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Management Plan - for WEBSITE 31/8/02 12:13 pm Page 1 Management Plan 2002-2007 HADRIAN’S WALL WORLD HERITAGE SITE Management Plan - for WEBSITE 31/8/02 12:13 pm Page 2 Management Plan - for WEBSITE 31/8/02 12:13 pm Page 3 Hadrian’s Wall World Heritage Site Management Plan 2002-2007 Produced and published by English Heritage on behalf of Hadrian’s Wall World Heritage Site Management Plan Committee Written by Paul Austen and Dr Christopher Young Copyright on all photographs and illustrations remain with those organisations and individuals who have permitted their use. Copies of this publication and/or a Summary version are available from: Hadrian’s Wall Co-ordination Unit Abbeygate House Market Street, Hexham Northumberland NE46 3LX Telephone: 01434 605088 Fax: 01434 604680 email: [email protected] www.hadrians-wall.org Designed and printed by SPD Limited, Gateshead PAGE I Management Plan - for WEBSITE 31/8/02 12:13 pm Page 4 Management Plan - for WEBSITE 31/8/02 12:13 pm Page 5 Contents Page Figures Index Preface by the Rt Hon Tessa Jowell MP Foreword by Sir Neil Cossons,Chairman of English Heritage Part One:Description and Significance of the Site 1.1 The Need for a Management Plan 1 1.2 Site Description 2 1.2.1 Introduction 2 1.2.2 Geology & topography 2 1.2.3 Archaeological Information 3 1.2.3.1 Native pre-Roman 4 1.2.3.2 Arrival of the Romans in the North 4 1.2.3.3 Stanegate and its forts 4 1.2.3.4 Hadrian’s Wall and Bridges 5 1.2.3.5 Wall Ditch and Counterscarp Mound 6 1.2.3.6 Milecastles 6 1.2.3.7 Turrets 6 1.2.3.8 Cumberland Coastal system 7 1.2.3.9 Forts added to the Wall 7 1.2.3.10 Outpost Forts 8 1.2.3.11 Vallum 8 1.2.3.12 Civil Settlements and Cemeteries 9 1.2.3.13 Late Hadrianic modifications 9 1.2.3.14 Military Way,reduction in turrets and conversion of Turf Wall 10 1.2.3.15 Additional forts 10 1.2.3.16 Finds and Collections 10 1.2.4 Development of the Landscape 12 1.2.5 The Landscape Today 15 1.2.6 The Survival of the Resource 17 1.3 Interests in the World Heritage Site 20 1.3.1 Government 20 1.3.2 Local Government 22 1.3.3 Ownership Pattern and Management Roles 24 1.3.4 Cultural and Academic Interests 25 PAGE III Management Plan - for WEBSITE 31/8/02 12:13 pm Page 6 Page 1.3.5 Economic and Recreational Interests 26 1.3.5.1 Agriculture and Forestry 26 1.3.5.2 Tourism 27 1.3.5.3 Other recreational use 27 1.3.6 Local Communities 28 1.4 Statement of Significance and World Heritage Criteria 28 1.4.1 Statement of Significance 28 1.4.2 Material and workmanship,design and setting 29 1.4.3 Natural Values 30 1.4.4 Cultural values associated with the Hadrian’s Wall Military Zone 31 1.4.4.1 Identity value 31 1.4.4.2 Technical value 31 1.4.5 Contemporary Values 31 1.4.5.1 Economic value 31 1.4.5.2 Recreational and educational value 31 1.4.5.3 Social and political value 31 1.4.6 World Heritage Values 32 Part Two:Evaluation of the 1996 Hadrian’s Wall World Heritage Site Management Plan and Identification of Key Management Issues 2.1 1996 Hadrian’s Wall World Heritage Site Management Plan: Assessment of Achievement of Objectives,1996 - 2001 33 2.1.1 1996 - 2001 Objectives (see 1996 Plan,Section 4.4,pp 16 - 17) 33 2.1.2 Conclusions 42 2.2 Identification and Assessment of Key Management Issues 43 2.2.1 Introduction and General Issues 43 2.2.2 The Wider Policy Context 43 2.3 Protecting the World Heritage Site 43 2.3.1 Issue 1:The boundaries of the World Heritage Site and its Setting 43 2.3.2 Issue 2:the legislative and regulatory basis of protection of the WHS 45 2.3.3 Issue 3:the need for Risk Preparedness 46 2.4 Conserving the World Heritage Site 47 2.4.1 A Strategic Framework for Conservation in the WHS 48 Issue 4: the conservation of the special landscape character of the WHS and its Setting, while managing the processes of change 48 2.4.2 Landscape Setting Issue 5: the conservation of individual elements of archaeological, historical or natural environmental value within the WHS 50 PAGE IV Management Plan - for WEBSITE 31/8/02 12:13 pm Page 7 2.4.3 The Treatment of Standing Masonry 50 2.4.4 Archaeological Earthworks 51 2.4.5 Archaeological Sites under arable cultivation 52 2.4.6 Natural Habitats 53 2.5 Using and Enjoying the World Heritage Site 54 Issue 6: The contribution which the WHS and its Setting can make to the local economy 54 2.5.1 Tourism 54 2.5.2 Agriculture 57 2.5.3 Issue 7: Links between the WHS and the local communities around it 59 Issue 8: improvement of sustainable access to the WHS and its Setting 60 2.5.4 Transport 60 2.5.5 Access 61 Issue 9: The provision of high quality visitor facilities within the WHS 62 2.5.6 Visitor Facilities within the WHS 62 2.5.7 Interpretation 63 2.5.8 Reconstruction 65 Issue 10: the role of museums within the WHS within their diverse range of ownership and management 