C o n t r i b u t o r s

Rachel Adams is professor of English and Comparative Literature at Columbia University, USA. She specializes in the literatures of the United States and the Americas, disability studies and health humanities, theories of transnational- ism and globalization, media studies, and theories of race, gender, and sexual- ity. Her most recent book is Raising Henry: A Memoir of Motherhood, Disability, and Discovery (2013). She is also the author of Continental Divides: Remapping the Cultures of North America (2009) and Sideshow U.S.A.: Freaks and the American Cultural Imagination (2001) and the coeditor of a special issue of Comparative American Literature on “Canada and the Americas.” Her articles have appeared in journals such as American Literature, American Literary History, American Quarterly, Signs, Yale Journal of Criticism, and Twentieth-Century Literature. She has also written for The New York Times , Salon , The Times of London , and The Chronicle of Higher Education , and she blogs regularly for the Huffington Post . See also http://english.columbia.edu/people/profile/369.

Mita Banerjee is professor of American Studies at the University of Mainz, Germany. Her research interests include postcolonial literature ( The Chutneyfication of History: Salman Rushdie, Michael Ondaatje, Bharati Mukherjee and the Postcolonial Debate , 2002), ethnic American literature ( Race-ing the Century , 2005), and the American Renaissance ( Ethnic Ventriloquism: Literary Minstrelsy in Nineteenth-Century American Literature , 2008). She has edited the collection Virtually American? Denationalizing North American Studies (2009). Banerjee is director of the Center for Comparative Indigenous Studies at the University of Mainz. She has just completed working on a project that explores the intersection between naturalism and naturalization in nineteenth-century American fiction. See also http://www.amerikanistik.uni-mainz.de/254.php.

Georgiana Banita is assistant professor of Literature and Media Studies at the University of Bamberg in Germany and an honorary research fellow at the United States Studies Centre, University of Sydney. Her monograph Plotting Justice: Narrative Ethics and Literary Culture after 9/11 , which proposes an ethical approach to post-9/11 literature, was published in 2012. Banita is most inter- ested in issues regarding contemporary North American writing especially after 9/11, globalization, energy cultures and oil fictions, economic and politi- cal approaches in American and Canadian Studies, war, ethics, human rights, and American visual culture (film and photography). Her work has appeared among others in Textual Practice , LIT: Literature Interpretation Theory , Biography ,

337 338 Contributors and Critique . She is currently completing her second monograph, a transna- tional literary history of the North American oil industry. See also http://www. uni-bamberg.de/germ-lit-medien/personen/dr-phil-georgiana-banita/.

Julia Breitbach is a literary scholar working at the University of Konstanz, Germany. Her monograph Analog Fictions for the Digital Age: Literary Realism and Photographic Discourses in Novels after 2000 , which deals with the role of photographic discourses in contemporary literature from the United States, Canada, and Great Britain, was published in 2012. Breitbach has coedited an interdisciplinary special issue of Zeitschrift für Anglistik und Amerikanistik titled “Crossroads: Canadian Cultural Intersections/Carrefours: Intersections Culturelles au Canada” and published articles and book chapters on photog- raphy and materiality studies, Margaret Atwood’s poetry, the Canadian mod- ernist short story, contemporary city fiction by Canadian women writers, and Raymond Carver’s short story oeuvre.

Jutta Ernst, professor and chair of American Studies at the University of Mainz, Germany, is the author of Edgar Allan Poe und die Poetik des Arabesken (1996) as well as coeditor of “Je vous écris, en hâte et fiévreusement”: Felix Paul Greve—André Gide. Korrespondenz und Dokumentation (1999) and The Canadian Mosaic in the Age of Transnationalism (2010). She has published on contempo- rary American poetry, literary journalism, genre theory, and the translation and mediation of literature. Her most recent work includes articles on Native American cultures and she is working on a book-length study on the making of literary modernism. See also http://www.fb06.uni-mainz.de/amerikanistik /50.php.

Florian Freitag is assistant professor of American Studies at the University of Mainz, Germany. His monograph The Farm Novel in North America: Genre and Nation in the United States, English Canada, and French Canada, 1845–1945 was published in 2013. Freitag has coedited an interdisciplinary special issue of Zeitschrift für Anglistik und Amerikanistik and is currently coediting a collection on transcultural dynamics as well as a special issue of the European Journal of American Studies on transnational approaches to North American regionalism. His work has also appeared in Amerikastudien/American Studies , American Literary Naturalism , Zeitschrift für Kanada-Studien , and Canadian Literature . Freitag is currently working on his second monograph, which will examine representa- tions of New Orleans in various media from the nineteenth to the twenty-first century. See also http://www.fb06.uni-mainz.de/amerikanistik/56.php.

Monika Giacoppe is associate professor of Comparative World Literature at Ramapo College of New Jersey, USA. Her primary research interests lie in the Contributors 339 fields of the literatures of the Americas as well as Francophone literatures. Giacoppe has published several articles and book chapters on translation studies and the literatures of the Americas, most recently “‘Lucky to Be So Bilingual’: Québécois and Chicano/a Literatures in a Comparative Context” (reprinted in Canada and Its Americas 2010). With Christiane Makward, she is currently translating Moi, Jeanne Castille de Louisiane, the autobiography of a fervent advocate for the French language and Acadian heritage in Louisiana.

Eva Gruber is assistant professor (tenured) of North American Studies at the University of Konstanz, Germany. Her research interests include Native North American literatures and film, conceptualizations of “race” in twentieth- and twenty-first-century American literature, and the field of literature and terror- ism. In addition to publishing a monograph, Humor in Native North American Literature: Reimagining Nativeness (2008), she coedited Literature and Terrorism: Comparative Perspectives (2012) and edited Thomas King: Works and Impact (2012). She has published several articles and book chapters on Native writing and film in the United States and Canada, on the politics of translation, on space in Caribbean-Canadian writing, and on racial identities in contempo- rary American fiction. She is currently working on a monograph titled “The Realities of Race: Black and White in the American Novel after 2000.” See also http://www.litwiss.uni-konstanz.de/fachgruppen/anglistikamerikanistik.

Christina Kannenberg completed her BA with High Distinction at the University of Toronto in 2003, including a year spent studying at Université Laval in Quebec City on a C. D. Howe scholarship. After working and travel- ing in Quebec and around Europe she settled in Konstanz, Germany, where she completed her MA in 2010. For her Master’s thesis, titled “‘The Winter Is Killing Me’: English-Canadian and Québécois Short Stories on the North,” she received the VEUK Prize for one of the best MA exams of the year in the humanities at the University of Konstanz in 2010 as well as a DAAD award as an outstanding foreign student. Kannenberg is completing her PhD disserta- tion at the University of Konstanz in the field of comparative English Canadian and Québécois urban fiction on a Brigitte Schlieben-Lange scholarship from the government of Baden-Württemberg. Her first article, titled “The North Comes South: Seasonal Nordicity in Montreal in the Short Stories of Monique Proulx and Clark Blaise,” was published in an interdisciplinary special issue of Zeitschrift für Anglistik und Amerikanistik.

Jean Morency is professor of French Canadian Literature at the University of Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada. Morency’s main fields of interest lie in the literary relations between Quebec and the United States as well as the “améri- canité” of francophone Canadian literatures. He has published several articles, 340 Contributors book chapters, and books on the role of American myths in North American literatures ( Le mythe américain dans les fictions d’Amérique, de Washington Irving à Jacques Poulin , 1994; La littérature québécoise dans le contexte américain, 2012), the relevance and impact of American literature in Quebec and Acadia (“L’américanité et l’américanisation du roman québécois: réflexions conceptu- elles et perspectives littéraires,” 2005; “Les visages multiples de l’américanité en Acadie,” 2006), and francophone North American literatures (coed., Des cultures en contact: Visions de l’Amérique du Nord francophone , 2005; Romans de la route et voyages identitaires, 2007). See also http://web.umoncton.ca/umcm-crcl/ Chaire/CV-Jean_Morency.html.

Reingard M. Nischik is professor and chair of American Literature at the University of Konstanz in Germany. She is the author or editor of some twenty- five books as well as numerous articles and book chapters on Canadian, American, and Comparative Literature, and was one of the very first scholars in Europe to use a comparative approach to Canada and the United States in her teaching and research. Nischik has twice been the recipient of the Best Book Award of the Margaret Atwood Society, for Margaret Atwood: Works and Impact (2000) and for Engendering Genre: The Works of Margaret Atwood (2009), which was also nominated for the Lowell Prize and the Gabrielle Roy Prize. Her other books include History of Literature in Canada: English-Canadian and French- Canadian (2008), The Canadian Short Story: Interpretations (2007, pb. 2010), and New York Fiction (2000). See also www.litwiss.uni-konstanz.de/nischik.

Caroline Rosenthal is professor and chair of American Literature at the University of Jena in Germany. She has published in the field of Canadian literature, literary theory, and culture, as well as on American Romanticism, Gender Studies, and on questions of ideology and canon formation. Several of her publications draw on a comparative North American approach that interrelates literary texts and contexts as well as sociocultural aspects of the United States and Canada. She is the author of New York and Toronto Novels after Postmodernism: Explorations of the Urban (2011) and Narrative Deconstructions of Gender in Works by Audrey Thomas, Daphne Marlatt, and Louise Erdrich (2003), and the coeditor of various essay collections, among them Fake Identity? The Impostor Narrative in North American Culture (2014) and Space and Gender: Spaces of Difference in Canadian Women’s Writing (2009). See also http://www.anglistik. uni-jena.de/personen/caroline-rosenthal/.

Claudia Sadowski-Smith is associate professor of English at Arizona State University, USA. She is the author of Border Fictions: Globalization, Empire, and Writing at the Boundaries of the United States (2008) and the editor of Globalization on the Line: Culture, Capital, and Citizenship at U.S. Borders (2002). In addition, Contributors 341

Sadowski-Smith has edited a special issue of Comparative American Literature on comparative border studies and published articles on immigration, border theory, literatures of the US-Mexico border, and the internationalization of American Studies in such journals as American Quarterly, South Atlantic Quarterly, Comparative American Studies, Arizona Quarterly , and Diaspora. See also https:// webapp4.asu.edu/directory/person/733682.

Katja Sarkowsky is professor and chair of American Studies at the University of Münster, Germany. She has widely published on cultural theory as well as on Native American/First Nations literatures and ethnic writing in Canada and the United States. She is particularly interested in approaches that com- pare Canada, the United States, and European societies and cultures. Her book publications include the monograph AlterNative Spaces: Constructions of Space in Contemporary Native American and First Nations Literatures (2007) and Travelling Concepts: Negotiating Diversity in Canada and Europe (coed., 2010). See also http://www.uni-muenster.de/EnglishDepartment/Staff/Sarkowsky/index. shtml.

Sabine Sielke is professor and chair of North American Literature and Culture, director of the North American Studies Program and German-Canadian Centre, as well as spokesperson of the Cultural Studies Centre at the University of Bonn, Germany. Her book publications include Reading Rape (2002) and Fashioning the Female Subject (1997). Sielke is editor of the book series Transcription: Cultures— Concepts—Controversies (Peter Lang) and has coedited, among other essay col- lections, Orient and Orientalism in US-American Poetry and Poetics (2009), Making America: The Cultural Work of Literature (2000) as well as Engendering Manhood: Constructions of Masculinity in American Culture (Special Issue of Amerikastudien/ American Studies 1998). She is currently working on projects at the crossroads of cultural studies and the sciences. See also http://www.nap-uni-bonn.de /facultystaff/faculty/sabinesielke/index.php.

Marie Vautier is professor of Comparative Canadian/Québécois Literature and Contemporary Literary Theory at the University of Victoria, BC, Canada. She sits on the Advisory Boards for Canadian Literature and Studies in Canadian Literature, and is the author of New World Myth: Postmodernism and Postcolonialism in Canadian Fiction (1998), the coauthor of Art as an Early-Warning System (2000), and the cotranslator of the poetry anthology Paris/Québec (2003). She has pub- lished many refereed articles and refereed book chapters on the contemporary literatures of French-speaking Quebec and English-speaking Canada, with a focus on postmodernism, postcolonialism, feminism, transculturality, migrant writing, mythologies, and spiritualities. See also http://www.uvic.ca/humanities /french/faculty-staff/faculty/marie-vautier/index.php. 342 Contributors

Lorraine York is professor and Senator William McMaster chair in Canadian Literature and Culture at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. She has published books on women’s collaborative writing, Timothy Findley, photography in Canadian fiction, and has edited or coedited books on Margaret Atwood and Early Canadian literary culture. Her book Literary Celebrity in Canada (2007) was a finalist for the Canadian Federation for the Humanities’ Raymond Klibansky Prize for the best Canadian book published in the human- ities. Another book of hers on the Margaret Atwood “industry” was published by the University of Toronto Press in 2013. See also http://www.humanities. mcmaster.ca/~english/Faculty/York.html. W o r k s C i t e d

