DOCSLIB.ORG

Bertha Von Suttner – Ein Leben Für Den Frieden

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Bertha Von Suttner – Ein Leben Für Den Frieden Ein Leben für den Frieden A life for peace Medieninhaber und Herausgeber: Publisher: © 2005 Österreichisches Gesellschafts- und Wirtschaftsmuseum, © 2005 Austrian Museum for Economic an Social Affairs, Wien, http://www.wirtschaftsmuseum.at Vienna, http://www.wirtschaftsmuseum.at Hergestellt im Auftrag des Bundesministeriums für auswärtige Commissioned by: Federal Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Angelegenheiten, Wien, http://www.bmaa.gv.at Vienna, http://www.bmaa.gv.at Inhaltliche Konzeption: Georg Hamann Compiled by: Georg Hamann Hersteller: Paul Gerin Druckerei, Wolkersdorf Printed by: Paul Gerin Druckerei, Wolkersdorf ISBN: 3-902353-28-7 ISBN: 3-902353-28-7 ÖSTERREICHISCHES GESELLSCHAFTS- UND WIRTSCHAFTSMUSEUM 100 Jahre Friedensnobelpreis 100th anniversary of Bertha von Suttner’s an Bertha von Suttner Nobel Peace Prize „Die Waffen nieder“ – dieser Titel des berühmtesten Romans Bertha “Lay Down Your Arms!“ – The title of Bertha von Suttner´s most von Suttners war zugleich Programm und wichtigstes Lebensziel famous novel was also the ambition and goal in life of this remarkable dieser bemerkenswerten Frau. Der hundertste Jahrestag der woman. The 100th anniversary of her award of the Nobel Peace Verleihung des Friedensnobelpreises an Bertha von Suttner ist eine Prize is an excellent opportunity to remind us of her work and ausgezeichnete Gelegenheit, an ihr Werk zu erinnern und sich damit cause and to allow us to reflect upon it. auseinander zu setzen. Bertha von Suttner was not only the first woman to receive the Bertha von Suttner war nicht nur die erste Frau, die den Friedens- Nobel Peace Prize, she also inspired her friend and benefactor nobelpreis erhielt, sie war es auch, die ihren Freund und Gönner Alfred Nobel to create the Nobel Peace Prize. Alfred Nobel zur Stiftung des Friedensnobelpreises inspirierte. As a writer and lecturer, Bertha von Suttner was the figurehead of Als Schriftstellerin und Vortragende war Bertha von Suttner die a world-wide peace movement. Opposing the tides of the time, she Galionsfigur einer weltweiten Friedensbewegung. Entgegen dem relentlessly fought nationalist fanaticism, aggressive militarism, Trend ihrer Zeit stellte sie sich unbeirrbar gegen nationalen hate-breeding and anti-Semitism. She recognized the destructive Fanatismus, gegen aggressive Parolen von Kriegstreibern, potential of these ideologies and prophesied: “The next war will Hasspredigern und Antisemiten. Sie erkannte die zerstörerische be more horrible than any of its predecessors”. Kraft dieser Ideologien und meinte prophetisch: "Der nächste Krieg wird von einer Furchtbarkeit sein wie noch keiner seiner Vorgänger". Bertha von Suttner did not live to witness the destructive world wars of the 20th century. We, who know of the horrible experience Bertha von Suttner blieb es erspart, die zerstörerischen Weltkriege of these conflicts, have a duty to remember and continue her life´s des 20. Jahrhunderts mit zu erleben. Wir, die wir um die Erfahrung work. dieser fürchterlichen Kriege wissen, haben die Aufgabe, uns an von Suttners Lebenswerk zu erinnern und es weiter zu tragen. Austrian foreign policy will continue to act in the spirit of Bertha von Suttner and work to promote peace and human rights in the Die österreichische Außenpolitik wird sich im Geiste Bertha von whole world. Lasting peace and security is only possible if human Suttners weiterhin für den Frieden und die Einhaltung der rights are guaranteed. Menschenrechte in aller Welt einsetzen. Denn dauerhafter Frieden und Sicherheit sind nur dort möglich, wo Menschenrechte garantiert sind. Dr. Ursula Plassnik Dr. Ursula Plassnik Bundesministerin für auswärtige Angelegenheiten Federal