DOCSLIB.ORG

Atriplex Halimus, A. Lentiformis, A. Nummularia, Amaranthus Caudatus and Chenopodium Quinoa Willd

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Master’s thesis in Agricultural Development (45 ECTS) Title Morphological and physiological responses of halophytes: Atriplex halimus, A. lentiformis, A. nummularia, Amaranthus caudatus and Chenopodium quinoa Willd. to increasing levels of salinity Author Victoria K. S. Munkager Academic advisor: Sven-Erik Jacobsen Academic co. supervisor: Yaosheng Wang Submitted: 15/01/15 Preface This master’s thesis has been conducted under The Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen (KU) and the International Center for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas (ICARDA) under the program Diversification and Sustainable Intensification of Production Systems (DSIPS) as the finalizing component in achieving my degree as Cand. Scient in Agricultural development. 3 months were spend in Amman, Jordan conducting field work as a mandatory element of a master’s thesis in Agricultural Development. The work was partially funded by scholarships through University of Copenhagen and my supervisor Sven-Erik Jacobsen. The DSIPS program funded the entire field work conducted in Jordan. Images of leaves were processed by Sawsan Hassan at ICARDA to provide estimates of leaf area. The analyses of soil and water were performed by the NCARE laboratory. The remaining data collection and analysis is my original work. Victoria K. S. Munkager 15.01.2015 i Abstract 7 % of the world’s agricultural lands are adversely affected by salinity, a state that makes them less capable of supporting agricultural systems. Assessing growth and physiological mechanisms associated with high tolerance in halophytes may provide useful tools in understanding and breeding for salinity tolerance as well as assisting in providing alternative underutilized candidates for reclamation and remediation of saline soils. This study evaluated the salinity tolerance of five halophytes: Atriplex halimus, A. lentiformis, A. nummularia, Amaranthus caudatus and Chenopodium quinoa Willd. variety titicaca exposed to moderate to severe levels of salinity. 25 days after sowing, seedlings were exposed to 5 different levels of salinity with electrical conductivity values of the saturated paste ranging from 8.7 dS/m to 105.8 dS/m. After approx. eight weeks of salinity exposure growth, plant water relations, water use efficiency, stomatal resistance, chlorophyll content and total leaf Na+ and K+ were measured. None of the five species survived more than 23 days of salinity exposure at the two highest salinity levels. Although significant growth reductions in response to increasing salinity were observed for all species there were clear between-species distinctions to be made pertaining to the degree of salinity stress experienced by the plants and which underlying mechanisms were mostly affected. Amaranth and quinoa were found to be Na+ includers consequently altering the ratio between leaf K+/Na+ and inducing premature leaf senescence due to ionic stress. Contrastingly, all three atriplex species were found to be Na+ excluders indicating that control of Na+ uptake and transport plays an essential role in the salinity tolerance of atriplex. The stomatal resistance was adversely affected in nummularia, amaranth and quinoa and to some extent in halimus and lentiformis indicating that increasing salinity provokes a water conserving strategy in the plants which resulted in either unaltered or improved water status in all of the species. Reductions in chlorophyll content in response to salinity were observed in some but not all of the species and it is hypothesize that in quinoa, a C3, and amaranth, a C3-C4, species chlorophyll content reductions lower the risk of photoinhibition under salinity- induced stomatal-limiting photosynthesis inhibition. Overall it can be concluded the significant differences in plant response, both morphological and physiological, to salinity exists, not only between species, but also within the same species over a salinity exposure gradient of EC: 8.7-26.8 dS/m. ii Resumé 7 % af verdens landbrugsarealer kan karakteriseres som saltholdige. Høje koncentrationer af salte resulterer i en reduktion af jordens overordnede produktivitet grundet et ufavorabelt osmotisk potentiale og høje salt koncentrationer. Ved at undersøge hvordan vækst og underliggende fysiologiske mekanismer påvirkes af at vokse i saltholdige jorde kan man komme tættere på at forstå individuelle arters ydeevne samt hvilke mekanismer der er ansvarlige for salttolerance. Denne forståelse kan være essentiel viden for planteforædling af mere modstandsdygtige arter samt til at klarlægge om arter kan anvendes til at forbedre produktiviteten af saltholdige jorde der ellers ikke kan understøtte væksten af saltsensitive arter. I dette eksperiment blev fem forskellige saltelskende arter udsat for moderat til ekstremt saltholdige jorde. Arterne i forsøget var: Atriplex halimus, A. lentiformis, A. nummularia, Amaranthus caudatus og Chenopodium quinoa Willd. varietet titicaca. 