The Aphids of British Columbia (Forbes
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Strawberry Vein Banding Caulimovirus
EPPO quarantine pest Prepared by CABI and EPPO for the EU under Contract 90/399003 Data Sheets on Quarantine Pests Strawberry vein banding caulimovirus IDENTITY Name: Strawberry vein banding caulimovirus Taxonomic position: Viruses: Caulimovirus Common names: SVBV (acronym) Veinbanding of strawberry (English) Adernmosaik der Erdbeere (German) Notes on taxonomy and nomenclature: Strains of this virus that have been identified include: strawberry yellow veinbanding virus, strawberry necrosis virus (Schöninger), strawberry chiloensis veinbanding virus, strawberry eastern veinbanding virus. In North America, most strains found on the west coast are more severe than those found along the east coast. EPPO computer code: SYVBXX EPPO A2 list: No. 101 EU Annex designation: I/A1 HOSTS The virus is known to occur only on Fragaria spp. The main host is Fragaria vesca (wild strawberry). Commercial strawberries may also be infected, but diagnostic symptoms are usually only apparent when strawberry latent C 'rhabdovirus' is present simultaneously (EPPO/CABI, 1996). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION EPPO region: Locally established in Czech Republic, Hungary, Ireland and Russia (European); unconfirmed reports from Germany, Italy, Slovakia, Slovenia, Yugoslavia. Asia: China, Japan, Russia (Far East). North America: Canada (British Columbia, Ontario), USA (found in two distinct zones, one along the east coast including Arkansas, the other on the west coast (California)). South America: Brazil (São Paulo), Chile. Oceania: Australia (New South Wales, Tasmania). EU: Present. For further information, see also Miller & Frazier (1970). BIOLOGY The following aphids are cited as vectors: Acyrthosiphon pelargonii, Amphorophora rubi, Aphis idaei, A. rubifolii, Aulacorthum solani, Chaetosiphon fragaefolii, C. jacobi, C. tetrarhodum, C. thomasi, Macrosiphum rosae, Myzus ascalonicus, M. -
Aphids (Hemiptera, Aphididae)
A peer-reviewed open-access journal BioRisk 4(1): 435–474 (2010) Aphids (Hemiptera, Aphididae). Chapter 9.2 435 doi: 10.3897/biorisk.4.57 RESEARCH ARTICLE BioRisk www.pensoftonline.net/biorisk Aphids (Hemiptera, Aphididae) Chapter 9.2 Armelle Cœur d’acier1, Nicolas Pérez Hidalgo2, Olivera Petrović-Obradović3 1 INRA, UMR CBGP (INRA / IRD / Cirad / Montpellier SupAgro), Campus International de Baillarguet, CS 30016, F-34988 Montferrier-sur-Lez, France 2 Universidad de León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad de León, 24071 – León, Spain 3 University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Nemanjina 6, SER-11000, Belgrade, Serbia Corresponding authors: Armelle Cœur d’acier ([email protected]), Nicolas Pérez Hidalgo (nperh@unile- on.es), Olivera Petrović-Obradović ([email protected]) Academic editor: David Roy | Received 1 March 2010 | Accepted 24 May 2010 | Published 6 July 2010 Citation: Cœur d’acier A (2010) Aphids (Hemiptera, Aphididae). Chapter 9.2. In: Roques A et al. (Eds) Alien terrestrial arthropods of Europe. BioRisk 4(1): 435–474. doi: 10.3897/biorisk.4.57 Abstract Our study aimed at providing a comprehensive list of Aphididae alien to Europe. A total of 98 species originating from other continents have established so far in Europe, to which we add 4 cosmopolitan spe- cies of uncertain origin (cryptogenic). Th e 102 alien species of Aphididae established in Europe belong to 12 diff erent subfamilies, fi ve of them contributing by more than 5 species to the alien fauna. Most alien aphids originate from temperate regions of the world. Th ere was no signifi cant variation in the geographic origin of the alien aphids over time. -
Data Requirements for the Authorisation of a New
European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization Organisation Européenne et Méditerranéenne pour la Protection des Plantes 14/19647 Examples of zonal efficacy evaluation Clarification of efficacy data requirements for the authorization of an insecticide against aphids, thrips and whiteflies in ornamental plants in greenhouses in the EU Proposed by Claudia Jilesen, National Plant Protection Organization, the Netherlands, February 2014 This document is intended to assist applicants and evaluators to interpret EPPO Standard PP 1/278 Principles of zonal data production and evaluation. Expert judgement should be applied in all cases. The focus of this paper is in particular on the number and