DOCSLIB.ORG

The Basuto Rebellion, Civil War and Reconstruction, 1880-1884

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Basuto Rebellion, Civil War and Reconstruction, 1880-1884 University of Nebraska at Omaha DigitalCommons@UNO Student Work 7-1-1973 The Basuto rebellion, civil war and reconstruction, 1880-1884 Douglas Gene Kagan University of Nebraska at Omaha Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unomaha.edu/studentwork Recommended Citation Kagan, Douglas Gene, "The Basuto rebellion, civil war and reconstruction, 1880-1884" (1973). Student Work. 441. https://digitalcommons.unomaha.edu/studentwork/441 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UNO. It has been accepted for inclusion in Student Work by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UNO. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE BA5UT0 REBELLION, CIVIL WAR, AND RECONSTRUCTION, 1B8O-1804 A Thesis Presented to the Dapartment of History and the Faculty of the Graduate College ‘University of Nebraska at Omaha In Partial Fulfillment if the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts by Douglas Gene Kagan July 1973 UMI Number: EP73079 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI EP73079 Published by ProQuest LLC (2015). Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 t Accepted for the faculty of The Graduate College of the University of Nebraska at Omaha, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Art3. Graduate Committee Departme Chairman PREFACE The author embarked on this study because most accounts of this Basuto crisis do not uncover and properly interpret the events which transpired. Historical thought on tha British Empire and Commonwealth in recent years has shifted from dissemination of the "civilize the despicable and barbarous na­ tive with a gun or a Bible for the glory of the Empire" line of thought to a circulation of the "destruction of the pure and innocent native tribes by the gluttonous and malignant spread of European civilization" line of reasoning. This work, it is hoped, will illustrate the fallacies in both schools of thought in regard to Basutoland. The basic argument in this thesis contends that the Basuto conflict was not caused by opposition of the entire tribe to disarmament but rather by civil insurrection and rebellion of one section of the tribe against lawful authority. Up to this time, there has been written no adequate history of the Dasuto Rebellion, Civil War, and Reconstruction, 1800-1884. Some secondary works cited supply much of the background; other books are outdated, incom­ plete, or inferior studies. My thesis is intended to fill a gap in historical thought and to rectify a historical error perpetuated since 1884. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS In the preparation of this thesis, I have received generous help from a number of people. I am grateful to Dr. A. Stanley Xrickett for reading the manuscript, offering many helpful suggestions, and awaiting with divine pa­ tience its completion; to Mrs. Marlene Bernstein for advice and comments, and to the authors of works cited in my footnotes. CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE PREFACE iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iv I. ADJUSTMENT OF BASUTOLAND TO EUROPEAN DOMINATION Basutoland under British rule --- Basutoland under Cape Colony rule --- Basuto labor in the diamond fields — - The Quthing Question. II. PRELUDE TO CRISIS 24 The Sprigg visit to Basutoland and the Proclamation of the Peace Preservation Act — - Basuto opposition to disarmament and the response of the Cape Parliament --- The French missionaries oppose the disarmament policy. III. THE THREATENING TEMPEST 53 The British Parliament debates the Peace Preservation Act --- Heightened Basuto resistance to disarmament — - Basuto militia and police. IV. THE BASUTO CIVIL WAR 67 Causes of the civil war and later rebellion --- The Basuto Civil War, June-September 1880 -— Sprigg examines conditions in Basu­ toland — The recall of Governor Frere — Cape Colony mobilizes for war. V. THE BASUTO REBELLION 105 September 1880 --- October 1880 