edgar has written. An enthusi- astic.and interested participant, Neal' s-contributions include also servrce on commlttees in Ohio state and regional library organiza- tions, on the OCLC Serials Advisory Committee, and in RTSD on its Catalog Code Revision Committee, Legislation Committee, and Serials Section Policy and Research Committee, which he chaired in 1974/75. Neal's career, he once told me, began in the radio world as a disc jockey. The radio world's loss was the library profession's gain, when in 1958 he earned an M.S.L.S. from the State University of New York at Albany and became an acquisi- tions librarian there. While a staff member of the University of Michigan Library, he earned an A.M.L.S. in 1964 and a Ph.D. in 1965 from the School of Library Science. Following a year as serials cataloger at LC, he moved to Kent State University Library where he was serving as Associate Curator of Special Collections at the time of his death. Neal Edgar will be remembered not only for his contributions to serials librarianship but even more for his friendli- ness and his indomitable spirit.- ElizabethL. Tate, Editor, LRTS. /33r

Ed-icor, LRTS I14l5 Farmland Drive F,ockvr-I]e,MD 20852

Frorn: SanJord Berman, Head Cataloger, Hmnepin Counlt Library, Minnetonka, Minn. fAl>ridged]-Anne Lipow (Jan./March 1983) claims that an online catalog-by means of keyword searching-will display citations for works con- taining non-LCSH terms like "Chicanas" and "birth defects" in their titles. She further notes "the new wisdom that 99 percent of all non-fiction titles use words that describe the contents of the book," although warning that "just as the authorized heading approach doesn't pick up new terminology, the key- word approach doesn't pull together titles that use obsolete terminology. " Three points: 1. Proper cross-referencing could partially overcome the "new terminol- og'y" synonym problem. For instance, if LCSH provided a "see" reference from "Chicanas" to its active form, MEXICAN AMERICAN WOMEN, and that reference were incorporated into the catalog's authority control system, a "Chicanas" search should automatically produce citations for everything subject-cataloged under MEXICAN AMERICAN WOMEN. Since LCSH doesn't currently supply that link, local institutions wanting such instant access would have to establish it themselves. As it happens, however, "Birth defects, " while arguably a superior heading to ABNORMALITIES, HUMAN, none- theless/oas appear in LCSH as a cross-reference to the inverted form and so . should permit direct access to the relevant citations. Obviously, where cross- references are unavailable or authority control minimal, the mostlikely-to-be- searched terms ought to be the primary subject headings. . . . 2. Not quite "907o of all nonfiction titles" self-describe their contents. For instance, these two works deal wholly or in large part with Chicanas: Rosie: the inaestigationoJ a zarongfuldzath fand] Women of crilis.^lThree other examples cited] The titles reveal little of the subject matter and would prove useless in a "key- word" search. 3. Yes, "assigned subject headings are as essential as ever," but for more reasons than Lipow cites. Moreover, even arsegnedrubrics would be vastly more helpful if the basic vocabulary were at once well cross-referenced and continu- ously expanded and modernized. These works, as examples, all reflect a con- temporary, distinct, and firmly-established concept/movement/practice called "Appropriate technology, " yet they would be lrretrievable in the Daslonline sys- tem because a) LC still hasn't validated nor assigned APPROPRIATE TECH- NOLOGY as a heading, and b) none of the titles include "appropriate technol- ogy" as "keywords" : Small is beautiJul;Tools Jor conaiuialit2[othei examples].

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