Sandy Point Domain Management Plan 2013
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Entomology of the Aucklands and Other Islands South of New Zealand: Lepidoptera, Ex Cluding Non-Crambine Pyralidae
Pacific Insects Monograph 27: 55-172 10 November 1971 ENTOMOLOGY OF THE AUCKLANDS AND OTHER ISLANDS SOUTH OF NEW ZEALAND: LEPIDOPTERA, EX CLUDING NON-CRAMBINE PYRALIDAE By J. S. Dugdale1 CONTENTS Introduction 55 Acknowledgements 58 Faunal Composition and Relationships 58 Faunal List 59 Key to Families 68 1. Arctiidae 71 2. Carposinidae 73 Coleophoridae 76 Cosmopterygidae 77 3. Crambinae (pt Pyralidae) 77 4. Elachistidae 79 5. Geometridae 89 Hyponomeutidae 115 6. Nepticulidae 115 7. Noctuidae 117 8. Oecophoridae 131 9. Psychidae 137 10. Pterophoridae 145 11. Tineidae... 148 12. Tortricidae 156 References 169 Note 172 Abstract: This paper deals with all Lepidoptera, excluding the non-crambine Pyralidae, of Auckland, Campbell, Antipodes and Snares Is. The native resident fauna of these islands consists of 42 species of which 21 (50%) are endemic, in 27 genera, of which 3 (11%) are endemic, in 12 families. The endemic fauna is characterised by brachyptery (66%), body size under 10 mm (72%) and concealed, or strictly ground- dwelling larval life. All species can be related to mainland forms; there is a distinctive pre-Pleistocene element as well as some instances of possible Pleistocene introductions, as suggested by the presence of pairs of species, one member of which is endemic but fully winged. A graph and tables are given showing the composition of the fauna, its distribution, habits, and presumed derivations. Host plants or host niches are discussed. An additional 7 species are considered to be non-resident waifs. The taxonomic part includes keys to families (applicable only to the subantarctic fauna), and to genera and species. -
Protection of Pandora Moth (Coloradia Pandora Blake) Eggs from Consumption by Golden-Mantled Ground Squirrels (Spermophilus Lateralis Say)
AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Elizabeth Ann Gerson for the degree of Master of Science in Forest Science presented on 10 January, 1995. Title: Protection of Pandora Moth (Coloradia pandora Blake) Eggs From Consumption by Golden-mantled Ground Squirrels (Spermophilus lateralis Say) Abstract approved: Redacted for Privacy William C. McComb Endemic populations of pandora moths (Coloradia pandora Blake), a defoliator of western pine forests, proliferated to epidemic levels in central Oregon in 1986 and increased dramatically through 1994. Golden-mantled ground squirrels (Spermophilus lateralis Say) consume adult pandora moths, but reject nutritionally valuable eggs from gravid females. Feeding trials with captive S. lateralis were conducted to identify the mode of egg protection. Chemical constituents of fertilized eggs were separated through a polarity gradient of solvent extractions. Consumption of the resulting hexane, dichloromethane, and water egg fractions, and the extracted egg tissue residue, was evaluated by randomized 2-choice feeding tests. Consumption of four physically distinct egg fractions (whole eggs, "whole" egg shells, ground egg shells, and egg contents) also was evaluated. These bioassays indicated that C. pandora eggs are not protected chemically, however, the egg shell does inhibit S. lateralis consumption. Egg protection is one mechanism that enables C. pandora to persist within the forest food web. Spermophilus lateralis, a common and often abundant rodent of central Oregon pine forests, is a natural enemy of C. pandora -
Short Walks in the Invercargill Area Invercargill the in Walks Short Conditions of Use of Conditions
W: E: www.icc.govt.nz [email protected] F: P: +64 3 217 5358 217 3 +64 9070 219 3 +64 Queens Park, Invercargill, New Zealand New Invercargill, Park, Queens Makarewa Office Parks Council City Invercargill For further information contact: information further For Lorneville Lorneville - Dacre Rd North Rd contents of this brochure. All material is subject to copyright. copyright. to subject is material All brochure. this of contents Web: www.es.govt.nz Web: for loss, cost or damage whatsoever arising out of or connected with the the with connected or of out arising whatsoever damage or cost loss, for 8 Email: [email protected] Email: responsibility for any error or omission and disclaim liability to any entity entity any to liability disclaim and omission or error any for responsibility West Plains Rd 9 McIvor Rd 5115 211 03 Ph: the agencies involved in the management of these walking tracks accept no no accept tracks walking these of management the in involved agencies the Waikiwi 9840 Invercargill While all due care has been taken to ensure the accuracy of this publication, publication, this of accuracy the ensure to taken been has care due all While Waihopai Bainfield Rd 90116 Bag Private Disclaimer Grasmere Southland Environment 7 10 Rosedale Waverley www.doc.govt.nz Web: Web: www.southerndhb.govt.nz Web: Bay Rd Herbert St Findlay Rd [email protected] Email: Email: [email protected] Email: Avenal Windsor Ph: 03 211 2400 211 03 Ph: Ph: 03 211 0900 211 03 Ph: Queens Dr Glengarry Tay St Invercargill 9840 Invercargill -