Minister for Foreign Affairs der Republik Österreich of the Republic of Austria 1 Bertha von Suttner (1843–1914) Biographie Biography 9.Juni 1843: Bertha Sophia Felicita Gräfin Kinsky von Chinitz und Tettau 9 June 1843: Bertha Sophia Felicita Countess Kinsky von Chinitz und wird im Prager Palais Kinsky am Altstädter Ring geboren. Die Kindheit Tettau born in the Kinsky Palace on the Altstädter Ring in Prague, verbringt Bertha mit ihrer Mutter Sophie in Brünn. childhood with her mother Sophie in Brünn (Brno) 1856 bis 1873: Übersiedlung nach Wien, später nach Klosterneuburg 1856 to 1873: Move to Vienna, later to Klosterneuburg near Vienna. bei Wien. Aufenthalte in Wiesbaden, Paris, Baden-Baden, Venedig, Visits to Wiesbaden, Paris, Baden-Baden, Venice and Bad Homburg Bad Homburg Summer 1864: Meeting with Ekaterina Dadiani, Princess of Mingrelia, Sommer 1864: Bekanntschaft mit Ekaterina Dadiani, in Bad Homburg Fürstin von Mingrelien, in Bad Homburg 1873 to 1875: Governess to the four daughters of Baron von Suttner 1873 bis 1875: Gouvernante für die vier Töchter des Barons Karl von in Vienna and Harmannsdorf, Lower Austria. Secret relationship Suttner in Wien und Harmannsdorf/NÖ. Heimliche Beziehung zu dessen with his son Arthur Sohn Arthur Autumn 1875 to Summer 1876: Secretary to Alfred Nobel in Paris Herbst 1875 bis Sommer 1876: Sekretärin bei Alfred Nobel in Paris 12 June 1876: Secret marriage to Arthur von Suttner in St. Ägyd’s Church 12. Juni 1876: Heimliche Hochzeit mit Arthur von Suttner in der Kirche in Vienna-Gumpendorf „St. Ägyd“ in Wien-Gumpendorf Summer 1876 to Spring 1885: The Suttners in Georgia. Sommer 1876 bis Frühjahr 1885: Die Suttners leben in Georgien. Periods in Tiflis, Kutais and Zugdidi Aufenthalte in Tiflis, Kutais und Zugdidi May 1885: Return to Austria Mai 1885: Rückkehr nach Österreich October 1885: Visit to the Writers’ Congress in Berlin Oktober 1885: Besuch des Schriftstellerkongresses in Berlin Winter 1886/1887: Stay in Paris. First contacts with the peace movement Winter 1886/1887: Aufenthalt in Paris. 1889: “Lay down your arms!” published Erste Kontakte zur Friedensbewegung Winter 1890/1891: Stay in Venice. Contact with representatives 1889: „Die Waffen nieder!“ erscheint of the “Interparliamentary Conferences” Winter 1890/1891: Aufenthalt in Venedig, Kontakte zu Vertretern 1891: First great public appearance at the 3rd World Peace Congress der „Interparlamentarischen Konferenzen“ in Rome. Founding of the “Austrian Peace Society” 1891: Erster großer öffentlicher Auftritt beim 3. Weltfriedenskongress 1892: Founding of the “Society for Protection against Anti-Semitism”, in Rom, Gründung der „Österreichischen Friedensgesellschaft“ Journeys to Berlin, Berne and Zurich 1892: Gründung des „Vereins zur Abwehr des Antisemitismus“, 10 December 1896: Death of Alfred Nobel Reisen nach Berlin, Bern und Zürich 1899: First Peace Conference at The Hague 10. Dezember 1896: Tod Alfred Nobels 10 December 1902: Death of Arthur von Suttner 1899: Erste Haager Friedenskonferenz 1903: Opening of the “Institut international de la Paix” in Monaco 10. Dezember 1902: Tod Arthur von Suttners 1904: First trip to America. World Peace Conference in Boston. 1903: Eröffnung des „Institut international de la Paix“ in Monaco Reception with President Theodore Roosevelt in Washington 1904: Erste Amerikareise, Weltfriedenskongress in Boston. Empfang December 1905: Suttner awarded the Nobel Peace Prize bei Präsident Theodore Roosevelt in Washington Spring 1906: Received the Nobel Peace Prize in Christiana. Dezember 1905: Suttner wird der Friedensnobelpreis zuerkannt. Lecture tour through Scandinavia Frühjahr 1906: Entgegennahme des Friedensnobelpreises in Christiania, 1907: Second Peace Conference at The Hague Vortragsreise durch Skandinavien 1912: Second trip to America 1907: Zweite Haager Friedenskonferenz 21 June 1914: Death of Bertha von Suttner in Vienna. 