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A Critical Analysis of Mid-Day Meal (MDM) in India

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A Critical Analysis of Mid-Day Meal (MDM) in India Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-3, Issue-3, 2017 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in A Critical Analysis of Mid-Day Meal (MDM) In India Chandra Sekhar Swain1 & Dr. Susmita Das2 1Swain is PhD scholar and doing his research in Sam Higginbotton University of Agriculture, Science & Technology(SHUATS), India 2Das is senior lecturer in Home Science, City Women’s Degree College, Bhubaneswar, India. Abstract: Literacy rate of children in India is In the post independence era, Gujarat was the first marginally very low due to various reasons. Most state to start school lunch programme in 1984. scholars and social scientists attempt to find out However, it was only in 1995 that the National reason of low literacy. One of the core reasons was Programme of Nutritional Support to Primary malnutrition among underprivileged children. Education (NP-NSPE) was launched at the national Government of India has implemented Midday level.iii Before that “in 1958 Tamil Nadu, led by Meal Scheme in India, so they designed the Midday the visionary Chief Minister K Mamarah, become Meal Scheme for school to get better the the first State to initiate a noon-meal program. It nutritional status of school-age children worked because it was in situated in a well nationwide. The objective of this programme was functioning state-funded common school system to give boost to universalization of primary designed to eliminate class and caste based education and to impact the nutritional intake of segregation”iv. But the responsibility rested entirely students in primary classes. This paper will with the teachers, thereby adversely affecting analysis the real factor of MDM and how MDM teaching. Then union territory of Delhi followed brings an impact to present education sector in suit immediately. Presently, MDM scheme in India India. is the world’s largest school lunch program, reaching to about 113 million children in over 1.26 1. Introduction: million schools across the country, with an investment of more than Rs. 100 billion.v “The “They played here, studied here and got buried mid-day meal programme was introduced to here!” (Yahin khela, yahin padha aur yahin ho gya mitigate social inequalities inherited through the dafan)”i. Hunger is also a stumbling block for hierarchical division of society, or what is called education. Many studies have demonstrated that a “resilience of social structures”. This structural hungry child cannot learn. Health and education are discrimination directly impedes equal access to two components which Indian Government focuses benefits of development by excluding the poor and to build nation and compete with first world marginalized.”vi country. This is not new phenomena the condition of education in Government school in India. “Since 2. Objective of Study methods on 1948 Dr. Radhakrishana’s constituted and brought Midday Meal (MMD) a new mode of Indian education with Dr Ambedakar. Sarva Sikhya Abhijan (SSA) has The objective of the study method on the MMD constituted many methodologies to reach out India was to give boost to universalisation of primary with quality education.”ii Chief focus of SSA was education and to impact the nutritional intake of to provide free education to all children in India students in primary classes. Since then, the without any discrimination of caste, race, religion, programme was revised in 2004 and is popularly and color on this point of view our government known as the Mid Day Meal (MDM) scheme. The implements MDM, free book distribution and incumbent government at the centre has uniform to encourage underprivileged parents. One emphasized its implementation in its Common of them MDM was a great challenge for Minimum Programme. It envisages provision of government to bring all children to school. The cooked, nutritious midday meal to primary and main reason of MDM is to provide a meal and secondary school children. Importantly, it mentions encourage schooling to children of daily wager and setting-up of an appropriate mechanism for quality collie. At present Midday Meal is the key issue in checks. “Despite the broad-based efforts of the education sector which creates gender variation, central government for more than a decade and a caste issue, corruption, lack of quality education half and a few pioneering efforts earlier on, the and also malnutrition. problem of malnutrition, anemia, deficiency in Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Page 1644 Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-3, Issue-3, 2017 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in vitamin A and Iodine is very common among perpetuation of social inequalities inherited through children in India. Today, 94 percent of children in the hierarchical division society. the age group of 6 to 9 are mildly, moderately, or severely underweight. About 67.5 percent of While studying