Multiple Stressors in Floodplain Ecosystems
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Direct and Indirect Chemical Defences Against Insects in a Multitrophic Framework
bs_bs_banner Plant, Cell and Environment (2014) 37, 1741–1752 doi: 10.1111/pce.12318 Review Direct and indirect chemical defences against insects in a multitrophic framework Rieta Gols Laboratory of Entomology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands ABSTRACT higher plant species (Pichersky & Lewinsohn 2011). The diversity of secondary or specialized metabolites across Plant secondary metabolites play an important role in medi- species is tremendous and likely exceeds 200 000 (Pichersky ating interactions with insect herbivores and their natural & Lewinsohn 2011). Primary plant metabolites, such as pro- enemies. Metabolites stored in plant tissues are usually inves- teins, carbohydrates and lipids, are important for basic tigated in relation to herbivore behaviour and performance physiological processes in plants and are often also essential (direct defence), whereas volatile metabolites are often nutrients for insects (Scriber & Slansky 1981; Schoonhoven studied in relation to natural enemy attraction (indirect et al. 2005). defence). However, so-called direct and indirect defences Secondary plant metabolites play an important role in may also affect the behaviour and performance of the herb- plant interactions with the biotic and abiotic environment ivore’s natural enemies and the natural enemy’s prey or (Schoonhoven et al. 2005; Iason et al. 2012). The defence hosts, respectively. This suggests that the distinction between properties of these phytochemicals against a broad range of these defence strategies may not be as black and white as is organisms such as insect herbivores and pathogens dominate often portrayed in the literature. The ecological costs associ- the literature on plant secondary metabolites. In addition, ated with direct and indirect chemical defence are often volatile metabolites may serve as signals in the communica- poorly understood. -
Natural Communities of Michigan: Classification and Description
Natural Communities of Michigan: Classification and Description Prepared by: Michael A. Kost, Dennis A. Albert, Joshua G. Cohen, Bradford S. Slaughter, Rebecca K. Schillo, Christopher R. Weber, and Kim A. Chapman Michigan Natural Features Inventory P.O. Box 13036 Lansing, MI 48901-3036 For: Michigan Department of Natural Resources Wildlife Division and Forest, Mineral and Fire Management Division September 30, 2007 Report Number 2007-21 Version 1.2 Last Updated: July 9, 2010 Suggested Citation: Kost, M.A., D.A. Albert, J.G. Cohen, B.S. Slaughter, R.K. Schillo, C.R. Weber, and K.A. Chapman. 2007. Natural Communities of Michigan: Classification and Description. Michigan Natural Features Inventory, Report Number 2007-21, Lansing, MI. 314 pp. Copyright 2007 Michigan State University Board of Trustees. Michigan State University Extension programs and materials are open to all without regard to race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, marital status or family status. Cover photos: Top left, Dry Sand Prairie at Indian Lake, Newaygo County (M. Kost); top right, Limestone Bedrock Lakeshore, Summer Island, Delta County (J. Cohen); lower left, Muskeg, Luce County (J. Cohen); and lower right, Mesic Northern Forest as a matrix natural community, Porcupine Mountains Wilderness State Park, Ontonagon County (M. Kost). Acknowledgements We thank the Michigan Department of Natural Resources Wildlife Division and Forest, Mineral, and Fire Management Division for funding this effort to classify and describe the natural communities of Michigan. This work relied heavily on data collected by many present and former Michigan Natural Features Inventory (MNFI) field scientists and collaborators, including members of the Michigan Natural Areas Council. -
Floristic Study of Bryophytes in a Subtropical Forest of Nabeup-Ri at Aewol Gotjawal, Jejudo Island
