Iraq Chemical Chronology
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Aggressive Behaviors Within Politics, 1948-1962: a Cross-National Study," Journal of Conflict Resolution 10, No.3 (September 1966): 249-270
NOTES 1 INTRODUCTION: CONTENDING VIEWS-MILITARISM, MILITARIZATION AND WAR 1. Ivo Feierabend and Rosalind Feierabend, "Aggressive Behaviors within Politics, 1948-1962: A Cross-National Study," Journal of Conflict Resolution 10, no.3 (September 1966): 249-270. 2. Patrick Morgan, "Disarmament," in Joel Krieger, ed., The Oxford Companion to the Politics of the World (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993),246. 3. Stuart Bremer, "Dangerous Dyads: Conditions Mfecting the Likelihood of Interstate War, 1816-1965," Journal of Conflict Resolution 36, no.2 (June 1992): 309-341,318,330; The remainder of Bremer's study has to do with the impact of military spending and not with variations caused by regime type. 4. Thomas Lindemann and Michel Louis Martin, "The Military and the Use of Force," in Giuseppe Caforio, ed., Handbook of the Sociology of the Military (New York: Kluwer, 2003),99-109,104-109. 5. Alfred Vagts, Defense and Diplomacy-The Soldier and the Conduct of Foreign Relations (New York: King Crown's Press, 1958), 3. The concept was subsequently applied by Herbert Spencer, Otto Hintze, and Karl Marx. See Volker Berghahn, Militarism: The History of an International Debate, 1861-1979 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984). 6. Herbert Spencer, Principles of Sociology, Stanislav Andreski, ed. (London: Macmillan, 1969): 499-571. 7. Felix Gilbert, ed., The Historical Essays of Otto Hintze (New York: Oxford University Press, 1975), 199. 8. Karl Liebknecht, Militarism (Toronto: William Briggs, 1917); Berghahn, 18,23,25. 9. James Donovan, Militarism U.S.A. (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1970),25. 10. Berghahn, 19. 11. Dan Reiter and Allan Starn, "IdentifYing the Culprit: Democracy, Dictatorship, and Dispute Initiation," American Political Science Review 97, no.2 (May 2003): 333-337; see also R. -
Israel: Growing Pains at 60
Viewpoints Special Edition Israel: Growing Pains at 60 The Middle East Institute Washington, DC Middle East Institute The mission of the Middle East Institute is to promote knowledge of the Middle East in Amer- ica and strengthen understanding of the United States by the people and governments of the region. For more than 60 years, MEI has dealt with the momentous events in the Middle East — from the birth of the state of Israel to the invasion of Iraq. Today, MEI is a foremost authority on contemporary Middle East issues. It pro- vides a vital forum for honest and open debate that attracts politicians, scholars, government officials, and policy experts from the US, Asia, Europe, and the Middle East. MEI enjoys wide access to political and business leaders in countries throughout the region. Along with information exchanges, facilities for research, objective analysis, and thoughtful commentary, MEI’s programs and publications help counter simplistic notions about the Middle East and America. We are at the forefront of private sector public diplomacy. Viewpoints are another MEI service to audiences interested in learning more about the complexities of issues affecting the Middle East and US rela- tions with the region. To learn more about the Middle East Institute, visit our website at http://www.mideasti.org The maps on pages 96-103 are copyright The Foundation for Middle East Peace. Our thanks to the Foundation for graciously allowing the inclusion of the maps in this publication. Cover photo in the top row, middle is © Tom Spender/IRIN, as is the photo in the bottom row, extreme left. -
NEEDLESS DEATHS in the GULF WAR Civilian Casualties During The
