Habitat III National Report 2015
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THE KINGDOM OF LESOTHO Habitat III National Report 2015 Third United Nations Conference on Housing and Sustainable Urban Development (HABITAT III) May, 2015 Ministry of Local Government and Chieftainship Affairs Lesotho Country Report Page 1 Third United Nations Conference on Housing and Sustainable Urban Development (Habitat III) FOREWORD Twenty years could seem like a long time yet it may just be sufficient time to introspect, reflect and chart the way forward in addressing so many imperatives to improve the quality of life in human settlements. Like the rest of the nations of the world, Lesotho recognizes that what happens to daily lives and well-being of citizens is profoundly and inextricably related to how we manage and support our human settlements processes. The Report presented here is a compilation of successes and challenges over the past twenty years. We will henceforth strive to improve on our successes and address challenges . When we do that, it will be evidence that as a country we are making progress. From Habitat I in Vancouver, whose theme was Sustainable Human Settlements, Governments began to recognize consequences of rapid urbanization as a global issue that need to be addressed collectively. The theme of Habitat II held in Istanbul was Adequate Shelter and Sustainable Human Settlements Development in an Urbanizing World and now to setting the New Urban Agenda, Lesotho is in unison with the rest of the world that human beings are at the centre of efforts towards sustainable development that is also in harmony with nature. Lesotho has steep terrain that poses a challenge for infrastructure provision and climate change adaptation mechanisms. Strides have been made in addressing these even though they are not yet adequate. The process of reviewing progress and pitfalls in the human settlements sector offers us a unique opportunity to once again commit our efforts to the important goal of attaining sustainability in human settlements development. Together with and with assistance from our development partners we have made progress towards deepening democracy through decentralization, compiling a comprehensive Housing Profile that will lead to the formulation of a Housing Policy and provision of basic infrastructure and health facilities that extend to rural and remote areas. As we set the Agenda for the coming twenty years we will seek to continuously improve our human settlement strategies by reviewing our policy, institutional and legislative frameworks. By improving the environment for human settlements planning and management within the decentralized context we hope and believe that by 2036 we will have Lesotho that every citizen will be proud to call home. Pontšo ‘Matumelo Sekatle Minister of Local Government and Chieftainship Lesotho Country Report Page 2 Third United Nations Conference on Housing and Sustainable Urban Development (Habitat III) Contents Pages PREFACE................................................................................................................................................. i LIST OF TABLES...................................................................................................................................iv LIST OF MAPS , FIGURES AND PHOTOS........................................................................................iv ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS.................................................................................................. v INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................................... 1 1.0 URBAN DEMOGRAPHIC ISSUES AND CHALLENGES FOR THE NEW URBAN AGENDA................................................................................................................................................. 3 1.1 Managing Rapid Urbanisation.................................................................................................. 3 1.2 Managing Rural-Urban Linkages..............................................................................................7 1.3 Addressing Urban Youth Needs................................................................................................ 8 1.4 Responding to the Needs of the Aged............................................................................................. 9 1.5 Integrating Gender in Urban Development............................................................................. 10 1.6 Challenges Experienced and Lessons Learnt in these Areas................................................... 13 1.7 Future Challenges and Issues in these Areas (1-5) that could be Addressed by a New Urban Agenda............................................................................................................................................... 13 2.0 LAND AND URBAN PLANNING: ISSUES AND CHALLENGES FOR A NEW URBAN AGENDA............................................................................................................................................... 14 2.1 Ensuring Sustainable Urban Planning and Design.................................................................. 14 2.2 Improving Urban Land Management, Including Addressing Urban Sprawl...........................15 2.3 Enhancing Urban and Peri-urban Food Production.................................................................18 2.4 Addressing Urban Mobility Challenges.................................................................................. 19 2.5 Improving Technical Capacity to Plan and Manage Cities......................................................20 2.6 Challenges Experienced and Lessons Learnt in these Areas................................................... 20 2.7 Future Challenges and Issues in These Areas That could be Addressed by a New Urban Agenda............................................................................................................................................... 21 3.0 ENVIRONMENT AND URBANISATION: ISSUES AND CHALLENGES FOR A NEW URBAN AGENDA................................................................................................................................ 23 3.1 Addressing Climate Change................................................................................................... 23 3.2 Disaster Risk Reduction......................................................................................................... 26 3.3 Reducing Traffic Congestion.................................................................................................. 28 3.4 Air Pollution........................................................................................................................... 31 3.5 Challenges Experienced and Lessons Learnt in These Areas..................................................32 3.6 Future Challenges and Issues in These Areas that could be Addressed by a New Urban Agenda............................................................................................................................................... 33 4.0 URBAN GOVERNANCE AND LEGISLATION: ISSUES AND CHALLENGES FOR A NEW URBAN AGENDA................................................................................................................................ 34 4.1 Improving Urban Legislation..................................................................................................34 Lesotho Country Report Page 3 Third United Nations Conference on Housing and Sustainable Urban Development (Habitat III) 4.2 Decentralisation and Strengthening of Local Authorities........................................................36 4.3 Improving Participation and Human Rights in Urban Development.......................................39 4.4 Enhancing Urban Safety and Security.................................................................................... 40 4.5 Improving Social Inclusion and Equity...................................................................................42 4.6 Challenges Experienced and Lessons Learnt in these Areas................................................... 42 4.7 Future Challenges and Issues in These Areas That could be Addressed by a New Urban Agenda............................................................................................................................................... 43 5.0 URBAN ECONOMY: ISSUES AND CHALLENGES FOR A NEW URBAN AGENDA........45 5.1 Improving Municipal/Local Finance.......................................................................................45 5.2 Strengthening and Improving Access to Housing Finance......................................................48 5.3 Creating Decent Jobs and Livelihoods....................................................................................49 5.4 Supporting Local Economic Development............................................................................. 50 5.5 Integration of Urban Economy into National Development Policy.........................................51 5.6 Challenges Experienced and Lessons Learnt in these Areas................................................... 52 5.7 Future Challenges and Issues in These Areas That could be Addressed by a New Urban Agenda............................................................................................................................................... 53 6.0 HOUSING AND BASIC SERVICES: ISSUES AND CHALLENGES FOR A NEW URBAN AGENDA..............................................................................................................................................