November 1880 -— December 1880 January 1881 February 1881 -— March 1881 --- Malevolent meddling by French missionaries — — Contemplation of British military assistance --- Potential British intervention in the conflict♦ v VI. THE BASUTO RECONSTRUCTION The end of the war and the Robinson Award --- Commentary on and implications of the colonial and rebel military conduct in the rebellion --- Reconstruction: First Phase — - Reconstruction: Second Phase -— ‘'Chinese” Gordon and Basuto Reconstruction --- The Basutoland Losses Commission. VII. BASUTOLAND REVERTS TO BRITISH RULE VIII. CONCLUSION APPENDIX A Act for the Disannexation of Basutoland from the Colony of the Cape of Good Hope PHOTOGRAPHIC REPRODUCTIONS AND MAPS Sir Bartle Frere Sir Hercules Robinson Sir Philip V/odehouse Sir Marshal Clarke Sir John Charles Molteno Major-General Sir J. G. Dartnell Moshesh I Eugene Casalis Lerothodi I Thaba Bosigo Masupha A Mosuto warrior Basuto assegais Major G. R. Dears leading the PAG bayonet charge against the village of Lerothodi, October 22, 1880 Attack on Lerothodi's village Native territories neighboring Basutoland 230 The attack on Maseru 231 Battle of Kalabani 232 Map of Basutoland 233 Leribe and Berea Districts 234 Thaba Bosigo District 235 Cornet Spruit and Quthing Districts 236 Partial family tree listing descendents of Chief Moshesh I 237 Bibliography 238 0 vii CHAPTER I ADJUSTMENT OF BASUTOLAND TO EUROPEAN DOMINATION BASUTOLAND UNDER BRITISH RULE Ths Rasutos did not become an organised tribe and therefore not a promi­ nent factor in British affairs until 1818, when Moshesh, a minor chief (Infra, family tree, p. 239, PI. XXV ; illust., p. 225, PI. VII), unified remnants of various clans scattered by Zulu and Matabele raids. After these incursions stopped, a greater threat arose from the trekker Boers, who coveted Basuto land but refused to recognize the suzerainty of Moshesh. Chief Moshesh because of this threat continuously sought British protection, and his pleas became more plaintful as the Boers seized more of his land"!1 When a military expedi­ tion under a Major Warden from Cape Colony attempted to intimidate the tribe into accepting definite boundaries with the Boers, Moshesh smashed this force 2 and soon after destroyed a punitive expedition commanded by a General Cathcart. Chief Moshesh, nevertheless, desperately sought British protection in 3 4 1868, and, on March 12, 1868, Basutoland became British territory; the Duka of Buckingham, then Colonial Secretary, yielding to the insistent pleas of Mo­ shesh for protection when it appeared to London that the Boers threatened the iBasutoland, Report for the Year 1963 (London: HMS0, 1964), p. 123. 2 Lord Hailey, The Republic of 5outh Africa and the High Commission Terri­ tories (London: Oxford University Press, 1263), pp. 15-l6. 3 Austin Coates, Basutoland (London: HM5Q, 1966), p. 37; Richard P. Stevens, Lesotho, Botswana, and Swaziland (New York: Frederick A- Praeger, 1967), pp. 24-25. Hereafter cited as Stavsns, Lesotho, etc. ^The Basutos became British subjnets but not protected persons until Ba­ sutoland received protectorate status in 1884, W. E. 5imnett, The British Co­ lonial Empire (London: Geo. Allen &. Unwin Ltd., 1949), p. 108. 1 2 5 Basutos with extinction. Britain had not wanted to increase the financial burden of administering her Empire during this period, but the annexation of Basutoland seemed the only method to maintain a peace on the frontiers of Cape Colony and to protect the stability of the Empire^ Earlier, in 1B66, the Orange Free State had closed mission stations in Basuto territory after Boer commandos had overrun much of the region. Another factor leading to the an­ nexation was growing British fear that the Boer republic would secure an east 0 coast seaport. The Colonial Secretary at first had thought that Governor Sir Philip Wodehouse had exceeded his authority by annexing Basutoland but later 9 advised the governor to act at his own discretion. Soon after, however, the Cape"Parliament expressed some hostility to the Wodehouse actions, contending that hs had exceeded his instructions. The parliament berated