− pISSN 1225-8318 Korean J. Pl. Taxon. 48(1): 100 108 (2018) eISSN 2466-1546 https://doi.org/10.11110/kjpt.2018.48.1.100 Korean Journal of ORIGINAL ARTICLE Plant Taxonomy Floristic study of bryophytes in a subtropical forest of Nabeup-ri at Aewol Gotjawal, Jejudo Island Eun-Young YIM* and Hwa-Ja HYUN Warm Temperate and Subtropical Forest Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science, Seogwipo 63582, Korea (Received 24 February 2018; Revised 26 March 2018; Accepted 29 March 2018) ABSTRACT: This study presents a survey of bryophytes in a subtropical forest of Nabeup-ri, known as Geumsan Park, located at Aewol Gotjawal in the northwestern part of Jejudo Island, Korea. A total of 63 taxa belonging to Bryophyta (22 families 37 genera 44 species), Marchantiophyta (7 families 11 genera 18 species), and Antho- cerotophyta (1 family 1 genus 1 species) were determined, and the liverwort index was 30.2%. The predominant life form was the mat form. The rates of bryophytes dominating in mesic to hygric sites were higher than the bryophytes mainly observed in xeric habitats. These values indicate that such forests are widespread in this study area. Moreover, the rock was the substrate type, which plays a major role in providing micro-habitats for bryophytes. We suggest that more detailed studies of the bryophyte flora should be conducted on a regional scale to provide basic data for selecting indicator species of Gotjawal and evergreen broad-leaved forests on Jejudo Island. Keywords: bryophyte, Aewol Gotjawal, liverwort index, life-form Jejudo Island was formed by volcanic activities and has geological, ecological, and cultural aspects (Jeong et al., 2013; unique topological and geological features. -
Bidirectional Plant‐Mediated Interactions Between Rhizobacteria and Shoot‐Feeding Herbivorous Insects
Ecological Entomology (2020), DOI: 10.1111/een.12966 INVITEDREVIEW Bidirectional plant-mediated interactions between rhizobacteria and shoot-feeding herbivorous insects: a community ecology perspective JULIA FRIMAN,1 ANA PINEDA,2 JOOP J.A. VAN LOON1 , and MARCEL DICKE1 3 1Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands, 2Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands and 3Marcel Dicke, Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands Abstract. 1. Plants interact with various organisms, aboveground as well as below- ground. Such interactions result in changes in plant traits with consequences for mem- bers of the plant-associated community at different trophic levels. Research thus far focussed on interactions of plants with individual species. However, studying such inter- actions in a community context is needed to gain a better understanding. 2. Members of the aboveground insect community induce defences that systemically influence plant interactions with herbivorous as well as carnivorous insects. Plant roots are associated with a community of plant-growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). This PGPR community modulates insect-induced defences of plants. Thus, PGPR and insects interact indirectly via plant-mediated interactions. 3. Such plant-mediated interactions between belowground PGPR and aboveground insects have usually been addressed unidirectionally from belowground to aboveground. Here, we take a bidirectional approach to these cross-compartment plant-mediated interactions. 4. Recent studies show that upon aboveground attack by insect herbivores, plants may recruit rhizobacteria that enhance plant defence against the attackers. This rearranging of the PGPR community in the rhizosphere has consequences for members of the aboveground insect community. -
Bryoflora of the Great Cypress Swamp Conservation Area, Sussex County, Delaware and Worcester County, Maryland
The Maryland Naturalist 43 (3-4):9-17 . July/December 1999 The Bryoflora of the Great Cypress Swamp Conservation Area, Sussex County, Delaware and Worcester County, Maryland William A. McAvoy Introduction In 1998 the Delaware Natural Heritage Program (DNHP), with funding from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, completed a biological/ecological survey of the Great Cypress Swamp Conservation Area (GCSCA). The GCSCA is located in the central portion of the Delmarva Peninsula (a land area composed of the coastal plain counties of Delaware and the eastern shore counties of Maryland and Virginia) and lies on the border of Sussex County, Delaware and Worcester County, Maryland (Figure 1). Though the survey included a variety of inventories (avian, amphibian and reptile, natural community, and rare vascular plants), it is the data collected on bryophytes (mosses and liverworts) that are reported here. The study ofbryophytes on the Delmarva Peninsula has attracted very little interest over the years, and a search of the literature revealed only four pertinent papers. Owens (1949), while studying at the University of Maryland, submitted a graduate thesis titled A Preliminary List of Maryland Mosses and their Distribution. This annotated list, containing county distribution data and briefhabitat notes, included 198 taxa of mosses for the state of Maryland, with 65 taxa attributed to the eastern shore counties of Delmarva. Owens's list was based solely on pre-I 949 collections at US and MARY (Herbaria acronyms follow Holmgren et al. 1990). Confirmations and determinations were made by the author, as well as by numerous other authorities in the field ofbryology (Owens 1949). -