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Index

9/11, 24, 33, 42, 52–3, 186–7, 191, 193–4, 154, 156, 159, 160, 165, 169, 173, 175, 252, 280, 313, 322, 325–6, 328 181, 237, 240–2, 259, 317 49th Parallel, 193, 211–13, 233, 274, 317 see also United States of America see also border/s American culture. See culture American Dream, 7, 240, 242, 252, 283 Aboriginal/Aboriginal literature. American exceptionalism. See Indigeneity/Indigenous See exceptionalism Acadia/n, 9, 23, 152, 165, 166, 168, 171–6, American hemisphere. 178, 181 See hemisphere/hemispheric Acadian identity, 172–5, 181 see also continents Acadian Studies, 9 American literature, 3, 6, 9, 14, 23–5, 110, Adams, Gleason R. W., 170 130, 149–63, 167, 187–91, 199, 202, works by: Les Cenelles: A Collection of 204, 206, 208, 211, 240–2, 245, 247, Poems by Creole Writers of the Early 252–3, 267, 277, 305, 314–15, 317–19, Nineteenth Century, 170 332 Adams, Rachel, 6, 9, 21, 33–45, 130, 167, see also Comparative North American 318, 325 Literature works by: Continental Divides, 318 American Renaissance/American Adorno, Theodor W., 325 Romanticism, 153, 169, 170 aestheticism, 243–4, 247, 257, 270, 322 American Revolution, 68, 300 Afghanistan, 26, 313, 325–32 see also war: American War of Africa/n, 11, 37, 73, 80, 166, 168, 181, 251, Independence 323–4 American Studies, 3, 4–5, 9, 10–12, 17–20, African Americans, 22, 49, 50–5, 62, 22, 27, 35, 44, 97, 124, 165, 281 68–9, 72–6, 79, 106, 107, 208, 251–2, transnational American Studies, 9, 42, 273 314–15, 322 African American literature, 50, 74–6, américanité, 8, 23, 155 170, 251, 262, 308, 310 see also Americanness African Canadians, 22, 59–60, 65–6, Americanization, 150, 151, 154, 162, 163 72–5, 79–80 Americanness, 8, 149, 155, 158, 160, 162, African Canadian literature, 69, 75–80 163, 175, 208, 317, 329 see also Caribbean Canadian see also américanité Afrocentrism/Afrocentric, 79–80 Americas, the, 4, 9, 11, 13, 36, 37, 39, 44, Agriculturalism, 206 130, 143, 165, 172 Aguirre, Carmen, 311 Amerindian. See Indigeneity/Indigenous works by: Something Fierce, 311 Anderson, Benedict, 16, 36 Akiwenzie-Damm, Kateri, 98, 99 works by: Imagined Communities, 16 Aldington, Richard, 259 Anderson, Kay, 111–14 Alexie, Sherman, 94, 100 Anderson, Margaret, 262 works by: The Absolutely True Anderson, Patrick, 268 Diary of a Part-Time Indian, 94, 100 Anderson, Sherwood, 208 Alexis, André, 75 Angelou, Maya, 308 Alurista, 187 Anglo-America, 42, 150, 174, 177 works by: “El Plan Espiritual,” 187 anglocentrism, 139 America/American, 4–5, 7, 8, 12, 18–19, Anglo-Globalism, 13 21, 37, 38, 39, 44, 65, 71, 73, 149, 150, Anglophone. See English language/English

393 394 Index anticentrism, 214–16 “Survivalwoman and the Canadian Anzaldúa, Gloria, 23, 165, 166, 174, 175, Dream,” 288; “Survivalwoman 180, 181, 188, 189 Meets Amphibianwoman,” 288–9; works by: Borderlands/La Frontera, 165, “Survivalwoman Meets Superham,” 174, 175, 180, 181, 188 288 Appadurai, Arjun, 13, 321 Aubert de Gaspé, Philippe, fils, 132, 152, works by: Modernity at Large: Cultural 153 Dimensions of Globalization, 13, 321 works by: L’influence d’un livre, 132, 152 Apter, Emily, 305, 328, 329 Aubert de Gaspé, Philippe-Joseph, père, works by: The Translation Zone, 328, 329 132 Arabs, 60, 106, 107 works by: Les Anciens Canadiens, 132 Arac, Jonathan, 13, 20 Auden, W. H., 267 Aragon, Louis, 160 Auster, Paul, 246, 280 Archambault, Gilles, 161 works by: City of Glass, 246; New York works by: Le voyageur distrait, 161 Trilogy, 246, 280 Arctic, the, 24, 219–21, 225, 228–30, Austin, Mary, 204 232–3 avantgarde, the, 257, 262 Area Studies, 11, 39 Aztlán, 34, 35, 186–7, 189, 196 Armstrong, Jeannette, 88, 93, 94, 95, 98, 131 Baker, Houston A., 261, 262 works by: Slash, 93, 100; Whispering in Bakhtin, Mikhail, 316 Shadows, 94, 95, 96, 100 Baldwin, James, 160 arts, the/artistic, 14, 26, 36, 42, 91, 115, Banerjee, Mita, 22–3, 103–25 133, 159, 221, 233, 238, 257–9, 261, Banita, Georgiana, 6, 9, 17, 26, 313–36 262, 263, 264, 277, 278, 289, 292, 309 Barber, John, 302 Asia, 11, 36, 37, 39, 104, 181, 247 Barcelo, François, 130 Southeast Asia, 322, 325 Barlowe, Arthur, 7 Asian North American, 22–3, 109–10 works by: The First Voyage Made to the Asian American, 51, 54, 55, 110, 112, Coasts of America, 7 114, 124, 319 Barnes, Djuna, 262 Asian American literature/studies, 110, Barney, Natalie, 262 112, 124, 188, 319 Barth, John, 285, 286 Asian Canadian, 57, 59, 60, 109–11, works by: Giles Goat-Boy, 285; “The 112, 114 Literature of Exhaustion,” 285; “The Asian Canadian literature/studies, Literature of Replenishment,” 285; 110–11, 112, 124 Lost in the Funhouse, 285, 286 see also Chinese Americans; Chinese Barthelme, Donald, 285, 286 Canadians; Japanese Americans; works by: “At the Tolstoy Museum,” Japanese Canadians 286; “The Balloon,” 286; Snow White, Aspenlieder, Erin, 306 286 Asselin, Olivar, 155 Barthes, Roland, 291 assimilation, 51, 56, 110, 111, 163, 172, Baudrillard, Jean, 62, 282, 283 174, 179, 206, 227, 319 works by: America, 283 Atlantic Provinces, the, 209, 211 Beat poetry, 43, 261, 287 Atwood, Margaret, 6, 26, 135, 185, 223, Beaudé, Henri. See D’Arles, Henri 225, 241, 281, 288, 293, 299, 301, Beaugrand, Honoré, 226 305–6, 309 Beaulieu, Victor-Lévy, 161 works by: Alias Grace, 280; Kanadian works by: Monsieur Melville, 161; Un rêve Kultchur Komix, 288; Strange Things: québécois, 161 The Malevolent North in Canadian Beaupré, Normand, 178, 179, 180, 181 Literature, 223, 225, 229; Surfacing, works by: The Little Eater of Bleeding 306; Survival, 135, 142, 239, 248; Hearts, 178, 179, 180 Index 395

Beauregard, Guy, 111, 112, 114 Blaise, Clark, 177, 230, 231 Beck, Ulrich, 12, 86 works by: I Had A Father: A Post-Modern Bednarski, Betty, 138–9 Autobiography, 177; Montreal Stories, Beebe, Maurice, 261 230 works by: “What Modernism Was,” 261 Blodgett, E. D., 136, 137, 138, 141 Bégon, Elizabeth, 132 works by: Configuration: Essays in the Belleau, André, 160 Canadian Literatures, 136; Five Part belonging, sense of, 73, 76, 80, 95, 96, Invention, 138, 141; Towards a History 109, 123, 153, 228, 330 of the Literary Institution in Canada– Benhabib, Seyla, 87, 99 Vers une histoire de l’institution Benn Michaels, Walter, 53 littéraire au Canada, 137 Benson, Nathaniel A., 265, 266 Bloom, Harold, 260, 270 works by: Modern Canadian Poetry, 265, Bock, Dennis, 324 266 works by: The Ash Garden, 324 Benstock, Shari, 262, 263 Boisvert, Edmond. See Nevers, Edmond de works by: Women of the Left Bank: Paris, border/s, 6, 12–13, 17, 20, 21, 23–4, 27, 1900–1940, 262 33–6, 43, 44, 53, 85, 86, 88, 93–7, 98, Bercovitch, Sacvan, 316 100, 103, 104, 117, 129, 138, 161, 165, Bernard, Harry, 150 166, 171, 174, 178, 185–97, 210–13, Bernheimer, Charles/Bernheimer Report, 216, 237, 290, 315, 317, 320, 328, 330 14–15 border communities, 186 Berumen, Humberto Félix, 188 border crossing, 8, 12–13, 16, 22, 65, Beutler, Bernhard, 269 69, 77, 85, 94–6, 178–9, 186, 188–95, works by: Der Einfluss des Imagismus auf 201, 330 die moderne kanadische Lyrik englischer border fiction/border literature, 24, Sprache (The Influence of Imagism on 65–6, 85, 94–6, 186, 187–96 Modern Canadian Poetry in English), border guard/s, 23, 65–6, 85, 94–6, 158, 269 186, 193–4, 327 Bhabha, Homi, 214 border region, 43, 165–6, 188, 201, 210 works by: The Location of Culture, 214 border studies, 9–10, 17, 24, 166, 181, biculturalism/bicultural, 132, 133, 142, 185, 191 143 borderlands, 23–4, 35, 43–4, 85, 94, Bidini, Dave, 311 165–81, 185–6, 188–9, 196, 213, 320 works by: On a Cold Road, 311 Canada-US border, 6, 10, 22, 23–4, 25, bilingualism/bilingual, 17, 132, 136, 139, 43, 85, 87, 94, 97, 122, 166, 174, 181, 141, 142, 143, 162, 177, 307 185–97, 191–3, 196, 211–13, 220, 223, Bill of Rights (US), 60 233, 248, 274, 317 Birney, Earle, 287–8 Mexico-US border, 10, 24, 35, 42, 43, works by: “Can. Lit.,” 287–8 44, 85, 94, 165–6, 185–97, 317 Biron, Michel, 8, 132, 136 national borders, 3, 6, 9, 21, 22, 35, 36, Bissonnette, Camille Lessard, 178–9 41, 43, 85–6, 88, 94–6, 98, 104, 116, works by: Canuck: Un roman, 117, 124, 320–1, 324 178–9 Borges, Jorge Luis, 278, 291 Bissoondath, Neil, 59, 60 Bouchard, Gérard, 143–4 Black Mountain poets, 261 Bourdieu, Pierre, 302, 309 Black Power Movement, 79, 92 Bourinot, John George, Sir, 133 blackness/black/s, 22, 67, 69–70, 74, Bourne, Randolph, 49, 323 75–80, 103, 106–7, 168, 171 works by: “Transnational America,” 323 see also African Americans; African Bowering, George, 293 Canadians; Caribbean Canadian; works by: Burning Water, 293 race Bowles, Paul, 323 Blaeser, Kimberley, 89, 90, 91, 97, 98 Bowman, Louise Morey, 272 396 Index

Boyle, T. Coraghessan, 188 Avant-Garde, Decadence, Kitsch, works by: The Tortilla Curtain, 188 Postmodernism, 263 Brand, Dionne, 75, 230, 249, 250 Call, Frank Oliver, 270 works by: In Another Place Not Here, 249; Callaghan, Morley, 245 Sans Souci and Other Stories, 249; Thirsty, works by: Strange Fugitive, 245 249; What We All Long For, 230, 249 Cameron, Barry, 269 Brandt, Di, 271 Campbell, Federico, 188 works by: Wider Boundaries of Daring: works by: Tijuanenses (trans. Tijuana: The Modernist Impulse in Canadian Stories on the Border), 188 Women’s Poetry, 271 Campbell, Wilfred, 264–5 Brant, Beth, 100 works by: The Oxford Book of Canadian works by: Mohawk Trail, 100 Verse, 264–5 Braz, Albert, 129, 137, 138, 143, 166, 167 Canada/Canadian, 3, 4–8, 10, 11, 15, 16, works by: “Outer America: Racial 17, 24, 33–5, 40–2, 44, 49–50, 56–63, Hybridity and Canada’s Peripheral 65, 71, 73, 96, 98, 111, 114, 116–17, Place in Inter-American Discourse,” 122–4, 130, 131, 133, 137, 140, 153, 166–7 173, 176, 177, 185, 187, 219, 221–5, Breitbach, Julia, 25, 277–98 228, 230, 232, 237–41, 244–9, 251–2, Brickhouse, Anna, 38 277, 287–91, 295, 300, 302, 315–20, Britain/British. See Great Britain/British 324–5, 329, 332 British Commonwealth, 16, 40 central Canada, 209, 214, 225 Broadus, Edmund Kemper, 272 English Canada/English Canadian, 8, Brooke, Frances, 132 24–5, 129, 133, 134, 135, 138, 140, works by: The History of Emily Montague, 141, 207, 215, 219, 221–8, 230, 232–3, 132 237–8, 241, 307 Brooke, Rupert, 239 see also French Canada/French Brooks, Cleanth, 261 Canadian; Quebec/Québécois Brossard, Nicole, 136 Canada First Movement, 209, 222 Brown, Chester, 166 Canada Reads (CBC-Radio program), works by: Louis Riel: A Comic-Strip 306–8, 311–12 Biography, 166 Canada-U.S. Free Trade Agreement Brown, E. K., 268, 272 (CUFTA), 191 works by: “The Development of Poetry Canadian Charter of Rights and in Canada, 1880–1940,” 272; On Freedoms, 60 Canadian Poetry, 268, 272 Canadian culture. See culture Bryher (Winifred Ellerman), 262 Canadian Forum, 265, 267, 270 Buck, Pearl S., 323 Canadian literature, 3, 6, 8–9, 14, 15, 16, Burns, Robert, 151 19, 24–5, 129–44, 178, 191–6, 199, Bush, Catherine, 248 202, 205–6, 211, 214, 224–5, 248, works by: Claire’s Head, 248; The Rules 259, 269, 277, 290–2, 301, 314, 315, of Engagement, 248 318–19, 324, 332 Bush, George W., 34, 54, 55, 325 CanLit, 244, 252, 292, 319 Butler, Judith, 217, 320, 330 see also Canadian/Québécois literature; works by: Frames of War, 320 Comparative Canadian/Québécois Byron, George Gordon (Lord Byron), 151 Literature Studies; Comparative North American Literature Cadien, 23, 168, 174, 175, 181 Canadian literature and cultural studies, Cajun, 23, 176, 181 129, 139, 140, 141, 199, 202 Caldéron, Héctor, 187 Canadian Poetry Magazine, 271 Calinescu, Matei, 263–4 Canadian/Québécois literature, 129–44, works by: Faces of Modernity: Avant- 219–35 Garde, Decadence, Kitsch, 263; Five see also Comparative Canadian/ Faces of Modernity: Modernism, Québécois Literature Studies Index 397

