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A Parasite of Red Grouse (Lagopus Lagopus Scoticus)
THE ECOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY OF TRICHOSTRONGYLUS TENUIS (NEMATODA), A PARASITE OF RED GROUSE (LAGOPUS LAGOPUS SCOTICUS) A thesis submitted to the University of Leeds in fulfilment for the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy By HAROLD WATSON (B.Sc. University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne) Department of Pure and Applied Biology, The University of Leeds FEBRUARY 198* The red grouse, Lagopus lagopus scoticus I ABSTRACT Trichostrongylus tenuis is a nematode that lives in the caeca of wild red grouse. It causes disease in red grouse and can cause fluctuations in grouse pop ulations. The aim of the work described in this thesis was to study aspects of the ecology of the infective-stage larvae of T.tenuis, and also certain aspects of the pathology and immunology of red grouse and chickens infected with this nematode. The survival of the infective-stage larvae of T.tenuis was found to decrease as temperature increased, at temperatures between 0-30 C? and larvae were susceptible to freezing and desiccation. The lipid reserves of the infective-stage larvae declined as temperature increased and this decline was correlated to a decline in infectivity in the domestic chicken. The occurrence of infective-stage larvae on heather tips at caecal dropping sites was monitored on a moor; most larvae were found during the summer months but very few larvae were recovered in the winter. The number of larvae recovered from the heather showed a good correlation with the actual worm burdens recorded in young grouse when related to food intake. Examination of the heather leaflets by scanning electron microscopy showed that each leaflet consists of a leaf roll and the infective-stage larvae of T.tenuis migrate into the humid microenvironment' provided by these leaf rolls. -
Gunnerside, Swaledale – Conservation Area Character Appraisal
Gunnerside, Swaledale – Conservation Area Character Appraisal Designated – 29 January 2002 © Crown copyright, Yorkshire Dales NPA, Licence No. 100023740 2007 1 Introduction This draft character appraisal has been prepared as part of the Yorkshire Dales National Park Authority’s Conservation Area Strategy. It has been prepared by Blaise Vyner Heritage and Arts Consultancy and follows on from a guided walk and Conservation Area Workshop meeting held at Gunnerside on Saturday 20th January 2001 and further meetings on 12 June 2001 and 4 September 2001. 2 Location and setting Gunnerside is focused on the banks of the Gunnerside Beck, and cleaves to the east-west communication routes which follow the rising ground of the north valley side and which enabled the crossing of Gunnerside Gill above the flood plain of the River Swale. This situation, adopted by a number of other Swaledale villages, has rising hillsides to the north, but provides open views to the south, maximising the opportunities for daylight. The modern route through the village gives the impression of an almost linear settlement, but it is actually one with a series of focuses. The principal character of the village’s form derives from 17th century and earlier agricultural settlement, although today’s buildings owe much to the economic prosperity brought about by the lead mining industry of the 18th and 19th centuries. From the beck crossing and its approach, paths and tracks fan outwards, east and west along the Swale, and more particularly, up the valley side to Old Gang, Lownathwaite, and other lead mines and smelting mills. The tracks provides a framework upon which the settlement developed, variable in origin and structure so that now these various tracks are the most significant delineation of the various elements of the village. -
RAVENSWORTH Conservation Area Appraisal and Management Plan
RAVENSWORTH Conservation Area Appraisal and Management Plan Adopted September 2, 2015 Contents APPRAISAL Introduction Statement of Significance Location and Setting Historic Development and Archaeology Architecture and Building Materials • Ravensworth Castle • Architectural Style of the Village Buildings • Materials : Stone, Render, Brick, • Roofing : Stone Slate, Pantile, Interlocking Clay Tiles, Slate and Other Roofing Materials • Floorscape • Enclosures Fences and Gates • Street Furniture and Monuments Character • Function and Uses • Views and Approaches • Character Areas Ravensworth Castle The Village - The Green - Mill House Farm/Forge Farm - Mill Close and Tofta House Developments - Open Spaces and Trees Conclusions MANAGEMENT PLAN Preservation and Enhancement • Listed Buildings • Buildings at Risk • Preservation and Enhancement • Design Guidance • Wirescape • New Development • Sustainability • Action Points - Community Involvement - Useful Information, Appendices and Contact Details - Designations 1 Introduction Ravensworth was designated a Conservation Area in 1982. A Conservation Area is an “area of special architectural or historic interest the character or appearance or which it is desirable to preserve or enhance” (Section 69 of the Planning (Listed Building and Conservation Areas) Act 1990). Local Planning Authorities are required to “formulate and publish proposals for the preservation and enhancement of any parts of their area, which are Conservation Areas” (Section 71 of the Act). This Character Appraisal and Management -
