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Denis Goldberg Der Auftrag Dieses Buch Ist Gewidmet: Denis Goldberg Meinen Comrades Im Kampf Für Die Freiheit in Südafrika Und in Vielen Anderen Ländern

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Denis Goldberg Der Auftrag Dieses Buch Ist Gewidmet: Denis Goldberg Meinen Comrades Im Kampf Für Die Freiheit in Südafrika Und in Vielen Anderen Ländern Denis Goldberg Der Auftrag Dieses Buch ist gewidmet: Denis Goldberg Meinen Comrades im Kampf für die Freiheit in Südafrika und in vielen anderen Ländern. Meinen Eltern Sam und Annie Goldberg. Meiner ersten verstorbenen Frau Esmé, der Genossin und Freundin. Unserer verstorbenen Tochter Hilly und unserem Sohn David. Der Auftrag Meinen reizenden Enkeln Katie, Jane und Jack. Ein Leben für die Freiheit in Südafrika Meiner zweiten verstorbenen Frau Edelgard Nkobi-Goldberg. Hillary (Kuny) Hamburger, die meine Verbindung zum Leben in den Gefängnisjahren war. Übersetzt und bearbeitet von Birgit Morgenrath Assoziation A Fotonachweis: Denis Goldberg Privatarchiv: 20, 21, 23, 27, 39, 58, 63, 78, 99, 115, 116, 117, 143, 190, 192, 195, 198, 217, 239, 240, 242, 246, 255, 259, 261, 266, 268, 270, 295; Hillary Hamburger: Inhalt 130; Tim Jenkin: 82, 155, 156, 163, 165, 167; Thomas Krehwinkel: 108, 118, 163, 276, 283; Hugh Lewin: 124; Liliesleaf Trust: 87; Mayibuye Centre: 32, 48, 52, 68, 69, 71, 75, 79, 87, 88, 95, 99, 107,123, 158, 206, 287; Birgit Morgenrath Privatarchiv: 30, 32, 53, 56, 74, 98, 111, 152, 180, 202, 205, 207, 209, 223, 231, 275; Eric Stattin: 45; Matthew Willman: 10, 130, 286 Vorwort 7 Einleitung: Ein Leben für die Freiheit in Südafrika 11 (Birgit Morgenrath und Tina Jerman) Respekt vor allen Menschen: Kindheit in Kapstadt 1933–1949 19 Einheit in der Aktion: Studium, Jobs, politische Aktivitäten 36 Andimba Toivo ja Toivo: Ein Freund aus »Südwestafrika« 52 Das Gefängnis war auszuhalten: Erste Erfahrung 1960 57 Abenteuer Berufsrevolutionär: Untergrundarbeit in Johannesburg 75 In den Fängen der Polizei: Die Razzia in Liliesleaf 82 Leben ist wunderbar: Der Rivonia-Prozess 96 Emotionale Wüste: Gefängnis 1964–1985 112 Erinnerungen an Bram Fischer: Vorbild, Freund und Comrade 138 Präzision war das Geheimnis: Die Flucht 1979 155 Galgen und Gesänge: 150 Hinrichtungen 171 Kontakt zur Welt: Prozess gegen die Zensur 175 Politischer Testballon: Ausgehandelte Freilassung 179 Leben Nummer sechs: Wiedergeburt am 28. Februar 1985 189 Wieder aktiv: London – Lusaka – Daressalam 200 Daheim in der Fremde: Befreiungsbewegung im Exil 214 Die Welt ist meine Auster: Reisen für den ANC 1985–1994 229 Dieses Buch wurde durch die Ford Foundation und Herzensangelegenheiten: den Evangelischen Entwicklungsdienst EED finanziell gefördert. Liebe, Tod und Community H.E.A.R.T. 253 Back home: Neues Leben in Südafrika 2002–2009 267 © der deutschsprachigen Ausgabe | Berlin/Hamburg 2010 Letzte Gedanken – fürs Erste 280 Assoziation A | Gneisenaustr. 