1912: Zweite Amerikareise Her body cremated at her own request. The urn is in Gotha 21. Juni 1914: Tod Bertha von Suttners in Wien, ihr Leichnam wird auf eigenen Wunsch verbrannt. Ihre Urne befindet sich in Gotha. 2 Kindheit und Jugend Childhood and Youth Prag, Photographie um 1900 aus Suttners Besitz – Prague, photograph ca. 1900, from Suttner’s property Die junge Bertha führt an der Seite ihrer Mutter ein kostspieliges Gesell- schaftsleben. Young Bertha lived a life of plenty as a socialite beside her mother. Venedig 1864 Homburg 1866 In der Hoffnung auf den großen Gewinn verspielt die Mutter auch Berthas gesamtes Vermögen in Die vier Brüder Kinsky als hohe Offiziere der österreichischen Armee. Berthas Casinos. Vater Franz Josef (zweiter von links) stirbt 75jährig noch vor ihrer Geburt. Hoping for a great fortune, The four Kinsky brothers as senior officers of the Austrian army. Bertha’s father, Bertha’s mother loses also her Francis Joseph (second from the left), died aged 75, before her birth. daughter´s wealth at casinos. Bertha Sophia Felicita Gräfin Kinsky von Bertha Sophia Felicita Countess Kinsky Chinitz und Tettau kommt am 9. Juni 1843 von Chinitz und Tettau was born on the 9th in Prag (heute Tschechische Republik) zur of June 1843 in Prague (the capital of Welt. Obwohl als Gräfin geboren, zählt today’s Czech Republic). Although born as Bertha dennoch nie zur „ersten Gesell- a countess, Bertha was never accepted by schaft“. Ihre Mutter Sophie ist eine Bürger- “high society”. Her mother, Sophie, was liche und wird nach dem Tod ihres Man- born into a bourgeois family. Her husband’s nes von dessen Familie gemieden. family shunned her after his death. 3 Gouvernante bei Suttner Governess at the Suttners´ Drei Verlobungen – aber keine Heirat: Baron Gustav von Heine-Geldern, ein englischer Hochstapler (Name unbekannt), Prinz Adolf zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Hohenstein Three engagements but no marriage: Baron Gustav von Heine-Geldern, an English swindler
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Nobel Peace Prize
    TITLE: Learning From Peace Makers OVERVIEW: Students examine The Dalai Lama as a Nobel Laureate and compare / contrast his contributions to the world with the contributions of other Nobel Laureates. SUBJECT AREA / GRADE LEVEL: Civics and Government 7 / 12 STATE CONTENT STANDARDS / BENCHMARKS: -Identify, research, and clarify an event, issue, problem or phenomenon of significance to society. -Gather, use, and evaluate researched information to support analysis and conclusions. OBJECTIVES: The student will demonstrate the ability to... -know and understand The Dalai Lama as an advocate for peace. -research and report the contributions of others who are recognized as advocates for peace, such as those attending the Peace Conference in Portland: Aldolfo Perez Esquivel, Robert Musil, William Schulz, Betty Williams, and Helen Caldicott. -compare and contrast the contributions of several Nobel Laureates with The Dalai Lama. MATERIALS: -Copies of biographical statements of The Dalai Lama. -List of Nobel Peace Prize winners. -Copy of The Dalai Lama's acceptance speech for the Nobel Peace Prize. -Bulletin board for display. PRESENTATION STEPS: 1) Students read one of the brief biographies of The Dalai Lama, including his Five Point Plan for Peace in Tibet, and his acceptance speech for receiving the Nobel Prize for Peace. 2) Follow with a class discussion regarding the biography and / or the text of the acceptance speech. 3) Distribute and examine the list of Nobel Peace Prize winners. 4) Individually, or in cooperative groups, select one of the Nobel Laureates (give special consideration to those coming to the Portland Peace Conference). Research and prepare to report to the class who the person was and why he / she / they won the Nobel Prize.