Canadian Renaissance, 225, 277, 289, 292 Cellard, Karine, 133, 134, 135 Canadian Studies, 3–4, 9, 10–11, 16, Central America, 5, 38, 185 17–20, 22, 24, 27, 35, 97, 124, 130, centralization/centralizing tendencies, 186, 196, 206, 281, 315, 317, 319, 332 129, 203–6, 214, 319 Canadian Writers Association, 325 Chalykoff, Lisa, 199, 214, 215 Canadianism/Canadianness, 113, 120, Champlain, Samuel de, 131–2 122–4, 205, 229, 240, 247, 282, 288, Chandler, Raymond, 160 291, 306, 318–19 Charbonneau, Robert, 160 Canadian-US relations, 9–10, 20, 22, 81, Chariandy, David, 250 163, 196, 319–20, 325, 329 works by: Soucouyant, 250 canon/canonization, 43, 140, 167, 168, Chartier, Daniel, 221, 224, 228, 229, 231, 170, 238, 241–3, 245, 247, 250–1, 259, 232 260, 261–2, 270, 271, 273, 285, 286, Chiac, 23, 166 287, 290, 292, 293–5, 307, 308, 332 Chicago, 246, 259, 264 Cantú, Norma Elia, 188 Chicano/Chicana, 34, 44, 53, 85, 116, capitalism, 37, 109, 214, 242, 278, 283, 175, 177, 180, 181, 185–9, 196 299, 305 Chicanismo, 187 Captain Canuck, 288–9 Chicano/a identity, 34, 175, 180–1, 189 Careless, J. M. S., 205, 248 Chicano/a literature, 85, 187–9 Caribbean, 7, 11, 38, 73, 75, 130 Chicano/a studies, 24, 116, 117, 185, Caribbean Canadian, 73, 250 186, 196 Caribbean Canadian Toronto fiction, 249 China/Chinese, 57, 108, 109, 114, 117, Carman, Bliss, 267, 268, 272 118, 120, 165, 323 Carrière, Marie, 129, 136, 137, 138, 139, Chinatown, 111–13, 116–23 143 San Francisco Chinatown, 112–13, works by: Migrance comparée/Comparing 116–18, 120, 121–2 Migration, 139 Vancouver Chinatown, 111–14, 116–18, Cartier, Jacques, 7, 132 121–2 cartography, 6, 7, 12, 13, 21, 33–7, 39–40, Chinese Americans, 22, 121 44, 172, 326–7, 330, 333 Chinese Canadians, 22, 109, 115, 117–18, Carver, Raymond, 287 121–2 Cascadia, 34, 35, 213 Chinese Immigration Act/Chinese Casgrain, Henri-Raymond, 134, 151 Exclusion Act (Can)/Chinese Casteel, Sarah Phillips, 9, 10, 117, 129, Exclusion Act (US). See immigration 130, 319 Chong, Denise, 109 works by: Canada and Its Americas: works by: The Concubine’s Children, Transnational Navigations, 129, 319 109–24 Castille, Jeanne, 168, 174, 175–6 Choquette, Robert, 155, 156 works by: Moi, Jeanne Castille de la works by: À travers les vents, 156; Louisiane, 168, 174–5 Metropolitan Museum, 156 Castillo, Ana, 186 citizenship, 23, 43, 55, 95, 103–25, 173, works by: The Guardians, 186, 188, 189, 185–7, 190–1 191, 193, 196 city, the, 25, 149, 219, 220, 228–32, Cather, Willa, 323 237–54 works by: One of Ours, 323 city fiction (see urban fiction) Catholicism/Catholic, 107, 134, 171, 172, Civil Rights Movement, 69, 70, 79, 284, 177, 227 295 Caucasian. See whiteness/white Civil War, the. See war Caulfeild, Ruby Van Allen, 167, 168, 169 Clarke, Austin, 75, 249 works by: The French Literature of works by: The Bigger Light, 249; The Louisiana, 167, 168, 169 Meeting Point, 249; Nine Men Who Cavell, Richard, 14, 16 Laughed: Stories, 249; The Question, celebrity authors. See literary celebrity 249; Storm of Fortune, 249 398 Index

Clarke, George Elliott, 57, 68, 69, 72, 73, Conkling, Grace Hazard, 259 74, 75, 76 Conquest, the, 150, 227 class, 43, 73, 109–10, 120–1, 149, 154, conscription crisis, 223 293, 310 Constitution Act (of Canada), the, 7, 60, Cleage, Pearl, 308 113 Clinton, Bill, 52, 326 conte, 132 code-switching, 180 continentalism, 9–10, 39–42, 129 Cohen, Leonard, 135, 293 and NAFTA, 9–10, 40–2 works by: Beautiful Losers, 135 continents, 4–5, 21, 34, 35–9, 41, 42, 44, Cold War, 11, 38, 39, 278, 321, 326 86, 149, 150, 156, 314, 318–19 Coleman, Daniel, 141 America as a single continent/ Collin, W. E., 267–8 hemispheric unity, 37–8, 40 works by: The White Savannahs, 267–8 North and South America as distinct Colman, Mary Elizabeth, 272 continents, 38–40 colonialism/colonization, 3, 4, 7, 12–13, see also hemisphere/hemispheric 14, 17, 26, 37, 43, 85, 87, 89, 96, 166, Cook, George Ramsay, 205 167, 169, 208, 226–7, 239, 264, 269, Cooper, James Fenimore, 151, 242 277, 289, 318, 321 works by: Home as Found, 242; neocolonialism, 289–90, 314 Homeward Bound, 242 color line, the, 69, 103, 168 Coover, Robert, 281, 285, 287 color-blindness/color-blind. See race works by: The Public Burning, 287 Columbus, Christopher, 7, 100 cosmopolitanism, 203, 257, 266, 269, 272, comparandum/comparatum, 14, 16 310, 311, 316, 318, 323 Comparative Canadian Literature/ Cotnam, Jacques, 154–5 Studies. See Comparative Canadian/ coureur de bois, 226–7 Québécois Literature Studies Cox, Palmer, 301 Comparative Canadian/Québécois Crane, Hart, 155 Literature Studies, 8, 15–16, 23, Crane, Stephen, 242 129–44, 219–35 works by: Maggie: A Girl of the Streets, see also Canadian/Québécois literature 242, 245 Comparative Cultural Studies, 14–15, 36, Crémazie, Octave, 152, 153 43, 49, 185, 196, 316–17, 322 Creole, 168, 169, 170, 176 Comparative Literature/Studies, 3, 13, Afro-Creole, 168, 170–1 14–15, 20, 129–44, 152, 185, 196, Creole French, 166 210, 257, 281, 303, 314–15, 318–19, Louisiana Creole, 23, 168–71 329–330, 332–3 Critical Race Theory, 104 Comparative North American Literature, Crosthwaite, Luis Humberto, 188 3–4, 8, 13, 16, 17–20, 23, 27, 76, Cuba, 325 81, 85–8, 90, 94, 100, 149–63, 181, Culler, Jonathan, 15 237–54, 259, 271–4, 280–2, 287, 294–5, Culleton, Beatrice, 93 299, 300, 314–15, 319–20, 324, 332 works by: In Search of April Raintree, 93 Comparative North American Studies, 3, culture, 3, 12–13, 15, 21, 34, 35, 36, 39, 6, 9, 17–20, 21, 27, 35, 42, 49, 76, 105, 44, 70, 74, 86, 87, 89–91, 93–4, 96–9, 112, 165–6, 181, 199, 201–2, 209–10, 103–5, 108, 109, 111–12, 115, 118–24, 216–17, 315–16, 320, 322, 332 129, 132, 138, 143–4, 151, 159, 165, Conde, Rosina, 188 169, 172–3, 175–7, 180–1, 185, 214, works by: Women on the Road, 188 216, 237–8, 250–1, 257, 261, 274, 289, Confederation of Canada, 15, 56, 57, 132, 305, 306, 316, 318, 320, 332 222, 290 American culture, 3, 19, 35, 42, 49, 51, Confederation Poets, 267 52, 53, 60–3, 104, 118, 130, 149–50, conflict/s, 26, 74, 87, 99, 251, 313–14, 320, 151, 153–5, 158–62, 166, 201–3, 211, 324–5, 332–3 223, 227, 240–1, 243–4, 247, 253, intercultural conflicts, 49–51, 53, 56, 63 259, 284, 305 Index 399

Canadian culture, 3, 19, 42, 49, 50, 56, Davidson, Arnold E., 212 60–3, 75, 111, 120, 134, 139, 140, 141, works by: Coyote Country, 212 154, 159, 161, 172–3, 202–3, 209, 211, Davidson, Donald, 204 212, 223, 240–2, 244, 247–9, 253, works by: The Attack on Leviathan, 204; 272, 277, 290, 299, 318–19, 324 I’ll Take my Stand, 204; “Sectionalism cultural belatedness, 259, 273 in America,” 204 cultural differences between Davies, Robertson, 245, 281 Anglo-America and Latin America, works by: The Cunning Man, 245 5, 175, 180–1 Day, Richard, 49, 56, 57, 61 cultural differences between Canada de Crèvecoeur, J. Hector St. John, 49 and the United States, 6–7, 17–18, 24, works by: Letters from an American 50, 57, 71, 73, 77–8, 80, 92–3, 96–7, Farmer, 49 98, 100, 112, 113, 116, 186, 191–2, decentralization, 13, 206, 214, 290, 291 195–6, 201, 202, 222–4, 231–2, 239, decolonization, 15, 26, 98 241, 244, 246–7, 252, 281, 282, 290, deconstruction, 94, 280, 292, 295 299, 300, 316–17, 332 Delany, Martin, 324 cultural differences between English works by: Blake; or, The Huts of America, 324 Canada and Quebec, 56, 140, 142, Deleuze, Gilles, 321 219, 226–8 works by: A Thousand Plateaus, 321 cultural differences between France and DeLillo, Don, 246 Quebec, 150, 156, 160, 162–3, 169 works by: Cosmopolis, 246 cultural history, 112, 202–4, 257, 263, Department of Canadian Heritage, 58 300 Department of Homeland Security, 53 cultural identity (see identity) Department of Multiculturalism and cultural imperialism (see imperialism) Citizenship, 58 cultural memory, 43, 51, 87, 98, 227, 238 Derrida, Jacques, 61, 278, 295, 317 cultural similarities between Canada DesRochers, Alfred, 155, 156 and the United States, 17, 57, 62–3, works by: À l’ombre de l’Orford, 155; 78, 80, 96–7, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, Paragraphes, 155 114, 116, 117, 120, 123, 165, 202, 207, deterritorialization, 13, 313, 318, 320–1, 252, 314, 316 327, 329 cultural similarities between Quebec diaspora/diasporic, 22, 36, 71, 75, 116–21, and the United States, 92, 149–55, 124, 143, 249 159, 160, 162–3 Dickens, Charles, 308 cultural studies, 3–4, 13, 15, 24, 35–6, works by: Great Expectations, 308; A Tale 42, 67, 257, 270 of Two Cities, 308 cultural theory, 261 Dickinson, Emily, 268 Cunard, Nancy, 262 Dickner, Nicolas, 130 works by: Nikolski, 130 Dadaism, 257, 262 difference, 15, 16, 21, 61–2, 70, 108, 111, Damm, Kateri. See Akiwenzie-Damm, Kateri 112, 117, 142, 291 Danticat, Edwidge, 308 Dimock, Wai Chee, 12, 13, 322, 325 Dantin, Louis (Eugène Seers), 23, 155–9, 163 Dion-Lévesque, Rosaire (Léo Lévesque), works by: Poètes de l’Amérique française, 155, 156, 157, 158 156 discrimination, 49, 57–8, 66, 78, 115, 121, D’Arles, Henri (Henri Beaudé), 154, 155 176, 177, 178, 250 works by: Horizons, 154 diversity. See multiculturalism Davey, Frank, 8, 140, 200, 205, 209, 212, Dos Passos, John, 243–4, 323 213, 215, 281, 295, 318 works by: Manhattan Transfer, 243–4 works by: Post-national Arguments, double consciousness, 73 318; “The Regional Consciousness Doucet, Clive, 181 in Canadian Literature,” 205; works by: Notes from Exile: On Being “Surviving the Paraphrase,” 205, 212 Acadian, 181 400 Index

