Biodiversity and Functioning of Terrestrial Food Webs : Application to Transfers of Trace Metals
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Topic Paper Chilterns Beechwoods
. O O o . 0 O . 0 . O Shoping growth in Docorum Appendices for Topic Paper for the Chilterns Beechwoods SAC A summary/overview of available evidence BOROUGH Dacorum Local Plan (2020-2038) Emerging Strategy for Growth COUNCIL November 2020 Appendices Natural England reports 5 Chilterns Beechwoods Special Area of Conservation 6 Appendix 1: Citation for Chilterns Beechwoods Special Area of Conservation (SAC) 7 Appendix 2: Chilterns Beechwoods SAC Features Matrix 9 Appendix 3: European Site Conservation Objectives for Chilterns Beechwoods Special Area of Conservation Site Code: UK0012724 11 Appendix 4: Site Improvement Plan for Chilterns Beechwoods SAC, 2015 13 Ashridge Commons and Woods SSSI 27 Appendix 5: Ashridge Commons and Woods SSSI citation 28 Appendix 6: Condition summary from Natural England’s website for Ashridge Commons and Woods SSSI 31 Appendix 7: Condition Assessment from Natural England’s website for Ashridge Commons and Woods SSSI 33 Appendix 8: Operations likely to damage the special interest features at Ashridge Commons and Woods, SSSI, Hertfordshire/Buckinghamshire 38 Appendix 9: Views About Management: A statement of English Nature’s views about the management of Ashridge Commons and Woods Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), 2003 40 Tring Woodlands SSSI 44 Appendix 10: Tring Woodlands SSSI citation 45 Appendix 11: Condition summary from Natural England’s website for Tring Woodlands SSSI 48 Appendix 12: Condition Assessment from Natural England’s website for Tring Woodlands SSSI 51 Appendix 13: Operations likely to damage the special interest features at Tring Woodlands SSSI 53 Appendix 14: Views About Management: A statement of English Nature’s views about the management of Tring Woodlands Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), 2003. -
Direct and Indirect Chemical Defences Against Insects in a Multitrophic Framework
bs_bs_banner Plant, Cell and Environment (2014) 37, 1741–1752 doi: 10.1111/pce.12318 Review Direct and indirect chemical defences against insects in a multitrophic framework Rieta Gols Laboratory of Entomology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands ABSTRACT higher plant species (Pichersky & Lewinsohn 2011). The diversity of secondary or specialized metabolites across Plant secondary metabolites play an important role in medi- species is tremendous and likely exceeds 200 000 (Pichersky ating interactions with insect herbivores and their natural & Lewinsohn 2011). Primary plant metabolites, such as pro- enemies. Metabolites stored in plant tissues are usually inves- teins, carbohydrates and lipids, are important for basic tigated in relation to herbivore behaviour and performance physiological processes in plants and are often also essential (direct defence), whereas volatile metabolites are often nutrients for insects (Scriber & Slansky 1981; Schoonhoven studied in relation to natural enemy attraction (indirect et al. 2005). defence). However, so-called direct and indirect defences Secondary plant metabolites play an important role in may also affect the behaviour and performance of the herb- plant interactions with the biotic and abiotic environment ivore’s natural enemies and the natural enemy’s prey or (Schoonhoven et al. 2005; Iason et al. 2012). The defence hosts, respectively. This suggests that the distinction between properties of these phytochemicals against a broad range of these defence strategies may not be as black and white as is organisms such as insect herbivores and pathogens dominate often portrayed in the literature. The ecological costs associ- the literature on plant secondary metabolites. In addition, ated with direct and indirect chemical defence are often volatile metabolites may serve as signals in the communica- poorly understood. -
"Ecology of Water Relations in Plants". In: Encyclopedia of Life