London for con­ senting to an annexation which excused the Imperial Government from financial Great Britain, Parliament, Hansard’s Parliamentary Debates, 3rd ser., Vol. 257 (1881), p. 1073, 5ir Henry Holland speaking, January 20, 1881. Here­ after cited as Hansard, etc.; Great Britain, Parliament, Sessional Papers (House of Commons), (1883), XLVIXI: "Correspondence Respecting the Affairs of Basutoland," 330, Mr. ’Wood speaking on^a memorandum of the Basutos in the House of Representatives. Hereafter cited as 13.j5.P., (date), etc. ^Margaret L. Hodgson and W. G. Ballinger, Indirect Rule in Southern Afri­ ca , (Mo. 1) Basutoland (Lovedale, Cape Colony: Lovedale Press, 1931), p. 7. ; Hereafter cited as Hodgson and Ballinger, Indirect Rule. ^Orange Free State: This Boer republic bordered Cape Colony on tTie north and Basutoland on the north and west, Eric Rosenthal, ed . , Encyclopedia of Southern Africa -"(London: 1961), p. 374. Hereafter cited as Rosenthal, ed., Encyclopedia. 8 Stevens, Lesotho,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Click Here to Download
    The Project Gutenberg EBook of South Africa and the Boer-British War, Volume I, by J. Castell Hopkins and Murat Halstead This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org Title: South Africa and the Boer-British War, Volume I Comprising a History of South Africa and its people, including the war of 1899 and 1900 Author: J. Castell Hopkins Murat Halstead Release Date: December 1, 2012 [EBook #41521] Language: English *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SOUTH AFRICA AND BOER-BRITISH WAR *** Produced by Al Haines JOSEPH CHAMBERLAIN, Colonial Secretary of England. PAUL KRUGER, President of the South African Republic. (Photo from Duffus Bros.) South Africa AND The Boer-British War COMPRISING A HISTORY OF SOUTH AFRICA AND ITS PEOPLE, INCLUDING THE WAR OF 1899 AND 1900 BY J. CASTELL HOPKINS, F.S.S. Author of The Life and Works of Mr. Gladstone; Queen Victoria, Her Life and Reign; The Sword of Islam, or Annals of Turkish Power; Life and Work of Sir John Thompson. Editor of "Canada; An Encyclopedia," in six volumes. AND MURAT HALSTEAD Formerly Editor of the Cincinnati "Commercial Gazette," and the Brooklyn "Standard-Union." Author of The Story of Cuba; Life of William McKinley; The Story of the Philippines; The History of American Expansion; The History of the Spanish-American War; Our New Possessions, and The Life and Achievements of Admiral Dewey, etc., etc.
    [Show full text]
  • The Interaction Between the Missionaries of the Cape
    THE INTERACTION BETWEEN THE MISSIONARIES OF THE CAPE EASTERN FRONTIER AND THE COLONIAL AUTHORITIES IN THE ERA OF SIR GEORGE GREY, 1854 - 1861. Constance Gail Weldon Pietermaritzburg, December 1984* Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Historical Studies, University of Natal, 1984. CONTENTS Page Abstract i List of Abbreviations vi Chapter 1 Introduction 1 Chapter 2 Sir George Grey and his ’civili­ zing mission’ 16 Chapter 3 The missionaries and Grey 1854-6 55 Chapter 4 The Cattle Killing 1856/7 99 Chanter 5 The Aftermath of the Cattle Killing (till 1860s) 137 Chapter 6 Conclusion 174 Appendix A Principal mission stations on the frontier 227 Appendix B Wesleyan Methodist and Church of Scotland Missionaries 228 Appendix C List of magistrates and chiefs 229 Appendix D Biographical Notes 230 Select Bibliography 233 List of photographs and maps Between pages 1. Sir George Grey - Governor 15/16 2. Map showing Cape eastern frontier and principal military posts 32/33 3. Map showing the principal frontier mission stations 54/55 4. Photographs showing Lovedale trade departments 78/79 5. Map showing British Kaffraria and principal chiefs 98/99 6. Sir George Grey - 'Romantic Imperialist' 143/144 7. Sir George Grey - civilian 225/226 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to acknowledge with thanks the financial assistance rendered by the Human Sciences Research Council towards the costs of this research. Opinions expressed or conclusions arrived at are those of the author and are not to be regarded as those of the Human Sciences Research Council.