25 dage efter såning blev plantespirerne udsat for fem forskellige grader a saltstress, hvoraf den laveste behandling havde en elektrisk ledningsevne på 8.7 dS/m og den højeste 105.8 dS/m. Efter 8 uger med saltstress blev plantevækst, vandindhold, vandudnyttelseseffektivitet, stomatal konduktans, klorofyl indhold og bladkoncentration af Na+ og K+ målt. Ingen af de fem arter overlevede længere end 23 dage i de to mest saltholdige behandlinger. Plantevæksten blev betydeligt reduceret som et resultat af øget saltstress for alle fem arter, men analyserne afslørede derudover at der er forskel mellem arter i grad af påvirkning samt hvilke fysiologiske parametre der påvirkes mest. Amarant og quinoa viste tydelige tegn på akkumulation af Na+ i deres blade i takt med saltstress, hvilket resulterede i at forholdet mellem K+/Na+ blev reduceret og at individuelle blade viste tegn på tidlig ældning. Derimod var indholdet af Na+ uændret af graden af saltstress hos de tre atriplex arter hvilket indikerer at disse arter har effektive mekanismer til at styre optag og bevægelse af Na+ i planten. Stomatal konduktans var negativt påvirket af salt for nummularia, amarant, quinoa og i mindre grad halimus og lentiformis, hvilket signalerer at saltstress giver planterne incitament til at konservere vand ved at lukke stomata. Effektiviteten af denne mekanisme var tydelig at se på det uændrede eller forbedrede vandindhold i planterne. Indholdet af klorofyl i planternes blade blev kun reduceret i nogle af arter. En mulig hypotese for forholdet mellem kloropfyl og stomatal konduktans er, at quinoa og amarant, som ikke er C4 arter, har en eller flere mekanismer, der regulerer klorofylindholdet i forhold til graden af stomatalbegrænsende fotosynteseinhibering. Overordnet set er det muligt a konkludere at der findes betydelige forskelle mellem de forskellige arters reaktion på saltstress, men at der også hersker forskelle indenfor de individuelle arter i takt med at graden af saltstress stiger fra 8.7 til 26.8 dS/m. iii List of abbreviations C3 Photosynthetic pathway in which the first product of CO2 fixation is a 3-carbon intermediate C4 Photosynthetic pathway in which the first product of CO2 fixation is a 4-carbon intermediate CCAFS Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security CCI Chlorophyll content index CGIAR Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research DAS Days after sowing DAT Days after treatment exposure DSIPS Diversification and Sustainable Intensification of Production Systems DW Dry weight DVCT Digital Vegetation Charting Technique E Transpiration EC Electrical conductivity ECe Electrical conductivity of a saturated paste extract ET Evapotranspiration FW Fresh weight ICARDA International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas NCARE National Center for Agricultural Research and Extension rs Stomatal resistance iv Table of contents Preface ............................................................................................................................................................... i Abstract ............................................................................................................................................................ ii Resumé ............................................................................................................................................................ iii List of abbreviations ....................................................................................................................................... iv 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Salinization, definitions and drivers .................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Plant response to salinity ................................................................................................................... 2 1.2.1 Stomatal resistance .............................................................................................................................. 2 1.2.2 Chlorophyll content ....................................................................................................................... 3 1.2.3 Water use efficiency ...................................................................................................................... 4 1.2.4 Na+ ................................................................................................................................................
Recommended publications
  • Osmolyte Concentrations in Atriplex Halimus L