Doyle, James, 210–11, 272 environment, 6, 34, 36, 41, 190, 204, 216, drama, 44, 92, 93, 109, 160, 170, 192, 225, 233, 316 277, 313, 320, 326–30, 332 environmental determinism, 200, 213, Dreiser, Theodore, 242 215–16 works by: Sister Carrie, 242, 245 environmentalism, 95, 306 drugs/drug trafficking, 13, 24, 186–91, e pluribus unum, 52 193–6 equality, 62, 67, 68, 70, 72, 77, 143 Dryden, Ken, 311 Erdrich, Louise, 92 works by: The Game, 311 Ernst, Jutta, 25, 257–76 Du Bois, W. E. B., 69, 74 Esperanto, 327 Dubé, Marcel, 160 ethnic writers, 141, 249, 287, 306–7, 308 Dudek, Louis, 134, 264–5, 268, 270, 271 ethnicity, 8, 14, 22, 49, 51–3, 56, 70, 166, works by: “The Role of Little Magazines 171, 172, 177, 186–8, 205, 231–2, 237, in Canada,” 270 242, 245, 249–52, 273, 293, 311, 321, Duhamel, Georges, 160 323 Duncan, Sarah Jeanette, 211 Eurocentrism/Eurocentric, 15, 36, 100, Durham Report/Lord Durham, 227 142, 239, 293, 351 Dyer, Richard, 305 Europe/European, 4, 7, 11, 15, 19–20, 21, works by: Stars, 305 26, 33, 36, 37, 39, 42, 43, 61, 90, 104, 106, 113–14, 131, 132, 151, 159, 166, Eaton, Edith, 186 167, 188, 223–4, 226, 231, 243, 257, works by: Mrs. Spring Fragrance, 186 258, 259, 323 ecocriticism, 27, 216 European Union (EU), 21, 37, 40, 41 Ecotopia, 33–4 Everett, Percival, 75 écriture au féminin, 136, 143 works by: Erasure, 75 see also women: women’s writing exceptionalism, 202 écriture migrante, 139, 140, 231 American exceptionalism, 12, 13, 17, Edwards, Brian T., 315, 319, 322, 332 20, 208, 239, 252, 314, 317, 319, Edwards, Justin D., 230, 241, 245, 248 321–2, 332 works by: Downtown Canada, 241, 248 Canadian exceptionalism, 205, 209, Eliot, T. S., 258, 260, 261, 262, 263, 212, 224 266–8, 271, 272, 303 national exceptionalism, 209, 211–13 works by: “The Love Song of J. Alfred regional exceptionalism, 211–13 Prufrock,” 268; “The Waste Land,” exclusion, 22, 49, 51, 63, 75, 103, 112, 263 114–16, 123, 251 elite, 15, 106, 139, 149, 150, 153, 154, 158, Exclusion Acts (see immigration) 162, 262, 308–9 Expo 67, 290 Ellis, Bret Easton, 246 expressionism, 257 works by: American Psycho, 246; Less Eysteinsson, Astradur, 257, 264 than Zero, 246 works by: The Concept of Modernism, 264 Ellis, R. J., 319 Elton, Sarah, 249 Falardeau, Jean-Charles, 134, 135 works by: City of Words: Toronto Through works by: Notre Société et son roman, 135 Her Writers’ Eyes, 249 Farmer, Clarence, 69 Engel, Marian, 252 works by: Soul on Fire, 69 works by: Bear, 252 Faulkner, William, 208, 332 England/English, 66, 75, 131, 153, 166, works by: Absalom, Absalom!, 332 172, 303, 307 federalism, 61, 108, 115, 141 see also Great Britain/British Federman, Raymond, 277, 285 English language/English, 4, 6, 7–8, 17, Fee, Margery, 140 23, 42, 43, 90, 106, 130, 133, 134, feminism/feminist, 135, 136, 137, 216, 139, 140, 141, 153, 160, 165, 167, 173, 280, 284, 292, 294 175, 176, 179, 180, 181, 221, 258, 288 see also women Index 401 fiction. See narratives/narratology French America, 156, 165–81 Finch, Robert, 265–6, 270, 272 see also Acadia/n; Cadien; Cajun Findley, Timothy, 293, 300 French Canada/French Canadian/s, 8, works by: Famous Last Words, 293; The 9, 43–4, 134, 150, 152–4, 156, 157, Wars, 293 158–61, 173, 176, 177, 179, 180, 258, First Nations, 4, 6, 56, 57–61, 63, 69, 85, 288 89, 131, 138, 140, 231, 273, 289 French Canadian literature, 8, 23–4, First Nations‘ literatures, 85, 92–7, 100, 132, 133, 134, 135, 153, 155, 159, 163, 131, 140, 141, 143, 149 277 see also Indigeneity/Indigenous see also Quebec/Québécois Fisher, Philip, 202, 213, 216, 246 French language/French culture regions, Fishkin, Shelley Fisher, 19, 167, 328 6, 7–8, 23–4, 38, 44, 60, 130–4, 139, Fitzgerald, F. Scott, 50, 303 140, 141, 143, 156, 160, 162, 165–81, works by: The Great Gatsby, 50–1 228, 231, 288 Fleming, Patricia Lockhart, 142 frontier, 17, 203, 208, 220, 222, 239–40, Flint, F. S., 260 244, 252, 325, 329 works by: “Imagisme,” 260 Frost, Robert, 155, 238, 239 Fluck, Winfried, 18–19, 250 works by: “The Gift Outright,” 238 Foer, Jonathan Safran, 280 Frye, Northrop, 203, 206, 225, 239–40, works by: Extremely Loud & Incredibly 246, 316, 325 Close, 280 works by: The Bush Garden, 203, 225, Fogel, Stanley, 131, 281 239, 240, 316; “Canada and Its works by: A Tale of Two Countries: Poetry,” 203; “Conclusion to Literary Contemporary Fiction in English History of Canada. Second Edition,” 239 Canada and the United States, 131, 281 Fuentes, Carlos, 188 folk/folklore, 130, 179, 273 works by: La frontera de cristal (trans. Ford, Richard, 160, 162, 287 The Crystal Frontier), 188 Forty-Ninth Parallel. See 49th Parallel Fugitive Slave Law. See slavery/slaves see also border/s Fugitive-Agrarians, 203–4 Foster, Cecil, 22, 66, 68, 71, 73, 74, 78 Fuller, Danielle, 307–8 works by: A Place Called Heaven, 66, 71, Futurism, 257, 263 72, 73 Foster, Kate, 49 Gallant, Mavis, 245 works by: Our Canadian Mosaic, 49 works by: Across the Bridge, 245; Home Foster, Tol, 216 Truths, 245 founding nations, 17, 56, 57, 66, 223 Gaonkar, Dilip Parameshwar, 315, 319, Fox, Claire, 10–11 322, 329, 332 France/French, 66, 132, 150, 151, 154, Garland, Hamlin, 200 155–6, 160, 162–3, 165, 166, 167, works by: Crumbling Idols, 200 168–70, 172, 175, 176, 206, 248, 258, Garneau, Hector de Saint-Denys, 152, 154 262, 308–9, 323–4 works by: “Cage d’oiseau,” 152; Regards Franco-America/n, 154, 156, 176, 177, et jeux dans l’espace, 154 178, 179, 180, 181 Garner, Hugh, 245 Franco-American French, 180, 181 works by: Cabbagetown, 245 Francophone. See French language/French Garreau, Joel, 33–5 culture regions works by: The Nine Nations of North Franklin Expedition/Sir John Franklin, 233 America, 33–5 Franzen, Jonathan, 26, 308–10, 312 Garreau, Louis-Armand, 169, 170, 179 works by: The Corrections, 309; Freedom, works by: Louisiana, 169–70 309–10; “Meet Me in St. Louis,” 309 garrison mentality, 239 free verse, 265, 270 Gass, William, 281, 285 Freitag, Florian, 9, 20, 24, 165, 167, Gatti, Maurizio, 131 199–218, 206, 208, 212 Gauvin, Lise, 167 402 Index gender, 15, 58, 121, 213, 216, 251, 293, grand narratives, 214 294, 310 see also master narrative/s Gender Studies, 262 Grandbois, Alain, 154 genre, 15, 25, 26, 35, 92, 100, 136, 138, 141, Grande, Reyna, 189 258, 261, 269, 277, 279, 293, 294, 300 works by: Across a Thousand Mountains, Geography/geographical approaches, 5, 6, 189 11, 24, 34–8, 44, 124, 150, 166, 185, Grant, George, 318 196, 199–200, 208, 216, 219–22, 226, works by: Lament for a Nation, 318 229, 237, 239, 313, 315, 317–18, 323, Graves, Robert, 258, 260 331 works by: A Survey of Modernist Poetry, Georgian poetry, 266 258, 260 Germany/German, 10, 19–20, 153, 160, Great Britain/British, 16, 25, 39, 130, 131, 248 132, 141, 160, 172, 222–3, 227, 244, Gerson, Carole, 210–11 257, 258, 267, 272, 277, 30 0, 301, 304, Giacoppe, Monika, 6, 9, 23–4, 165–81 306, 308, 313, 316, 323, 326–7, 329 Gilded Age, 203 see also England/English Giles, Paul, 16, 18, 316–18 Great Depression, 91, 324 works by: The Global Remapping of Green, Martin, 263 American Literature, 316–18 Group of Seven, 223, 233 Glass, Loren, 304 Gruber, Eva, 10, 22, 65–84, 88, 92, 93, works by: Authors, Inc.: Literary Celebrity 103, 131 in the Modern United States 1880–1980, Gualtieri, Sarah, 105–7 304 Guattari, Félix, 321 global studies/global perspectives, 3, 11, works by: A Thousand Plateaus, 321 12–13, 15, 18–19, 25–6, 87, 91, 99, 100, 137, 199, 201, 213–14, 217, 252, H. D., 258, 259, 262, 268 313–36 Habermas, Jürgen, 278 globalization, 3, 12–13, 15, 16, 18, 22, 25, Haliburton, Robert Grant, 209, 222 26, 36, 39, 49, 97, 109, 110, 143, 214, Hamelin, Louis-Edmond, 209, 220–1, 247, 290, 299, 306, 313–16, 318–21, 226, 227, 228 329, 331–3 Hammet, Dashiell, 160 Godard, Barbara, 136, 271 Hammill, Faye, 138, 304, 311 works by: Wider Boundaries of Daring: works by: Women, Celebrity and Literary The Modernist Impulse in Canadian Culture Between the Wars, 304 Women’s Poetry, 271 Haney López, Ian, 104, 108 Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 20, 151 works by: White by Law: The Legal Goetsch, Paul, 282, 291 Construction of Race, 104–5, 107, 113 works by: “‘The Long Saga of the New harassment, 94–5 New Criticism’: Political and Cultural Hardt, Michael, 321 Implications of Poststructuralism and works by: Multitude: War and Democracy Postmodernism in Canada,” 282 in the Age of Empire, 321 Gold Mountain, 23, 109–17 Harjo, Joy, 85, 86, 88, 92, 94, 98, 100 Goldman, Jonathan, 303–4 works by: “Crossing the Border,” 85, works by: Modernism is the Literature of 94; “Letter from the End of the Celebrity, 303; Modernist Star Maps: Twentieth Century,” 98 Celebrity, Modernity, Culture, 303 Harlem Renaissance, 50, 251, 262 Goldwater, Anne-France, 311 Harris, Amy Lavender, 249 Gonzáles, Jovita, 186 works by: Imagining Toronto: A Journey to Good Neighbor Policy, 38 the City at the Center of the Map, 249 Grace, Sherrill, 209, 221, 223, 224, 225, Harris, Claire, 75 228, 229, 238, 289 Harris, R. Cole, 206, 209 works by: Canada and the Idea of North, Harrison, Charles Yale, 323 209, 223, 224, 225, 228 works by: Generals Die in Bed, 323 Index 403