Ecology of Water Relations Advanced article in Plants Article Contents . Introduction Yoseph Negusse Araya, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK . Water Uptake and Movement through Plants . Water Stress and Plants Water is an important resource for plant growth. Availability of water in the soil determines . Plant Sensing and Adaptation to Water Stress the niche, distribution and competitive interaction of plants in the environment. Distribution of Plants in Response to Water Regime Introduction doi: 10.1002/9780470015902.a0003201 Importance of water for plants Moisture Water typically constitutes 80–95% of the mass of growing 8 plant tissues and plays a crucial role for plant growth (Taiz 7 and Zeiger, 1998). Plants require water for a number of 6 physiological processes (e.g. synthesis of carbohydrates) 5 and for associated physical functions (e.g. keeping plants turgid). 4 Water accomplishes its many functions because of its 3 Moisture index 2 unique characteristics: the polarity of the molecule H2O (which makes it an excellent solvent), viscosity (which 1 makes it capable of moving through plant tissues by 0 capillary action) and thermal properties (which makes it Forest Woodland Grassland Desert capable of cooling plant tissues). Total net productivity 1 Plants require water, soil nutrients, carbon dioxide, ox- − 1000 year ygen and solar radiation for growth. Of these, water is most 2 − often the most limiting: influencing productivity (Taiz and m 1 800 Zeiger, 1998) as well as the diversity of species (Rodriguez- − Iturbe and Porporato, 2004) in both natural and agricul- 600 tural ecosystems. This is illustrated graphically in Figure 1. 400 How does water affect ecology of plants? 200 In order to understand the ecology of plant–water rela- 0 Total net productivity g Total tions it is important to understand from where and how Forest Woodland Grassland Desert plants acquire water in their environment (the latter is dis- cussed in the section on water uptake and movement Plant species diversity through plants). -
Supra-Familial Taxon Names of the Diplopoda Table 4A
Milli-PEET, Taxonomy Table 4 Page - 1 - Table 4: Supra-familial taxon names of the Diplopoda Table 4a: List of current supra-familial taxon names in alphabetical order, with their old invalid counterpart and included orders. [Brackets] indicate that the taxon group circumscribed by the old taxon group name is not recognized in Shelley's 2003 classification. Current Name Old Taxon Name Order Brannerioidea in part Trachyzona Verhoeff, 1913 Chordeumatida Callipodida Lysiopetalida Chamberlin, 1943 Callipodida [Cambaloidea+Spirobolida+ Chorizognatha Verhoeff, 1910 Cambaloidea+Spirobolida+ Spirostreptida] Spirostreptida Chelodesmidea Leptodesmidi Brölemann, 1916 Polydesmida Chelodesmidea Sphaeriodesmidea Jeekel, 1971 Polydesmida Chordeumatida Ascospermophora Verhoeff, 1900 Chordeumatida Chordeumatida Craspedosomatida Jeekel, 1971 Chordeumatida Chordeumatidea Craspedsomatoidea Cook, 1895 Chordeumatida Chordeumatoidea Megasacophora Verhoeff, 1929 Chordeumatida Craspedosomatoidea Cheiritophora Verhoeff, 1929 Chordeumatida Diplomaragnoidea Ancestreumatoidea Golovatch, 1977 Chordeumatida Glomerida Plesiocerata Verhoeff, 1910 Glomerida Hasseoidea Orobainosomidi Brolemann, 1935 Chordeumatida Hasseoidea Protopoda Verhoeff, 1929 Chordeumatida Helminthomorpha Proterandria Verhoeff, 1894 all helminthomorph orders Heterochordeumatoidea Oedomopoda Verhoeff, 1929 Chordeumatida Julida Symphyognatha Verhoeff, 1910 Julida Julida Zygocheta Cook, 1895 Julida [Julida+Spirostreptida] Diplocheta Cook, 1895 Julida+Spirostreptida [Julida in part[ Arthrophora Verhoeff, -
Variations in Carabidae Assemblages Across The
Original scientific paper DOI: /10.5513/JCEA01/19.1.2022 Journal of Central European Agriculture, 2018, 19(1), p.1-23 Variations in Carabidae assemblages across the farmland habitats in relation to selected environmental variables including soil properties Zmeny spoločenstiev bystruškovitých rôznych typov habitatov poľnohospodárskej krajiny v závislosti od vybraných environmentálnych faktorov vrátane pôdnych vlastností Beáta BARANOVÁ1*, Danica FAZEKAŠOVÁ2, Peter MANKO1 and Tomáš JÁSZAY3 1Department of Ecology, Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, University of Prešov in Prešov, 17. novembra 1, 081 16 Prešov, Slovakia, *correspondence: [email protected] 2Department of Environmental Management, Faculty of Management, University of Prešov in Prešov, Slovenská 67, 080 01 Prešov, Slovakia 3The Šariš Museum in Bardejov, Department of Natural Sciences, Radničné námestie 13, 085 01 Bardejov, Slovakia Abstract The variations in ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) assemblages across the three types of farmland habitats, arable land, meadows and woody vegetation were studied in relation to