DOCSLIB.ORG

The Evil Eye an Account of This Ancient and Widespread Superstition by Frederick Thomas Elworthy

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Evil Eye an Account of This Ancient and Widespread Superstition by Frederick Thomas Elworthy THE EVIL EYE AN ACCOUNT OF THIS ANCIENT AND WIDESPREAD SUPERSTITION BY FREDERICK THOMAS ELWORTHY J. MURRAY; LONDON ORIGINALLY PUBLISHED IN 1895 The Evil Eye By Frederick Thomas Elworthy. This web edition created and published by Global Grey 2013. GLOBAL GREY NOTHING BUT E-BOOKS TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION CHAPTER II. SYMPATHETIC MAGIC CHAPTER III. TOTEMS, PORTENTS, TREE-WORSHIP CHAPTER IV. SYMBOLS AND AMULETS CHAPTER V. THE GORGONEION CHAPTER VI. CRESCENTS, HORNS, HORSESHOES APPENDIX I APPENDIX II CHAPTER VII. TOUCH, HANDS, GESTURES CHAPTER VIII. THE CROSS CHAPTER IX. THE MANO PANTEA CHAPTER X. THE CIMARUTA, SIRENE, TABLETS CHAPTER XI. CABALISTIC WRITING--MAGICAL FORMULÆ CHAPTER XII. SPITTING, INCANTATION, AND OTHER PROTECTIVE ACTS. PIXIES APPENDIX III 1 The Evil Eye By Frederick Thomas Elworthy CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION THERE be none of the affections which have been noted to fascinate or to bewitch, but love and envy; they both have vehement wishes, they frame themselves readily into imaginations and suggestions, and they come easily into the eye, especially upon the presence of the objects which are the points that conduce to fascination, if any such there be. We see likewise the Scripture calleth envy an evil eye." 1 So wrote one of our greatest philosophers, and on the same subject he says: "Of all other affections, it is the most importunate and continual; . therefore it is well said: 'Invidia festos dies non agit,' for it is ever working upon some or other. It is also the vilest affection and the most depraved; for which cause it is the proper attribute of the Devil, who is called 'The envious man that soweth tares amongst the wheat by night.'" As to the word fascination, even in Bacon's time it had acquired its modern sense, implying the influence or effect we now associate with animal magnetism. Notwithstanding this, the word was used by various writers down to the end of the seventeenth century in its original, technical meaning, as an alternative for "evil eye." Nowadays it has practically lost its older sinister sense, and except among scholars has retained only the pleasant one in which Bacon used it. A fascinating person now, is one who charms delightfully, who excites feelings of pleasure, who is in every way attractive. Similarly in our everyday talk the alternate word bewitch has retained only in polite society its pleasant side. A bewitching woman is one who excites the passion of love alone, and the simple use of either synonym conveys now no implication of malevolence to the conventionally educated. The quotation from Bacon with which we started well marks the progress always going on in the development of word-meanings. In the Elizabethan age, to fascinate or bewitch had in literature even then arrived at a double position, applicable to either love or hate; whereas in earlier days these words were wholly confined to maleficence in signification. This of course only applies to literary language and polite society; among the peasantry the Latin form, fascination, is unknown, 1 Bacon, Essay IX. "Of Envy." www.globalgrey.co.uk 2 The Evil Eye By Frederick Thomas Elworthy while everything relating to witch or witching still bears an evil sense only. In proof of all this we have only to compare the modern colloquial significance of the terms fascinating or bewitching, as used in speaking of a person by the educated, with witch, witching, or the west country dialectal "wisht," as used by the peasantry. The belief that there is a power of evil working, which is ejaculated (as Bacon says) upon any object it beholds, has existed in all times and in all countries. It was adopted and sanctioned alike by the Fathers of the Church, by mediæval physicians, and all writers on occult science; while in our own day it still exists among all savage nations, and even here in England in our very midst. Heliodorus 2 makes Charicles say of his host: "I fancy an envious eye has looked upon this man also; he seems to be affected much in the same manner as Chariclea. Indeed I think so too, I replied; and it is probable enough, for he went directly after her in the procession." 