Harrison, Dick, 212 Highway, Tomson, 92, 94 works by: Unnamed Country, 212 works by: Kiss of the Fur Queen, 94 Harrison, Jim, 160, 162 Hill, Lawrence, 22, 67, 74 Harvey, Jean-Charles, 154, 158–9 works by: Any Known Blood, 22, 67, works by: Les demi-civilisés, 154 76–8, 80–1 Hassan, Ihab, 246, 260, 278, 280 Hispanic culture/Hispanic, 40, 53–5, 117, works by: “Toward a Concept of 177 Postmodernism,” 278 historiographic metafiction, 215, 293–4 Hawkes, John, 285 historiography, 51, 57, 204, 206, 246, 271, Hay, Elizabeth, 225 279, 293, 326 works by: Crossing the Snow Line, 226; Hodgins, Jack, 293 Late Nights on Air, 226 Hollywood/Hollywood films, 13, 225 Hayne, David, 133–4, 135, 137 Hönnighausen, Lothar, 201–3, 208, 214 Heap, Jane, 262 Hood, Hugh, 241 heartland, 208, 220 Hopkinson, Nalo, 250 Hébert, Anne, 135 works by: Brown Girl in the Ring, 250 works by: Kamouraska, 135 Hospital, Janette Turner, 192 Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, 20, 279 works by: Borderline, 192 Heidenreich, Rosmarin, 135 Howells, Coral Ann, 306 Heine, Heinrich, 151 Howells, William Dean, 242 Heller, Joseph, 284 works by: A Hazard of New Fortunes, 242 works by: Catch-22, 284 Hulan, Renée, 22, 86, 88, 223 Hemingway, Ernest, 160, 162, 304 Hulme, T. E., 268 hemisphere/hemispheric, 9, 11, 12, 18, 24, human trafficking, 24, 186, 191, 193–4, 196 27, 38–9, 100, 130, 167, 186, 191, 195, humanities, the, 21, 35, 42, 143, 221, 251, 196, 199, 314, 316–17, 323–5, 330 278 American hemisphere, 4, 7, 37–40 (see Huntington, Samuel, 50 also continents) works by: The Clash of Civilizations, 50 hemispheric studies, 3, 9–12, 13, 17, 18, Hustvedt, Siri, 251–2 27, 117, 129, 143, 185, 316, 319 works by: What I Loved, 251–2 interhemispheric perspectives, 319 Hutcheon, Linda, 137, 214, 215, 246, 280, Hémon, Louis, 231 281, 282, 292–5 works by: Maria Chapdelaine, 231, 232 works by: The Canadian Postmodern, Henderson, Alice Corbin, 259, 262, 266, 273 214, 215, 246, 292–4; A Poetics of works by: “The Folk Poetry of These Postmodernism, 214, 246, 281, 292; States,” 273; “New Mexico Folk-Songs The Politics of Postmodernism, 292 (Translated and Original),” 273; “New Huyssen, Andreas, 260 Mexico Songs,” 273; The New Poetry: hybridity, 89, 90, 166 An Anthology, 259, 266, 267, 273 cultural hybridization, 60, 97, 189, 326 Hendin, Josephine, 284 mixed-blood identities, 56, 89 Henighan, Stephen, 192, 318 works by: When Words Deny the World, identity, 42, 61, 62, 67, 74, 76, 80, 85, 86, 318 89, 96–7, 111, 122, 150, 166, 168, 175, Henry, George, 100 178, 180, 243, 250, 293, 320 works by: An Account of the Chippewa Acadian identity (see Acadia/n) Indians, Who Have Been Travelling American cultural identity, 209, 314 Among the Whites, in the United American national identity, 159, 186, States, England, Ireland, Scotland, and 191, 284, 294, 308 Belgium, 100 Canadian cultural identity, 58, 122, Hensley, Sophie Almon, 301 156, 192, 206, 209, 219, 221, 223–4, Herder, Johann Gottfried, 20, 130–1 229, 233, 239, 244, 246, 249, 266, Herr, Michael, 284 281, 282, 288, 290, 291, 294, 305–6, works by: Dispatches, 284 311, 314, 319, 324 404 Index identity—Continued Immigration Reform and Control Act Canadian national identity, 187, 191, (IRCA), 190 195, 205, 222–3, 288, 291–2, 293, immigration reforms (Can), 51, 52–5, 311, 318, 329 57, 58–9 Chicano/a identity (see Chicano/ immigration reforms (US), 54–5 Chicana) imperialism, 6, 10, 11, 12–13, 19, 38, 40, collective identity, 8, 15, 86, 89, 229 109, 185, 227, 239, 283, 316, 321–2 cultural identity, 14, 16, 25, 57, 58, 62, cultural imperialism, 191, 193, 195, 166 202, 288, 320 identification, 72, 79, 85–6, 91, 94–5, domestic imperialism, 207–8, 210 96, 98, 171, 175 neoimperialism, 19, 21, 314 identity formation process, 52, 86, 94, Indian/s, 65, 66, 85, 90–1, 95–6, 98, 106, 201, 215, 230 172, 177, 188, 216 Indigenous identity (see Indigeneity/ see also First Nations; Indigeneity/ Indigenous) Indigenous; Native Americans lack of, 192, 205 Indian Reorganization Act, 91 limited identities, 205 Indigeneity/Indigenous, 3, 6, 7, 17–18, 22, mixed-blood identity (see hybridity) 43, 49, 51, 57, 58, 59, 60, 63, 85–102, national identity, 16, 18, 50, 61, 66, 115, 131, 140, 150, 166, 175, 187–8, 166, 167, 209, 293, 294, 329 192, 208, 216, 220, 227, 233, 240, North American identity, 6, 41–3, 159 273, 288, 289, 293 Québécois identity (see Quebec) Indigenous identity, 22, 88–9, 96 racial identity, 73–4, 76, 79, 80, 168 Indigenous literary studies, 86, 87, 88, regional identity, 73–4, 76, 79, 168, 169, 93, 99 180, 200–1, 293 Indigenous literature/s, 22, 85–102 translocal identity, 252 Indigenous writers, 43, 87, 88, 91–4, transnational identity, 250 97, 192 tribal identity (see tribe/tribal) see also First Nations; Inuit; Métis; Ignatiev, Noel, 107 Native Americans imaginaire du Nord. See North, the industrialization, 154, 206 imagism, 257, 259–60, 263, 266, 267, 268, integration, 49, 52, 71, 75, 191, 195, 204 269, 274 inter-American studies, 9–12 immigrant/s, 104, 122, 140, 141, 178, interdependence, 216, 316 231–2, 306–7, 322, 330 internationalism, 195, 196, 315, 323 Asian immigrants, 22–3, 55, 103, 110, intertext/intertextuality, 149, 152, 160–3, 111, 188 279, 280, 291 Chinese immigrants, 22–3, 57, 108–10, interventionism, 87, 314, 321, 326 112–19, 121–4 (see also Chinatown) Inuit, 138, 220, 224, 228, 231, 233 immigrant communities/immigrant see also Indigeneity/Indigenous group/s, 103, 108, 111, 112 Iraq War. See war Irish immigrants, 105, 107 irony, 66, 78, 260, 261, 279, 280, 286, Syrian immigrants, 105–7 288, 292, 293, 303 immigration, 17–18, 22–3, 49, 54, 57, 62, Irvine, Dean, 259, 270–1 63, 108–11, 113–16, 123, 176, 177, works by: The Canadian Modernists Meet, 186–92, 194–7, 242, 250, 327 271; Editing Modernity: Women and Chinese Exclusion Act (Can), 57, 115, Little-Magazine Cultures in Canada, 116, 123 1916–1956, 271 Chinese Exclusion Act (US), 57, 114, Irving, John, 160, 287 116, 118, 123 Irving, Washington, 208, 242 Chinese Immigration Act, 57, 114–15, works by: A History of New York, from 116, 123 the Beginning of the World to the End illegal immigration, 13, 55, 80, 186–8, of the Dutch Dynasty by Dietrich 190, 192, 194–5, 197 Knickerbocker, 242; Salmagundi, or, Index 405

The Whim-Whams and Opinions of River, 93, 192; One Good Story, That One, Lancelot Langstaff, Esq. & Others, 242 192; Truth and Bright Water, 43, 192 Isernhagen, Hartwig, 282, 295 Kirby, William, 132, 135 works by: “Canada and the US: works by: The Golden Dog, 132, 135 Are Hutcheon and Jameson Klein, A. M., 265, 267–8, 272, 324 Representative or Perhaps Only works by: The Second Scroll, 324 Representational Critics?,” 282 Klinck, Carl F., 239, 265, 269 Ivison, Douglas, 230 works by: Literary History of Canada, 239 works by: Downtown Canada, 230, 242, Klondike Gold Rush, 225 248 Knister, Raymond, 269, 270 Kogawa, Joy, 324 Jacobson, Matthew Frye, 103–5, 108 works by: Obasan, 324 Jaffe, Aaron, 303, 304 Kramer, Stanley, 52 works by: Modernism and the Culture of works by: Guess Who’s Coming to Dinner, Celebrity, 303; Modernist Star Maps: 52 Celebrity, Modernity, Culture, 303 Kristeva, Julia, 278 Jameson, Fredric, 109, 261, 278, 282 Kroetsch, Robert, 15, 215, 225, 244, 246, Japan/Japanese, 39, 57, 108 269, 281, 282, 290–4, 295 Japanese Americans, 114 works by: Badlands, 291; boundary 2: a Japanese Canadians, 114, 115 journal of postmodern literature, 291; Jarrell, Randall, 260 But We Are Exiles, 225; Gone Indian, Jay, Paul, 86, 88, 93, 100 291; The Ledger, 291; The Man from the Jazz Age, 50–1 Creeks, 225; Seed Catalogue, 291; The Jefferson, Thomas, 37 Studhorse Man, 291; The Words of My Jesusland, 34–5 Roaring, 291 Jewett, Sarah Orne, 210 Kröller, Eva-Marie, 247, 281–2, 290, 324 Jones, Douglas, 138 works by: The Cambridge Companion Joyce, James, 263, 272, 303 to Canadian Literature, 324; “The works by: Ulysses, 263 Politics of Influence: Canadian Postmodernism in an American Kamboureli, Smaro, 93, 136, 141, 305, Context,” 281–2 306, 307, 316, 317 Krupat, Arnold, 90, 97, 99 works by: “The Culture of Celebrity Ku Klux Klan, 50 and National Pedagogy,” 305–7; Kushner, Eva, 16 Trans.Can.Lit: Resituating the Study of Kushner, Tony, 313, 317, 325, 326–9, 330, Canadian Literature, 93, 305, 307, 317 332, 333 Kannenberg, Christina, 7, 24, 219–35 works by: Homebody/Kabul, 313, 317, Katz, Wendy J., 199 325, 326–9, 330, 332, 333 Kennedy, John F., 238, 284, 289 Kymlicka, Will, 51, 52, 56, 58–9, 60–1 Kennedy, Leo, 265, 267–8, 270, 272 Kermode, Frank, 257, 261 Ladouceur, Louise, 143 Kerouac, Jack, 43–4, 161, 178 Laferrière, Dany, 160, 231–2 Khordoc, Catherine, 139 works by: Chronique de la dérive douce, 231 works by: Migrance comparée/Comparing Lamartine, Alphonse de, 169 Migration, 139 Lamonde, Yvan, 142, 149, 154 King, Basil, 325 Lampman, Archibald, 267 works by: The City of Comrades, 325; land, the, 17, 39, 43, 69, 88–9, 95, 96, 166, Going West, 325; The High Heart, 325 173, 185, 187, 188, 193, 222, 226–7, King, Martin Luther, 284, 289 238–9, 252, 325, 327 King, Thomas, 6, 43, 65–6, 67, 85, 86, 87, Landry, Monica, 171 89, 90, 93, 94, 97, 98, 192, 339 works by: Tantine: L’histoire de Lucille works by: “Borders,” 85; Green Grass, Augustine Gabrielle Landry racontée par Running Water, 65–6, 94, 192; Medicine elle-même à 82 ans, 171 406 Index landscape, 44, 159, 195, 222, 238, 240–1, Lévesque, René, 289 252 Levine, Robert, 11, 316 Langevin, André, 160 works by: Hemispheric American Studies, language, 8, 13, 35, 43, 44, 163, 165, 175, 316 181, 261, 266, 267, 285, 286, 313, 315, Lewis, Martin, 36, 39 327–9 Límon, Graciela, 189 language policies, 167 works by: The River Flows North, 189 official languages, 6, 17, 129, 136, Lindsay, Vachel, 259, 273–4 139–42, 167 works by: “Higher Vaudeville,” 273 see also Creole; English language; linguistic borders/linguistic differences, French language; Spanish language; 7–8, 44, 180–1 translation between Anglo-America and Latin Lareau, Edward, 133, 135 America, 5 works by: Histoire de la littérature between French Canadians and English canadienne, 133, 135 Canadians, 7–8, 135, 138–9 LaRue, Monique, 160, 161 see also translation works by: Copies conformes, 161 literary celebrity, 25–6, 299–312 Latin America, 5, 9–12, 38, 39–40, 42, 44, in Canada, 25–6, 299, 300–2, 305 73, 130, 177, 185 in the United States, 25–6, 299, 300, see also South America 301–2, 304, 308–10 Latino/s/Latina/o Studies, 44, 53–5, 180, literary criticism, 24, 26, 129, 130, 134, 185, 192 135, 136, 139, 143, 199, 202–4, 213, Latortue, Régine, 170, 171 230, 250, 263, 267, 268, 269, 270, works by: Les Cenelles: A Collection of 272, 277, 278, 280, 292, 311 Poems by Creole Writers of the Early English Canadian literary criticism, 26, Nineteenth Century, 171 135, 229, 232 Laurier, Wilfrid, 223 French Canadian literary criticism, 134, Lawrence, D. H., 272, 305 206–7 Layton, Irving, 264–5, 268, 305 literary history, 25, 134, 136, 138, 141, works by: A Red Carpet for the Sun, 305 152, 154, 166, 167, 169, 201–3, 263, Le Franc, Marie, 267 268, 270, 271, 279, 300 Le May, Pamphile, 149, 152 literary market, 201, 263, 265, 266, 271, Leacock, Stephen, 211, 221–2, 301 299, 300, 302, 304, 311 LeBlanc, Raymond, 174 see also publishing industry works by: “Acadie,” 174 literary prizes, 263, 272, 273, 300, 306–7, Lee, Spike, 52 309, 311 films by: Malcolm X, 52 literary studies, 4, 12–13, 15, 24, 26, 86, Lefèbvre, Henri, 237 130, 166, 257, 270 Lemelin, Roger, 159, 231 literary theory, 24, 141, 143, 244, 258, 261 works by: Au pied de la pente douce, 231 little magazine, 263, 270–1 Lemire, Maurice, 141, 207 Livesay, Dorothy, 267–8, 271, 272 Lemoine, James Macpherson, 132 Livesay, Florence Randal, 272, 273 Lenoir, Joseph, 151, 152–3 works by: “Slavic Songs,” 273 works by: “La légende de la fille aux local/locality. See regions yeux noirs,” 153 local color/local-color fiction, 200–1, Lescarbot, Marc, 132 210–11, 225 Lethem, Jonathan, 76 Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth, 149–50, works by: The Fortress of Solitude, 76 151–2, 153 Levander, Caroline, 11, 316 works by: Evangeline, 152 works by: Hemispheric American Studies, Loos, Anita, 304 316 works by: Gentlemen Prefer Blondes, 304; Levenson, Michael, H., 262 Kiss Hollywood Goodbye, 304 Lévesque, Léo. See Dion-Lévesque, Rosaire Los Angeles, 246 Index 407