location of trials for the justification of effectiveness, phytotoxicity and resistance issues. There is a need to provide clarification of these areas as part of the zonal authorization process for plant protection products (as defined in EU Regulation 1107/2009 (EC, 2009). Regulation EC 1107/2009 specifies that the assessment of plant protection products should be conducted on a zonal basis. Article 33 of EC 1107/2009 considers that in the case of an application for use in greenhouses, only one Member State evaluates the application, taking account of all zones. All trials should be carried out under Good Experimental Practice (GEP) and using all relevant general EPPO Standards. Efficacy trials should be performed according to relevant EPPO Standards PP 1/23 Aphids on ornamental plants, PP 1/160 Thrips on glasshouse crops and 1/36 Whiteflies (Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Bemisia tabaci) on protected crops (available at http://pp1.eppo.int/). The most common and harmful sucking insects in ornamental plants are aphids, thrips and whiteflies and this example applies only to them. -
Comparison of Gene Repertoires and Patterns of Evolutionary Rates in Eight Aphid Species That Differ by Reproductive Mode
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE GBEprovided by PubMed Central Comparison of Gene Repertoires and Patterns of Evolutionary Rates in Eight Aphid Species That Differ by Reproductive Mode M. Ollivier1,4, T. Gabaldo´ n2, J. Poulain3, F. Gavory3, N. Leterme1, J.-P. Gauthier1, F. Legeai1, D. Tagu1, J. C. Simon1, and C. Rispe1,* 1INRA Rennes UMR BIO3P, Domaine de la Motte, Le Rheu, France 2Bioinformatics and Genomics Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain 3Genoscope and CNRS UMR 8030, Centre National de Se´ quencxage, Evry, France 4Present address: Institut de Ge´ nomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Universite´ Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, Ecole Normale Supe´ rieure de Lyon, Lyon, France. *Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected]. Accepted: 23 December 2011 Abstract In theory, the loss of sexual reproduction is expected to result in the accumulation of deleterious mutations. In aphids, two main types of life cycle, cyclic and obligate parthenogenesis, represent respectively ‘‘sexual’’ and ‘‘asexual’’ reproductive modes. We used the complete pea aphid genome and previously published expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from two other aphid species. In addition, we obtained 100,000 new ESTs from five more species. The final set comprised four sexual and four asexual aphid species and served to test the influence of the reproductive mode on the evolutionary rates of genes. We reconstructed coding sequences from ESTs and annotated these genes, discovering a novel peptide gene family that appears to be among the most highly expressed transcripts from several aphid species. From 203 genes found to be 1:1 orthologs among the eight species considered, we established a species tree that partly conflicted with taxonomy (for Myzus ascalonicus). -
Aphids (Hemiptera, Aphididae) Armelle Coeur D’Acier, Nicolas Pérez Hidalgo, Olivera Petrovic-Obradovic
Aphids (Hemiptera, Aphididae) Armelle Coeur d’Acier, Nicolas Pérez Hidalgo, Olivera Petrovic-Obradovic To cite this version: Armelle Coeur d’Acier, Nicolas Pérez Hidalgo, Olivera Petrovic-Obradovic. Aphids (Hemiptera, Aphi- didae). Alien terrestrial arthropods of Europe, 4, Pensoft Publishers, 2010, BioRisk, 978-954-642-554- 6. 10.3897/biorisk.4.57. hal-02824285 HAL Id: hal-02824285 https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02824285 Submitted on 6 Jun 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. A peer-reviewed open-access journal BioRisk 4(1): 435–474 (2010) Aphids (Hemiptera, Aphididae). Chapter 9.2 435 doi: 10.3897/biorisk.4.57 RESEARCH ARTICLE BioRisk www.pensoftonline.net/biorisk Aphids (Hemiptera, Aphididae) Chapter 9.2 Armelle Cœur d’acier1, Nicolas Pérez Hidalgo2, Olivera Petrović-Obradović3 1 INRA, UMR CBGP (INRA / IRD / Cirad / Montpellier SupAgro), Campus International de Baillarguet, CS 30016, F-34988 Montferrier-sur-Lez, France 2 Universidad de León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad de León, 24071 – León, Spain 3 University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Nemanjina 6, SER-11000, Belgrade, Serbia Corresponding authors: Armelle Cœur d’acier ([email protected]), Nicolas Pérez Hidalgo (nperh@unile- on.es), Olivera Petrović-Obradović ([email protected]) Academic editor: David Roy | Received 1 March 2010 | Accepted 24 May 2010 | Published 6 July 2010 Citation: Cœur d’acier A (2010) Aphids (Hemiptera, Aphididae). -