    [Show full text]
  • THE MISSING PEACE: She Was Called a Traitor in 1915 for Her Pacifist Opposition to World War I
    CountHerHistory October 2007 AAUW-Illinois by Barbara Joan Zeitz THE MISSING PEACE: She was called a traitor in 1915 for her pacifist opposition to World War I. She was adamant that no matter the cause, the pain of the fight would render meaningless the victory. She was convinced only peace and democracy would bring peace and democracy. Her name was on the Senate Judiciary Committee’s traitor list in 1919. Her name was on another list in 1931, that of Nobel Peace Prize winners, as the first American woman to receive the Nobel Peace Prize. Her name? Jane Addams. Another woman pacifist, Countess Bertha Kinsky was born of aristocracy in 1876 in Prague, which then was part of the Austrian Empire. She grew up learning languages, studying the classics and preparing to be an opera singer. But as a young woman, with family fortunes squandered, she had to earn her living. She first worked as a governess in Austria, and then for a mere eight days as secretary-housekeeper to Alfred Nobel in Paris. It is speculated she departed his employ quickly perhaps rejecting his attentions and marriage proposal, for it is known she loved another. Upon her return to Austria, she married Arthur von Suttner and began her career as a journalist and author. In her book, The Machine Age, she published radical views on education and women’s rights. She became a pacifist and envisioned an international peace league to arbitrate instead of to war. Largely through her efforts, the International Peace Bureau was formed with her as vice-president.
    [Show full text]
  • The Nobel Peace Prize
    The Nobel Peace Prize The Nobel Peace Prize has been awarded seven times Ralph Bunche, U.S., UN Mediator in Palestine to the United Nations, its leadership and its (1948), for his leadership in the armistice agreements organizations signed in 1949 by Israel, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria 1954 Office of the United Nations High Commissioner 1957 for Refugees, Geneva, for its assistance to refugees Lester Pearson, Canada, ex-Secretary of State, President, 7th Session of the UN General Assembly, 1961 for a lifetime of work for peace and for leading UN Dag Hammarskjöld, Sweden, Secretary-General efforts to resolve the Suez Canal crisis of the UN, for his work in helping to settle the Congo crisis 1974 Sean MacBride, Ireland, UN Commissioner for 1965 Namibia Office of the United Nations High United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), for its Commissioner for Refugees, Geneva, for its work in helping save lives of the world's children assistance to European refugees . 1969 1994 International Labour Organisation (ILO), Geneva, for its progress in establishing workers' rights and Yasser Arafat , Chairman of the Executive protections Committee of the PLO, President of the Palestinian National Authority. Shimon Peres, Foreign Minister 1981 of Israel. Yitzhak Rabin, Prime Minister of Israel. for Office of the United Nations High Commissioner their efforts to create peace in the Middle East. for Refugees, Geneva, for its assistance to Asian refugees 1996 1988 Carlos Felipe Ximenes Belo and Jose Ramos-Hort United Nations Peace-keeping Forces, for its for their work towards a just and peaceful solution to peace-keeping operations the conflict in East Timor.
    [Show full text]
  • Pacifists During the First World War
    PACIFISTS DURING THE FIRST WORLD WAR Nº 24 - SEPTEMBER 2015 nº 24 - SEPTEMBER 2015 PACIFISTS DURING THE FIRST WORLD WAR INDEX Editorial - An essential factor and actor In Depth - Rosa Luxemburg: anticapitalism to get to the pacifst eutopia - Conscription and Conscience in Great Britain - “The whole world is our homeland”: Anarchist antimilitarism - Illusion and vision: the scientifc pacifsm of Alfred H. Fried - The Practical Internationalism of Esperanto Interview - Interview with Joan Botam, Catalan priest and Capuchin friar Recommendations - Materials and resources recommended by the ICIP Platform - 100 years after the genocide: Armenia at the crossroads - A bold statement About ICIP - News, activities and publications about the ICIP nº 24 - SEPTEMBER 2015 PACIFISTS DURING THE FIRST WORLD WAR EDITORIAL An essential factor and actor Rafael Grasa President of the International Catalan Institute for Peace The present issue deals with some of the peace and anti-militarist movements linked, chronologically or thematically, to World War I, marking the culmination of the com- memoration of its centennial. We specifcally take a look at the more political move- ments, such as those linked to anarchism (First International) or to the main leader of the Spartacus League, Rosa Luxemburg, the anti-draft groups and the pioneering work in the academic world of Albert Fried, one of the creators of the epistemic com- munity that is behind the most radical perspectives of international relations and pe- ace research. In addition, Joan Botam, a priest and ecumenist, refects on the legacy of the Great War and opposition to it among the various peace movements inspired by religious beliefs.