Mining and Smelting in the Marske Area, Swaledale” British Mining No.50, NMRS, Pp.24-40
BRITISH MINING No.50 MEMOIRS 1994 Tyson, L.O. 1994 “Mining and Smelting in the Marske Area, Swaledale” British Mining No.50, NMRS, pp.24-40 Published by the THE NORTHERN MINE RESEARCH SOCIETY SHEFFIELD U.K. © N.M.R.S. & The Author(s) 1994. ISSN 0309-2199 BRITISH MINING No.50 MINING AND SMELTING IN THE MARSKE AREA, SWALEDALE. By Leslie Owen Tyson SYNOPSIS. This paper presents a re-assessment of smelting at one of the earliest and busiest smelt mill sites on the fringe of the Swaledale mineral belt. The few surviving documents which deal with the area's lead mines are used to date mining activity. INTRODUCTION. The Clints Smelt Mills were first described by Dr Arthur Raistrick in his book on the mines and smelt mills of Wensleydale & Swaledale in 1975. Since then, however, it has become necessary to re-evaluate some of his work in the light of new material being uncovered.1 A recent paper by Michael Gill on the smelt mills in the area demonstrated that Raistrick’s model for the Old Gang smelt mills was seriously flawed.2 It became clear that a re-examination of the Clints site might also show that his interpretation here is open to question. Whilst this paper does not provide a complete sequence of events regarding the succession of the mills, it does seek to interpret the very scant documentation and present the evidence in a more logical and reasoned progression. In all fairness, it should be pointed out that the books were written at a time when Dr Raistrick was ill in hospital and much of the research at Northallerton was done by friends who were not necessarily conversant with mining or its background. -
Richmondshire District Council Local Development Framework
Richmondshire District Council Local Development Framework Settlement Facilities Study June 2011 Settlement Facilities Study Contents Settlement Facilities Study 1 Introduction to the Study 1 Gathering Information 1 Maintaining the Information 1 Contact Details 1 The Central Richmondshire Area Summary 3 Settlement Facilities Analysis – Central Richmondshire 4 The Settlement Facilities Study – Central Richmondshire 5 The Lower Wensleydale Area Summary 13 Settlement Facilities Analysis – Lower Wensleydale 14 The Settlement Facilities Study – Lower Wensleydale 15 The North Richmondshire Area Summary 19 Settlement Facilities Analysis – North Richmondshire 20 The Settlement Facilities Study – North Richmondshire 21 Settlement Facilities Study Introduction to the Study This study is an assessment of the availability of services and facilities in those settlements in the part of Richmondshire District which is outside of the Yorkshire Dales National Park. This is known as the Plan Area. Some settlements however fall part inside the National Park, namely Hudswell, Downholme and East Witton, yet they have been included in this study. The purpose of this study is to help us to understand the role of each settlement in the local area and to guide us in planning for the future of each settlement and the Plan Area as a whole. Gathering Information This study has been updated from its original version which was compiled in June 2009. As part of this update a range of local sources have been used, including contact with and feedback from local Parish Councils and Meetings, information held by the Council, desktop studies, web resources and site visits to the relevant settlements. Maintaining the Information It is the nature of such studies that they date very quickly; therefore we will update this study on a regular basis. -
Swaledale & Arkengarthdale Barns & Walls Conservation Area Appraisal