Identification of Conditions for Successful Aphid Control By
insects Review Identification of Conditions for Successful Aphid Control by Ladybirds in Greenhouses Eric W. Riddick National Biological Control Laboratory, Jamie Whitten Delta States Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA; [email protected]; Tel.: +1-662-686-3646; Fax: +1-662-686-5281 Academic Editor: Brian T. Forschler Received: 14 December 2016; Accepted: 20 March 2017; Published: 28 March 2017 Abstract: As part of my research on the mass production and augmentative release of ladybirds, I reviewed the primary research literature to test the prediction that ladybirds are effective aphid predators in greenhouses. Aphid population reduction exceeded 50% in most studies and ladybird release rates usually did not correlate with aphid reduction. The ratio of aphid reduction/release rate was slightly less for larvae than adults in some studies, suggesting that larvae were less effective (than adults) in suppressing aphids. Some adult releases were inside cages, thereby limiting adult dispersion from plants. Overall, the ratio of aphid reduction/release rate was greatest for ladybird adults of the normal strain (several species combined), but least for adults of a flightless Harmonia axyridis strain. The combined action of ladybirds and hymenopteran parasitoids could have a net positive effect on aphid population suppression and, consequently, on host (crop) plants. However, ladybird encounters with aphid-tending or foraging ants must be reduced. Deploying ladybirds to help manage aphids in greenhouses and similar protective structures is encouraged. Keywords: Aphididae; biological control; Coccinellidae; organic agriculture; pest management; predation 1. Introduction Culturing plants in greenhouses, glasshouses, or hothouses has existed in Europe and Asia since the early 19th century, with expansion into North America and other regions of the world in recent years [1–3]. -
First Records of Aphid-Pathogenic Entomophthorales in the Sub
RESEARCH/REVIEW ARTICLE First records of aphid-pathogenic Entomophthorales in the sub-Antarctic archipelagos of Crozet and Kerguelen Bernard Papierok,1 Charles-Antoine Dedryver2 & Maurice Hulle´ 2 1 Pasteur Institute, 25 et 28, rue du Docteur Roux, FR-75015 Paris, France 2 Institute for Genetics, Environment and Plant Protection, French National Institute for Agricultural Research, Domaine de la Motte, FR-35653 Le Rheu, France Keywords Abstract Natural enemies; introduced species; biological invasion; colonization; Since the 20th century, the sub-Antarctic islands have suffered an increasing Zygomycetes; parasitism. number of biological invasions. Despite the large number of publications on this topic, there is a lack of knowledge on parasitism rates of invasive species Correspondence and on the role of parasites and pathogens to regulate their populations. Maurice Hulle´ , Institute for Genetics, Six aphid species have been introduced in the archipelagos of Crozet (Iˆle de la Environment and Plant Protection, French Possession, 468 25’ SÁ518 51’ E) and Kerguelen (498 21’ SÁ708 13’ E). Five of National Institute for Agricultural Research, these species were found infected by entomopathogenic fungi of the order Domaine de la Motte, FR-35653 Le Rheu, Entomophthorales. All these fungal species are cosmopolitan. France. E-mail: [email protected] Conidiobolus obscurus and Entomophthora planchoniana were the most frequently observed on Iˆle de la Possession and in Archipel des Kerguelen, respectively. This is the first report of pathogenic fungi of aphids on the sub-Antarctic islands. We discuss these results in the light of our current knowledge of these insect pathogens. Their introduction by aphids surviving on plants during transportation is the most likely hypothesis to explain their presence on these remote islands. -
A Review of Novel and Alternative Approaches to Aphid Control on Soft Fruit