    Osmolyte Concentrations in Atriplex Halimus L

    Anales de Biología 33: 117-126, 2011 ARTICLE Osmolyte concentrations in Atriplex halimus L. and Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt. adapted to salinity and low temperature (Chenopodiaceae) Miloud Aouissat1, David J. Walker2, Kheiria Hcini3, Moulay Belkhodja4 & Enrique Correal2 1 Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences et des Technologies: Université Dr Tahar Moulay. SAIDA 20000, Algérie. 2 Departamento de Recursos Naturales: Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA), Estación Sericícola, Calle Mayor, s/n, La Alberca, 30150 Murcia, España. 3 Département des Sciences Biologiques, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis 2092 El Manar, Tunisie. 4 Département de Biologie, Laboratoire de Physiologie Végétale, Faculté des Sciences Université d’Oran sénia, Algérie. Resumen Correspondence Concentración de osmolitos en Atriplex halimus L. y Atriplex K. Hcini canescens (Pursh) Nutt. adaptados a salinidad y bajas temperaturas E-mail: [email protected] (Chenopodiaceae) Received: 24 May 2010 En este trabajo hemos investigado los efectos de la tolerancia a la Accepted: 19 September 2011 congelación de Atriplex halimus y Atriplex canescens de diferentes po- Published on-line: 12 December 2011 blaciones de Argelia. La tolerancia al frío se determinó mediante ensa- yos de pérdida de electrolitos en hojas de plantas que crecieron duran- te tres meses en maceta más un mes de aclimatación al frío. Para A. halimus se determinó el efecto que producía el incremento de salini- dad en el suelo sobre la tolerancia al frío, comparando los niveles de cationes y osmolitos orgánicos en hojas de plantas que crecieron en soluciones salinas, con los de plantas que únicamente habían sido aclimatadas al frío.
  • Effect of Cement-Kiln Dust Pollution on the Vegetation in the Western Mediterranean Desert of Egypt

    Effect of Cement-Kiln Dust Pollution on the Vegetation in the Western Mediterranean Desert of Egypt

    World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Environmental and Ecological Engineering Vol:5, No:9, 2011 Effect of Cement-kiln Dust Pollution on The Vegetation in The Western Mediterranean Desert of Egypt Amal, M. Fakhry, and M. M. Migahid Abstract—This study investigated the ecological effects of factories, especially down-wind areas, exhibit elevated pH particulate pollution from a cement factory on the vegetation in the levels which in turn affect vegetation growth, decreasing rates western Mediterranean coastal desert of Egypt. Variations in of photosynthesis, respiration, transpiration and growth rate vegetation, soil chemical characters, and some responses of Atriplex [6], [13], [14]. Dust accumulation from limestone cutting halimus, as a dominant species in the study area, were investigated in some sites located in different directions from the cement factory seriously affects the vegetation composition of some plant between Burg El-Arab in the east and El-Hammam in the west. The communities on Abu-Sir ridge in the western desert of Egypt results showed an obvious decrease in vegetation diversity, in [15].The present study aims at investigating the ecological response to cement-kiln dust pollution, that accompanied by a high effect of cement-kiln dust pollution produced by a cement dominance attributed to the high contribution of Atriplex halimus. factory on the diversity of the surrounding natural vegetation Annual species were found to be more sensitive to cement dust in the Egyptian western Mediterranean region (between Burg pollution as they all failed to persist in highly disturbed sites. It is remarkable that cover and phytomass of Atriplex halimus were El-Arab and El-Hammam), and assessing the responses of increased greatly in response to cement dust pollution, and this was Atriplex halimus, as a dominant species in the study area, to accompanied by a reduction in the mature seeds and leaf-area of the such air pollutant.
  • Tidal Marsh Recovery Plan Habitat Creation Or Enhancement Project Within 5 Miles of OAK

    Tidal Marsh Recovery Plan Habitat Creation Or Enhancement Project Within 5 Miles of OAK