2a | D-10961 Berlin | Tel.: 030 - 69 58 29 71 Epilog: Der Auftrag 287 www.assoziation-a.de | [email protected] | [email protected] ISBN 978-3-935936-90-3 Lektorat: Theo Bruns | Titelgestaltung und Satz: kv, unter Verwendung Zur beiliegenden DVD 294 eines Fotos von Christian Thiel mit freundlicher Genehmigung von InWEnt Comrade Goldberg – Ein Film von Peter Heller 295 Druck: Winddruck Siegen Zeittafel zur südafrikanischen Geschichte 297 Vorwort Nach 22 Jahren Haft als politischer Gefangener und 24 Jahren in Freiheit dachte ich, es sei an der Zeit, über mein Leben im südafrikanischen Be- freiungskampf, im Gefängnis, im Exil, in Freiheit und schließlich wieder zu Hause in Südafrika zu schreiben. Ich habe lange gebraucht, zu mei- ner »Stimme« zu finden, obwohl ich beim mündlichen Erzählen, wenn ich einmal angefangen habe, kaum zu bremsen bin, wie Ihnen meine Freunde bestätigen werden. Ich habe auch gezögert, weil ich mich selbst nicht zu wichtig nehmen wollte. Aber schon lange wollte ich gerne über die Menschen, Orte, Ereignisse und Ideen berichten, die mich geprägt und in ihrem komplexen Zusammenspiel meine Lebensbahn bestimmt haben. Mein Lebensweg begann mit einer glücklichen Kindheit, in der ich ein tiefes Bewusstsein über die Ungleichheiten in meiner Umgebung entwickelte. Ich begriff, was systematische und brutale Diskriminierung, was Krieg und Tod für Millionen von Menschen bedeutete, die seelisch schwer beschädigt wurden, bevor sie das Erwachsenenalter erreicht hat- ten. Ich war umgeben von den Freunden und politischen Weggefährten meiner Eltern, die vor Lust auf das Leben sprühten und zugleich voller Ernst für die Veränderung der Welt, in der sie lebten, kämpften. Glück hat etwas Leichtes und manchmal sogar Leichtfertiges, aber das größte Glück ist der Dienst am Menschen. Das Gewissen kann ein harter Lehr- meister sein! Ich lebte 18 Jahre im britischen Exil, neun Jahre davon arbeitete ich in der ANC-Vertretung in London und ging auf viele Reisen, um für Solida- rität für den Befreiungskampf zu werben, bis 1994 Nelson Mandela zum Präsidenten gewählt wurde und wir im ANC-Büro die Lichter löschten. In den folgenden neun Jahren gründete und leitete ich die Organisation Community H.E.A.R.T. in Britannien und Deutschland, die Projekte im Südlichen Afrika unterstützt. Danach war ich vier Jahre als Berater süd- afrikanischer Minister tätig. Nun habe ich mich seit mehr als zwei Jahren zur Ruhe gesetzt. Bertolt Brecht sagt in seinem Gedicht An die Nachgeborenen, dass es eine Art Verrat sei, die Bäume im Frühling zu beobachten, weil die Hinwendung zur Schönheit eine Ablenkung vom Kampf bedeute. Und er sagt, dass auch der Zorn auf das Unrecht die Stimme heiser mache. Ich stimme ihm zu und habe stets versucht, das zu vermeiden. Wir haben beim ANC mit Künstlern zusammengearbeitet und Kunst und Kultur 7 sogar einen »Schauplatz des Kampfes« genannt. Jetzt habe ich Zeit für ka überreichte, hätte ich diesen Preis zu gerne mit ihr geteilt. Ich bat ihre Schönheit, für Trauer und Wut, ja sogar für Hässlichkeit, wie auch für Cousine Rochelle Keene, mich zu begleiten und Esmé zu vertreten. Ich Humor und die tieferen Einsichten der Künstler. Ich bin nicht verbittert; wünschte, dass auch sie den Preis hätte entgegennehmen können. Bitterkeit frisst einen von innen auf. Aber ich bin manchmal verärgert Auch meine zweite Frau Edelgard hat mir viel Liebe geschenkt und über Machtmissbrauch, die andauernde ungerechte Eigentumsverteilung bescherte mir überdies einen großen Kreis neuer Freunde und intel- und über einen Staat, der die sozialen Menschenrechte verletzt. Dennoch lektueller Weggefährten und lehrte mich Deutsch. Ich habe geliebt und lasse ich mir die Freude über unseren Sieg und die