3 The origin of the belief is lost in the obscurity of prehistoric ages. The enlightened call it superstition; but it holds its sway over the people of many countries, savage as well as civilised, and must be set down as one of the hereditary and instinctive convictions of mankind. The stories that might be adduced of the constancy of the belief in a blighting power of influencing other persons, and of controlling events injuriously to others, even. in these days of board-school enlightenment are almost infinite. Here, in Somerset, the pig is taken ill and dies--"he was overlooked." A murrain afflicts a farmer's cattle; he goes off secretly to the "white witch," that is the old witch-finder, to ascertain who has "overlooked his things" and to learn the best antidote, "’cause they there farriers can't do no good." A child is ill and pining away; the mother loses all heart; she is sure the child is overlooked and "is safe to die." Often she gives up not only hope but all effort to save the child; the consequent neglect of course hastens the expected result, and then it is: "Oh! I know'd very well he 2 Theagenes and Chariclea (Trans. 1789), vol. i. p. 145. Heliodorus, Bishop of Tricca in Thessaly, about A.D. 380, was a very firm believer in the evil eye, and frequently refers to it in his works, no doubt faithfully reflecting the opinions of his day. 3 See an article on the "Evil Eye" in Chambers's Encyclopædia. For numerous quotations on the subject see New Eng. Dict. s. v. "Evil Eye." www.globalgrey.co.uk 3 The Evil Eye By Frederick Thomas Elworthy would'n never get no better. "’Tidn no good vor to strive vor to go agin it." This is no fancy, or isolated case, but here in the last decade of the nineteenth century one of the commonest of everyday facts. The author of the pious graffito (still in situ):-- Things seen is Intempural, Things not seen is Inturnel, referred to in the West Somerset Word-Book, p. ix, is a man far above the average in intelligence. He lodged where the daughter of the family had some obscure malady. She became a patient at the County Hospital, but only grew worse. In this case the mother does not at first seem to have believed in occult influence, but went about and spread a report that "they'd a-starved her maid, into thick there hospital"! At the same time the writer ascertained that the girl had been all the while receiving extra nourishment. She was removed, and of course grew worse. On speaking to the lodger about the starvation theory, he said: "Oh! I knows 'twaddn that." "What do you think it was?" "Oh! I knows." After many times declaring "I knows," he at last said: "Her was overlooked--her was; and I knows very well who don'd it." After much persuasion he mentioned the name of a poor ignorant old woman, who certainly did not bear the best of characters. The whole family devoutly believed that the girl's death, which happened very soon, was brought about by this old woman. No doubt a century or two ago she would have been burnt as a witch. 4 Several cases of precisely the same kind are well known to the writer and his family--especially relating to children. Visits have been often paid to the sick children of persons whose names might be given, where "’tis very wisht vor to zee the poor chiel a-pinin away like that there." Not much is said to strangers, but those who know are perfectly aware of what the mother means. Beshrew your eyes, They have o'erlook'd me and divided me; One half of me is yours, the other half yours. Merchant of Venice, Act iii. Sc. 2. 