NEEDLESS DEATHS IN THE GULF WAR Civilian Casualties During the Air Campaign and Violations of the Laws of War A Middle East Watch Report Human Rights Watch New York $$$ Washington $$$ Los Angeles $$$ London Copyright 8 November 1991 by Human Rights Watch. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Cover design by Patti Lacobee Watch Committee Middle East Watch was established in 1989 to establish and promote observance of internationally recognized human rights in the Middle East. The chair of Middle East Watch is Gary Sick and the vice chairs are Lisa Anderson and Bruce Rabb. Andrew Whitley is the executive director; Eric Goldstein is the research director; Virginia N. Sherry is the associate director; Aziz Abu Hamad is the senior researcher; John V. White is an Orville Schell Fellow; and Christina Derry is the associate. Needless deaths in the Gulf War: civilian casualties during the air campaign and violations of the laws of war. p. cm -- (A Middle East Watch report) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 1-56432-029-4 1. Persian Gulf War, 1991--United States. 2. Persian Gulf War, 1991-- Atrocities. 3. War victims--Iraq. 4. War--Protection of civilians. I. Human Rights Watch (Organization) II. Series. DS79.72.N44 1991 956.704'3--dc20 91-37902 CIP Human Rights Watch Human Rights Watch is composed of Africa Watch, Americas Watch, Asia Watch, Helsinki Watch, Middle East Watch and the Fund for Free Expression. The executive committee comprises Robert L. Bernstein, chair; Adrian DeWind, vice chair; Roland Algrant, Lisa Anderson, Peter Bell, Alice Brown, William Carmichael, Dorothy Cullman, Irene Diamond, Jonathan Fanton, Jack Greenberg, Alice H. -
Egypt and the Middle East
Monitoring Study: British Media Portrayals of Egypt Author: Guy Gabriel - AMW adviser Contact details: Tel: 07815 747 729 E-mail: [email protected] Newspapers monitored: All British national daily broadsheets and tabloids, as well as the Evening Standard Monitoring period: May 2008 - May 2009 1 Table of contents: Egypt & the Middle East Regional Importance Israel Camp David Accords The Gulf Sudan Horn of Africa Diplomacy towards Palestine Before Gaza Conflict 2009 Gaza 2009 Diplomacy The Palestine Border Tunnel Economy Crossing Closures Domestic Egypt Food Religion in Society State Ideology Economy Miscellaneous Domestic Threats Emergency Rule & Internal Security Terrorism Egypt & the West Egypt as an Ally 'War on Terror' Suez Ancient Egypt Influence of Egyptian Art Other Legacies Tourism 2 Egypt & the Middle East Regional Importance Various other Middle Eastern countries are sometimes mentioned in connection with Egypt's regional influence, though very rarely those from North Africa. In terms of Egypt's standing in the Middle East as viewed by the US, a meeting in Cairo, as well as Saudi Arabia and Israel, are "necessary step[s] in the careful path Mr Obama is laying out," notes Times chief foreign affairs commentator Bronwen Maddox (29 May 2009). A "solid" Arab-Israeli peace deal "must include President Mubarak of Egypt," says Michael Levy in the same newspaper (14 May 2009). Regarding a divided Lebanon, the Arab League is "tainted by the commitment of the Saudis and Egyptians to one side rather than the other," according to an Independent editorial (13 May 2008). Egypt appointing an ambassador to Iraq generates interest "not only because it is the most populous Arab country but also because its chargé d'affaires in Baghdad was kidnapped and killed in 2005," writes Guardian Middle East editor Ian Black (2 July 2008). -
Download This Report
A LICENSE TO KILL Israeli Operations against "Wanted" and Masked Palestinians A Middle East Watch Report Human Rights Watch New York !!! Washington !!! Los Angeles !!! London Copyright 8 July 1993 by Human Rights Watch. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Library of Congress Card Catalog Number: 93-79007 ISBN: 1-56432-109-6 Middle East Watch Middle East Watch was founded in 1989 to establish and promote observance of internationally recognized human rights in the Middle East. The chair of Middle East Watch is Gary Sick and the vice chairs are Lisa Anderson and Bruce Rabb. Andrew Whitley is the executive director; Eric Goldstein is the research director; Virginia N. Sherry and Aziz Abu Hamad are associate directors; Suzanne Howard is the associate. HUMAHUMAHUMANHUMAN RIGHTS WATCH Human Rights Watch conducts regular, systematic investigations of human rights abuses in some sixty countries around the world. It addresses the human rights practices of governments of all political stripes, of all geopolitical alignments, and of all ethnic and religious persuasions. In internal wars it documents violations by both governments and rebel groups. Human Rights Watch defends freedom of thought and expression, due process of law and equal protection of the law; it documents and denounces murders, disappearances, torture, arbitrary imprisonment, exile, censorship and other abuses of internationally recognized human rights. Human Rights Watch began in 1978 with the founding of Helsinki Watch by a group of publishers, lawyers and other activists and now maintains offices in New York, Washington, D.C., Los Angeles, London, Moscow, Belgrade, Zagreb and Hong Kong. -