    [Show full text]
  • 1921 Fun Facts, Trivia & History
    1921 Fun Facts, Trivia & History Quick Facts from 1921: • The America Changing Event: The first radio baseball game was broadcast. Harold Arlin announced the Pirates-Phillies game from Forbes Field over Westinghouse KDKA, in Pittsburgh. The Pirates won, 8-5. • Soviet Russia and Poland signed the Treaty of Riga establishing a permanent border between the two countries. • The Russian Great Famine of 1921/22 killed 5 million people. • The Communist Party of China was formed. • Influential Songs include Second Hand Rose and My Man by Fanny Brice. Also: St. Louis Blues by the Original Dixie Land Band and others. • The Movies to Watch include The Kid, The Three Musketeers, The Haunted Castle and The Sheik • The Most Famous Person in America was probably Roscoe ‘Fatty’ Arbuckle • New York Yankee pitcher Babe Ruth hit his 138th home-run, continually growing that record to 714 in 1935. • Adolf Hitler became the Chairman of the Nazi Party in his rise to power and prominence in Germany. • Price of a pound peanut butter in 1921: 15 cents Top Ten Baby Names of 1921: Mary, Dorothy, Helen, Margaret, Ruth, Virginia, Mildred, Betty, Frances, Elizabeth John, Robert, William, James, Charles, George, Joseph, Edward, Frank, Richard US Life Expectancy: (1921) Males: 60.0 years, Females: 61.8 years The Stars: Theda Bara, Pola Negri, Mary Pickford Miss America: Margaret Gorman (Washington, DC) Firsts, Inventions, and Wonders: Guccio Gucci started selling his handbags. Coco Chanel introduced “Chanel No. 5”. On October 23, 1921, an American officer selected the body of the first “Unknown Soldier”. “Andy’s Candies” was founded, but maker Andy Kanelos realized that men would never buy chocolates for women with another man’s name written on them.
    [Show full text]
  • Ipb Annual Report 2004
    INTERNATIONAL PEACE BUREAU ANNUAL REPORT 2004 INTRODUCTION In 2004 the key issues facing the world's peace movements were little different from those they faced in the preceding 3 years. Probably they can be summed in the one word: Iraq. Armed intervention, the dominant rôle of the US, oil wars, terrorism, human rights, military spending, democracy, inter-cultural dialogue, reform of the UN...all the big themes that civil society peace organisations try to grapple with are visible there. The 'images of the year' were undoubtedly the sensational photographs of the abuses at the Abu Ghraib prison committed by US military personnel, which shook America and enraged the Arab world. Things have not got much better since then. With the re-election of the Bush team to the White House, peace advocates have had to accept that a rapid turnaround inUS policies is not on the horizon and that they must dig in for a long haul. For the IPB this was a year in two parts, separated by the great highlight of the Barcelona conference in June, which brought together over 1000 participants from all parts of the globe to debate the broad range of issues referred to above. Much of the early months at the IPB secretariat were spent preparing all the details of this extremely complicated event. The months after were focussed partly on the reporting process and partly on the development of the new project, on Women in Peacemaking. In between we also spent much time putting together the triple-purpose gathering in Florence: the seminar on UN reform; the annual Council meeting; and the MacBride Prize award ceremony.
    [Show full text]
  • Scotland's Global Empire Internals.Indd
    1 Genesis of an empire ‘We look to Scotland for all our ideas of civilisation’ — Voltaire he Scottish Empire is, of course, illusory but the giants who spread their infl uence Tacross the globe off er tangible evidence that, had they had the mind to make it so, the saltire of St Andrew or the more fl amboyant lion rampant might have fl own across much of the civilised world and the atlases could have had a very diff erent hue. Th is, however, is not an empire of colonisation that diminishes or enslaves those whom it embraces. It involves neither the greed nor the ruthlessness so oft en inherent in empire-building. It is without condescension: an empire that breaks down barriers rather than creating ownership and, it can be claimed, enhances civilisation. Where would you plant the fl ag to claim sovereignty of ideas and philosophies? Th is is not a recital of the adventures of conquering heroes, although some are included. Th e empire I have in mind is more an outreach of ideas, the story of human endeavour in its many forms, pushing at the boundaries of the imagination and stretching the accepted order. It sweeps from the foothills of press freedom to the high plains of moral philosophy; from the oceans of ingenuity to the great rivers of physical courage; from the borderlands where determination meets initiative to the mighty mountain ranges of originality. It encompasses everything from the spirit of pioneering to the mystical qualities of leadership. It’s luckily not dependent on a seat of power and nor is it aff ected by the bruising arguments about Scotland’s place within the UK or as an independent state.