Lösch, Klaus, 89, 90, 98 margin/marginality, 12, 36, 75, 93, 115, Louisiana, 9, 23, 165–70, 171, 172, 174, 130, 151, 166, 180, 201, 208, 210, 213, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 181 215–16, 245–6, 271, 277, 279, 280, Louisiana’s Francophone literature, 167, 291, 292, 293 168 Marlatt, Daphne, 136, 320 Lowell, Amy, 258, 259 Marmette, Joseph, 152 works by: Tendencies in Modern American Marriott, Anne, 271, 272 Poetry, 258 Marshall, Bill, 165, 168, 169 Loy, Mina, 258 works by: The French Atlantic: Travels in Lynch, Gerald, 210–11 Culture and History, 165 Lynch, Jim, 186, 187, 191, 193–6 Marshall, Paule, 251, 252 works by: Border Songs, 186, 187, 191, works by: Browngirl, Brownstones, 251; 193–6 The Fisher King, 251 Lyotard, Jean-François, 15, 246, 279, Marx, Leo, 208, 240 282–3 masculinity, 104, 271, 304–5, 323 works by: The Postmodern Condition, mass culture. See popular culture 246, 279, 282–3 Massey report, 244 master narrative/s, 7, 208, 246, 279, 285, MacKay, L. A., 272 293 MacLaren, Eli, 300–1 Masters, Edgar Lee, 259 MacLean, Alyssa, 27 Matthiessen, Francis Otto, 242 MacLennan, Hugh, 245, 318–19 Mauriac, François, 160 works by: Barometer Rising, 245 Mayr, Suzette, 75 MacLeod, Alexander, 25, 214, 215, 295 McCarthy, Cormac, 188 MacSkimming, Roy, 301 works by: All the Pretty Horses, 188; works by: The Perilous Trade, 301 Cities of the Plains, 188; The Crossing, Magee, William H., 211 188; No Country for Old Men, 188 works by: “Local Colour in Canadian McClennen, Sophia, A., 10–11 Fiction,” 211 McCourt, Edward, 212 Mahoney, Timothy R., 199 works by: The Canadian West in Fiction, Mailer, Norman, 161, 284, 304, 321–2 212 works by: An American Dream, 161; The McCullers, Carson, 159 Armies of the Night, 284; Why Are We McGill Fortnightly Review, 265 in Vietnam?, 284 McGill group. See Montreal group Maillet, Antonine, 172, 173–4, 181 McHale, Brian, 278 works by: L’Acadie pour quasiment rien, McKay, Kristy, 135, 138–9, 142 172; Pélagie-la-Charrette, 173; La McLaren, Floris Clark, 272 Sagouine, 173–4 McLuhan, Marshall, 16, 283, 290, 324 Maine, 23, 165, 168, 176–81 works by: “Canada: The Borderline Makay, Isabel Ecclestone, 245 Case,” 290, 324; The Gutenberg works by: The House of Windows, 245 Galaxy, 283; Understanding Media, 283 Malik, Kenan, 51, 56, 61, 62 McNickle, D’Arcy, 91 Manifest Destiny, 9, 40, 252 works by: The Surrounded, 91 Mansbach, Adam, 76 McWatt, Tessa, 75, 250 works by: Angry Black White Boy, 76 works by: Dragons Cry, 250; Out of My mappemonde, 37, 39 Skin, 250; This Body, 250 mapping/maps. See cartography Meech Lake Accord, 93 Maracle, Lee, 87, 89, 94, 97, 98 melting pot, 49, 59, 111, 163, 252 works by: Ravensong, 94 Melville, Herman, 65, 161, 242, 261 Marchand, Jacques, 160, 161 works by: “Bartleby, the Scrivener,” works by: Le premier movement, 161 242; Benito Cereno, 65 Marcotte, Gilles, 153 memory, 90, 136, 173, 179 Marek, Jayne E., 262 see also culture: cultural memory 408 Index

Menand, Louis, 302 135; Poésies des frontières—Étude Méndez, Miguel, 186, 188–9 comparée des poésies canadienne et works by: Peregrinos de Aztlán (trans. québécoise, 135, 136 Pilgrims in Aztlán), 186, 189 Molière (Jean-Baptiste Poquelin), 169 Mercator, Gerardus, 40 Momaday, Scott, 87, 92, 93, 94 metafiction/metafictionality, 252, 279, works by: Ancient Child, 94; House Made 285, 286, 287, 292, 293 of Dawn, 92, 93 metanarratives, 15, 279, 284, 286, 290, 291 monarchy, 170, 223, 227 methodology, 3, 14–20, 23, 124, 138, 142, monolingualism, 131, 139, 167 314 Monroe Doctrine, 10, 37–9, 319 comparative method, 3, 12, 13, 16, Monroe, Harriet, 259–60, 262, 264, 266, 17–20, 86, 314, 320 267, 273 mediative approach, 12, 13 works by: The New Poetry: An Anthology, quantitative method, 50, 220 259, 266, 267, 273 Métis, 56–7, 166 Montero, Sergio Gómez, 188 metropolitanism, new, 25 Montesquieu (Charles-Louis de Secondat), Mexamerica, 33 169 Mexican American, 177, 187, 189 Montgomery, Lucy Maud, 211, 301, 304 Mexican-American War. See war Montpetit, Édouard, 154–5 Mexico/Mexican, 4–6, 21, 33–5, 40–4, 53, works by: “Six jours à Berkeley,” 154 55, 175, 177, 185–97, 317, 330–1 Montreal, 135, 152, 156, 167, 226–7, Mexican literature, 8 229–32 Mexican Studies, 35 Montreal fiction, 230, 245, 248 Michaels, Anne, 246 Montreal group, 265, 267, 268, 271, 272 works by: Fugitive Pieces, 246 Moore, Harry E., 204 Mignolo, Walter, 5, 317 works by: American Regionalism: migration, 3, 63, 106, 113, 114, 124, 187, A Cultural-Historical Approach to 189–90 National Integration, 204 migrant writers, 140, 141 Moore, Marianne, 262 Miki, Roy, 111, 115 Moran, Joe, 301–2 military, 314, 320–1, 324, 328, 330 works by: Star Authors: Literary Celebrity Mills, Charles, 72 in America, 301–2 minority/minorities, 44, 52, 54–5, 58–60, Morency, Jean, 8, 23, 149–63 62, 71, 76, 77, 97, 100, 110, 131, 138, Moretti, Franco, 13 141, 143 Morin, Marie, 132 Mitchell, Margaret, 159 Morin, Paul, 150, 152 modern, the, 257, 265 Morrison, Toni, 26, 251, 308, 310, 312 modernism, 25, 161, 237, 243–7, 250–1, works by: Jazz, 251 253, 257–74, 281, 285, 287, 294, mosaic, 49, 59, 60, 111, 289 302–4, 308 Moses, Daniel David, 92 Anglo-American modernism, 25, Moss, Laura, 215, 306, 311 243–6, 251, 253, 258–9, 260–4, 265, works by: “Branding an Icon Abroad,” 306 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271–4, 303 Mount, Nick, 210, 211, 300–1 Canadian Aesthetic Modernism, 270 works by: When Canadian Literature Canadian modernism, 25, 244–6, Moved to New York, 211, 300–1 258–60, 264–74 Mountie/s. See Royal Canadian Mounted high modernism, 260, 266, 267, 268, Police 269, 270, 271, 272, 285 Mulroney, Brian, 58 Moisan, Clément, 135, 136, 138, 139, 140–2 multiculturalism, 7, 15, 16, 17–18, 21–3, works by: L’Âge de la littérature 49–64, 66, 71, 72, 79, 80, 81, 93, 112, canadienne, 135; Comparaison et raison: 117, 138, 139, 140, 180, 208, 222, Essais sur l’histoire et l’institution des 228, 232, 247–51, 289, 291–2, 307, littératures canadienne et québécoise, 308, 316, 322 Index 409 multilingualism, 141, 180, 322 nationality, 26, 96, 150, 166, 173–5 Munro, Alice, 300 Native/Nativeness. See Indigeneity/ Murphy, Gretchen, 39, 319 Indigenous works by: Hemispheric Imaginings: The Native Americans, 6, 54, 63, 85–100, 273 Monroe Doctrine and Narratives of U.S. Native American literatures, 85, 90, Empire, 39, 319 92–4, 100 myth/s, 7, 16, 17, 22, 24–5, 26, 49, 52, 66–7, Native American Renaissance, 92–3 69, 71, 74, 80, 93, 94, 115, 130, 136, see also Indigeneity/Indigenous 149, 151, 189, 197, 201, 204, 208–10, Native North America, 22, 85–100 212–13, 219, 221–4, 226–7, 232–3, Native Studies, 85–8, 93, 94, 96, 97, 192 237–42, 244, 248–52, 259, 278, 281, naturalism, 257 284, 288, 289, 294, 299, 306, 311–12 naturalization, 22–3, 103–25 myth and symbol school, 9, 208 nature, 90, 151, 188, 217, 220, 225, 227, 238–41, 267 Nabokov, Vladimir, 278 Negri, Antonio, 321 Namat, Marina, 311 works by: Multitude: War and Democracy works by: Prisoner of Tehran, 311 in the Age of Empire, 321 narratives/narratology, 13, 89, 90, 98, Nelligan, Émile, 149, 152, 156 135, 176, 277, 278, 284, 291 Nelson, Cary, 72, 73, 262 slave narratives, 170 neocolonialism. See colonialism travel narratives, 153–5, 226, 283, 322 Nevers, Edmond de (Edmond Boisvert), trickster narratives, 90 155 war narratives (see war literature/war works by: L’âme américaine, 155 narratives) New, W. H., 136, 195, 290 nation/nation-states, 3, 4, 7, 8, 12–13, 15, works by: Encyclopedia of Literature in 16, 24–6, 33–8, 41, 42, 43, 49, 52, Canada, 290; A History of Canadian 56, 59, 60–3, 71, 80, 86, 87, 90, 96, Literature, 136, 192, 195 100, 109–10, 111, 122, 130, 140, 143, New American Studies/New Americanists, 166, 167, 168, 171, 201–8, 211–15, 12, 20 219, 222–4, 226, 228, 230, 232–3, New Brunswick, 23, 165, 172, 173 237–43, 250, 253, 261, 305–7, 310, New Criticism, 261 311, 314–16, 318–21, 329–30 New England, 23, 151, 155, 165, 166–8, multi-nation state, 60–1 172, 176–81, 207–9, 211 national anthem, 172, 177, 219, 224, 226 New English Literatures, 20 national self-conceptions. See myth/s New France, 24, 132, 149–51, 226–7, 232 nationalism/nationalist perspectives, 15, New Movement, the, 258, 259 16, 18, 22–3, 25–6, 35, 57, 58, 86, 93, see also modernism 100, 134, 201–3, 205, 208–10, 214–15, New World, 7, 33, 37, 114, 117–19, 121, 258, 266, 272, 282, 299–300, 301, 130, 131–2, 143, 144, 149, 168, 172 302, 304, 307 New York City, 4, 35, 43, 151, 156, 211, American nationalism, 201–2, 207, 325 242–4, 246–7, 251–2 Canadian nationalism, 75, 135, 143, Niedzviecki, Hal, 248 192, 201, 203, 207, 212, 222–4, 226, works by: Concrete Forest: The New 232, 288, 289–91, 295 Fiction of Urban Canada, 248 cultural nationalism, 75, 186–7, 189 Nischik, Reingard M. 3–33, 131, 269, 324 ethnic nationalism, 34, 186–7 works by: History of Literature in Canada, nation building, 15, 17, 26, 36, 43, 49, 8, 131, 324 66, 137, 201, 205, 224, 233, 239, 277, Nivelle, Armand, 14 292, 321, 324 Nolan, Yvette, 93 national literature, 12, 14, 76, 80–1, 89, Nora, Pierre, 207 130, 138, 151, 170, 199, 202–4, 207, nordicity, 209, 219–21, 228–9, 231–2 266, 281, 292 seasonal nordicity, 24, 220, 228–31 national symbol, 288 nordology, 221 410 Index