4 A long account of a prosecution of a white witch, who pretended that a woman was ill of a "bad wish" in a case much like the foregoing, is given in Pulman's Weekly News, June 14, 1892. Similar reports are frequently appearing in the local press. At this moment (October 1894) two persons are dying in Wellington parish (one of phthisis!) who firmly believe, and are believed, to be suffering solely from having been "overlooked." www.globalgrey.co.uk 4 The Evil Eye By Frederick Thomas Elworthy The imputation by St. Paul, that the foolish Galatians 5 had been spellbound, meant that some evil eye had "overlooked" them and worked in them a blighting influence. It was an apt allusion to the then, and still, universally prevalent belief in that power of "dread fascination" which the writer of the Epistle6 so well knew they would comprehend, and he therefore used it as a striking metaphor. Abundant testimony exists in the oldest monuments in the world that among the ancient Egyptians belief in and dread of the evil eye were ever present; their efforts to avert or to baffle it, both as regarded the living and the dead, who they knew would live again, were perhaps the most constant and elaborate of any, of which we can now decipher the traces. We see evidence of this in the very beginning of Egyptian mythology. Ptah, the Opener,7 is said to be the father of the gods and of men.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Types of Divination
    Types of Divination ASTROLOGY is divination using celestial bodies: the sun, moon, planets, and stars. CARTOMANCY is fortune telling using cards such as the Tarot. CLAIRAUDIENCE is "clear hearing" of divinatory information. Parapsychologist generally regard as a form of extrasensory perception. CLAIRVOYANCE is "clear seeing" of divinatory information. Parapsychologist generally regard as a form of extrasensory perception. CRYSTALLOMANCY is divination through crystal gazing. DOWSING or DIVINING RODS are methods of divination where a forked stick is used to locate water or precious minerals. NUMEROLOGY is the numerical interpretation of numbers, dates, and the number value of letters. OCULOMANCY is divination from a person's eye. PALMISTRY is the broad field of divination and interpretation of the lines and structure of the hand. PRECOGNITION in an inner knowledge or sense of future events. PSYCHOMETRY is the faculty of gaining impressions from a physical object and its history. SCIOMANCY is divination using a spirit guide, a method generally employed by channelers. SCRYING is a general term for divination using a crystal, mirrors, bowls of water, ink, or flames to induce visions. TASSEOGRAPHY is the reading of tea leaves that remain in a tea cup once the beverage has been drunk. AEROMANCY divination from the air and sky, particularly concentrating on cloud shapes, comets, and other phenomena not normally visible in the heavens. ALECTRYOMANCY is divination whereby a bird is allowed to pick corn grains from a circle of letters. A variation is to recite letters of the alphabet noting those at which a cock crows. ALEUROMANCY is divination using "fortune cookies"; answers to questions are rolled into balls of dough and once baked are chosen at random.
    [Show full text]
  • Evil Eye Belief in Turkish Culture: Myth of Evil Eye Bead
    The Turkish Online Journal of Design, Art and Communication - TOJDAC April 2016 Volume 6 Issue 2 EVIL EYE BELIEF IN TURKISH CULTURE: MYTH OF EVIL EYE BEAD Bilgen TUNCER MANZAKOĞLU [email protected] Saliha TÜRKMENOĞLU BERKAN Doğuş University, Industrial Product Design Department [email protected] ABSTRACT Evil eye belief is found in many parts of the world and it plays a major social role in a large number of cultural contexts. The history of evil eye bead usage dated back to ancient times, but upon time it’s meaning have been re-constructed by culture. This paper focused on an amulet based commodity “evil eye bead” used against evil eye and for ornament in Turkey. In order to analyze the myth of evil eye bead, two-sectioned survey was conducted. First section determined evil eye belief rate, participant profile and objects against evil eye. In the second section, the semantic dimensions of evil eye bead was analyzed in the myth level encompassing its perception and function as a cultural opponent act. This paper interrogated the role of culture, geography, and history on the evil eye bead myth. Keywords: Evil Eye Bead, Culture, Myth, Semiology. TÜRK KÜLTÜRÜNDE NAZAR İNANCI: NAZAR BONCUĞU MİTİ ÖZ Nazar inancı dünyanın bir çok bölgesinde bulunmakta ve kültürel bağlamda önemli bir sosyal rol üstlenmektedir.Nazar boncuğunun kullanımı antik zamanlara dayanmakla birlikte, taşıdığı anlam zaman içerisinde kültür ile birlikte yeniden inşa edilmiştir. Türkiye’de hem süs eşyası hem de kem göze karşı kullanılan nazar boncuğu bu makalenin ana konusudur. Nazar boncuğu mitini analiz etmek için iki aşamalı anket çalışması yürütülmüştür.