    [Show full text]
  • Literature Review on Decentralization in Lesotho
    Public Disclosure Authorized Kingdom of Lesotho Local Governance, Decentralization and Demand-Driven Service Delivery VOLUME II: ANNEXES Public Disclosure Authorized DRAFT REPORT - CONFIDENTIAL WORLD BANK Public Disclosure Authorized IN COLLABORATION WITH GOVERNMENT OF LESOTHO, GTZ, AND FAO JUNE 27, 2007 Public Disclosure Authorized Table of Contents ANNEX 1: LITERATURE REVIEW ON DECENTRALIZATION IN LESOTHO 3 ANNEX 2: DETAILED ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ACT 10 ANNEX 3A: STATUS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROVISIONS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT ACT AS AMENDED .10 ANNEX 3.B STATUS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ACT IN THE SECTORS ..........................................................18 ANNEX 3: CONCEPT PAPER ON CHANGE MANAGEMENT 27 ANNEX 4: PERCEPTIONS OF DECENTRALIZATION AT COMMUNITY AND DISTRICT LEVEL 31 ANNEX 4. 1 ADDITIONAL DETAILS ON METHODOLOGY, CCS AND VILLAGES ..................................................31 ANNEX 4.2 THE STORY OF MR POTSO CHALLENGING THE RIGHT TO FINE WITHOUT ISSUING RECEIPT ............32 ANNEX 5: PRIORITIES, ACCESS AND QUALITY OF SERVICES 33 ANNEX TABLE 5.1: PRIORITY AND ACCESS TO SERVICES ACROSS VILLAGES WITH DIFFERENT ROAD ACCESS ..33 ANNEX FIGURE 5.1: SERVICE PRIORITY IN THABA-TSEKA ...............................................................................34 ANNEX FIGURE 5.2: SERVICE ACCESS IN THABA-TSEKA..................................................................................35 ANNEX TABLE 5.2: STATUS OF SERVICES FOUND IN VILLAGES VISITED BY THE TEAM..................................36 ANNEX
    [Show full text]
  • LESOTHO SITUATION REPORT - June 2016
    UNICEF LESOTHO SITUATION REPORT - June 2016 Lesotho Humanitarian Situation Report June 2016 ©UNICEF/Lesotho/2015 Situation in Numbers Highlights UNICEF provided support for the completed Lesotho Vulnerability 310,015 Assessment Committee (LVAC), which revised the number of people Children affected requiring humanitarian assistance from 725,000+ down to 679,437. UNICEF is reaching 69,000 of the most vulnerable children (51% girls), through its Cash Grant Top Up response, which provides relief 64,141 for families in response to the food price shock during the winter Children under 5 affected months. The rapid assessment of schools indicates that 30% of schools are in need of immediate water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) 69,000 support. This means there is insufficient water for over 100,000 Vulnerable children in need of social children in all districts. Poor WASH services in schools have shown safety nets to result in low attendance and high drop-out rates. UNICEF’s WASH interventions are progressing in Mohale’s Hoek (the most drought stricken district) with 7 community tanks installed in the 534,508 most vulnerable communities. These communities will receive water People currently at risk of food tankering services, reaching an estimated 5,000 people (55% female; insecurity 41% children). During the first week of July, construction/re-habilitation will begin on community water supply schemes in Berea, Botha Buthe and 679,437 Mohale’s Hoek. This will benefit 15 most vulnerable communities, reaching 23,809 people (56% female; 45% are children). People in need of humanitarian Water purification and WASH messaging are being undertaken in assistance (LVAC) Mokhotlong and Thaba Tseka reaching 80,000 people (52% female; *All numbers above are from the Rapid Drought 49% children), starting the first week of July.