Norris, Ken, 265, 269, 270 O’Gorman, Edmundo, 7, 36 works by: The Little Magazine in Canada works by: The Invention of America, 7, 36 1925–80: Its Role in the Development Ohlin, Alix, 230 of Modernism and Post-Modernism in works by: Inside, 230 Canadian Poetry, 265, 269, 270 Oka Crisis, 93 norteamericano, 42 Olivier, Julien, 171 North, Michael, 262 works by: Tantine: L’histoire de Lucille North, the, 7, 24–5, 138, 209–10, 216, Augustine Gabrielle Landry racontée par 219–35 elle-même à 82 ans, 171 North America/North American, 3, 4–6, 7, Omi, Michael, 67, 70 8, 11, 12, 21, 27, 33–5, 37, 38, 39–44, Ondaatje, Michael, 246, 280, 293, 300, 68, 77, 80, 81, 85–8, 90, 92, 93–4, 97, 307, 320, 324 100, 104–5, 114, 116–17, 124, 130, works by: Divisadero, 320; The English 151, 155, 156, 159, 165, 166, 167, 175, Patient, 324; In the Skin of a Lion, 246, 179, 201, 216–17, 226, 231, 257, 258 280, 307 North American culture, 3, 4, 35, 42–3, Ontario, 77–8, 133, 205, 225, 324 120, 231, 315 northern Ontario, 223 North American Agreement on southern Ontario, 208–9, 225 Environmental Cooperation Oprah Winfrey Book Club, 307–10 (NAAEC), 5 oral traditions/orality/oral, 43, 91, 92, 98, North American Free Trade Agreement 130, 132, 168, 178, 273 (NAFTA), 5, 6, 10, 21, 33, 40–2, 44, oral storytelling, 86, 91 186, 191–2, 318 Ortiz, Simon, 92 North American literature, 3, 4, 6, 87, 93, 172, 181, 201, 234–54, 313–36 Pache, Walter, 238, 240, 281 see also American literature; Canadian works by: “‘The Fiction Makes Us literature; Comparative North Real’: Aspects of Postmodernism in American Literature Canada,” 281 North American Studies, 4, 5, 26, 39, Pacific Northwest, the, 33, 211–13 85–7, 196, 201 Page, P. K., 268, 271 global North American Studies, 26, 314 Palestine, 320 North Atlantic Treaty Organization pan-Indianism, 89 (NATO), 39 Panneton, Philippe. See Ringuet Northey, Margot, 135 Papineau, Louis-Joseph, 9 works by: The Haunted Wilderness, 135 paradox, 16, 22, 292 Nouvelle France. See New France Paredes, Américo, 186 Nova Scotia, 23, 69, 165, 172 Parker, Gilbert, 211, 225 novel, 65, 67, 69, 75, 76–7, 79–81, 86, 91, works by: Pierre and His People, 225 93, 94, 95, 96, 109, 110, 111, 114–18, parody, 291, 292, 293, 294 121–2, 132, 135, 136, 143, 150, 151, Parti Québécois, 289 152, 154, 160–3, 186, 188, 191, 212, pastiche, 176, 279, 280 287, 291, 293, 294 Pastor, Robert, 41–2 Nowlan, Alden, 329 pastoralism, 239–40, 252 Patchett, Ann, 76 Oates, Joyce Carol, 75, 76, 287 works by: Run, 76 works by: Black Girl, White Girl, 75, 76 patriotism/patriotic myths, 153, 201, 207, Obama, Barack, 53, 54–6, 66, 71 224, 331 objective correlative, 268 pays d’en haut (upper country), 226–7, 233 O’Brien, Tim, 321–2 peacekeeping, 320, 324 works by: Going after Cacciato, 321–2 Pease, Donald, 12, 13, 17 Odum, Howard W., 204 Pérez Firmat, Gustavo, 12, 319 works by: American Regionalism: works by: Do the Americas Have a A Cultural-Historical Approach to Common Literature?, 12, 319 National Integration, 204 Perloff, Marjorie, 262–3 Index 411

Phelps, Arthur, 134 Potvin, Claudine, 136–7 works by: Canadian Writers, 134 Poulin, Jacques, 160, 161, 162, 163 Philip, Marlene Nourbese, 75 works by: Chat sauvage, 163; Volkswagen Pickford, Mary, 303 blues, 161 Pickthall, Marjorie, 267 Pound, Ezra, 258, 259, 260, 262, 263, 267, Pierce, Lorne, 133–4 268, 272, 273 works by: Outline of Canadian Literature, works by: “A Few Don’ts by an 134 Imagiste,” 260 place, 6, 68, 71, 165, 172, 199, 200, 207, Powell, Douglas, 199, 217 209, 217, 327, 331, 333 works by: Critical Regionalism, 199, 217 planetarity, 315 Powell, John W., 202 see also globalization works by: Physiographic Regions of the Plante, David, 181 United States, 202 Plessy vs. Ferguson case, 50 power relations, 10, 26, 36–7, 87, 96, 163, Poe, Edgar Allan, 149, 152–3, 160, 261 186, 191, 201, 215, 251, 312 works by: The Adventures of Arthur Powers, Richard, 75, 76 Gordon Pym, 152; “The Raven,” 152, works by: The Time of Our Singing, 75, 76 153 Prairies, the, 151, 211–13 poetry, 25, 88, 92, 94, 100, 134–6, 143, Canadian prairies, 211–12, 220, 226 149–50, 153, 155–7, 170, 258–60, 262, prairie writing/prairie literature, 200, 263, 264–74, 277, 291, 293, 309, 318 211–12 metaphysical poetry, 267, 268 Pratt, E. J., 265, 266, 267–8, 272 Poetry (magazine), 259–60, 264, 272, Pratt, Mary Louise, 251 273–4 Prince, Althea, 250 popular culture, 14, 151, 153, 154, 158, works by: Loving This Man, 250 161, 162, 203, 262, 286, 303, 304, 308 Protestantism/Protestant, 140, 171, 176, popular culture studies, 27 177 popular literature, 262, 308–10 publishing industry, 100, 156, 262, 263, Porter, Carolyn, 11 304, 308, 311, 324 works by: “What We Know That We American publishing industry, 271–2, Don’t Know: Remapping American 300, 302, 310 Literary Studies,” 11, 317 Canadian publishing industry, 271, postcolonialism/postcolonial 299, 300, 301, 324 studies, 12–13, 15, 19, 26, 98, 137, see also literary market 142, 277, 280, 281, 290, 292, 294–5 Purdy, A. G., 137 post-Europeanism, 281 Puritanism/Puritans, 167, 208, 237 postmodernism, 15, 25, 98, 136–7, 161, purity, 89, 180 199, 213–17, 244, 246–7, 250, 269, cultural purity, 90 277–95 racial purity, 96 American postmodernism, 245–6, 251, Pynchon, Thomas, 246, 278, 285, 286–7 253, 277–8, 281, 282–7, 293, 294–5 works by: The Crying of Lot 49, 246; Canadian postmodernism, 244–6, 270, Gravity’s Rainbow, 286–7 277, 281–2, 287–95 high postmodernism, 285–7, 293, 294 Quantic, Diane Dufva, 212–13 post-postmodernism, 280 works by: The Nature of the Place, 212 postmodernity, 247, 250–1, 253, 278, 279, Quebec/Québécois, 4, 5, 6, 7–8, 9, 14, 17, 291, 292 23, 24, 59, 60, 61, 69, 130, 131–3, 138, American postmodernity, 282–7 140, 143, 149, 150–1, 152, 154–6, 158, Canadian postmodernity, 287–94 159–63, 165, 167, 172, 173, 176, 178, postnationalism, 3, 12, 13, 25–6, 213–14, 179, 206–7, 209, 219–21, 224, 225–33 217, 274, 314–16, 319–20, 322–5, 332 lettres québécoises, 129, 136, 140, 141 post-raciality, 22, 66, 70–1, 80 Quebec nationalism, 135, 203, 224, post-structuralism, 200, 246, 282, 292, 227, 231, 289 295 Quebec referendum, 202 412 Index

Quebec/Québécois—Continued Rainey, Lawrence, 263, 270 Quebec separatism, 8, 9, 56, 69, 140, Rawlings, Marjorie Kinnan, 159 203, 224, 289 realism, 130, 190, 248, 250, 268, 285, 287, Québécois identity, 8, 150, 155, 219, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295 228–9, 233 Rebar, Kelly, 192 Québécois literature, 8, 19, 23, 129–44, works by: Bordertown Café, 192 149–63, 219, 221, 226–8, 230–3, 277, Redekop, Magdalene, 130–1, 135, 138 282, 294, 324 Redhill, Michael, 230, 246 Québécois literature studies, 8, 20, 134 works by: Consolation, 230, 246 Québécois writers, 130, 141, 149, 150–3, region/s, 6, 17, 24–5, 33–5, 36, 39, 40, 43, 156, 160–1 165–6, 169, 185, 199–218, 220, 222, see also French Canada/French 227–8, 232, 317–19 Canadian/s American regionalism, 204 Quebec Act, 150 bioregions, 216 queerness/queer, 100, 118, 119 Comparative North American critical queer domesticity, 117, 118, 119, 120 regionalism, 199–218 queer writing, 100 Canadian regionalism, 143, 204–6, 209 Quiet Revolution, 135, 160, 203, 231, 289 nationalist regionalism, 202 Quijano, Aníbal, 37 Native American regionalism, 216 Quinones, Ricardo J., 260 neo-regionalism, 215 new regionalism, 203 Rabasa, George, 188 region building, 205 works by: Floating Kingdom, 188 regional renaissance, 203 race, 14, 22, 49, 50–4, 56, 59–60, 66–81, regional writing/regional literature, 24, 104–7, 109, 111–12, 113, 166, 167, 150, 165, 167, 188, 199–201, 213, 267 171, 175, 293, 310, 311 regionalism/regionalizing, 24, 34, 143, black presence, 68–9, 74, 79–80 165, 199–218, 241, 291 color-blindness/color-blind, 70, 72, 79 southwestern regionalism, 216 concept of race, the, 67–8, 75, 76, 80; Rehberg Sedo, DeNel, 307–8 race as a biological category, 67, religion, 34, 73, 103, 153, 190–1, 227, 249, 96, 103, 104–5; race as a scientific 264 category/scientific categorization, see also Catholicism/Catholic; 67; race as a social construct/social Protestantism/Protestant constructivism, 67–8, 103 révolution tranquille, la. See Quiet racelessness/raceless society, 58, 71–2, 74 Revolution racial identity (see identity) Richard, Zachary, 174 see also African Americans; African Richler, Mordecai, 241, 245, 300 Canadians; blackness/black/s; works by: The Apprenticeship of Duddy Caribbean Canadian; post-raciality Kravitz, 245; Son of a Smaller Hero, racial prerequisite cases, 104–9, 111, 114, 245; St. Urbain’s Horseman, 245 117–18, 120, 121, 122 Ricou, Laurence, 211–12, 213 racial profiling, 53 Riddel, Joseph N., 257–8, 261 racism, 53, 61, 62, 66, 68, 70–1, 73, 74, 77, Riding, Laura, 258, 260 78, 80, 81, 94–5, 168, 250, 252 works by: A Survey of Modernist Poetry, racism in Canada, 22, 58, 66–7, 70–3, 258, 260 78–9, 115, 249–51; benign racism, Riel, Louis, 166, 248 22, 66 Ringuet (Philippe Panneton), 159–60 racism in the United States, 22, 66, works by: Un monde était leur empire, 78–9, 121, 170 159–60 Radway, Janice, 316 Ríos, Alberto, 188, 189 Raîche, Joseph, 154, 155 works by: Capirotada: A Nogales Memoir, works by: “Une randonnée aux États- 189; The Curtain of Trees, 189; The Unis,” 154 Iguana Killers, 189 Index 413

Rivard, Adjutor, 206 Sapir, Edward, 273 Robert, Lucie, 8 works by: “French-Canadian Folk- Roberts, Charles G. D., 225, 267 Songs,” 273 Roberts, Gillian, 93, 301, 306–7 Sarett, Lew R., 273 works by: Prizing Literature, 93, 306–7 works by: “The Blue Duck: A Chippewa Robin, Régine, 167 Medicine Dance,” 273; “Chippewa Robinson, Eden, 94 Flute Song,” 273 works by: Monkey Beach, 94 Sarkowsky, Katja, 6, 22, 85–102, 131 Robinson, Rowland, 210 Sarris, Greg, 97, 98 Rogers, Amos Robert, 271–2 Scandinavia/Scandinavian, 57, 222 works by: “American Recognition of Schwartz, Sanford, 262 Canadian Authors Writing in English Scott, Duncan Campbell, 211, 225, 267, 1890–1960,” 271–2 272 romanticism/romantic literature, 169, Scott, F. R., 265–8, 270, 272 170, 223, 239–40, 242, 260, 264–6, works by: New Provinces: Poems of 273 Several Authors, 265–8 American Romanticism (see American seasonal nordicity. See North, the Renaissance) sections/sectionalism, 201–4 Roosevelt, Franklin D., 38, 91, 323 see also regions Roosevelt, Theodore, 203, 208 Seers, Eugène. See Dantin, Louis works by: “True Americanism,” 203 segregation, 50, 63, 70, 77–8, 171 Roosevelt Corollary, 38 economic segregation, 51 Rorty, Richard, 52, 53, 61, 62 social segregation, 50, 52, 70, 77–8, 171 Rosenthal, Caroline, 24–5, 26, 209, 220, Séjour, Victor, 170 222, 237–54, 290 self-conceptualizations, national. See Ross, Ian, 93 myth/s Ross, W. W. E., 269, 270 self-reflexivity/self-reflexiveness, 279, Roth, Philip, 287 280, 285, 286, 292 Rousseau, Guildo, 150–1, 159 Selmon, Stephen, 142 Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 170 Senna, Danzy, 75 Roy, Camille, 134, 206 works by: Caucasia, 75 works by: Histoire de la littérature September 11, 2001. See 9/11 canadienne, 133–4 Service, Robert, 225, 233 Roy, Gabrielle, 159, 231 works by: “The Cremation of Sam works by: Bonheur d’occasion, 231 McGee,” 233; Songs of a Sourdough, Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP), 225 225, 288 Seton, Ernest Thompson, 225 Ruiz de Burton, Mariá Ampara, 186 settler colony, 49, 63 Rushdie, Salman, 306 sexual orientation, 293 see also queerness/queer Sadowski-Smith, Claudia, 6, 10, 11, 24, Shah, Nayan, 104, 112–13, 117, 118, 119, 166, 185–97 120–1 works by: Border Fictions: Globalization, works by: Contagious Divides: Epidemics Empire, and Writing at the Boundaries and Race in San Francisco’s Chinatown, of the United States, 166, 167, 179; “A 112–13, 118, 120–1 Border Like No Other,” 166 Shell, Marc, 167 salad bowl, 49 Shields, Carol, 248, 252 Saldívar, José David, 116–17, 187, 316 works by: Unless, 248, 252 works by: The Dialectics of Our America, Shields, Rob, 220, 222, 224, 229, 230, 233 316 short story/short fiction, 44, 85, 94, 156, Sand, George (Amantine-Lucile-Aurore 189, 285, 287, 300 Dupin), 169 modern Canadian short story, 269 Sandburg, Carl, 259 Sielke, Sabine, 7, 16, 20, 21–2, 49–64 414 Index