    U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Recovery Plan for Tidal Marsh Ecosystems of Northern and Central California California clapper rail Suaeda californica Cirsium hydrophilum Chloropyron molle Salt marsh harvest mouse (Rallus longirostris (California sea-blite) var. hydrophilum ssp. molle (Reithrodontomys obsoletus) (Suisun thistle) (soft bird’s-beak) raviventris) Volume II Appendices Tidal marsh at China Camp State Park. VII. APPENDICES Appendix A Species referred to in this recovery plan……………....…………………….3 Appendix B Recovery Priority Ranking System for Endangered and Threatened Species..........................................................................................................11 Appendix C Species of Concern or Regional Conservation Significance in Tidal Marsh Ecosystems of Northern and Central California….......................................13 Appendix D Agencies, organizations, and websites involved with tidal marsh Recovery.................................................................................................... 189 Appendix E Environmental contaminants in San Francisco Bay...................................193 Appendix F Population Persistence Modeling for Recovery Plan for Tidal Marsh Ecosystems of Northern and Central California with Intial Application to California clapper rail …............................................................................209 Appendix G Glossary……………......................................................................………229 Appendix H Summary of Major Public Comments and Service
  • National Wetlands Inventory Map Report for Quinault Indian Nation

    National Wetlands Inventory Map Report for Quinault Indian Nation

    National Wetlands Inventory Map Report for Quinault Indian Nation Project ID(s): R01Y19P01: Quinault Indian Nation, fiscal year 2019 Project area The project area (Figure 1) is restricted to the Quinault Indian Nation, bounded by Grays Harbor Co. Jefferson Co. and the Olympic National Park. Appendix A: USGS 7.5-minute Quadrangles: Queets, Salmon River West, Salmon River East, Matheny Ridge, Tunnel Island, O’Took Prairie, Thimble Mountain, Lake Quinault West, Lake Quinault East, Taholah, Shale Slough, Macafee Hill, Stevens Creek, Moclips, Carlisle. • < 0. Figure 1. QIN NWI+ 2019 project area (red outline). Source Imagery: Citation: For all quads listed above: See Appendix A Citation Information: Originator: USDA-FSA-APFO Aerial Photography Field Office Publication Date: 2017 Publication place: Salt Lake City, Utah Title: Digital Orthoimagery Series of Washington Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data Other_Citation_Details: 1-meter and 1-foot, Natural Color and NIR-False Color Collateral Data: . USGS 1:24,000 topographic quadrangles . USGS – NHD – National Hydrography Dataset . USGS Topographic maps, 2013 . QIN LiDAR DEM (3 meter) and synthetic stream layer, 2015 . Previous National Wetlands Inventories for the project area . Soil Surveys, All Hydric Soils: Weyerhaeuser soil survey 1976, NRCS soil survey 2013 . QIN WET tables, field photos, and site descriptions, 2016 to 2019, Janice Martin, and Greg Eide Inventory Method: Wetland identification and interpretation was done “heads-up” using ArcMap versions 10.6.1. US Fish & Wildlife Service (USFWS) National Wetlands Inventory (NWI) mapping contractors in Portland, Oregon completed the original aerial photo interpretation and wetland mapping. Primary authors: Nicholas Jones of SWCA Environmental Consulting. 100% Quality Control (QC) during the NWI mapping was provided by Michael Holscher of SWCA Environmental Consulting.
  • The Tolerance of Atriplex Halimus L. to Environmental Stresses

    The Tolerance of Atriplex Halimus L. to Environmental Stresses

    Emir. J. Food Agric. 2014. 26 (12): 1081-1090 doi: 10.9755/ejfa.v26i12.19116 http://www.ejfa.info/ REVIEW ARTICLE The tolerance of Atriplex halimus L. to environmental stresses David J. Walker1* and Stanley Lutts2 1Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agricola y Alimentario, Calle Mayor s/n, La Alberca, 30150 Murcia, Spain 2Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie végétale (GRPV), Earth and Life Institute – Agronomy, ELIA – Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du sud 4-5 bte L7.07.13 à 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium Abstract Atriplex halimus L. (Amaranthaceae) (Mediterranean Saltbush) is a perennial, halophytic shrub that possesses the C4 photosynthetic anatomy and physiology. It grows under semi-arid and arid conditions (annual rainfall < 600 mm) from Macaronesia, through the Mediterranean basin countries and into western Asia, being particularly common on saline and degraded soils. Many studies have shed light on the physiological and biochemical mechanisms that, together with the morphological and anatomical features of this species, contribute to its notable tolerance of important abiotic stresses: salinity, drought, extreme temperatures and soil contamination by trace elements. These will be discussed here, highlighting their shared and distinct features. Certain processes are common to two or more stress responses: for example, vacuolar accumulation of sodium and the cytoplasmic accumulation of compatible osmolytes - part of the process of osmotic adjustment - are vital components of the adaptation to drought, salinity and cold. Others, such as oxalate accumulation upon trace elements exposure, seem to be stress-specific, while leaf surface vesiculated hairs (trichomes) and abscisic acid have distinct functions according to the stress.
  • WOOD ANATOMY of CHENOPODIACEAE (AMARANTHACEAE S