    [Show full text]
  • Alfred Hermann Fried Papers, 1914-1921
    http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/tf9q2nb3vj No online items Register of the Alfred Hermann Fried Papers, 1914-1921 Hoover Institution Archives Stanford University Stanford, California 94305-6010 Phone: (650) 723-3563 Fax: (650) 725-3445 Email: [email protected] © 1999 Hoover Institution Archives. All rights reserved. Register of the Alfred Hermann XX300 1 Fried Papers, 1914-1921 Register of the Alfred Hermann Fried Papers, 1914-1921 Hoover Institution Archives Stanford University Stanford, California Contact Information Hoover Institution Archives Stanford University Stanford, California 94305-6010 Phone: (650) 723-3563 Fax: (650) 725-3445 Email: [email protected] Prepared by: Keith Jantzen Date Completed: November 1981 © 1999 Hoover Institution Archives. All rights reserved. Descriptive Summary Title: Alfred Hermann Fried Papers, Date (inclusive): 1914-1921 Collection number: XX300 Creator: Fried, Alfred Hermann, 1864-1921 Collection Size: 5 manuscript boxes(2 linear feet) Repository: Hoover Institution Archives Stanford, California 94305-6010 Abstract: Diaries, correspondence, clippings, and notes, relating to the international peace movement, particularly during World War I, pacifism, international cooperation, and the World War I war guilt question. Language: German. Access Collection open for research. Publication Rights For copyright status, please contact the Hoover Institution Archives. Preferred Citation [Identification of item], Alfred Hermann Fried Papers, [Box no.], Hoover Institution Archives. Access
    [Show full text]
  • Liste Der Nobelpreisträger
    Physiologie Wirtschafts- Jahr Physik Chemie oder Literatur Frieden wissenschaften Medizin Wilhelm Henry Dunant Jacobus H. Emil von Sully 1901 Conrad — van ’t Hoff Behring Prudhomme Röntgen Frédéric Passy Hendrik Antoon Theodor Élie Ducommun 1902 Emil Fischer Ronald Ross — Lorentz Mommsen Pieter Zeeman Albert Gobat Henri Becquerel Svante Niels Ryberg Bjørnstjerne 1903 William Randal Cremer — Pierre Curie Arrhenius Finsen Bjørnson Marie Curie Frédéric John William William Mistral 1904 Iwan Pawlow Institut de Droit international — Strutt Ramsay José Echegaray Adolf von Henryk 1905 Philipp Lenard Robert Koch Bertha von Suttner — Baeyer Sienkiewicz Camillo Golgi Joseph John Giosuè 1906 Henri Moissan Theodore Roosevelt — Thomson Santiago Carducci Ramón y Cajal Albert A. Alphonse Rudyard \Ernesto Teodoro Moneta 1907 Eduard Buchner — Michelson Laveran Kipling Louis Renault Ilja Gabriel Ernest Rudolf Klas Pontus Arnoldson 1908 Metschnikow — Lippmann Rutherford Eucken Paul Ehrlich Fredrik Bajer Theodor Auguste Beernaert Guglielmo Wilhelm Kocher Selma 1909 — Marconi Ostwald Ferdinand Lagerlöf Paul Henri d’Estournelles de Braun Constant Johannes Albrecht Ständiges Internationales 1910 Diderik van Otto Wallach Paul Heyse — Kossel Friedensbüro der Waals Allvar Maurice Tobias Asser 1911 Wilhelm Wien Marie Curie — Gullstrand Maeterlinck Alfred Fried Victor Grignard Gerhart 1912 Gustaf Dalén Alexis Carrel Elihu Root — Paul Sabatier Hauptmann Heike Charles Rabindranath 1913 Kamerlingh Alfred Werner Henri La Fontaine — Robert Richet Tagore Onnes Theodore
    [Show full text]
  • The International Peace Movement 1815-1914: an Outline
    The international peace movement 1815-1914: an outline Script of an online lecture given by Guido Grünewald on 9 June 2020* I will try to give an outline of the emergence and development of an international peace movement during its first 100 years. Since English is not my mother tongue and I haven’t spoken it for a longer time I will follow a written guideline in order to finish the job in the short time I have. The first peace organisations emerged in America and in Britain. This was no coincidence; while on the European continent after the end of the Napoleonic Wars restoration took over there were evolving democracies in the anglo-Saxon countries and a kind of peace tradition as for example carried by the quakers who renounced any kind of war. For those early societies the question if a war could be defensive and therefore justified was from the beginning a thorny issue. The New York Peace Sciety founded by merchant David Low Dodge followed a