vegetation cover structure, intensity of agrotechnical interventions and selected soil properties. Material was pitfall trapped in 2010 and 2011 on twelve sites of the agricultural landscape in the Prešov town and its near vicinity, Eastern Slovakia. A total of 14,763 ground beetle individuals were entrapped. Material collection resulted into 92 Carabidae species, with the following six species dominating: Poecilus cupreus, Pterostichus melanarius, Pseudoophonus rufipes, Brachinus crepitans, Anchomenus dorsalis and Poecilus versicolor. Studied habitats differed significantly in the number of entrapped individuals, activity abundance as well as representation of the carabids according to their habitat preferences and ability to fly. However, no significant distinction was observed in the diversity, evenness neither dominance. -
Diplopoda, Polyxenida, Lophoproctidae) Extend the Range of the Genus Lophoproctus
A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 510: 209–222 (2015) New records of Lophoproctus coecus Pocock, 1894... 209 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.510.8668 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research New records of Lophoproctus coecus Pocock, 1894 (Diplopoda, Polyxenida, Lophoproctidae) extend the range of the genus Lophoproctus Megan Short1 1 Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Melbourne, Australia Corresponding author: Megan Short ([email protected]) Academic editor: Ivan H. Tuf | Received 29 September 2014 | Accepted 5 May 2015 | Published 30 June 2015 http://zoobank.org/4FF544AC-67B8-413A-A544-38A3F299FCF1 Citation: Short M (2015) New records of Lophoproctus coecus Pocock, 1894 (Diplopoda, Polyxenida, Lophoproctidae) extend the range of the genus Lophoproctus. In: Tuf IH, Tajovský K (Eds) Proceedings of the 16th International Congress of Myriapodology, Olomouc, Czech Republic. ZooKeys 510: 209–222. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.510.8668 Abstract The geographic distribution of the genus Lophoproctus Pocock, 1894 has greatly expanded with new re- cords of the species Lophoproctus coecus Pocock, 1894, together with the reassignment of a number of millipedes formerly identified as Lophoproctus lucidus (Chalande, 1888). L. coecus was found to be the sole representative of the family Lophoproctidae in collections examined from Crimea and the Caucasian region. The species was also identified from Iran and Kyrgyzstan.Lophoproctus specimens collected in Italy by Verhoeff were reassigned as L. coecus with the exception of one specimen of L. jeanneli (Brölemann, 1910) from Capri. These data were combined with all available information from the literature to look at the pattern of distribution of the four species in the genus. -
Acari, Parasitidae) and Its Phoretic Carriers in the Iberian Peninsula Marta I
First record of Poecilochirus mrciaki Mašán, 1999 (Acari, Parasitidae) and its phoretic carriers in the Iberian peninsula Marta I. Saloña Bordas, M. Alejandra Perotti To cite this version: Marta I. Saloña Bordas, M. Alejandra Perotti. First record of Poecilochirus mrciaki Mašán, 1999 (Acari, Parasitidae) and its phoretic carriers in the Iberian peninsula. Acarologia, Acarologia, 2019, 59 (2), pp.242-252. 10.24349/acarologia/20194328. hal-02177500 HAL Id: hal-02177500 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02177500 Submitted on 9 Jul 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution| 4.0 International License Acarologia A quarterly journal of acarology, since 1959 Publishing on all aspects of the Acari All information: http://www1.montpellier.inra.fr/CBGP/acarologia/ [email protected] Acarologia is proudly non-profit, with no page charges and free open access Please help us maintain this system by encouraging your institutes to subscribe to the print version of the journal and by sending -
T1)E Bedford,1)Ire Naturaii,T 45