    [Show full text]
  • A Re-Examination of the Omamori Phenomenon
    The Hilltop Review Volume 7 Issue 2 Spring Article 19 April 2015 Ancient Magic and Modern Accessories: A Re-Examination of the Omamori Phenomenon Eric Mendes Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/hilltopreview Recommended Citation Mendes, Eric (2015) "Ancient Magic and Modern Accessories: A Re-Examination of the Omamori Phenomenon," The Hilltop Review: Vol. 7 : Iss. 2 , Article 19. Available at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/hilltopreview/vol7/iss2/19 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Hilltop Review by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact wmu- [email protected]. 152 Ancient Magic and Modern Accessories: A Re-Examination of the Omamori Phenomenon Runner-Up, 2013 Graduate Humanities Conference By Eric Teixeira Mendes Fireworks exploded, newspapers rushed “Extra!” editions into print and Japanese exchanged “Banzai!” cheers at news of Japan`s crown princess giving birth to a girl after more than eight years of marriage… In a forestate of the special life that awaits the baby, a purple sash and an imperial samurai sword were bestowed on the 6.8 pound girl just a few hours after her birth - - along with a sacred amulet said to ward off evil spirits. The girl will be named in a ceremony Friday, after experts are consulted on a proper name for the child. (Zielenziger) This quote, which ran on December 2, 2001, in an article from the Orlando Sentinel, describes the birth of one of Japan`s most recent princesses.
    [Show full text]
  • Silhouette194800agne R 9/ C
    m/ <": : .( ^ } ''^e ^-Pt^i ^ . i.,-4 ^i Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2010 with funding from Lyrasis IVIembers and Sloan Foundation http://www.archive.org/details/silhouette194800agne r 9/ c The 1948 Silhouette is published by the students of Agnes Scott College, Decattir, Oeorgia. under the direction of Margaret "S'ancey. editor, and Jean da Siha, business manager. PRESSER HALL ^L 1948 SILHOUETTE aiieae .==rJ^eJiica Uan To MISS M. KATHRYN CLICK. tvlw encourages its to claim for our own the inner resources of beauty and trutli in our heritage of liberal 'educatioii, we dedicate THE 1948 SILHOUETTE. 65916 THE nGHES SCOTT IDERLS LIUE RS UlE SEEK... high intellectual attainment , prtv 3r\7^ CTJ hHk W^^m^^ \m nil mm^^^m . sinnple religious faith physical well being . service that reflects a sane attitude toward other people. A moment of relaxation be- tween classes brings many to the bookstore. Buttrick Hall, center of most academic activity. Sometimes you find a cut. The favorite place for organ- ization meetings and social functions is Murphey Candler building. Dr. von Schuschnigg drew a throng of listeners at the reception after his lecture. Murphey Candler is the scene of popcorn feasts as well as receptions. In Presser we find the stimulation of music and play practice as well as the serenity of beloved chapel programs. The newest Agnes Scott daughters fast be- come part of us in such traditional events as the C.A. picnic on the little quad. \ w^ r ;^i Prelude -to a festive evening —signing away s. B 1 the vital statistics at the hostess's desk in Main.