Indicative DTT Coverage Invercargill (Forest Hill)
Blackmount Caroline Balfour Waipounamu Kingston Crossing Greenvale Avondale Wendon Caroline Valley Glenure Kelso Riversdale Crossans Corner Dipton Waikaka Chatton North Beaumont Pyramid Tapanui Merino Downs Kaweku Koni Glenkenich Fleming Otama Mt Linton Rongahere Ohai Chatton East Birchwood Opio Chatton Maitland Waikoikoi Motumote Tua Mandeville Nightcaps Benmore Pomahaka Otahu Otamita Knapdale Rankleburn Eastern Bush Pukemutu Waikaka Valley Wharetoa Wairio Kauana Wreys Bush Dunearn Lill Burn Valley Feldwick Croydon Conical Hill Howe Benio Otapiri Gorge Woodlaw Centre Bush Otapiri Whiterigg South Hillend McNab Clifden Limehills Lora Gorge Croydon Bush Popotunoa Scotts Gap Gordon Otikerama Heenans Corner Pukerau Orawia Aparima Waipahi Upper Charlton Gore Merrivale Arthurton Heddon Bush South Gore Lady Barkly Alton Valley Pukemaori Bayswater Gore Saleyards Taumata Waikouro Waimumu Wairuna Raymonds Gap Hokonui Ashley Charlton Oreti Plains Kaiwera Gladfield Pikopiko Winton Browns Drummond Happy Valley Five Roads Otautau Ferndale Tuatapere Gap Road Waitane Clinton Te Tipua Otaraia Kuriwao Waiwera Papatotara Forest Hill Springhills Mataura Ringway Thomsons Crossing Glencoe Hedgehope Pebbly Hills Te Tua Lochiel Isla Bank Waikana Northope Forest Hill Te Waewae Fairfax Pourakino Valley Tuturau Otahuti Gropers Bush Tussock Creek Waiarikiki Wilsons Crossing Brydone Spar Bush Ermedale Ryal Bush Ota Creek Waihoaka Hazletts Taramoa Mabel Bush Flints Bush Grove Bush Mimihau Thornbury Oporo Branxholme Edendale Dacre Oware Orepuki Waimatuku Gummies Bush -
Annual Report 2014-2015
Growing Invercargill 2014-2015 ANNUAL REPORT annual report 2014 / 2015 Table of Contents introduction page 1 introduction 2 Mayor’s Comment 7 Financial Overview 3 Chief Executive’s Comment 9 Financial Prudence Benchmarks 4 Elected Representatives 18 Summary of Service Performance 5 Management Structure 23 Audit Opinion 6 Council Structure 28 Statement of Compliance key projects key key projects page 29 30 Awarua Industrial Development 35 Population Growth 30 Bluff Foreshore Redevelopment 36 Southland Museum and Art Gallery Redevelopment 31 City Centre Revitalisation 37 Urban Rejuvenation 33 Cycling, Walking and Oreti Beach council activities 34 District Plan Review council activities page 39 41 Roading Community Services 59 Sewerage 113 Provision of Specialised Community Services 67 Solid Waste Management 117 Community Development council controlled organisations 121 Housing Care Services 71 Stormwater 125 Libraries and Archives 79 Water Supply 129 Parks and Reserves Development and Regulatory 133 Passenger Transport Services 137 Pools 89 Animal Services 141 Public Toilets 93 Building Control 143 Theatre Services 97 Civil Defence and Emergency Corporate Services Management 145 Democratic Process 101 Compliance management 147 Destinational Marketing 105 Environmental Health financial 149 Enterprise 109 Resource Management 153 Investment Property other information council controlled organisations page 155 156 Invercargill City Holdings Limited 159 Invercargill Venue and Events Management Limited 157 Group Structure 160 Bluff Maritime Museum 158 Southland Museum and Art Gallery Trust financial management page 161 162 Financial Statements 247 Statement of Accounting Policies other information page 267 268 Maori Capacity to Contribute to 269 Working Together - Shared Services Decision-Making 1 annual report 2014 / 2015 introduction Invercargill Introduced In 2013 the Invercargill District had a total population local authorities with 1 being the local authority with of 51,696. -
1 © Australian Museum. This Material May Not Be Reproduced, Distributed