The Assassination of Kim Jong Passing Himself Off As the Son of a Diplomat
Weekly Geopolitical Report By Bill O’Grady March 6, 2017 for his education. There he lived a low- profile existence learning languages and The Assassination of Kim Jong passing himself off as the son of a diplomat. Nam The young man showed an interest in technology while in Europe. On February 13th, Kim Jong Nam, the older half-brother of Kim Jong Un, the leader of At the age of 18, he was forced to return to the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea North Korea. He became close to his aunt, (DPRK), was assassinated at an airport in Kim Kyong Hui, Kim Jong Il’s sister, and Malaysia. This event offers insights into the uncle, the Dear Leader’s brother-in-law, “Hermit Kingdom” and shows the audacious Jang Song Thaek. Kim Jong Nam was nature of the regime. given government positions monitoring technology; reportedly, he was instrumental In this report, we begin with a biography of in creating North Korea’s intranet. King Jong Nam. Next, we will recap the assassination. The following section will Still, it became apparent that Kim Jong Il discuss the context of the murder, including had become jaded with his oldest son. China’s difficult relations with North Korea Instead, he lavished attention on his and potential rationale behind the youngest mistress, Ko Young Hee, another assassination. As always, we will conclude actress, and his youngest son, Kim Jong Un, with potential market ramifications. the “Young Marshall.” Who was Kim Jong Nam? As the oldest son faded from relevance, he Kim Jong Nam was born in 1971, the began to travel extensively, spending time in grandson of the “Great Leader,” Kim Il China and Southeast Asia. -
Executive Summary of Meeting of ITU-T Study Group 3 Tariff And
Executive Summary of Meeting of ITU-T Study Group 3 Tariff and accounting principles and international telecommunication/ICT economic and policy issues Geneva, 23 April - 2 May 2019 Hot topics: OTTs, and OTT bypass, Guidelines on OTT-MNO partnerships; Economic impact of OTTs; Customer redress mechanism and consumer protection; Economic impact of SIMBOX bypass Economic impact of convergence of technology and services and the role of the Regulator Universal services obligations for OTT service providers Mobile Financial Services (MFS) Consumer protection in mobile financial services Interoperability for competition in mobile financial services Guidelines for MOU between telecommunications regulators and central banks MFS cost model Definition of relevant markets and regulation of mobile financial services Tariff, economic and policy issues related to mobile financial services Direct carrier billing Policy framework including principles for digital identity infrastructure Tariff and business model of connected car service Colocation and access charges ‘double charging’ in terms of accounting/settlement mechanisms for international telecommunications services Trans-multi-country terrestrial cable resource sharing Principles for tariff regulation of data services Quantifying the economic value and impact of the Internet Policy and regulatory aspects related to IMT-2020 Future of regulation for digital transformation Implementation status of Recommendations ITU-T D.98 and D.97 Cost models on roaming with related economic -
The Hyperspectral and Smartphone Technology in CBRNE Countermeasures and Defence JYVÄSKYLÄ STUDIES in COMPUTING 256