    [Show full text]
  • Eclectic Antiquity Catalog
    Eclectic Antiquity the Classical Collection of the Snite Museum of Art Compiled and edited by Robin F. Rhodes Eclectic Antiquity the Classical Collection of the Snite Museum of Art Compiled and edited by Robin F. Rhodes © University of Notre Dame, 2010. All Rights Reserved ISBN 978-0-9753984-2-5 Table of Contents Introduction..................................................................................................................................... 1 Geometric Horse Figurine ............................................................................................................. 5 Horse Bit with Sphinx Cheek Plates.............................................................................................. 11 Cup-skyphos with Women Harvesting Fruit.................................................................................. 17 Terracotta Lekythos....................................................................................................................... 23 Marble Lekythos Gravemarker Depicting “Leave Taking” ......................................................... 29 South Daunian Funnel Krater....................................................................................................... 35 Female Figurines.......................................................................................................................... 41 Hooded Male Portrait................................................................................................................... 47 Small Female Head......................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Nifty Wars Agri in Titr Ffiattry
    Nifty Wars Agri in titr ffiattry Fifty years ago in the Fancy is researched by Dorothy Mason, from her col- lection of early out of print literature. SUPERSTITION AND WITCHCRAFT A very remarkable peculiarity of the domestic cat, and possibly one that has had much to do with the ill favour with which it has been regarded, especially in the Middle Ages, is the extraordinary property which its fur possesses of yielding electric sparks when hand-rubbed or by other friction, the black in a larger degree than any other colour, even the rapid motion of a fast retreating cat through rough, tangled underwood having been known to produce a luminous effect. In frosty weather it is the more noticeable, the coldness of the weather apparently giving intensity and brilliancy, which to the ignorant would certainly be attributed to the interfer- ence of the spiritual or superhuman. To sensitive natures and nervous temperaments the very contact with the fur of a black cat will often produce a startling thrill or absolutely electric shock. That carefully observant naturalist, Gilbert White, speaking of the frost of 1785, notes ; "During those two Siberian days my parlour cat was so elec- tric, that had a person stroked her and not been properly insulated, the shock might have been given to a whole circle of people." Possibly from this lively, fiery, sparkling tendency, combined with its noiseless motion and stealthy habits, our ancesters were led in the happily bygone superstitious days to regard the unconscious animal as a "familiar" of Satan or some other evil spirit, which generally appeared in the form of a black cat; hence witches were said to have a black cat as their "familiar," or could at will change themselves into the form of a black cat with eyes of fire.
    [Show full text]
  • 'A Great Or Notorious Liar': Katherine Harrison and Her Neighbours
    ‘A Great or Notorious Liar’: Katherine Harrison and her Neighbours, Wethersfield, Connecticut, 1668 – 1670 Liam Connell (University of Melbourne) Abstract: Katherine Harrison could not have personally known anyone as feared and hated in their own home town as she was in Wethersfield. This article aims to explain how and why this was so. Although documentation is scarce for many witch trials, there are some for which much crucial information has survived, and we can reconstruct reasonably detailed accounts of what went on. The trial of Katherine Harrison of Wethersfield, Connecticut, at the end of the 1660s is one such case. An array of factors coalesced at the right time in Wethersfield for Katherine to be accused. Her self-proclaimed magical abilities, her socio- economic background, and most of all, the inter-personal and legal conflicts that she sustained with her neighbours all combined to propel this woman into a very public discussion about witchcraft in 1668-1670. The trial of Katherine Harrison was a vital moment in the development of the legal and theological responses to witchcraft in colonial New England. The outcome was the result of a lengthy process jointly negotiated between legal and religious authorities. This was the earliest documented case in which New England magistrates trying witchcraft sought and received explicit instruction from Puritan ministers on the validity of spectral evidence and the interface between folk magic and witchcraft – implications that still resonated at the more recognised Salem witch trials almost twenty-five years later. The case also reveals the social dynamics that caused much ambiguity and confusion in this early modern village about an acceptable use of the occult.