    WOOD ANATOMY of CHENOPODIACEAE (AMARANTHACEAE S

    IAWA Journal, Vol. 33 (2), 2012: 205–232 WOOD ANATOMY OF CHENOPODIACEAE (AMARANTHACEAE s. l.) Heike Heklau1, Peter Gasson2, Fritz Schweingruber3 and Pieter Baas4 SUMMARY The wood anatomy of the Chenopodiaceae is distinctive and fairly uni- form. The secondary xylem is characterised by relatively narrow vessels (<100 µm) with mostly minute pits (<4 µm), and extremely narrow ves- sels (<10 µm intergrading with vascular tracheids in addition to “normal” vessels), short vessel elements (<270 µm), successive cambia, included phloem, thick-walled or very thick-walled fibres, which are short (<470 µm), and abundant calcium oxalate crystals. Rays are mainly observed in the tribes Atripliceae, Beteae, Camphorosmeae, Chenopodieae, Hab- litzieae and Salsoleae, while many Chenopodiaceae are rayless. The Chenopodiaceae differ from the more tropical and subtropical Amaran- thaceae s.str. especially in their shorter libriform fibres and narrower vessels. Contrary to the accepted view that the subfamily Polycnemoideae lacks anomalous thickening, we found irregular successive cambia and included phloem. They are limited to long-lived roots and stem borne roots of perennials (Nitrophila mohavensis) and to a hemicryptophyte (Polycnemum fontanesii). The Chenopodiaceae often grow in extreme habitats, and this is reflected by their wood anatomy. Among the annual species, halophytes have narrower vessels than xeric species of steppes and prairies, and than species of nitrophile ruderal sites. Key words: Chenopodiaceae, Amaranthaceae s.l., included phloem, suc- cessive cambia, anomalous secondary thickening, vessel diameter, vessel element length, ecological adaptations, xerophytes, halophytes. INTRODUCTION The Chenopodiaceae in the order Caryophyllales include annual or perennial herbs, sub- shrubs, shrubs, small trees (Haloxylon ammodendron, Suaeda monoica) and climbers (Hablitzia, Holmbergia).
  • The Impacts of Atriplex Plantation from the Viewpoint of Stockholders

    The Impacts of Atriplex Plantation from the Viewpoint of Stockholders

    H. Niknahad-Gharmakher & A. Sharifiyan-Bahraman / Environmental Resources Research 5, 1 (2017) 89 Environmental Resources Research Vol. 5, No. 1, 2017 GUASNR The impacts of Atriplex plantation from the viewpoint of stockholders H. Niknahad-Gharmakher*1, A. Sharifiyan-Bahraman2 1Assistant Professor, Department of Rangeland Management, College of Rangeland and Watershed Managemet, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran 2Ph.D. Student, Department of Rangeland Management, College of Rangeland and Watershed Managemet, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran Received: March 2016 ; Accepted: February 2017 Abstract1 Atriplex spp. (Atriplex canescens, A. lentiformis and A. halimus) plantation has been extensively used in order to reclaim rangeland in Iran in the past decades. However, the impacts of this technique has been a controversial issue and due to its increasing adoption, it is important to investigate its impacts in reclamation of degraded rangelands. The aim of this study was to investigate the viewpoints of stockholders in two winter rangelands in Golestan Province. First, the investigation factors were determined and then, using content analysis method, a questionnaire containing quintuple Likert, nominal and ordinal scale items as well as some open items was prepared and completed by stockholders. The number of samples was determined by Cochran formula. Data were analyzed through SPSS using descriptive statistics and Mann-Whitney test. The results revealed that the rangelands, livestock and forage production of Atriplex spp. play important roles in the life and livelihood of stockholders of both studied areas. Considering all investigated items, in majority of cases the desirable effects of Atriplex spp.
  • Ethnobotanical Study on Plant Used by Semi-Nomad Descendants’ Community in Ouled Dabbeb—Southern Tunisia