A review of novel and alternative approaches to aphid control on soft fruit Carolyn Mitchell and Alison Karley, the James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA Background Soft-fruit growers are finding it increasingly difficult to gain control of aphids. Losses of effective spray control products in recent years, combined with further pending revocations, make it increasingly difficult to gain control, particularly close to harvest. Novel and alternative approaches will be required in future. AHDB has already funded several projects to identify and investigate some such methods, but this desk study aims to identify additional ideas. Summary of main findings • Alternative chemical control strategies o Aphid alarm pheromone could be used in future control strategies and studies are needed to assess the effects on aphid behaviour in field conditions o Sex pheromones can attract aphid parasitoids and may be useful for manipulating parasitoid populations to improve their success as a control strategy o Insect growth regulators can inhibit aphid growth and reduce fecundity o Mineral oils might be useful in combination with insecticides or plant-derived antifeedants to maximise aphid control • Biological controls o A mix of six parasitoid species gives best control of strawberry aphid (Chaetosiphon fragaefolii) and this is now commercially available for use by growers o Augmented release of multiple parasitoid species can be compatible with the use of certain biopesticides for suppression of aphid populations o Among aphid predators, -
Host Species Suitability and Instar Preference of Aphidius Ervi and Aphelinus Abdominalis
Entomologia Generalis, Vol. 36 (2017), Issue 4, 347–367 Article Published in print October 2017 Host species suitability and instar preference of Aphidius ervi and Aphelinus abdominalis M.C. Velasco-Hernández1, N. Desneux2, M.M. Ramírez-Martínez3, L. Cicero4 and R. Ramirez-Romero1* 1 Biological Control Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Production, CUCBA, University of Guadalajara, Zapopan, Jalisco, México 2 French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), UMR1355, 400 Route des Chappes, 06903, Sophia-Antipolis, France 3 Department of Ecology and Natural Resources, CUCSUR, University of Guadalajara, Autlán de Navarro, Jalisco, México 4 Forest Health and Agriculture Program, C.E. Mocochá – CIRSE, National Institute for Research in Forestry, Agriculture, and Livestock (INIFAP), Mocochá 97454, Yucatán, México * Corresponding author: [email protected] With 3 figures and 1 table Abstract: Parasitism rates and parasitoid development can be influenced by the species and developmental stage of the host, both of these factors can influence parasitoid performance and fitness. In this study, parasitism rates and developmental parameters were assessed for two widely distributed and commercially available species of aphid parasitoid: Aphidius ervi (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Aphelinus abdominalis (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). In a first bioassay, parasitism rates and parasitoid development were investigated in different host spe- cies. The wasp A. ervi was tested on Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Rhopalosiphum padi, and Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and A. abdominalis was tested on M. persicae, R. padi, and Rhopalosiphum maidis (Hemiptera: Aphididae). The results indicated that A. ervi had a greater percentage of emergence, higher percentage of parasitized aphids, longer developmen- tal time, and higher proportion of females in M. -
Aphid Species Native to the UK Less Than 10% Are Recognised to Be Crop Pests
Bayer Expert Guide Aphids Bayer CropScience Ltd 230 Cambridge Science Park Milton Road Cambridge CB4 0WB Bayer Assist: 0845 6092266 Alternatively, call us on: 01223 226644 (0900-1715 weekdays) www.bayercropscience.co.uk © Bayer CropScience Limited 2013 www.bayercropscience.co.uk Introduction This Expert Guide has been published to aid identification of the main aphid pests of arable, field vegetable and fruit crops. By their feeding, virus transmission and contamination these sap-sucking pests can cause substantial yield and quality loss. However, of the 620 aphid species native to the UK less than 10% are recognised to be crop pests. Accurate identification is therefore vital to IPM (Integrated Pest Management) and the avoidance of prophylactic treatment. It is also a key requirement for resistance management. The profiles in this guide contain illustrations of the distinguishing features of 21 key aphid species to enable agronomists and growers to identify them in the field. They also provide a wealth of information on each aphid’s pest status, host range, life cycle, impact on crops and timing of activity. We hope you will find it to be a valuable reference in the identification and control of aphid pests to realise the full potential of your crops; in yield, quality and profit. Author Mark Taylor Acknowledgement Bayer CropScience would like to thank Mark S. Taylor, of the Rothamsted Insect Survey (a BBSRC-supported national capability), for writing the aphid profiles and providing the aphid life cycles and guide to distinguishing features. We are also grateful to the Rothamsted Insect Survey for provision of the data used to produce the aphid activity graphs. -