    [Show full text]
  • The Luck Factor: the Scientific Study of the Lucky Mind Pdf, Epub, Ebook
    THE LUCK FACTOR: THE SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF THE LUCKY MIND PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Professor Richard Wiseman | 240 pages | 09 Feb 2004 | Cornerstone | 9780099443247 | English | London, United Kingdom The Luck Factor: The Scientific Study of the Lucky Mind PDF Book Retrieved 12 June Richard Wiseman in collaboration with Dr. And can we improve our fortunes? Beliefs around luck: Confirming the empirical conceptualization of beliefs around luck and the development of the Darke and Freedman Beliefs Around Luck scale. Conscious and non- conscious components of superstitious beliefs in judgment and decision making. Principle One: Maximise Chance Opportunities. Some people intentionally put themselves in situations that increase the chances of a serendipitous encounter, such as socializing with people who work in different fields. To have luck or bad luck in our lives, depends for a large extent on ourselves. Many superstitions are related to luck, though these are often specific to a given culture or set of related cultures, and sometimes contradictory. You must be logged in to post a comment. The Luck Project was originally conceived to scientifically explore psychological differences between people who considered themselves exceptionally lucky and unlucky. In another experiment, Richard would tell participants to imagine a scenario in which a bank robber shoots them in the arm. Marketing and other discussions regarding lotteries often mention luck. Harvey, W. Measuring superstitious belief: Why lucky charms matter. Main content. And luck also influences an unplanned event across your life. Okay, thanks. Peter Harris. The belief in good luck scale. You must enable JavaScript to play content. Fortuna , the Roman goddess of fate or luck, was popular an allegory in medieval times, and even though it was not strictly reconcilable with Christian theology, it became popular in learned circles of the High Middle Ages to portray her as a servant of God in distributing success or failure in a characteristically "fickle" or unpredictable way, thus introducing the notion of chance.
    [Show full text]
  • PURELY LINGUISTIC TABOO/GOOD LUCK LANGUAGE and ITS IMPACT on BEHAVIORS in CHINA by Suying Yang
    PURELY LINGUISTIC TABOO/GOOD LUCK LANGUAGE AND ITS IMPACT ON BEHAVIORS IN CHINA by Suying Yang In recent decades, increased attention has been given to taboo phenomena and the study of taboo language has been considered as 'central to any full understanding of linguistic beliefs and linguistic behavior' (Bolton and Hutton 1995:163). However, the fact that semantically neutral words/expressions may become taboo/good luck language for purely linguistic reasons, such as the associative processes of linking a word with its homophone or with its antonym, has not received due attention so far. In this study, we examined, from both the social and linguistic perspectives, linguistically derived or purely linguistic taboo/good luck words/expressions collected from different sources. The social perspective reveals that our data fall into seven categories of life, including 'poverty-prosperity'; 'bad luck/good luck'; 'infertility/fertility'; 'conflict /harmony'; 'demotion/promotion'; 'death/longevity'; and 'good personal qualities', reflecting to a great extent the biggest concerns/fears of the general public in present China. The linguistic examination shows that most purely linguistic taboo/good luck words/expressions are absolute homophones of their corresponding factual taboo/good luck words/expressions. However, associations also take place between near homophones, when certain conditions are met. 1. Introduction In Chinese culture, many semantically neutral words/expressions1 may become taboo or good luck language merely because they are associated with some factual taboo/good luck words/expressions for purely linguistic reasons. These linguistically derived (purely linguistic) taboo/good luck words/expressions will then influence social behaviors. A real life story may serve as an illustration of this phenomenon.
    [Show full text]
  • THAI CHARMS and AMULETS by Q>Hya Anuman Cflajadhon Acting President, Royal Lnstitztte
    THAI CHARMS AND AMULETS by q>hya Anuman Cflajadhon Acting President, Royal lnstitztte Tbe belief in and use of charms and amulets as magical protec­ tion against dangers and misfortunes, and also to bring love, luck and power is a world-wide one. It is not confined to primitive races on! y, but also to be found among modern peoples of every nation and faith. In fact "the thought and practice of civilized peoples can not be cut off as with a knife from the underlying customs and beliefs which have played a determining part in shaping the resulting products, however much subsequent knowledge and ethical evaluation may have modified and transformed the earlier notions". 1 For this reason, every faith and religion has in one form or another certain cui ts and formulas, as inherited from the dim past and handed down from generation to generation, from the old belief of magic and superstition, which are paradoxically contrary to the real teaching of the religion's founder. This is inevitable; for the mass of humanity that forms the woof and warp of the woven fabric of faith of the great religions, is composed of many levels of culture. A.B. Griswold says in his "Doctrines and Reminders of Theravada Buddhism" that "within the Theravada there are two very different sorts of Buddhist­ rationalists and pious believers."2 This may be applied equally to other religions: there are always implicitly two sorts of believers within the same religion, the intellectuals and the pious people. It is with the latter that one can :find abundant phenomena of charms and amulets in belief and practice.