Swaledale & Arkengarthdale Barns & Walls Conservation Area Appraisal Adopted Document Table of Contents Executive Summary 6 1.0 Introduction 8 1.1 Executive Summary 8 1.2 The Appraisal 8 2.0 Planning Policy Framework 10 2.1 What Is a Conservation Area? 10 2.2 Benefits of Designation 11 3.0 The Special Interest 13 3.1 General 13 3.2 Summary of the Special Interest of the Swaledale & Arkengarthdale Barns & Walls Conservation Area 13 3.3 Summary of Issues Threatening the Special Interest of the Conservation Area 14 9 4.0 Assessing Special Interest 15 4.1 Location and Setting 15 a) Location and Context 15 b) General Character 16 c) Landscape Setting 17 4.2 Historic Development and Archaeology 23 a) Historic Development of the Area 23 b) Archaeology 25 4.3 Spatial Analysis 25 a) Character and Interrelationship of Spaces within the Area 25 b) Key Views and Vistas 26 4.4 Character Analysis 29 a) Definition of Character Zones 29 b) Activity and Prevailing or Former Uses and Their Influence on Plan Form and Buildings 33 c) Quality of Buildings and Their Contribution to the Area 40 d) Audit of Listed Buildings 46 e) Settlements 48 f) Traditional Building Materials, Local Details and the Public Realm 54 g) Contribution Made to the Character of the Area by Green Spaces and Its Biodiversity Value 57 h) Values Attributed by the Local Community and Other Stakeholders 61 i) General Condition of the Swaledale & Arkengarthdale Barns & Walls Conservation Area 62 xx 5.0 Community Involvement 69 6.0 Boundary Changes 70 7.0 Useful Information, Appendices and -
Time Please! 'Lost' Inns, Pubs and Alehouses of the Yorkshire Dales
Time Please! ‘Lost’ Inns, Pubs and Alehouses of the Yorkshire Dales 1. Recognisances and Records of Victuallers and Alehouse Keepers From 1551 the law required registers to be kept by Quarter Sessions across the country, organised according to wapentake (a now obsolete administrative unit). The records included the name of the innholder or alehouse keeper, the township in which he or she operated, the amount of penalty he or she would be liable to for any infringement of the law, and the name and place of residence of whoever was standing surety for the licensee’s ‘good behaviour’. In most cases the name of the inn or alehouse was not included. An Act of 1822 (3 George II cap. 31) amended earlier legislation and for most, but not all, townships, the name of the licensed premises was included in the registers. The Alehouse Act 1828 abolished sureties and recognisances. An example of how 1828 legislation was applied is provided for the Kings Arms in Bentham with William Turner the licensee liable for £30 and James Burton who stood surety of £20 for Turner (West Riding QE32/75, 15 September 1828). It reads: West Riding of Yorkshire; at a general meeting of His Majesty’s Justices of the Peace acting in and for the Division of Ewcross, in the said West Riding of Yorkshire held at Ingleton in the Division and Riding aforesaid on Friday 5th September 1828. William Turner being the tenant and occupier of a house known by the sign of the Kings Arms in the township of Bentham in the said Division and Riding, victualler, acknowledges himself to -
Landscape Character Assessment Vol. 1
Richmondshire Landscape Character Assessment & Landscape Sensitivity Study Volume 1 - Landscape Character Assessment October 2019 Richmondshire Landscape Character Assessment & Landscape Sensitivity Study Volume 1 - Landscape Character Assessment Approved Dominic Watkins Position Director Date 21st October 2019 Revision Final CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background 1.2 Purpose of the Landscape Character Assessment 1.3 Policy Context 1.4 Landscape Character Assessment Methodology 1.5 Using the Landscape Character Assessment 2.0 THE LANDSCAPE OF RICHMONDSHIRE 2.2 Physical Influences 2.3 Human and Cultural Influences 3.0 LANDSCAPE CLASSIFICATION 3.1 General 3.2 National Character Context 3.3 County Character Context 3.4 Neighbouring Areas Character Context 3.5 Richmondshire Landscape Classification 4.0 PRINCIPLES FOR MANAGING LANDSCAPE CHANGE 4.1 General 4.2 Agriculture and Land Management 4.3 Development and Infrastructure 4.4 Climate Change 4.5 Mineral Extraction 5.0 LANDSCAPE CHARACTER DESCRIPTIONS 5.1 Local Landscape Character Type A: Moors 5.2 Local Landscape Character Type B: Moors Fringe 5.3 Local Landscape Character Type C: Dale 5.4 Local Landscape Character Type D: Narrow Valley 5.5 Local Landscape Character Type E: Broad Valley 5.6 Local Landscape Character Type F: Vale 6.0 RECOMMENDATIONS 6.1 General 6.2 Local Plan Policy 6.3 Development Management 6.4 Landscape Assessment Toolkit 6.5 Monitoring Landscape Change 6.6 Developing a Green infrastructure Strategy October 2019 Richmondshire Landscape Character Assessment -
Richmondshire District Council Does Not Currently Meet the Criteria for Electoral Inequality Ie