    [Show full text]
  • Proquest Dissertations
    I^fefl National Library Bibliotheque naiionale • T • 0f Canada du Canada Acquisitions and Direction des acquisitions et Bibliographic Services Branch des services bibliographiques 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa, Ontario Ottawa (Ontario) K1A0N4 K1A0N4 v'o,/rM<* Volt? rottiU'iKc Our lilu Nolle tit&rtsnca NOTICE AVIS The quality of this microform is La qualite de cette microforme heavily dependent upon the depend grandement de la qualite quality of the original thesis de la these soumise au submitted for microfilming. microfilmage. Nous avons tout Every effort has been made to fait pour assurer une qualite ensure the highest quality of superieure de reproduction. reproduction possible. If pages are missing, contact the S'il manque des pages, veuillez university which granted the communiquer avec I'universite degree. qui a confere Ie grade. Some pages may have indistinct La qualite d'impression de print especially if the original certaines pages peut laisser a pages were typed with a poor desirer, surtout si les pages typewriter ribbon or if the originates ont ete university sent us an inferior dactylographies a I'aide d'un photocopy. ruban use ou si I'univeioite nous a fait parvenir une photocopie de qualite inferieure. Reproduction in full or in part of La reproduction, meme partielle, this microform is governed by de cette microforme est soumise the Canadian Copyright Act, a la Loi canadienne sur Ie droit R.S.C. 1970, c. C-30, and d'auteur, SRC 1970, c. C-30, et subsequent amendments. ses amendements subsequents. Canada Maqoma: Xhosa Resistance to the Advance of Colonial Hegemony (1798-1873) by Timothy J.
    [Show full text]
  • GENERAL AGREEMENT on ^ TARIFFS and TRADE *> *****1958
    GENERAL AGREEMENT ON ^ TARIFFS AND TRADE *> *****1958 Limited Distribution APPLICATION OF THE GENERAL AGREEMENT Territories to which the Agreement is applied Annexed hereto is a list of the contracting parties and of the territories (according to information available to the secretariat) in respect of which the application of the Agreement has been made effective. This list is a revision of that which appeared in document G/5 under date of 17 March 1952. If there are any inaccuracies in this list, the contracting parties concerned are requested to notify the Executive Secretary not later than 1 October 1958 so that a revised list can be issued, if necessary, before the opening of the Thirteenth Session* L/843 Paee 2 Contracting parties to GATT and territories In respeot ot which the application of the Agreement has been made affective AUSTRALIA (Including Tasmania) AUSTRIA BELGIUM BELGIAN CONGO RUANDA-URUNDI (Trust Territory) BRAZIL (Including islands: Fernando de Noronha (including Rocks of Sao Pedro, Sao Paolo, Atoll das Rocas) Trinidad and Martim Vas) BURMA CANADA CEYLON CHILE (Including the islands of: Juan Fernandez group, Easter Islands, Sala y Gomez, San Feliz, San Ambrosio and western part of Tierra del Fuego) CUBA (Including Isle of Pines and some smaller islands) CZECHOSLOVAKIA DENMARK (Including Greenland and the Island of Disko, Faroe Islands, Islands of Zeeland, Funen, Holland, Falster, Bornholm and some 1700 small islands) DOMINICAN REPUBLIC (Including islands: Saona, Catalina, Beata and some smaller ones) FINLAND FRANCE (Including Corsica and Islands off the French Coast, the Saar and the principality of Monaco)! ALGERIA CAMEROONS (Trust Territory) FRENCH EQUATORIAL AFRICA FRENCH GUIANA (Including islands of St.
    [Show full text]
  • Mundella Papers Scope
    University of Sheffield Library. Special Collections and Archives Ref: MS 6 - 9, MS 22 Title: Mundella Papers Scope: The correspondence and other papers of Anthony John Mundella, Liberal M.P. for Sheffield, including other related correspondence, 1861 to 1932. Dates: 1861-1932 (also Leader Family correspondence 1848-1890) Level: Fonds Extent: 23 boxes Name of creator: Anthony John Mundella Administrative / biographical history: The content of the papers is mainly political, and consists largely of the correspondence of Mundella, a prominent Liberal M.P. of the later 19th century who attained Cabinet rank. Also included in the collection are letters, not involving Mundella, of the family of Robert Leader, acquired by Mundella’s daughter Maria Theresa who intended to write a biography of her father, and transcriptions by Maria Theresa of correspondence between Mundella and Robert Leader, John Daniel Leader and another Sheffield Liberal M.P., Henry Joseph Wilson. The collection does not include any of the business archives of Hine and Mundella. Anthony John Mundella (1825-1897) was born in Leicester of an Italian father and an English mother. After education at a National School he entered the hosiery trade, ultimately becoming a partner in the firm of Hine and Mundella of Nottingham. He became active in the political life of Nottingham, and after giving a series of public lectures in Sheffield was invited to contest the seat in the General Election of 1868. Mundella was Liberal M.P. for Sheffield from 1868 to 1885, and for the Brightside division of the Borough from November 1885 to his death in 1897.