Comparison of Gene Repertoires and Patterns of Evolutionary Rates in Eight Aphid Species That Differ by Reproductive Mode
GBE Comparison of Gene Repertoires and Patterns of Evolutionary Rates in Eight Aphid Species That Differ by Reproductive Mode M. Ollivier1,4, T. Gabaldo´ n2, J. Poulain3, F. Gavory3, N. Leterme1, J.-P. Gauthier1, F. Legeai1, D. Tagu1, J. C. Simon1, and C. Rispe1,* 1INRA Rennes UMR BIO3P, Domaine de la Motte, Le Rheu, France Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/gbe/article-abstract/4/2/155/557681 by guest on 07 March 2019 2Bioinformatics and Genomics Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain 3Genoscope and CNRS UMR 8030, Centre National de Se´ quencxage, Evry, France 4Present address: Institut de Ge´ nomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Universite´ Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, Ecole Normale Supe´ rieure de Lyon, Lyon, France. *Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected]. Accepted: 23 December 2011 Abstract In theory, the loss of sexual reproduction is expected to result in the accumulation of deleterious mutations. In aphids, two main types of life cycle, cyclic and obligate parthenogenesis, represent respectively ‘‘sexual’’ and ‘‘asexual’’ reproductive modes. We used the complete pea aphid genome and previously published expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from two other aphid species. In addition, we obtained 100,000 new ESTs from five more species. The final set comprised four sexual and four asexual aphid species and served to test the influence of the reproductive mode on the evolutionary rates of genes. We reconstructed coding sequences from ESTs and annotated these genes, discovering a novel peptide gene family that appears to be among the most highly expressed transcripts from several aphid species. From 203 genes found to be 1:1 orthologs among the eight species considered, we established a species tree that partly conflicted with taxonomy (for Myzus ascalonicus). -
Diversification of MIF Immune Regulators in Aphids
Dubreuil et al. BMC Genomics 2014, 15:762 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/15/762 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Diversification of MIF immune regulators in aphids: link with agonistic and antagonistic interactions Géraldine Dubreuil1,2, Emeline Deleury1, Didier Crochard1, Jean-Christophe Simon3 and Christine Coustau1* Abstract Background: The widespread use of genome sequencing provided evidences for the high degree of conservation in innate immunity signalling pathways across animal phyla. However, the functioning and evolutionary history of immune-related genes remains unknown for most invertebrate species. A striking observation coming from the analysis of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum genome is the absence of important conserved genes known to be involved in the antimicrobial responses of other insects. This reduction in antibacterial immune defences is thought to be related to their long-term association with beneficial symbiotic bacteria and to facilitate symbiont maintenance. An additional possibility to avoid elimination of mutualistic symbionts is a fine-tuning of the host immune response. To explore this hypothesis we investigated the existence and potential involvement of immune regulators in aphid agonistic and antagonistic interactions. Results: In contrast to the limited antibacterial arsenal, we showed that the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum expresses 5 members of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factors (ApMIF), known to be key regulators of the innate immune response. In silico searches for MIF members in insect genomes followed by phylogenetic reconstruction suggest that evolution of MIF genes in hemipteran species has been shaped both by differential losses and serial duplications, raising the question of the functional importance of these genes in aphid immune responses.