the shaping of MDM programme in children under 5 years and 69 percent of adolescent rural and tribal sector in Odisha, I explore into this girls suffer from anaemia due to iron and folic acid aspect of resilience of social structure. The research deficiency.”vii design I would use is survey research, which can have characteristics of experimental and descriptive Given the scope of MDM scheme in terms of the research. The research purpose is to find the crises expenditures incurred and number of beneficiaries of MDM, a correlation between students and on one hand, and the abysmal health and teachers and important of MDM in school. Two demographic statistics on the other, it becomes variables and will therefore have traits of co- imperative that an evaluation of the scheme be relational research. attempted to judge its efficacy. The obvious enormity of the administrative and logistical 4. Finding and Discussion: responsibilities of offering mid day meals in schools raises the issue of alternative forms of 4.1. Hygiene Goes for a Toss at MDM nutrition delivery to the children. Case Study: At Pathan Mohalla Urdu Primary We focus on the quality attributes of the school under NAC, MDM is cooked right next to a food provided to the beneficiaries. If we lavatory and a chocked drain. This is not a solitary are to continue with the MDM scheme, we case. At many Government schools in the district, need to raise the question - Are the noon meals are being cooked next to lavatories, beneficiary children being provided safe abandoned houses, under trees, on roads and even and sufficiently nutritious food as has close to drains, because none of these schools do been envisaged in the scheme? not have kitchens. Document food and food service quality issues observed during school visits. Teachers and cooks at the Pathan Mohalla Urdu Moreover, objective laboratory Primary school said they stoop cooking MDM evaluations of hidden attributes such as during rainy days as the drain overflows flooding nutrition and food safety of a typical meal the road where the food is cooked. For 180 students are presented. of the school having five classes, there are just Students value equal, mutual interaction three classrooms and one of it is uses as the office relationships more than authority model cum store room. relationships Specific suggestions are made in relation The story at Kharapapada Urdu Primary School in to the observations and analysis which is Balasore town is a little different. Two years back, observed on quality of MDM and money was sanctioned to the school for management of school. construction of a kitchen, but the work is yet to What is the difference in the effect of begin. During monsoon school’s cook prepares the students having strong relationships with meal at her house and brings it to the school. Fifty multiple teachers compared to only one years old Cook Isratun Bibi said ‘I cook the food at teacher on student spirituality? my house during rainy days and on the other days; food is prepared inside a partially constructed x 3. Analytical Structure: structure under a tarpaulin cover’. As per the census 2001, literacy rates for the Though the authorities of Sunahat UGUP School Scheduled castes and Schedule tribes are 54.69% & had begun construction of a kitchen before funds 47.1%, respectively as compared to 68.81% for were sanctioned a couple of months back, the work higher castes. viii In generally SC and ST children has not been completed. Here too, food is cooked are higher than lower children. Most of general in unhygienic condition. Due to lack of rooms, they category children in urban sector go to private have converted a classroom into a store room. This school where MDM is not available for them. One disparity is one of the major reasons for the vicious of the reasons for this developmental gap is cycle of malnutrition, disease and poverty which resilience of social structure”.ix Social structure, entraps, specifically, the vulnerable social groups. here, refers to the hierarchical division of society Keeping this view the impact of this cycle on the based on caste, class and gender of Individuals. school participation of rural children, one of the Resilience of social structure refers to the objectives of MDM programme is to enhance the nutritional status of these children. Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Page 1645 Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-3, Issue-3, 2017 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in While the district project coordinator (DPC) of some of them are managed in veranda. All children Sarva Siksha Abhiyan (SSA) said only 62 schools have MDM in Veranda and classes in same. out of 3040 schools in the district do not have First standard to fifth standards classes are kitchens, officials dealing with MDM said 19 crore combined classes by two teachers and they are rupees has been sanctioned for 3202 kitchens in proud on their efficiency how to manage their the district, but they do not have the exact figure of classes.
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