    Ethnobotanical Study on Plant Used by Semi-Nomad Descendants’ Community in Ouled Dabbeb—Southern Tunisia

    plants Article Ethnobotanical Study on Plant Used by Semi-Nomad Descendants’ Community in Ouled Dabbeb—Southern Tunisia Olfa Karous 1,2,* , Imtinen Ben Haj Jilani 1,2 and Zeineb Ghrabi-Gammar 1,2 1 Institut National Agronomique de Tunisie (INAT), Département Agronoime et Biotechnologie Végétale, Université de Carthage, 43 Avenue Charles Nicolle, 1082 Cité Mahrajène, Tunisia; [email protected] (I.B.H.J.); [email protected] (Z.G.-G.) 2 Faculté des Lettres, Université de Manouba, des Arts et des Humanités de la Manouba, LR 18ES13 Biogéographie, Climatologie Appliquée et Dynamiques Environnementales (BiCADE), 2010 Manouba, Tunisia * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Thanks to its geographic location between two bioclimatic belts (arid and Saharan) and the ancestral nomadic roots of its inhabitants, the sector of Ouled Dabbeb (Southern Tunisia) represents a rich source of plant biodiversity and wide ranging of ethnobotanical knowledge. This work aims to (1) explore and compile the unique diversity of floristic and ethnobotanical information on different folk use of plants in this sector and (2) provide a novel insight into the degree of knowledge transmission between the current population and their semi-nomadic forefathers. Ethnobotanical interviews and vegetation inventories were undertaken during 2014–2019. Thirty informants aged from 27 to 84 were interviewed. The ethnobotanical study revealed that the local community of Ouled Dabbeb perceived the use of 70 plant species belonging to 59 genera from 31 families for therapeutic (83%), food (49%), domestic (15%), ethnoveterinary (12%), cosmetic (5%), and ritual purposes (3%). Moreover, they were knowledgeable about the toxicity of eight taxa. Nearly 73% of reported ethnospecies were freely gathered from the wild.
  • Shrub Transplanting for Range Improvement in Iran

    Shrub Transplanting for Range Improvement in Iran

    Shrub Transplanting for Range Improvement in Iran NASSER NEMATI Highlight: Of three saltbushes tested under the harsh environ- ducted to obtain some information about methods of producing ment of the Central Plateau of Iran, fourwing salthush (Atriplex planting stock of Atriplex canescens, Atriplex lentiformis, and cunescens) was the most adapted. Transplanting in October and Atriplex halimus and methods of transplanting nursery grown November when transplants were about 20 to 30 cm high was the plants to the field, comparative cost, relationship of transplant most promising practice. Although the cost of transplanting when height to percent survival, and productivity analysis. compared with other revegetation practices is high, the chances of success are also high, and production per hectare can be increased at least three-fold within a 4-year period. Study Areas Studies were made on three sites in the steppic zone of the Central In the United States and Australia, saltbushes (Atriplex spp.) Province of Iran. Descriptive data for the three sites are presented in are important sources of winter forage for livestock andwildlife. Table 1. Through the years various species of saltbushes have been During the spring growing season, much of the precipitation falls as seeded numerous times by ranchers and public agencies. It has light showers that are not effective for plant growth or as high intensity been amply demonstrated that establishment of shrubby species storms from which the moisture is lost by run-off from the poorly by direct seeding is full of uncertainties. This is specially true in vegetated slopes. High winds of several days duration are common.
  • Germination of Atriplex Halimuslinnaeus, 1753