Siemerling, Winfried, 8, 9, 10, 18, 79, 129, South America, 4, 5, 11, 38, 39–40, 44, 137, 141, 142, 143, 319 185, 247, 323 works by: Canada and Its Americas: see also Latin America; United States of Transnational Navigations, 10, 117, South America 129, 319 sovereignty/sovereign, 37, 38, 87, 97, 98, Silko, Leslie Marmon, 43, 87, 92, 94, 188 99, 202, 224, 315, 318, 321, 329 works by: Almanac of the Dead, 43, 94, intellectual sovereignty, 98 188 space/spatial dimensions, 24–5, 36, 85, Silvera, Makeda, 250 88, 94, 95, 98–9, 112, 116–17, 122–3, works by: The Heart Does Not Bend, 250 149, 169, 186, 206 –7, 209, 213, Sime, Jessie Georgiana, 245 215–17, 237–45, 247–8, 250–1, 253, works by: Sister Woman, 245 291, 317–19, 321, 325, 327 Simon, Sherry, 167 symbolic spaces, 24–5, 26, 191–3, 238, Sinclair, Bertrand, 245 241, 245, 253 works by: North of Fifty-Three, 245 Spain/Spanish, 7, 160, 166, 167, 169, 175, 273 Sinclair, Upton, 242 Spanish language, 6, 8, 42, 44, 165, 180 works by: The Jungle, 242 see also Hispanic culture/Hispanic Sitwell, Edith, 262 Spanos, William, 291, 321, 322, 325 Skinner, Constance Lindsay, 272, 273 works by: boundary 2: a journal of works by: “Songs of the Coast- postmodern literature, 291 Dwellers,” 273 spatial turn, 251 slavery/slaves, 51, 52, 56, 65, 66, 68–9, 71, Spender, Stephen, 267 77, 78, 166, 168, 170 Spengemann, William, 318 abolition of slavery, 68, 69 Spivak, Gayatri, 5, 13, 20, 96, 217, 306, Fugitive Slave Law, 69 315, 320 slave narratives (see narratives/ St. Germain, Sheryl, 181 narratology) Staley, Eugene, 38–9 Underground Railroad, 66, 69 works by: “The Myth of the small town, 25, 238, 240–1, 248 Continents,” 38–9 Smith, A. J. M., 136, 265–9, 270, 272, 318 star authors. See literary celebrity works by: The Book of Canadian Poetry: Stegner, Wallace, 208, 212, 213 A Critical and Historical Anthology, works by: Sound of Mountain Water, 208 269, 318; New Provinces: Poems of Stein, Gertrude, 258, 262, 303 Several Authors, 265–8; The Oxford works by: Everybody’s Autobiography, 303 Book of Canadian Verse: In English and Steinbeck, John, 159 French, 136 Steiner, Wendy, 262, 284 Smith, Henry Nash, 208 stereotypes, 19, 77, 176, 177, 328 Smith, Michael V., 192 Stewart, Anthony, 72, 74 works by: Cumberland, 192 Stoddard, Lothrop, 50 Smith, Neil, 323 works by: The Rising Tide of Color Smith, Russell, 248, 252 Against White World-Supremacy, 50 works by: Girl Crazy, 248; How Stone, Oliver, 52 Insensitive, 248; Muriella Pent, 248; films by: JFK, 52 Noise, 248, 252; Young Men, 248 Straight, Susan, 188 smuggling works by: Highwire Moon, 188 of drugs (see drugs/drug trafficking) Stratford, Philip, 136, 138 of people (see human trafficking) Stringer, Arthur, 270, 272, 301 Söderlind, Sylvia, 137, 138, 139, 140 structuralism, 261 Sollors, Werner, 57, 167 Sugars, Cynthia, 18 Souster, Raymond, 268 Sukenick, Ronald, 285, 286 South, the American, 66, 69, 167, 206–8 works by: Out, 286 Index 415

Supreme Court, 108, 113 transnationalism/transnational surfiction, 277, 285, 294 perspectives, 3, 4, 6, 9–11, 12–13, 15, surveillance, 195, 240 17–20, 21, 22–6, 33–5, 42, 43, 62, survival/survivance, 7, 87, 90, 99, 232, 86–8, 89, 90, 93, 98, 99–100, 106, 239 107–10, 111, 116–17, 118, 120, 122, Sutherland, John, 268, 269 136, 143, 168, 172, 186, 188–9, 199, works by: First Statement, 268–9, 271; 201, 210–11, 258, 272, 274, 299, 303, Other Canadians: An Anthology of the 304, 306, 313–36 New Poetry in Canada, 1940–1946, 269 transnational American Studies (see Sutherland, Ronald, 135, 289 American Studies) works by: The New Hero; Second Image, transnational identity (see identity) 135 transnational turn, 18, 105, 314 symbolic spaces. See space/spatial trauma, 51, 284, 286 dimensions historical trauma, 87 symbolism, 257, 261 travel narrative/s. See narratives/narratology Szalowski, Pierre, 230 Treaty of Paris of 1763, 227 works by: Le froid modifie la trajectoire Trehearne, Brian, 258, 270 des poissons, 230 Tremblay, Lise, 160, 161, 162 Szeman, Imre, 325 works by: La pêche blanche, 161, 162 tribe/tribal, 6, 43, 85, 90, 99, 100, 118 Tashjian, Dickran, 262 pan-tribal, 89, 91, 99 Taylor, Diana, 4–5, 11, 12–13 tribal identity, 95 Taylor, Drew Hayden, 93 tribal national/ism, 85, 90, 96, 100 Termination Policy, 93 trickster narratives. See narratives/ terrorism, 12, 42, 180, 186–7, 193–4, narratology 196–7, 289, 311, 313, 321, 326 Troncoso, Sergio, 189 Teuton, Sean, 87, 92, 96 Trudeau, Pierre, 58, 71, 289 works by: Red Land, Red Power, 96 Turner, Frederick J., 203–4, 206 Thacker, Robert, 200, 212–13 works by: “Sections and Nation,” 204; works by: The Great Prairie Fact and the The Significance of the Sections in Literary Imagination, 200, 212 American History, 204 theater. See drama two solitudes, 25, 133, 199, 295 thematic criticism, 9, 135, 205, 292 Ty, Eleanor, 109–10, 112, 319 Thériault, Yves, 160 works by: Unfastened: Globality and Asian Thien, Madeleine, 230 North American Narratives, 109–10 works by: Dogs at the Perimeter, 230 Thomas, Audrey, 293 uncanny, the, 142 Thomas, Clara, 240–1 Underground Railroad. See slavery Thomson, Tom, 223 Understanding Canada Program, 19 Toronto, 4, 25, 35, 44, 71, 78, 133, 245 undocumented immigration. See Toronto fiction, 230, 240–9, 252 immigration: illegal immigration Torres-Garcia, Joaquín, 37 United Kingdom. See Great Britain/British Tötösy, Steven, 15–16 United Nations, 39 tourism, 13, 62, 122–3, 194, 214, 249, 329 United States of America, 3, 4–6, 11, 12, transatlantic/transatlantic perspectives, 16, 17, 19, 21, 33–5, 36, 38–42, 49–56, 100, 169, 207, 211, 258, 269, 303–4 59, 62–3, 65, 71, 73, 96, 98, 105, 111, transculturalism, 90, 91, 92, 97, 98, 99, 142 114, 116, 150, 154, 159, 162, 163, 166, translation, 13, 44, 130, 138–9, 150, 151, 177, 178, 196, 2 01–2, 2 07, 277, 2 83 – 4, 152, 153, 162, 263, 313, 328–9 289, 291, 295, 300, 302, 313, 315, 317, see also linguistic borders/linguistic 319, 323, 326 differences see also America/American 416 Index

United States of South America, 9 Vonnegut, Kurt, 284, 286–7, 322 unity, 16, 202 works by: Slaughterhouse-Five, 284, Canadian unity, 7, 15, 24, 58, 205, 222, 286–7, 322 224, 232–3, 241, 288 Vorticism, 257 cultural unity, 52, 232 voyageur, 226–7 national unity, 56, 59–61, 196, 202–4, 215 Waddington, Miriam, 271 political unity, 202, 206 Walcott, Rinaldo, 69, 76 Updike, John, 287 Wallerstein, Immanuel, 37 urban, the, 24–5, 116, 223, 228–9, 232, war, 26, 37, 41, 313–36 237–54, 262, 268 American War of Independence, 331 urban centers, 229 Civil War, the, 68, 69, 202 urban fiction, 25, 159, 230, 237–54, 280 Gulf War, 320 urban spaces, 188, 228, 237, 240, 243, Iraq War, 308, 320–1, 324, 326 247 Mexican-American War, 34 urbanism/urbanization, 206 Vietnam War, 278, 283–4, 289, 290, see also city, the 295, 321–2, 325 Urquhart, Jane, 317, 325, 329–32 War in Afghanistan, 26 works by: Sanctuary Line, 317, 325, War of 1812, 324 329–32 War on Terror, 24, 193–4, 320, 322 Urrea, Luís Alberto, 189 World War I, 115, 223, 322–5 works by: Into the Beautiful North, 189 World War II, 38, 39, 40, 86, 115, 159, US-Canadian relations. See Canadian-US 283, 284, 287, 322, 324 relations see also Cold War war literature/war narratives, 284, 321–2, Vaillant, John, 311 329, 332–3 works by: The Tiger, 311 Canadian war literature, 324, 329 van Herk, Aritha, 216, 225, 293 Warrior, Robert Allen, 89, 92, 97, works by: Places Far from Ellesmere, 216, 98–9 225 works by: Tribal Secrets, 97, 98 Vancouver fiction, 245, 248 Watson, Sheila, 135 Vancouver, George, 293 works by: The Double Hook, 135 works by: Voyage of Discovery, 293 Weaver, Robert, 89, 300 Vautier, Marie, 8, 19, 23, 129–47, 290 Weber, Max, 20 Verdecchia, Guillermo, 44, 192, 320 Welch, James, 92, 99 works by: Citizen Suarez, 44; Fronteras works by: The Heartsong of Charging Americanas/American Borders, 44, 192; Elk, 99 A Line in the Sand, 320 West, the, 151 Verduyn, Christl, 136, 141–2 American Midwest, 34, 151, 310 Vespucci, Amerigo, 7 American Southwest, 34, 43, 187, 189, Victorian literature, 264, 269, 273, 290 196, 216 Vietnam War. See war American West, 207–9, 212, 227, Vigneault, Gilles, 224, 230 320 works by: “Mon Pays,” 224, 230 Canadian West, 56, 212, 214 Viramontes, Helena María, 189 West coast, 34, 117, 123, 141 virtual fencing. See surveillance Wharton, Edith, 242, 323 Vizenor, Gerald, 87, 89–91, 92, 94, 98, 99, works by: The Age of Innocence, 242; A 100 Son at the Front, 323 works by: Dead Voices, 94; The Heirs of White, Hayden, 284 Columbus, 100; Hiroshima Bugi, 100; White Paper, 93, 289 “Native American Indian Literatures: Whitehead, Colson, 75 Narratives of Survivance,” 90 works by: Apex Hides the Hurt, 75 Index 417 whiteness/white, 6, 23, 103–13, 115–18, Wong, Sau-ling, 110 122–4, 168, 171, 285, 308, 310 works by: Reading Asian American Caucasian, 103, 106 Literature, 110 whiteness studies, 104 Woodcock, George, 206 Whitman, Walt, 155, 156–8, 242, 261, 273 works by: The Meeting of Time and works by: “Mannahatta,” 242 Space: Regionalism in Canadian Wiebe, Rudy, 225, 293 Literature, 206 works by: A Discovery of Strangers, Woodsworth, J. S., 57 225; Playing Dead: A Contemplation works by: Strangers within Our Gates, 57 Concerning the Arctic, 225; The Woolf, Virginia, 262 Scorched-Wood People, 293; The World War. See war Temptations of Big Bear, 293 Wright, Richard, 159, 223 Wigen, Kären E., 36, 39 Wyile, Herb, 129, 130, 200, 201, Wilde, Oscar, 303 203, 205, 208, 209, 214, 215, 316, wilderness, 24–5, 222–3, 226–7, 230, 232, 318 238, 240, 248, 252, 306, 325 Williams, William Carlos, 203 xenophobia, 50, 52, 57, 61, 62 Willis, Nathaniel P., 202–3 winterity, 220, 228–9 Yamashita, Karen Tei, 44, 188, 391 Wiseman, Adele, 241, 245 works by: Tropic of Orange, 44, 188 works by: The Sacrifice, 245 York, Lorraine, 25–6, 299–312 Womack, Craig, 89, 100 Young, John, 308, 310 works by: Drowning in Fire, 100 Youssef, Marcus, 320 women, 52, 56, 104, 118–21, 124, 132, works by: A Line in the Sand, 320 136, 171, 208, 211, 222, 250–1, 262, 271, 305, 308, 327 Zacharias, Robert, 143 women’s writing, 88, 136, 142, 143, Zukin, Sharon, 247 188, 245, 248, 250, 262, 271, 287 works by: The Cultures of Cities, 247 see also écriture au féminin; feminism Zuñiga, Victor, 188