Molecular Phylogeny of Chinese Thuidiaceae with Emphasis on Thuidium and Pelekium
Molecular Phylogeny of Chinese Thuidiaceae with emphasis on Thuidium and Pelekium QI-YING, CAI1, 2, BI-CAI, GUAN2, GANG, GE2, YAN-MING, FANG 1 1 College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China. 2 College of Life Science, Nanchang University, 330031 Nanchang, China. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract We present molecular phylogenetic investigation of Thuidiaceae, especially on Thudium and Pelekium. Three chloroplast sequences (trnL-F, rps4, and atpB-rbcL) and one nuclear sequence (ITS) were analyzed. Data partitions were analyzed separately and in combination by employing MP (maximum parsimony) and Bayesian methods. The influence of data conflict in combined analyses was further explored by two methods: the incongruence length difference (ILD) test and the partition addition bootstrap alteration approach (PABA). Based on the results, ITS 1& 2 had crucial effect in phylogenetic reconstruction in this study, and more chloroplast sequences should be combinated into the analyses since their stability for reconstructing within genus of pleurocarpous mosses. We supported that Helodiaceae including Actinothuidium, Bryochenea, and Helodium still attributed to Thuidiaceae, and the monophyletic Thuidiaceae s. lat. should also include several genera (or species) from Leskeaceae such as Haplocladium and Leskea. In the Thuidiaceae, Thuidium and Pelekium were resolved as two monophyletic groups separately. The results from molecular phylogeny were supported by the crucial morphological characters in Thuidiaceae s. lat., Thuidium and Pelekium. Key words: Thuidiaceae, Thuidium, Pelekium, molecular phylogeny, cpDNA, ITS, PABA approach Introduction Pleurocarpous mosses consist of around 5000 species that are defined by the presence of lateral perichaetia along the gametophyte stems. Monophyletic pleurocarpous mosses were resolved as three orders: Ptychomniales, Hypnales, and Hookeriales (Shaw et al. -
About the Book the Format Acknowledgments
About the Book For more than ten years I have been working on a book on bryophyte ecology and was joined by Heinjo During, who has been very helpful in critiquing multiple versions of the chapters. But as the book progressed, the field of bryophyte ecology progressed faster. No chapter ever seemed to stay finished, hence the decision to publish online. Furthermore, rather than being a textbook, it is evolving into an encyclopedia that would be at least three volumes. Having reached the age when I could retire whenever I wanted to, I no longer needed be so concerned with the publish or perish paradigm. In keeping with the sharing nature of bryologists, and the need to educate the non-bryologists about the nature and role of bryophytes in the ecosystem, it seemed my personal goals could best be accomplished by publishing online. This has several advantages for me. I can choose the format I want, I can include lots of color images, and I can post chapters or parts of chapters as I complete them and update later if I find it important. Throughout the book I have posed questions. I have even attempt to offer hypotheses for many of these. It is my hope that these questions and hypotheses will inspire students of all ages to attempt to answer these. Some are simple and could even be done by elementary school children. Others are suitable for undergraduate projects. And some will take lifelong work or a large team of researchers around the world. Have fun with them! The Format The decision to publish Bryophyte Ecology as an ebook occurred after I had a publisher, and I am sure I have not thought of all the complexities of publishing as I complete things, rather than in the order of the planned organization. -