    Germination of Atriplex Halimuslinnaeus, 1753

    Biodiversity Journal , 2015, 6 (2): 663-668 Germination of Atriplex halimus Linnaeus, 1753 (Caryophyllales Chenopodiaceae) in North West Algeria Kerzabi Rachida, Abdessamad Merzouk *, Stambouli-Meziane Hassiba & Benabadji Noury Laboratory of ecology and management of natural ecosystems, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Université Abou Bekr Belkaid Tlemcen, BP 119, 13000, Algeria *Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT In arid and semi-arid ambients, soil salinity is a constraint for the development of plants and a threat for balanced diet. Current data in the Mediterranean basin report up to 16 million hectares of salt soil, 3.2 million of which in Algeria. Germination in vitro of seeds of Atriplex halimus Linnaeus, 1753 (Caryophyllales Chenopodiaceae) in both synthetic media (nutrient agar, and Mueller Hinton) reached rates of 80% at 25 °C and 50% at 5 °C. The taxon shows a good resistance to salt; because of high salinity treatments (500 to 600 meq/l), there is a delay in germination but not complete inhibition of the process. KEY WORDS Atriplex halimus ; germination, salinity; North West Algeria. Received 01.06.2015; accepted 24.06.2015; printed 30.06.2015 INTRODUCTION vior under various environments conditions . If some works have addressed the germination pro - From the physiological point of view, germina - cess of Atriplex halimus Linnaeus, 1753 (Caryo - tion is a process that translates the passage of the phyllales Chenopodiaceae) (Belkhodja & Bidai, slow life of a seed to active life in the optimum 2004), however little work has been done on the conditions for germination. Several Authors (Côme, rootlets in synthetic culture media.
  • Muddy River Botanical Inventory, Mapping, and Weed Treatment

    Muddy River Botanical Inventory, Mapping, and Weed Treatment

    Muddy River Botanical Inventory, Mapping, and Weed Treatment January 2012 For Clark County Desert Conservation Program (DCP) Cover Photos (Clockwise from top left): Lake Mead Exotic Plant Management Team (EPMT) treating exotic plant species on the Clark County Muddy River Reserve. Using GPS to record an Acroptilon repens (Russian Knapweed) population. The landscape in Unit E varied from riparian, to open disturbed meadow and upland slopes. The vegetation cover class also changed along with landscape. This is represented in within the report. Sphaeralcea angustifolia (copper globemallow) was commonly found in the disturbed open areas of Units A, and C. In Units E and F, S. angustifolia was found growing in the low lying areas amongst other native species. Agency Organization: National Park Service- Lake Mead National Recreation Area Project Number: 2005-NPS-561N Project Contact and Information: Curt Deuser Supervisory Ecologist/Liaison Lake Mead Exotic Plant Management Team National Park Service 601 Nevada Way Boulder City, NV 89005 702-293-8979 [email protected] THIS PAGE IS INTENTIONALLY BLANK Table of Contents: Overview ....................................................................................................................................................... 1 Inventoried Exotic Species ............................................................................................................................ 1 Treatments and Herbicide ...........................................................................................................................
  • Urtica Dioica, an Emerauld in the Medical Kingdom

    Urtica Dioica, an Emerauld in the Medical Kingdom

    IBBJ Winter 2016, Vol 2, No 1 Review Article Urtica Dioica, An Emerauld in the Medical Kingdom Sadegh Fattahi1, 2, Monireh Golpour2, Haleh Akhavan-Niaki1, 3* 1. North Research Center-Pasteur Institute of Iran, Amol, Iran. 2. Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran. 3. Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran. Submitted 23 Jul 2016; Accepted 10 Aug 2016; Published 21 Sep 2016 Urtica dioica is a perennial plant used as herbal medicine due to its many pharmacological and clinical effects. Because of its antioxidant activity, it is widely used in traditional diabetes treatment but is also known as antimicrobial, anti inflammatory or anti prostate cancer agent. Extensive studies have been conducted on different parts of this plant and their biological effects. Here we reviewed the effect of different parts of this plant including leave, seed, root and aerial part extracted with various methods in treatment of diseases. Various beneficial effects were reported on animal models without apparent side effects, which led us to consider it as an emerald to be more deeply discovered in the kingdom of health. Keywords: Urtica dioica, diabetes, cancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory n traditional medicine, plants and herbs are polyphenols and cardiac glycosides are present in Downloaded from ibbj.org at 1:50 +0330 on Tuesday September 28th 2021 I widely used in treatment of the disease for their the leaves of Urtica dioica (2). The investigation of benefits such as having low side effects, being polyphenolic acids in male and female forms of natural sources with low cost.