    [Show full text]
  • Magic in Private and Public Lives of the Ancient Romans
    COLLECTANEA PHILOLOGICA XXIII, 2020: 53–72 http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1733-0319.23.04 Idaliana KACZOR Uniwersytet Łódzki MAGIC IN PRIVATE AND PUBLIC LIVES OF THE ANCIENT ROMANS The Romans practiced magic in their private and public life. Besides magical practices against the property and lives of people, the Romans also used generally known and used protective and healing magic. Sometimes magical practices were used in official religious ceremonies for the safety of the civil and sacral community of the Romans. Keywords: ancient magic practice, homeopathic magic, black magic, ancient Roman religion, Roman religious festivals MAGIE IM PRIVATEN UND ÖFFENTLICHEN LEBEN DER ALTEN RÖMER Die Römer praktizierten Magie in ihrem privaten und öffentlichen Leben. Neben magische Praktik- en gegen das Eigentum und das Leben von Menschen, verwendeten die Römer auch allgemein bekannte und verwendete Schutz- und Heilmagie. Manchmal wurden magische Praktiken in offiziellen religiösen Zeremonien zur Sicherheit der bürgerlichen und sakralen Gemeinschaft der Römer angewendet. Schlüsselwörter: alte magische Praxis, homöopathische Magie, schwarze Magie, alte römi- sche Religion, Römische religiöse Feste Magic, despite our sustained efforts at defining this term, remains a slippery and obscure concept. It is uncertain how magic has been understood and practised in differ- ent cultural contexts and what the difference is (if any) between magical and religious praxis. Similarly, no satisfactory and all-encompassing definition of ‘magic’ exists. It appears that no singular concept of ‘magic’ has ever existed: instead, this polyvalent notion emerged at the crossroads of local custom, religious praxis, superstition, and politics of the day. Individual scholars of magic, positioning themselves as ostensi- bly objective observers (an etic perspective), mostly defined magic in opposition to religion and overemphasised intercultural parallels over differences1.
    [Show full text]
  • {Download PDF} Crystal Divination for Todays Woman Kindle
    CRYSTAL DIVINATION FOR TODAYS WOMAN PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Cassandra Eason | 160 pages | 01 Oct 1994 | W Foulsham & Co Ltd | 9780572019983 | English | Berkshire, United Kingdom Crystal Divination for Todays Woman PDF Book Rating details. Ephesians instruct what we must do concerning evil in any form. You must have JavaScript enabled in your browser to utilize the functionality of this website. A cinematic poem and an ode to water: its rhythms,…. There are excellent sources to learn Lithomancy. In fact, the main theme repeatedly emphasized by Ms. Escape the Present with These 24 Historical Romances. Divination Crystals. Five stones were selected at random from a bag holding 12 stones all of different colors. Perhaps you yourself are considering different types of divination methods to use in your magical practice. Podomancy: Divination through interpretation of feet. Stones representing the different houses of the zodiac are cast and the influences of the houses on the person is read from the results. Wander around in the reflections or the interior and allow your mind to find triggers and patterns that pertain to the question at hand. Timothy D. A genuinely original book on women's self-development! Tea is mixed around in a cup before being flipped upside down on a saucer. The Moon and her energies are a mysterious, powerful force in our lives. One of the shortest, most profound, and beautiful of Buddhist texts speaks of the difference…. The Heart Sutra: What we perceive is not what is One of the shortest, most profound, and beautiful of Buddhist texts speaks of the difference….
    [Show full text]