fundamental pacifism rejecting all kind of wars while the Massachussets Peace Society (its founder was unitarian minister Noah Worcester) gathered both fundamental pacifists and those who accepted strictly defensive wars. With about 50 other groups both organisations merged to become the American Peace Society in 1828. The London Peace Society had an interesting top-tier approach: its leadership had to pursue a fundamental pacifist course while ordinary members were allowed to have different ideas about defensive wars. On the European continent some short-lived peace organisations emerged only later. The formation of those first societies occured under the influence of Quakers (one of the 3 historic peace churches which renounced violence) and of Christians who were convinced that war was murderous and incompatible with Christian values.
    [Show full text]
  • Sydney Institute of Agriculture Georgika
    Sydney Institute of Agriculture Georgika Edition 3, December 2020 Georgika - an online newsletter for those interested in academic aspects of the Ag sector From the Director Alex McBratney Please enjoy the latest edition of Georgika where we highlight our research work in agriculture, our people and our ongoing links to our alumni and collaborators and stakeholders in the agricultural sector. This has been an unparalleled year in many ways – a pandemic and record yields on our farms. Something to remember forever. Some of us think the sooner we get to a new one the better. I’d like to thank everyone for all their diligent hard work over such a difficult year – despite the challenges I believe we are in a stronger position institutionally and nationally in relation to our agricultural effort, commitment, and standing than we were at the beginning of the year. So, I wish you a wonderful break. Take it – enjoy it. Wishing you a very happy and successful 2021 – it’s got to be better than this one. Distant links to Sydney I have been to loads of agriculture conferences around the world and we are often reminded of the phenomenal pioneering crop-breeding work of the Iowan, Norman Borlaug and his many colleagues and co-workers that led to his being awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1970. Often this is stated as the first, and the only, Nobel prize in agriculture. In the nineteen twenties and thirties John Boyd Orr was Director of the Rowett Research Institute, famous for its work on animal nutrition.
    [Show full text]
  • Bomb Target Norway
    Bomb target Norway About Norwegian political history in a tragic background, the background to the Norwegian fascism. Militarism and na- tionalism are the prerequisites for fas- cism. By Holger Terpi Norway is a rich complex country with a small wealthy militarist and nationalist upper class, a relatively large middle class and a working class. The little known Norwegian militarism has always been problematic. It would censorship, war with Sweden, occupy half of Greenland1, was opponent of a Nordic defense cooperation, garden Norway into NATO2 and EEC, would have plutonium and nuclear weapons3, as well as, monitor and controlling political opponents, in- cluding the radical wing of the labor movement, pacifists and conscientious objectors. And they got it pretty much as they wanted it. One example is the emergency law or emergency laws, a common term for five laws adopted by the Storting in 1950, which introduced stricter measures for acts that are defined as treacherous in war, and also different measures in peacetime, such as censorship of letters, phone monitoring etc.4 1 Legal Status of Eastern Greenland (Den. v. Nor.), 1933 P.C.I.J. (ser. A/B) No. 53 (Apr. 5) Publications of the Per- manent Court of International Justice Series A./B. No. 53; Collection of Judgments, Orders and Advisory Opinions A.W. Sijthoff’s Publishing Company, Leyden, 1933. 2 Lundestad , Geir: America, Scandinavia, and the Cold War 1945-1949. Oslo, University Press, 1980. - 434 pp. Paradoxically, according to Lundestad, the U.S. preferred socialist governments in Scandinavia rather than conservative, the reason was that they were perceived as "the strongest bulwark" against communism 3 Forland, Astrid: Norway’s nuclear odyssey: from optimistic proponent to nonproliferator.
    [Show full text]