    [Show full text]
  • Brighter South Africa
    BRIGHTER SOUTH AFRICA. 101 CHAPTER I. Off to the Cape-SIr Donald Currie-Need of InformatlOD­ The Cape as a Health Resorr.-The Umon Company-The Great Scot. I AM off to the Cape. It is true a rolling stone gathers no moss, but no man can travel fc1r without having his ignorance enlightened, his narrow views wiclened, his prejudices removed, and without coming home a wiser and better man:l When many years ago my friend, the late gallant ~d1lJ.iral Sir King Hall, intro­ duced me to Sir Donald Currie, I had 110 idea. that at any time I should have the pleabure of sailIng as a passenger on one of those grand steamers of his which have brought the Cape and England so close together. 2 Brighter South Ajnca. The last ship of the Castle line has beaten all the others, having accomplished the passage between England and the Cape in a little more than sixteen days. I go out in the Rosslyn Oastle, which, till the recent achievements of the Dunotta,· Oastle, had per­ formed the journey in the quickest time. Captain Robinson, the able commander, is glad to hear I am going out with her. I am equally glad to put myself under the captain's care. We have sailed together before now, and I am able to speak of the captain as a gentleman and sailor of the highest type. I am glad to be in one of Sir Donald Currie's ships. They have carried the Grand Old Man and the Poet Laureate many a hundred miles.
    [Show full text]
  • ABSTRACT Title of Dissertation: ROYAL SUBJECTS
    ABSTRACT Title of dissertation: ROYAL SUBJECTS, IMPERIAL CITIZENS: THE MAKING OF BRITISH IMPERIAL CULTURE, 1860- 1901 Charles Vincent Reed, Doctor of Philosophy, 2010 Dissertation directed by: Professor Richard Price Department of History ABSTRACT: The dissertation explores the development of global identities in the nineteenth-century British Empire through one particular device of colonial rule – the royal tour. Colonial officials and administrators sought to encourage loyalty and obedience on part of Queen Victoria’s subjects around the world through imperial spectacle and personal interaction with the queen’s children and grandchildren. The royal tour, I argue, created cultural spaces that both settlers of European descent and colonial people of color used to claim the rights and responsibilities of imperial citizenship. The dissertation, then, examines how the royal tours were imagined and used by different historical actors in Britain, southern Africa, New Zealand, and South Asia. My work builds on a growing historical literature about “imperial networks” and the cultures of empire. In particular, it aims to understand the British world as a complex field of cultural encounters, exchanges, and borrowings rather than a collection of unitary paths between Great Britain and its colonies. ROYAL SUBJECTS, IMPERIAL CITIZENS: THE MAKING OF BRITISH IMPERIAL CULTURE, 1860-1901 by Charles Vincent Reed Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Maryland, College Park, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2010 Advisory Committee: Professor Richard Price, Chair Professor Paul Landau Professor Dane Kennedy Professor Julie Greene Professor Ralph Bauer © Copyright by Charles Vincent Reed 2010 DEDICATION To Jude ii ACKNOWLEGEMENTS Writing a dissertation is both a profoundly collective project and an intensely individual one.
