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1 FOB Lipa.Pdf (9.519Mb) PLANEACIÓN AMBIENTAL PARA LA CONSERVACIÓN DE LA BIODIVERSIDAD EN LAS ÁREAS OPERATIVAS DE ECOPETROL -VENTANA LIPA, ARAUCA, ORINOQUIA, COLOMBIA- PRODUCTO 8. INFORME FINAL DE RESULTADOS JUNIO DE 2013 Convenio de cooperación No. 13-12-067-023CE PLANEACIÓN AMBIENTAL PARA LA CONSERVACIÓN DE LA BIODIVERSIDAD EN LAS ÁREAS OPERATIVAS DE ECOPETROL -VENTANA LIPA, ARAUCA, ORINOQUIA, COLOMBIA- EQUIPO DE TRABAJO DE LA FOB: Juan Miguel Ruiz Ovalle, Ornitólogo Lina Marcela Ortiz Arrollave, Ictióloga Magda Catalina Quinche Cano, Herpetóloga Maira Alejandra Villanueva Rivas, Mastozoóloga Francisco Javier Mijares Santana, Botánico William Romero, Técnico de apoyo logístico Karen Elisa Pérez Albarracín, Bióloga, Coordinadora del Proyecto JUNIO DE 2013 2 Convenio de cooperación No. 13-12-067-023CE TABLA DE CONTENIDO 1. ÁREA DE ESTUDIO Y MÉTODOS .............................................................. 19 1.1 ÁREA DE ESTUDIO ................................................................................ 19 1.2 MÉTODOS ............................................................................................... 21 1.2.1 Flora ................................................................................................... 21 1.2.1.1 Ecosistema de sabana inundable ....................................................... 22 1.2.1.1.1 Raudal de la Barquereña ................................................................ 22 1.2.1.1.2 Esteros .......................................................................................... 23 1.2.1.1.3 Bajos ............................................................................................ 24 1.2.1.1.4 Bancos .......................................................................................... 25 1.2.1.1.5 Matas de monte ............................................................................. 26 1.2.1.2 Selvas del Lipa ................................................................................. 27 1.2.1.2.1 Bosque ribereño ............................................................................ 27 1.2.1.2.2 Bosque natural remanente ............................................................. 27 1.2.2 Aves ................................................................................................... 28 1.2.2.1 Apertura de redes de niebla .............................................................. 28 1.2.2.2. Recorridos libres (observaciones y vocalizaciones) ............................. 30 1.2.2.3. Análisis de datos .............................................................................. 31 1.2.2.4. Esfuerzo de muestreo ...................................................................... 31 1.2.3 Mamíferos ........................................................................................... 32 1.2.3.1 Mamíferos voladores ......................................................................... 32 1.2.3.2 Mamíferos pequeños no voladores ..................................................... 33 1.2.3.3 Mamíferos Medianos y Grandes ......................................................... 34 1.2.4 Anfibios y Reptiles ............................................................................... 35 1.2.4.1 Preservación de material ................................................................... 36 1.2.4.2 Obtención de tejidos para estudios moleculares .................................. 36 1.2.4.3 Métodos indirectos ............................................................................ 37 1.2.5 Peces ................................................................................................. 37 1.2.5.1 Artes de pesca .................................................................................. 37 1.2.5.2 Ubicación de las estaciones de muestreo ............................................ 39 1.2.5.3 Parámetros físico-químicos ................................................................ 41 1.2.5.4 Descripción de las estaciones de muestreo: Amenazas y uso actual ..... 42 2. RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN ................................................................... 44 2.1 Flora ...................................................................................................... 44 2.1.1 Composición florística y estructura del raudal de La Barquereña ............. 44 2.1.3 Composición florística y estructura de los esteros .................................. 47 2.1.4 Composición florística de los bajos ........................................................ 48 2.1.5 Composición florística de los bancos ..................................................... 49 2.1.6 Composición florística de las “matas de monte” ..................................... 50 2.1.2 Ecosistema Selvas del Lipa ................................................................... 53 3 Convenio de cooperación No. 13-12-067-023CE 2.1.2.1 Composición florística del bosque ribereño ........................................ 53 2.1.2.2 Composición florística del bosque natural remanente o fragmentos de la “Selva del Lipa” ............................................................................................ 57 2.1.2.3 Potreros ........................................................................................... 60 2.1.3 Georreferenciación de especies de flora objeto de conservación ............. 62 2.1.5 Consolidado de especies encontradas e identificadas en las coberturas vegetales evaluadas ..................................................................................... 63 2.1.6 Especies caducifolias en la Ventana Lipa ............................................... 74 2.2 Aves ...................................................................................................... 76 2. 2. 1 Riqueza y abundancia de aves en la sabana inundable y la selva de Lipa. ................................................................................................................... 77 2.2.2 Curva de acumulación de especies y análisis de similaridad .................... 80 2.2.3 Aspectos reproductivos de las aves ....................................................... 82 2.2.4 Especies de aves para ampliación de distribución ................................. 86 2.3 Mamíferos .............................................................................................. 88 2.3.1 Mamíferos Voladores (murciélagos) ...................................................... 88 2.3.2 Mamíferos pequeños no voladores ........................................................ 99 2.3.3 Mamíferos medianos y grandes .......................................................... 100 2.4 Anfibios y Reptiles ................................................................................ 110 2.4.1 Anfibios ............................................................................................ 111 2.4.2 Reptiles ............................................................................................ 117 2.5 Peces .................................................................................................. 125 3. VERIFICACIÓN DE COBERTURAS, AMENAZAS Y OPORTUNIDADES LOCALES DE ACUERDO AL USO ACTUAL Y MANEJO DE LAS ESPECIES DE FAUNA Y FLORA PRIORIZADAS .............................................................. 131 3.1 Flora .................................................................................................... 131 3.1.1 Ecosistema de sabana inundable ........................................................ 131 3.1.1.1 “Raudal ” de la Barquereña ............................................................. 131 3.1.1.1.1 Amenazas sobre el raudal de la Barquereña .................................. 132 3.1.1.1.2 Oportunidades locales para la conservación del raudal ................... 133 3.1.1.2 Esteros .......................................................................................... 133 3.1.1.2.1 Amenazas sobre los esteros .......................................................... 134 3.1.1.2.2 Oportunidades locales para la conservación de los esteros ............. 135 3.1.1.3 Bajos ............................................................................................. 136 3.1.1.3.1 Amenazas sobre los bajos ............................................................ 137 3.1.1.3.2 Oportunidades locales para la conservación de los bajos ................ 138 3.1.1.4 Bancos ........................................................................................... 138 3.1.1.4.1 Amenazas sobre los bancos .......................................................... 139 3.1.1.4.2 Oportunidades locales para la conservación de los bancos .............. 140 3.1.1.5 Matas de monte ............................................................................. 141 3.1.1.5.1 Amenazas sobre las “Matas de monte” .......................................... 142 3.1.1.5.2 Oportunidades para la conservación de las “matas de monte” ........ 143 4 Convenio de cooperación No. 13-12-067-023CE 3.1.2 Ecosistema de la “selva del Lipa” ........................................................ 144 3.1.2.1 Bosque ribereño ............................................................................. 144 3.1.2.1.1 Amenazas sobre el bosque ribereño .............................................. 145 3.1.2.1.2 Oportunidades para la conservación del bosque ribereño ............... 145 3.1.2.2 Bosque natural remanente o fragmentos de la “Selva del Lipa”.......... 146 3.1.2.2.1 Amenazas sobre el bosque natural remanente o fragmentos de la “Selva del Lipa” .........................................................................................
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