T1)e Bedford,1)ire NaturaIi,t 45 Journal for the year 1990 Bedfordshire Natural History Society 1991 'ISSN 0951 8959 I BEDFORDSHffiE NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY 1991 Chairman: Mr D. Anderson, 88 Eastmoor Park, Harpenden, Herts ALS 1BP Honorary Secretary: Mr M.C. Williams, 2 Ive! Close, Barton-le-Clay, Bedford MK4S 4NT Honorary Treasurer: MrJ.D. Burchmore, 91 Sundon Road, Harlington, Dunstable, Beds LUS 6LW Honorary Editor (Bedfordshire Naturalist): Mr C.R. Boon, 7 Duck End Lane, Maulden, Bedford MK4S 2DL Honorary Membership Secretary: Mrs M.]. Sheridan, 28 Chestnut Hill, Linslade, Leighton Buzzard, Beds LU7 7TR Honorary Scientific Committee Secretary: Miss R.A. Brind, 46 Mallard Hill, Bedford MK41 7QS Council (in addition to the above): Dr A. Aldhous MrS. Cham DrP. Hyman DrD. Allen MsJ. Childs Dr P. Madgett MrC. Baker Mr W. Drayton MrP. Soper Honorary Editor (Muntjac): Ms C. Aldridge, 9 Cowper Court, Markyate, Herts AL3 8HR Committees appointed by Council: Finance: Mr]. Burchmore (Sec.), MrD. Anderson, Miss R. Brind, Mrs M. Sheridan, Mr P. Wilkinson, Mr M. Williams. Scientific: Miss R. Brind (Sec.), Mr C. Boon, Dr G. Bellamy, Mr S. Cham, Miss A. Day, DrP. Hyman, MrJ. Knowles, MrD. Kramer, DrB. Nau, MrE. Newman, Mr A. Outen, MrP. Trodd. Development: Mrs A. Adams (Sec.), MrJ. Adams (Chairman), Ms C. Aldridge (Deputy Chairman), Mrs B. Chandler, Mr M. Chandler, Ms]. Childs, Mr A. Dickens, MrsJ. Dickens, Mr P. Soper. Programme: MrJ. Adams, Mr C. Baker, MrD. Green, MrD. Rands, Mrs M. Sheridan. Trustees (appointed under Rule 13): Mr M. Chandler, Mr D. Green, Mrs B. -
Bidirectional Plant‐Mediated Interactions Between Rhizobacteria and Shoot‐Feeding Herbivorous Insects
Ecological Entomology (2020), DOI: 10.1111/een.12966 INVITEDREVIEW Bidirectional plant-mediated interactions between rhizobacteria and shoot-feeding herbivorous insects: a community ecology perspective JULIA FRIMAN,1 ANA PINEDA,2 JOOP J.A. VAN LOON1 , and MARCEL DICKE1 3 1Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands, 2Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands and 3Marcel Dicke, Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands Abstract. 1. Plants interact with various organisms, aboveground as well as below- ground. Such interactions result in changes in plant traits with consequences for mem- bers of the plant-associated community at different trophic levels. Research thus far focussed on interactions of plants with individual species. However, studying such inter- actions in a community context is needed to gain a better understanding. 2. Members of the aboveground insect community induce defences that systemically influence plant interactions with herbivorous as well as carnivorous insects. Plant roots are associated with a community of plant-growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). This PGPR community modulates insect-induced defences of plants. Thus, PGPR and insects interact indirectly via plant-mediated interactions. 3. Such plant-mediated interactions between belowground PGPR and aboveground insects have usually been addressed unidirectionally from belowground to aboveground. Here, we take a bidirectional approach to these cross-compartment plant-mediated interactions. 4. Recent studies show that upon aboveground attack by insect herbivores, plants may recruit rhizobacteria that enhance plant defence against the attackers. This rearranging of the PGPR community in the rhizosphere has consequences for members of the aboveground insect community. -
Taxonomic Redescription of the Species of Sub- Family Chilocorinae
International Journal of Chemical Studies 2018; 6(6): 1465-1469 P-ISSN: 2349–8528 E-ISSN: 2321–4902 IJCS 2018; 6(6): 1465-1469 Taxonomic redescription of the species of sub- © 2018 IJCS Received: 26-09-2018 family Chilocorinae (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) Accepted: 30-10-2018 from Jammu and Kashmir, India Ajaz Ahmad Kundoo Division of Entomology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Ajaz Ahmad Kundoo, Akhtar Ali Khan, Ishtiyaq Ahad, NA Bhat, MA Agricultural Sciences and Chatoo and Khalid Rasool Technology of Kashmir, Wadura Campus, Baramullah, Jammu and Kashmir, India Abstract Ladybugs are diverse group of living organisms. They belong to family Coccinellidae of order Akhtar Ali Khan Coleoptera. The family has been subdivided into six subfamilies: Sticholotidinae, Chilochorinae, Division of Entomology, Scymninae, Coccidulinae, Coccinellinae and Epilachninae. These are universal predators and occupy Sher-e-Kashmir University of important place in biological control. In this paper four species of the subfamily Chilocorinae have been Agricultural Sciences and collected and rediscribed as no taxonomic work has been done on this group in Kashmir, India. This Technology of Kashmir, paper provides a detailed taxonomy of Chilocorus infernalis, Chilocorus rubidus, Pricibrumus Shalimar Campus, Jammu and uropygialis and Platynaspidius saundersi on the basis of advanced taxonomic character that is male Kashmir, India genitalia. Detailed description of adults, male genitalia and taxonomic keys are provided for each species Ishtiyaq Ahad along with color plates. Division of Entomology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Keywords: Chilocorinae, Kashmir, male genitalia, taxonomy, taxonomic keys. Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Wadura Introduction Campus, Baramullah, Jammu Coccinellids are commonly known as ladybird beetles. -