    [Show full text]
  • Elhanan Bicknell - Collection of Paintings
    Elhanan Bicknell - Collection of paintings. Detail of those by JMW Turner Index Himalayan mountains ....................................................................................................2 Himalayan mountains ....................................................................................................3 Giudecca, la Donna della Salute and San Georgio ........................................................4 Campo Santo, Venice.....................................................................................................5 Palestrina – a Composition ............................................................................................6 Sun rising through Vapour.............................................................................................7 Calder Bridge.................................................................................................................8 Ivy Bridge Mill ..............................................................................................................9 Port Ruysdael...............................................................................................................10 Wreckers - Coast of Northumberland,.........................................................................11 Ehrenbreitstein:............................................................................................................12 Helvoetsluys: ‘The City of Utrecht’, 64, going to sea .................................................14 Antwerp: Van Goyen Looking for a Subject
    [Show full text]
  • The Governorship and High Commissionership of Sir Hercules
    1 t;~ .cY. f.t~.,~~-: b:' S ~ '";.. .. !t }f-t_o;do-9-t/ p b_q ;1r J t ..,,•. ,:'· . i · .•• e copyright of this thesis is held by the University of Cap·~ Town. Reproduction of the V':hole or any part . may be made fo:-- study purposes orily, and not for publication. THE GOVERNORSHIP AND HIGH CO~~ISSIONERSHIP OF rt SIR HERCULES ROBINSON, Town 1881-1889 Cape of University The Being a·. Thesi.s presented for the degree of ~1aster of Arts at thA University of Cape Town by GE.RALD DENNIS QUINN 1955 J .''> The copyright of this thesis vestsTown in the author. No quotation from it or information derived from it is to be published without full acknowledgementCape of the source. The thesis is to be usedof for private study or non- commercial research purposes only. Published by the University of Cape Town (UCT) in terms of the non-exclusiveUniversity license granted to UCT by the author. The CON'I'ENTS Page Introduction . .. •· .. ... .. .. 1 I. The 1'ransvaa1 to 1884 . ... 7 II. Bechuanaland to 1884 • • 0 ... •• 0 22 III. Basuto1and to 1884 .. , . • • 0 .. 31 IV. The Transvaal, Bechuanaland and Basutoland from 1884 • • • .•· . 44 v. South Africa, 1881 - 1889 ••• • • • 56 VI. The Gover.oor and the Cape, 1881 - 1889 78 VII. High Commissioner and/or Governor? 89 Conclusion .. ... • •• • •• 100 Bibliography ... .. • • • • • i - iv I N T R 0 D U G T I 0 N /' I In August 1880 ,. Sir Hercules G~orge Robert Robinson, then I Governor of New Zealand, was informed that be had been appoin­ '•, ,, ted to the dual posts of Governor of the Cape Colony and Her Majesty's High Commissioner for South Africa.
    [Show full text]
  • 3· PB Sanders, Moshoeshoe: Chief Rif the Sotho (London, 1975)
    Notes INTRODUCTION 1. J. A. Benyon, 'Basutoland and the High Commission with particular reference to the years 1868-1884: The Changing Nature of the Imperial Government's "Special Responsibility" for the Territory' (Oxford Univ. D.Phil., 1968). 2. A. Atmore and S. Marks, 'The lmpe~ial Factor in South Africa in the Nineteenth Century: Towards a Reassessment', Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, iii, 1 ( 1974). 3· P. B. Sanders, Moshoeshoe: Chief rif the Sotho (London, 1975) appendix. CHAPTER I CREATING A NATION 1. E. H. Brookes and C. de B. Webb, A History of Natal (Pietermaritzburg, 1965) PP· 14-15. 2. For the etymology of the word, see Sanders, Moshoeshoe, p. 27, n. 1. 3· The exact date of his birth is unknown: see Sanders, ibid., p. 5· 4· For other names, see D. F. Ellenberger, History rifthe Basuto, Ancient and Modern (rewritten in English by J. C. MacGregor, London, 1912) pp. 106-7. Amongst the English and settlers he became known as Moshesh. 5· Probably so-named because of the illusion created by the setting sun, and subsequent legend which arose, that the mountain grows larger at night. See Sanders, Moshoeshoe, p. 35, n. 21. Often called 'Thaba Bosigo' by nineteenth­ century writers. 6. Though his son, Thlali, and Dr John Philip, the L.M.S. missionary, described him as short. 7· G. Tylden, The Rise rifthe Basuto (Cape Town, 1950) pp. 14-16. 8. Sanders, Moshoeshoe, p. 138, quoting Arbousset to P.E.M.S. Committee, 2 Mar. 1852, J.M.E. (1852) p. 208. Sanders does also point out that Moshoeshoe's temper was much feared, and that when enraged he had been known to attack and even to attempt to kill offenders: see Sanders, ibid., p.
    [Show full text]