Aussicht auf eine bes- wurde geliebt, seit auch sie gestorben ist. sere Zukunft nicht nehmen. Ich hoffe, Sie werden verstehen, warum ich mich so stark und aus- * * * dauernd im Befreiungskampf gegen die Apartheid eingesetzt habe und warum ich noch heute in Kulturinitiativen in Hout Bay nahe meiner Birgit Morgenrath, die ich aus den Anti-Apartheid-Tagen in Deutschland Heimatstadt Kapstadt engagiert bin. Ich hoffe, dass Sie verstehen wer- kenne, war meine maßgebliche Redakteurin. Sie war eine verständnis- den, warum der Titel des Buches Der Auftraglautet. Zuerst hatte ich dem volle, aber auch strenge Lehrmeisterin. Sie hat meinen englischen Text Buch den Titel Leben! Leben ist wunderbar! geben wollen, meinen Ausruf, ins Deutsche übersetzt und mich gezwungen, der Geschichte eine Struk- als der Richter im Rivonia-Prozess uns nicht zum Tod am Galgen, son- tur zu verleihen. Ohne sie würde es dieses Buch nicht geben. Außerdem dern »nur« zu lebenslänglich verurteilte. Aber dann entschied ich mich ist mir Tina Jerman, die meine zahlreichen Vortragsreisen in Deutsch- für den Titel der Geschichte über meine Comrades Looksmart Ngudle land organisiert hat, eine liebe Freundin geworden. Sie hat mich bei ver- und Chris Hani, die die Befreiung nicht mehr erleben konnten, weil sie schiedener Gelegenheit gedrängt, mein Leben aufzuschreiben, und hat ermordet wurden. Sie bildet den Epilog dieses Buches. die Zusammenarbeit mit Birgit Morgenrath in die Wege geleitet. Tina, Bestimmte Momente in meinem Leben waren Wendepunkte. Eini- danke schön! ge waren sehr dramatisch, andere haben sich anscheinend einfach so Hugh Lewin, ein Comrade aus dem Gefängnis und großer Schrift- zugetragen, sanft und fast genießerisch, wieder andere hatten schwer- steller, hat sich bereit erklärt, die zeitgleich erscheinende englische Buch- wiegende Folgen. Ich glaube, wir alle treffen manchmal Entscheidungen, ausgabe zu bearbeiten. Er kommt natürlich in der einen oder anderen ohne lange nachzudenken, sondern indem wir uns treiben lassen, bis meiner Geschichten vor. Reedwaan Vally, dem Geschäftsführer meines etwas Entscheidendes geschieht. Es ist dann so, als hätte man auf einen südafrikanischen Verlages STE-Publishers, bin ich für seinen Sachver- bestimmten Moment gewartet, von dem man erst in der Rückschau er- stand sehr dankbar. kennt, dass genau er passieren musste. Theo Bruns von Assoziation A, mein deutscher Verleger, hat mich in Manchmal war ich von Aktivität wie besessen, und dann kam diese wunderbarer Weise unterstützt und ich glaube, wir sind Freunde gewor- Periode erzwungener Passivität. Aber vor allem kann ich sagen, dass mir den, obwohl wir uns noch nicht begegnet sind. das wunderbare Schicksal beschieden war, zu lieben und geliebt zu wer- Rolf Schwermer schlug vor, eine Website zu gestalten, und diese Idee den. Und das macht mich sehr glücklich. mündete in eine interaktive DVD, die diesem Buch beiliegt. Rolf hat das Meine erste Frau Esmé schenkte mir ihre Liebe und wir arbeiteten Konzept auf brillante Weise umgesetzt, sodass sich nun Buchdruck und als politische Aktivisten zusammen. Sie hat unsere Kinder aufgezogen, die Möglichkeiten der digitalen Technik ergänzen. während ich im Gefängnis saß. Sie hat mich nach meiner Freilassung Ich danke der Ford Foundation für Zuschüsse
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