Relative Rooting Depths of Native Grasses and Amenity Grasses With
HORTSCIENCE 45(3):393–400. 2010. [Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L.] was as effec- tive as any of the tree species studied at mechanically stabilizing soil and that switch- Relative Rooting Depths of Native grass was significantly more effective. Beard (1989) reported that bermudagrass [Cynodon Grasses and Amenity Grasses with dactylon (L.) Pers.] was the most deeply rooted of the commonly used turfgrasses with Potential for Use on Roadsides a depth of more than 2.5 m under mowed conditions. Fairway wheatgrass [Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn.] and tall fescue were in New England the most deeply rooted of the cool-season Rebecca Nelson Brown1, Cynthia Percivalle, Sophia Narkiewicz, grasses. In a study of 16 tall fescue cultivars and Samantha DeCuollo and lines, Kim et al. (1999) found that all entries rooted to 60-cm depth, and five entries Department of Plant Sciences, University of Rhode Island, 210 Woodward rooted to 75-cm depth. There was no differ- Hall, Kingston, RI 02881 ence in rooting depth between tall forage types and lower-growing turf or dwarf types Additional index words. Festuca rubra, Sorghastrum nutans, Panicum virgatum, Andropogon when plants were clipped. Sprague (1933) gerardii, Festuca brevipila, Elymus canadensis, Elymus virginicus, Elymus villosus, Elymus found that almost all the roots of kentucky hystrix, Panicum amarum, Pucciniellia distans, Festuca arundinacea, Lolium perenne, Agro- bluegrass and multiple species of bentgrass stis perennans, Schizachyrium scoparium, Deschampsia cespitosa, Muhlenbergia schreberi, (Agrostis spp.) occurred in the top 10 cm of Eragrostis spectabilis, Bouteloua courtipendula, Koeleria macrantha, Sporobolous cryptan- the soil profile, whereas hard fescue had drous, Bromus inermis a more even root distribution and that weekly mowing at lawn height versus annual mow- Abstract. -
Beetles from Sălaj County, Romania (Coleoptera, Excluding Carabidae)
Studia Universitatis “Vasile Goldiş”, Seria Ştiinţele Vieţii Vol. 26 supplement 1, 2016, pp.5- 58 © 2016 Vasile Goldis University Press (www.studiauniversitatis.ro) BEETLES FROM SĂLAJ COUNTY, ROMANIA (COLEOPTERA, EXCLUDING CARABIDAE) Ottó Merkl, Tamás Németh, Attila Podlussány Department of Zoology, Hungarian Natural History Museum ABSTRACT: During a faunistical exploration of Sǎlaj county carried out in 2014 and 2015, 840 beetle species were recorded, including two species of Community interest (Natura 2000 species): Cucujus cinnaberinus (Scopoli, 1763) and Lucanus cervus Linnaeus, 1758. Notes on the distribution of Augyles marmota (Kiesenwetter, 1850) (Heteroceridae), Trichodes punctatus Fischer von Waldheim, 1829 (Cleridae), Laena reitteri Weise, 1877 (Tenebrionidae), Brachysomus ornatus Stierlin, 1892, Lixus cylindrus (Fabricius, 1781) (Curculionidae), Mylacomorphus globus (Seidlitz, 1868) (Curculionidae) are given. Key words: Coleoptera, beetles, Sǎlaj, Romania, Transsylvania, faunistics INTRODUCTION: László Dányi, LF = László Forró, LR = László The beetle fauna of Sǎlaj county is relatively little Ronkay, MT = Mária Tóth, OM = Ottó Merkl, PS = known compared to that of Romania, and even to other Péter Sulyán, VS = Viktória Szőke, ZB = Zsolt Bálint, parts of Transsylvania. Zilahi Kiss (1905) listed ZE = Zoltán Erőss, ZS = Zoltán Soltész, ZV = Zoltán altogether 2,214 data of 1,373 species of 537 genera Vas). The serial numbers in parentheses refer to the list from Sǎlaj county mainly based on his own collections of collecting sites published in this volume by A. and partially on those of Kuthy (1897). Some of his Gubányi. collection sites (e.g. Tasnád or Hadad) no longer The collected specimens were identified by belong to Sǎlaj county. numerous coleopterists. Their names are given under Vasile Goldiş Western University (Arad) and the the names of beetle families.