ARTHROPODA Subphylum Hexapoda Protura, Springtails, Diplura, and Insects
NINE Phylum ARTHROPODA SUBPHYLUM HEXAPODA Protura, springtails, Diplura, and insects ROD P. MACFARLANE, PETER A. MADDISON, IAN G. ANDREW, JOCELYN A. BERRY, PETER M. JOHNS, ROBERT J. B. HOARE, MARIE-CLAUDE LARIVIÈRE, PENELOPE GREENSLADE, ROSA C. HENDERSON, COURTenaY N. SMITHERS, RicarDO L. PALMA, JOHN B. WARD, ROBERT L. C. PILGRIM, DaVID R. TOWNS, IAN McLELLAN, DAVID A. J. TEULON, TERRY R. HITCHINGS, VICTOR F. EASTOP, NICHOLAS A. MARTIN, MURRAY J. FLETCHER, MARLON A. W. STUFKENS, PAMELA J. DALE, Daniel BURCKHARDT, THOMAS R. BUCKLEY, STEVEN A. TREWICK defining feature of the Hexapoda, as the name suggests, is six legs. Also, the body comprises a head, thorax, and abdomen. The number A of abdominal segments varies, however; there are only six in the Collembola (springtails), 9–12 in the Protura, and 10 in the Diplura, whereas in all other hexapods there are strictly 11. Insects are now regarded as comprising only those hexapods with 11 abdominal segments. Whereas crustaceans are the dominant group of arthropods in the sea, hexapods prevail on land, in numbers and biomass. Altogether, the Hexapoda constitutes the most diverse group of animals – the estimated number of described species worldwide is just over 900,000, with the beetles (order Coleoptera) comprising more than a third of these. Today, the Hexapoda is considered to contain four classes – the Insecta, and the Protura, Collembola, and Diplura. The latter three classes were formerly allied with the insect orders Archaeognatha (jumping bristletails) and Thysanura (silverfish) as the insect subclass Apterygota (‘wingless’). The Apterygota is now regarded as an artificial assemblage (Bitsch & Bitsch 2000). -
Banisteria21 Piedmontmosses
28 BANISTERIA No. 21, 2003 PLATE 7 BREIL: PIEDMONT MOSSES 29 2a. Leaves not keeled (V-shaped in cross-section), Hygroamblystegium tenax (Hedw.) Jenn. lying flat on a slide; midrib flat, not prominent (Amblystegium tenax of some authors) - On wet rocks at back; leaf tip usually acute; capsules exserted in and beside brooks. Amelia, Buckingham, Campbell, ........................................................ G. laevigata Mecklenburg, Prince Edward, Spotsylvania counties. 2b. Leaves keeled, some lying folded at least at Plate 7. apex; capsules immersed............. G. apocarpa 41. Hygrohypnum Lindb. 1. Grimmia alpicola Hedw. On dry granite rock. Prince Edward County. Creeping, irregularly branched, moderate-sized mosses, in shiny, yellowish to golden-brown soft mats. 2. Grimmia apocarpa Hedw. Leaves concave, crowded, with midrib short, single On rocks in dry exposed places. Lunenburg, Nottoway or forked, strong. Setae long, reddish, capsules counties. Plate 7. cylindric, almost erect, curved when dry. 3. Grimmia laevigata (Brid.) Brid. Hygrohypnum eugyrium (BSG) Loeske On exposed rock or soil over rock. This species is On wet rocks in or along streams. Buckingham, important in primary succession on vast expanses of Spotsylvania counties. Plate 7. flat granitic rocks along the Fall Line and throughout the Piedmont. Albemarle, Amelia, Lunenburg, 42. Hypnum Hedw. Nottoway, Prince Edward, Spotsylvania counties. Creeping slender to robust mosses, irregularly to 38. Haplohymenium Dozy & Molk pinnately branched, in green, yellowish, or golden green mats or tufts. Stems and branches usually hooked Small creeping plants, freely and irregularly branched, at tips. Leaves crowded, strongly curved and turned in dull, dark green or yellow-green to brown rigid mats. to one side. Setae long; capsules erect to inclined, cylindric, curved and asymmetric. -
Biodiversity and Functioning of Terrestrial Food Webs : Application to Transfers of Trace Metals
Biodiversity and functioning of terrestrial food webs : application to transfers of trace metals. Shinji Ozaki To cite this version: Shinji Ozaki. Biodiversity and functioning of terrestrial food webs : application to transfers of trace metals.. Agricultural sciences. Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. English. NNT : 2019UBFCD018. tel-02555117 HAL Id: tel-02555117 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02555117 Submitted on 27 Apr 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. THESE DE DOCTORAT De l’etablissement Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté Preparée au Laboratoire UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement École doctorale n°554 Environnements – Santé Doctorat de Sciences de la Terre et de l’Environnement Par M. Shinji Ozaki Biodiversité et fonctionnement des réseaux trophiques terrestres : Application aux transferts d’éléments traces métalliques. Thèse présentée et soutenue à Besançon, le 18 juin 2019 Composition du Jury : Mme. Sandrine Charles Professeure, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Présidente ; Examinatrice Mme. Elena Gomez Professeure, Université de Montpellier Rapporteure M. Nico van den Brink Associate Professeur, Wageningen University Rapporteur M. Renaud Scheifler Maître de conférences, HDR, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté Directeur de thèse M. Francis Raoul Maître de conférences, HDR, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté Co-directeur de thèse Mme. -
Substratum Properties and Mosses in Semi-Arid Environments. a Case Study from North Turkey
Cryptogamie, Bryologie, 2014, 35 (2): 181-196 © 2014 Adac. Tous droits réservés Substratum properties and mosses in semi-arid environments. A case study from North Turkey Gökhan ABAYa*, Ebru GÜLa, Serhat URSAVA™a & Sabit ER™AHINa aÇankırı Karatekin University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Engineering, 18200 Çankırı, Turkey Abstract – We investigated moss flora distribution and their relationship to substrates of a semi-arid environment in Cankiri, northwest Turkey. Moss samples were taken from soil surfaces, rock, and tree barks. Soil samples were taken from underneath mosses at 17 sites and soil texture, CaCO3, pH, electrical conductivity, and soil organic matter were measured. Rock samples were collected from 15 different rock types and some mosses were collected from the oak barks. Identification of the moss specimens revealed the presence of 58 taxa belonging to 23 genera and 10 families – three species included in the Red Data Book of European Bryophytes. The relationship between moss occurrence patterns and terrestrial variables was evaluated by multiple linear regression analysis. No significant relationship could be established between Syntrichia ruralis and any of the studied terrestrial variables. Silt content correlated to the greatest number of moss taxa while pH could correlate with only one taxon. Grimmia trichophylla and Syntrichia ruralis were the most abundant species within the collected mosses and Tortula revolvens and Ceratodon purpureus were specific to calcareous soils in the study area. Arid Lands / Mosses / Biological soil crusts / Multiple linear regression analysis / Soil physical and chemical properties / Çankiri INTRODUCTION Open spaces in many arid and semi-arid environments are commonly covered by biological soil crusts (BSCs) composed of cyanobacteria, algae, fungi, lichens, and bryophytes (mosses and liverworts) (Chamizo et al., 2012). -
2018 Arthropod-Borne Diseases.Pdf
15th - 16th November 2018 / Greifswald – Insel Riems Workshop on Arthropod-Borne Diseases 2018 Welcome to the Workshop on Arthropod-Borne Diseases transmitted by ticks, mites, fleas, and lice 15th - 16th November 2018 Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Institute for Animal Health Conference Room Südufer 10, D-17493 Greifswald - Isle of Riems, Germany [1] Workshop on Arthropod-Borne Diseases 2018 15th - 16th November 2018 / Greifswald – Insel Riems Content Page General Information ..................................................................................................... 4 Scientific Programme ................................................................................................... 5 Abstracts Distribution, ecology, taxonomy and data on the biological control of mosquito vectors in Albania based on a country-wide field survey Elton Rogozi .................................................................................................................... 8 Artificial tick feeding systems: possibilities and challenges Ard Nijhof .....................................................................................................................10 Development of an in vitro feeding system for the analysis of the vector competence of ticks in the transmission of Coxiella burnetii Gustavo R. Makert ...........................................................................................................11 Modelling uptake and organ distribution of Coxiella burnetii in ticks – development of an in vitro feeding system Sophia