JYVÄSKYLÄ STUDIES IN COMPUTING 256 Jaana Kuula The Hyperspectral and Smartphone Technology in CBRNE Countermeasures and Defence JYVÄSKYLÄ STUDIES IN COMPUTING 256 Jaana Kuula The Hyperspectral and Smartphone Technology in CBRNE Countermeasures and Defence Esitetään Jyväskylän yliopiston informaatioteknologian tiedekunnan suostumuksella julkisesti tarkastettavaksi yliopiston Agora-rakennuksen auditoriossa 2 joulukuun 17. päivänä 2016 kello 12. Academic dissertation to be publicly discussed, by permission of the Faculty of Information Technology of the University of Jyväskylä, in building Agora, auditorium 2, on December 17, 2016 at 12 o’clock noon. UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ JYVÄSKYLÄ 2016 The Hyperspectral and Smartphone Technology in CBRNE Countermeasures and Defence JYVÄSKYLÄ STUDIES IN COMPUTING 256 Jaana Kuula The Hyperspectral and Smartphone Technology in CBRNE Countermeasures and Defence UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ JYVÄSKYLÄ 2016 Editors Timo Männikkö Department of Mathematical Information Technology, University of Jyväskylä Pekka Olsbo, Ville Korkiakangas Publishing Unit, University Library of Jyväskylä Produced in association with the National Defence University Department of Warfare URN:ISBN:978-951-39-6889-2 ISBN 978-951-39-6889-2 (PDF) ISBN 978-951-39-6888-5 (nid.) ISSN 1456-5390 Copyright © 2016, by University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä University Printing House, Jyväskylä 2016 To my Mother Kirsti Kuula, born Huurtola (Haltt) * 23.1.1925 † 1.5.2013 ABSTRACT Kuula, Jaana The Hyperspectral and Smartphone Technology in CBRNE Countermeasures and Defence Jyväskylä: University of Jyväskylä, 2016, 214 p. (+ included articles) (Jyväskylä Studies in Computing ISSN 1456-5390; 256) ISBN 978-951-39-6888-5 (nid.) ISBN 978-951-39-6889-2 (PDF) Finnish summary Diss. Caused by industrial and military use as well as other sources of chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear and high-yield explosive (CBRNE) materials, the global threat of weapons of mass destruction (WMDs) remains in spite of such weapons being internationally prohibited. -
The Movement of Persons: the Practice of States in Central and Eastern Europe Since the 1989 Vienna CSCE
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of Denver Denver Journal of International Law & Policy Volume 21 Number 2 Winter Article 3 May 2020 The Movement of Persons: The Practice of States in Central and Eastern Europe since the 1989 Vienna CSCE Daniel C. Turack Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.du.edu/djilp Recommended Citation Daniel C. Turack, The Movement of Persons: The Practice of States in Central and Eastern Europe since the 1989 Vienna CSCE, 21 Denv. J. Int'l L. & Pol'y 289 (1993). This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ DU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Denver Journal of International Law & Policy by an authorized editor of Digital Commons @ DU. For more information, please contact [email protected],[email protected]. The Movement of Persons: The Practice of States in Central and Eastern Europe Since the 1989 Vienna CSCE DANIEL C. TURACK* I. INTRODUCTION The February 7, 1992 Maastricht Treaty on European Union stipu- lates that it will enter into force on January 1, 1993 if all twelve member- states ratify the Treaty by the end of 1992. In June 1992, Denmark re- jected the Treaty in a popular vote, while French voters approved it in September 1992. The Netherlands, Spain, Belgium, and Portugal are in the process of ratification by their respective parliaments. Discussions are still underway in the political structures of the remaining seven members. The Maastricht Treaty envisages a common immigration policy that will create important changes involving freedom of movement, a topic beyond the range of this article. -
Regional Preparatory Meeting for WTDC-21 for Arab States (RPM-ARB) Virtual, 7-8 April 2021
Regional Preparatory Meeting for WTDC-21 for Arab States (RPM-ARB) Virtual, 7-8 April 2021 Document RPM-ARB21/12-E 6 April 2021 English only Director, Telecommunication Development Bureau Desk Research: GAP Analysis Report on the Status of Thematic Priorities of the Development Bureau of the International Telecommunication Union in the Arab Region Agenda item: Item 4 Summary: This document contains a report that aims to identify the current gaps and required remedies to be addressed and resolved within the region. Expected results: RPM-ARB is invited to note this document. References: N/A _______________ Contact: Name/Organization/Entity: Mr Adel Darwish, Regional Director, ITU Regional Office for Arab States Phone number: +41 22 730 6006 E-mail: [email protected] RPM-ARB21 ITUPublications International Telecommunication Union Arab States Summary of the Desk Research Report on: GAP Analysis on the Status of Thematic Priorities of the Development Bureau of the International Telecommunication Union in the Arab Region Issued by the ITU Regional Office for Arab States – 2021 GAP Analysis Report in the Arab Region - 2021 Disclaimer This report is based on a desk study research using publicly available data online though websites of Policy Makers and Regulators in the Arab Member States as well as data available from reports produced in the past by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). The ITU understands that there is room for improvement in this report and kindly request Member States to engage with the regional office in a way forward to enhance the remedies related to the various Thematic Priorities of the ITU Development Bureau. -