District Ward Boundary Review Richmondshire District Council Stage One - Council Size Submission to the Local Government Boundary Commission for England (April 2017) 1 Introduction The Local Government Boundary Commission for England (LGBCE) is an independent body that is responsible for conducting boundary and electoral reviews of principal authorities in England. Richmondshire District Council does not currently meet the criteria for electoral inequality ie. 30% of wards having a variance greater than +/- 10% of the average electorate per Member, however this threshold is likely to be reached in the very near future. As a result the Council decided in July 2016 to request the LGBCE to undertake an electoral review. This request was accepted and the review was included in their programme. The electoral review will examine whether the boundaries of wards within the local authority area need to be altered to ensure fair representation at the local government elections. In Richmondshire it has been identified that six of the twenty four wards have imbalances. The table below sets out the current imbalances in the District. No (%) Number of wards (>10%) 5 Number of wards (>20%) 0 Number of wards (>30%) 1 The Wards with the above variances are: (%) Brompton-on-Swale & Scorton 11% Hipswell 12% Hornby Castle 29% Middleton Tyas -14% Scotton -12% Swaledale -11% The main reasons for the electoral inequality arises from new housing developments, under registration of service personnel and population changes, the detail of which will be explained in the following sections. North Yorkshire County Council is not within the LGBCE programme for review and the County Council have indicated they will not be requesting a review of the County Divisions. -
Annales Zoologici Fennici 39: 21-28
ANN. ZOOL. FENNICI Vol. 39 • Breeding losses in red grouse 21 Ann. Zool. Fennici 39: 21–28 ISSN 0003-455X Helsinki 6 March 2002 © Finnish Zoological and Botanical Publishing Board 2002 Breeding losses of red grouse in Glen Esk (NE Scotland): comparative studies, 30 years on Kirsty J. Park1*, Flora Booth2, David Newborn2 & Peter J. Hudson1 1) Department of Biological Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, United Kingdom (*e-mail: [email protected]) 2) Game Conservancy Trust, Swale Farm Satron, Gunnerside, Richmond, North Yorkshire DL8 3HG, United Kingdom Received 5 April 2001, accepted 27 June 2001 Park, K. J., Booth, F., Newborn, D. & Hudson, P. J. 2002: Breeding losses of red grouse in Glen Esk (NE Scotland): comparative studies, 30 years on. — Ann. Zool. Fennici 39: 21–28. Hatching success, brood survival and predation rates of red grouse chicks were examined at four sites in north-east Scotland over two years (1994–1995). Two of these sites have previously been the focus of a large-scale population study on grouse during the late 1950s enabling a comparison to be made. A total of 85 hens were radio-tracked and their breeding success monitored over the two years. Compared with studies undertaken in the 1950s, mean clutch size had risen from 7.2 to 8.6 eggs. Of the 76 nests monitored, 17 (22.4%) broods were lost either through egg or chick predation or by the adult being taken by a predator during incubation. Stoats appeared to be responsible for the largest amount of egg predation. -
Nortr1an F. Browat
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Item No. 8 Yorkshire Dales Access Forum – 24 November 2020
Item No. 8 Yorkshire Dales Access Forum – 24 November 2020 Officer’s Report Purpose of the Report The following report brings together, in one place, a collection of items for Members consideration and information. Authority Meetings Any member of the Yorkshire Dales Access Forum can attend Authority Meetings as a member of the public. Please contact Clare Tamea for a copy of the agenda and supporting papers. Please note, it is not a requirement for members of the YDAF to attend Authority meetings, so it is not an ‘approved duty’ and LAF members cannot claim expenses for attending such meetings. Authority Meeting Dates and Venues for 2020/2021: Date Venue Time 15 December 2020 Lifesize virtual meeting 13.00 30 March 2021 TBC 13.00 29 June 2021 TBC 10.30 28 September 2021 TBC 13.00 14 December 2021 TBC 13.00 NB. During the lockdown period meetings have taken place on the Lifesize virtual meeting platform. Please check closer to the time for up to date information. Meetings of the Yorkshire Dales Access Forum for 2021 The following are the dates for meetings during 2021 (venues tbc nearer the time): Tuesday 18 May 2021, 1.15 pm @ Yoredale, Bainbridge Tuesday 23 November 2021, 1.15 pm @ Yoredale, Bainbridge 1 Yorkshire Dales Access Forum Membership Due to Covid 19, the annual application process for membership of the Yorkshire Dales Access Forum has been suspended for this year. Those members that were reaching the end of their three year term have been invited to sit on the forum for a further year, when the recruitment process will be revisited.