66 2.5.9 Museums and Intellectual Access 66 Issue 11: the improvement of the educational use of the WHS 68 2.5.10 Formal Education 68 The value of heritage to education 68 The value of education to heritage 68 The present state of educational provision along Hadrian’s Wall 69 2.6 Managing the World Heritage Site 69 Issue 12: Implementation and Review of the Management Plan 69 2.6.1 Implementation and co-ordination 70 2.6.2 Funding 71 2.6.3 Monitoring and Performance Measures 71 Issue 13: the need for adequate and improved information and understanding of the history, development and present use of the WHS 73 2.6.4 Research and Understanding 73 Part Three:Management Objectives 77 3.1 Introduction 77 3.2 The Vision 77 PAGE V Management Plan - for WEBSITE 31/8/02 12:13 pm Page 8 3.3 Aims for management of the World Heritage Site during the next thirty years,2001–2031 77 3.4 Medium Term Objectives 2002–2007 78 Part Four:Implementing the Plan 85 4.1 Introduction 85 4.2 Overseeing the Plan 85 4.3 Co-ordinating the Plan 86 4.4 Implementing the Plan 88 Bibliography 89 Part Five:Maps 1 to 12 Appendices Available on request from the Hadrian’s Wall Co-ordination Unit or from the following websites: www. english-heritage.org.uk and www.hadrians-wall.org 1. Geology and Landscape Features of the Hadrian’s Wall Corridor (B Young, British Geological Survey, Technical Report No. WA/00/48C) 2. Nature Conservation Interests 3. Summary of Legislation for Protection of Natural Heritage 4. Current position on Local Plan Policies 5. Hadrian’s Wall Visitor Surveys 2001 (Val Wooff, Research Services, Northumbria Tourist Board) Designed and printed by: SPD Limited, Gateshead. Telephone: 0191 461 9000 PAGE VI Management Plan - for WEBSITE 31/8/02 12:13 pm Page 9 Figures Index Copyright: English Heritage 2002. All rights reserved. The Hadrian’s Wall World Heritage Site Committee thanks all those people and organisations who have provided photographs and drawings for this publication. Front Cover : Hadrian’s Wall Co-ordination Unit Figure Description Copyright Numbers 1 The Whin Sill Hadrian’s Wall Co-ordination Unit 2 Walwick Fell, native settlement English Heritage 3 Walltown Crags Hadrian’s Wall Co-ordination Unit 4 Chesters Bridge reconstruction drawing English Heritage 5 Milecastle 39 Paul Darnell 6 Willowford East Turret Hadrian’s Wall Co-ordination Unit 7 Birdoswald Roman Fort English Heritage 8 Outpost fort at Bewcastle David Woolliscroft 9 Vallum near Limestone Corner Hadrian’s Wall Co-ordination Unit 10 Banks Turret 52a Hadrian’s Wall Co-ordination Unit 11 Centurial Stone Tyne and Wear Museums 12 Corbridge Lanx Museum of Antiquities 13 Irwin Coates drawings English Heritage/Ackworth School 14 Burgh-by-Sands Church, built from stones from the Roman Fort Hadrian’s Wall Co-ordination Unit 15 Shielings on Mons Fabricius Hadrian’s Wall Co-ordination Unit 16 Thirlwall Castle Hadrian’s Wall Co-ordination Unit 17 Walltown Quarry Hadrian’s Wall Co-ordination Unit 18 South Shields Excavation in 1875 Tyne & Wear Museums 19 Ship building cranes at Segedunum, Wallsend Hadrian’s Wall Co-ordination Unit 20 Line of Hadrian’s Wall east of Walton Hadrian’s Wall Co-ordination Unit 21 Solway Coast at Bowness Hadrian’s Wall Co-ordination Unit 22 Hadrian’s Wall near Buddle Street, Wallsend Hadrian’s Wall Co-ordination Unit 23 Clayton Wall Hadrian’s Wall Co-ordination Unit 24 Corbridge Roman Fort aerial photograph English Heritage 25 Maryport aerial photograph English Heritage 26 Segedunum Fort (Coates 1879) English Heritage/Ackworth School 27 Benwell Temple (Coates 1879) and 1999 English Heritage/Ackworth School 28 1999 Hadrian’s Wall Pilgrimage at Poltross Burn Hadrian’s Wall Co-ordination Unit 29 Re-enactment event by RAF in March 2002 Paul Darnell 30 Housesteads from the Knag Burn (Coates 1879) English Heritage/Ackworth School 31 Central Sector, Nine Nicks of Thirlwall Hadrian’s Wall Co-ordination Unit 32 Cyclists on Hadrian’s Wall Northumberland National Park PAGE vII Management Plan - for WEBSITE 31/8/02 12:13 pm Page 10 Figure Description Copyright Numbers 33 East gate at Birdoswald Roman Fort (Coates 1877) English Heritage/Ackworth School 34 Crag Lough Paul Darnell 35 The River Irthing near Birdoswald is designated a Site of Hadrian’s Wall Co-ordination Unit Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) 36 Vindolanda writing tablet The Vindolanda Trust 37 Pitching at Cuddy’s Crag Hadrian’s Wall Co-ordination Unit 38 Cattle shed at Walltown Farm Paul Darnell 39 Unconsolidated Wall and turret at Mucklebank, Walltown Hadrian’s Wall Co-ordination Unit 40 Geophysical survey at Carvoran Timescape Archaeological Services 41 Grricola the Lion at Corbridge Roman Site Hadrian’s Wall Co-ordination Unit 42 Coir matting to protect repair of erosion,
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