REPORT 1300 Pennsylvania Ave., NW ISSUE 11 2005 Washington, DC 20004 Tel
E C S P R E P O R T I S S U E 1 1 2 0 0 5 This publication is made possible through support provided by the Office of Population, U.S. Agency for International Development, and the University of Michigan, under the terms of Grant No. HRN-A-00-00-00001. The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Agency for International The University of Michigan Development, the University of Michigan, or the Woodrow Wilson Center. Population Fellows Programs ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE AND SECURITY PROGRAM Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars REPORT 1300 Pennsylvania Ave., NW ISSUE 11 2005 Washington, DC 20004 Tel. (202) 691-4185 Population and Conflict: Exploring Fax (202) 691-4001 the Links [email protected] www.wilsoncenter.org/ecsp Nepal: Environmental Stress, Demographic Change, and the Maoists Population-Environment Funding: A Place for the Demographic Case U.S. Military: Environmental Security in the Gulf Preview: Parks for Peace or Peace for Parks? ISBN: 0-9745919-2-0 Reviews: New Publications WOODROW WILSON INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR SCHOLARS Lee H. Hamilton, President and Director Board of Trustees Joseph B. Gildenhorn, Chair David A. Metzner, Vice Chair Public Members: James H. Billington, Librarian of Congress; John W. Carlin, Archivist of the United States; Bruce Cole, Chair, National Endowment for the Humanities; Michael O. Leavitt, Secretary, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; Tamala L. Longaberger, designated appointee within the Federal Government; Condoleezza Rice, Secretary, U.S. Department of State; Lawrence M. Small, Secretary, Smithsonian Institution; Margaret Spellings, Secretary, U.S. -
The Jewish Refugees from Arab Countries: an Examination of Legal Rights - a Case Study of the Human Rights Violations of Iraqi Jews
Fordham International Law Journal Volume 26, Issue 3 2002 Article 6 The Jewish Refugees from Arab Countries: An Examination of Legal Rights - A Case Study of the Human Rights Violations of Iraqi Jews Carole Basri∗ ∗ Copyright c 2002 by the authors. Fordham International Law Journal is produced by The Berke- ley Electronic Press (bepress). http://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/ilj The Jewish Refugees from Arab Countries: An Examination of Legal Rights - A Case Study of the Human Rights Violations of Iraqi Jews Carole Basri Abstract Although the issues surrounding the Palestinian refugees are frequently addressed at the United Nations (”U.N.”), in the news media, and in legal journals, very little has been written about the Jews displaced from Arab lands. In light of the little known fact that approximately 50% of Israelis are Jews from Arab lands or their descendents, this Article will use Jews from Iraq as a case study in examining the history and rights of Jews from Arab countries, who were expelled or forced to seek refuge elsewhere. Part I of this Article examines the historical legal status of Jews in Iraq and the discriminatory and prosecutorial events that triggered the expulsion of Jews from Iraq. Part II demonstrates that actions taken by Iraq against Jews violated international law stan- dards and other laws applicable now and at that time. Part III addresses the question of whether Jews from Arab lands currently have any available remedies for these violations of their rights. Finally, the Article concludes that a full accounting of the rights of Jews from Arab lands must accompany any discussions aimed at providing a regional peace agreement for the Middle East, if such an agreement is to have strength and legitimacy under international law.