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Pest Risk Categorization – New Plant Health Regulations for Norway VKM Report 2021: 09 Pest risk categorization – New plant health regulations for Norway Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Plant Health of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment VKM Report 2021: 09 Pest risk categorization – New plant health regulations for Norway Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Plant Health of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment 14.06.2021 ISBN: 978-82-8259-363-2 ISSN: 2535-4019 Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment (VKM) Postboks 222 Skøyen 0213 Oslo Norway Phone: +47 21 62 28 00 Email: [email protected] vkm.no Cover photo: All pictures from EPPO Global Database (EPPO 2021) Suggested citation: VKM, Paal Krokene, Bjørn Arild Hatteland, Christer Magnusson, Daniel Flø, Iben M. Thomsen, Johan A. Stenberg, May Bente Brurberg, Micael Wendell, Mogens Nicolaisen, Simeon Rossmann, Venche Talgø, Beatrix Alsanius, Sandra A.I. Wright, Trond Rafoss (2021). Pest risk categorization – New plant health regulations for Norway. Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Plant Health. VKM Report 2021:09, ISBN: 978-82-8259-363-2, ISSN: 2535-4019. Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment (VKM), Oslo, Norway. VKM Report 2021: 09 Preparation of the opinion The Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment (Vitenskapskomiteen for mat og miljø, VKM) appointed a project group to draft the opinion. The project group consisted of five VKM committee members, two VKM staff members and four external experts. Two referees commented on and reviewed the draft opinion. The VKM Panel on Plant Health evaluated and approved the final opinion. Authors of the opinion The authors have contributed to the opinion in a way that fulfills the authorship principles of VKM (VKM, 2019). The principles reflect the collaborative nature of the work, and the authors have contributed as members of the project group and/or the VKM Panel on Plant Health. Members of the project group (in alphabetical order after chair of the project group) Paal Krokene – Chair of the project group and member of the Panel on Plant Health in VKM. Affiliation: Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, 2) Norwegian University of Life Sciences. Bjørn Arild Hatteland - Affiliation: 1) Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, 2) University of Bergen. Christer Magnusson – Member of the Panel on Plant Health in VKM. Affiliation: 1) Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, 2) Norwegian University of Life Sciences. Daniel Flø - Project Manager. Affiliation: VKM. Iben M. Thomsen – Member of the Panel on Plant Health in VKM. Affiliation: University of Copenhagen. Johan A. Stenberg - Member of the Panel on Plant Health in VKM. Affiliation: The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. May Bente Brurberg - Affiliation: 1) Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, 2) Norwegian University of Life Sciences. Micael Wendell – Project Manager. Affiliation: VKM. Mogens Nicolaisen – Member of the Panel on Plant Health in VKM. Affiliation: Aarhus University. Simeon Rossmann - Affiliation: Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research. Venche Talgø - Affiliation: Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research. VKM Report 2021: 09 Members of the Panel on Plant Health (in alphabetical order before the chair of the Panel) Beatrix Alsanius – Affiliation: The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. Sandra A.I. Wright – Affiliation: University of Gävle. Trond Rafoss – Chair of the Panel on Plant Health in VKM. Affiliation: 1) VKM; 2) University of Agder. Acknowledgement VKM would like to thank Johanne Longva, Linn Benjaminsen Hølvold, and Beate Fønhus at the University library of the Norwegian University of Life Sciences for their work on systematic literature searches. VKM would like to thank Tove Ladstein (Norsk gartnerforbund) for data and valuable information on greenhouse plant production in Norway and Juha Tuomola and Salla Hannunen (Finnish Food Authority) for valuable information on the use of FinnPRIO. VKM would also like to thank the referees Juha Tuomola (Finnish Food Authority) and Leif Sundheim (Emeritus) for their critical review of and valuable comments to the draft opinion. VKM emphasizes that the referees are not responsible for the content of the final opinion. In accordance with VKM’s routines for approval of risk assessments (VKM, 2018), VKM received the referee comments before evaluation and approval of the opinion by the VKM Panel on Plant Health, and before the opinion was finalized for publication. Competence of VKM experts Persons working for VKM, either as appointed members of the Committees or as external experts, do this by virtue of their scientific expertise, not as representatives for their employers or third-party interests. The Civil Services Act instructions on legal competence apply for all work prepared by VKM. VKM Report 2021: 09 Table of contents Pest risk categorization – New plant health regulations for Norway ...................... 1 Preparation of the opinion ......................................................................................... 3 Authors of the opinion ................................................................................................ 3 Acknowledgement ...................................................................................................... 4 Competence of VKM experts ...................................................................................... 4 Table of contents .................................................................................................... 5 Summary ................................................................................................................ 7 Sammendrag på norsk ........................................................................................... 8 Abbreviations and glossary .................................................................................... 9 Background as provided by the Norwegian Food Safety Authority ...................... 10 Terms of reference as provided by the Norwegian Food Safety Authority ........... 11 1 Methodology and Data ................................................................................. 12 1.1 Method ............................................................................................................... 12 The FinnPRIO model .................................................................................... 12 1.2 Literature search and selection .............................................................................. 13 1.3 Background data .................................................................................................. 14 List of the assessed pests with their known host plant species according to the EPPO global database........................................................................................... 14 Production value of vegetables, fruits and berries ........................................... 20 Production value of horticultural crops ........................................................... 21 Production value of Scots pine ...................................................................... 21 2 Categorization results .................................................................................. 22 2.1 FinnPRIO results .................................................................................................. 22 3 Uncertainties ................................................................................................ 26 4 Conclusion to the pest risk categorization (with answers to the terms of reference) .................................................................................................... 27 4.1 Species assessed as potential quarantine pests (QP) for Norway .............................. 27 Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (CORBMI).............................. 27 Potato leafroll virus (European isolates) (PLRV00) .......................................... 28 Potato Spindle Tuber Viroid (PSTVD0) ........................................................... 29 Monilinia fructicola (MONIFC) ....................................................................... 30 Ophiostoma wageneri (LEPGWA) .................................................................. 31 Dickeya dianthicola (ERWICD) ...................................................................... 31 VKM Report 2021: 09 Chaetosiphon fragaefolii (CHTSFR) ................................................................ 32 Melampsora medusae (MELMME) .................................................................. 33 Candidatus phytoplasma pruni (PHYPPN) ....................................................... 34 Candidatus Phytoplasma solani (PHYPSO) .................................................... 35 Alternaria mali (ALTEMA ) ........................................................................... 36 Cacoecimorpha pronubana (TORTPR) .......................................................... 37 Spodoptera littoralis (SPODLI) .................................................................... 38 Paraburkholderia caryophylli (PSDMCA) ....................................................... 39 Comstockaspis perniciosa (QUADPE) ........................................................... 40 Xanthomonas vesicatoria (XANTVE)............................................................. 42 Erwinia chrysanthemi pv. chrysanthemi (DICKCC) ........................................ 43 Phialophora cinerescens (PHIACI ) .............................................................. 44
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