AMS564/002 – Scott sister’s second notebook, 1840-1862 © Australian Museum. This material may not be reproduced, distributed, transmitted, cached or otherwise used without permission from the Australian Museum. Text was transcribed by volunteers at the Biodiversity Volunteer Portal, a collaboration between the Australian Museum and the Atlas of Living Australia This is a formatted version of the transcript file from the second Scott Sisters’ notebook Page numbers in this document do not correspond to the notebook page numbers. The notebook was started from both ends at different times, so the transcript pages have been shuffled into approximately date order. Text in square brackets may indicate the following: - Misspellings, with the correct spelling in square brackets preceded by an asterisk rendersveu*[rendezvous] - Tags for types of content [newspaper cutting] - Spelled out abbreviations or short form words F[ield[. Nat[uralists] 1 AMS564/002 – Scott sister’s second notebook, 1840-1862 [Front cover] nulie(?) [start of page 130] [Scott Sisters’ page 169] Note Book No 2 Continued from first notebook No. 253. Larva (Noctua /Bombyx Festiva , Don n 2) found on the Crinum - 16 April 1840. Length 2 1/2 Incs. Ground color ^ very light blue, with numerous dark longitudinal stripes. 3 bright yellow bands, one on each side and one down the middle back - Head lightish red - a black velvet band, transverse, on the segment behind the front legs - but broken by the yellows This larva had a very offensive smell, and its habits were disgusting - living in the stem or in the thick part of the leaves near it, in considerable numbers, & surrounded by their accumulated filth - so that any touch of the Larva would soil the fingers.- It chiefly eat the thicker & juicier parts of the Crinum - On the 17 April made a very slight nest, underground, & some amongst the filth & leaves, by forming a cavity with agglutinated earth - This larva is showy - Drawing of exact size & appearance. -
CRT Conference 2020 – Bus Trips
CRT Conference 2020 – Bus Trips South-eastern Southland fieldtrip 19th March 2020 Welcome and overview of the day. Invercargill to Gorge Road We are travelling on the Southern Scenic Route from Invercargill to the Catlins. Tisbury Old Dairy Factory – up to 88 around Southland We will be driving roughly along the boundary between the Southland Plains and Waituna Ecological Districts. The Southland Plains ED is characterized by a variety of forest on loam soils, while the Waituna District is characterized by extensive blanket bog with swamps and forest. Seaward Forest is located near the eastern edge of Invercargill to the north of our route today. It is the largest remnant of a large forest stand that extended from current day Invercargill to Gorge Road before European settlement and forest clearance. Long our route to Gorge Road we will see several other smaller forest remnants. The extent of Seaward forest is shown in compiled survey plans of Theophilus Heale from 1868. However even the 1865 extent of the forest is much reduced from the original pre-Maori forest extent. Almost all of Southland was originally forest covered with the exception of peat bogs, other valley floor wetlands, braided river beds and the occasional frost hollows. The land use has changed in this area over the previous 20 years with greater intensification and also with an increase in dairy farming. Surrounding features Takitimus Mtns – Inland (to the left) in the distance (slightly behind us) – This mountain range is one of the most iconic mountains in Southland – they are visible from much of Southland. -
Neuroscience Needs Ethology: the Marked Example of the Moth Pheromone System
Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 16 July 2020 doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0357.v1 Review Neuroscience needs ethology: the marked example of the moth pheromone system Hervé Thevenon 1 1 Affiliation: Spascia; [email protected] 2 Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The key premise of translational studies is that knowledge gained in one animal species can be transposed to other animals. So far translational bridges have mainly relied on genetic and physiological similarities, in experimental setups where behaviours and environment are often oversimplified. These simplifications were recently criticised for decreasing the intrinsic value of the published results. The inclusion of wild behaviour and rich environments in neuroscience experimental designs is difficult to achieve because no animal model has it all. As an example, the genetic toolkit of moths species is virtually non-existent when compared to C. elegans, rats, mice, or zebrafish, however the balance is reversed for wild behaviours. The ethological knowledge gathered about the moth was instrumental for designing natural-like auditory stimuli, that were used in association with electrophysiology in order to understand how moths use these variable sounds produced by their predators in order to trump death. Conversely, we are still stuck with understanding how male moths make sense of their complex and diffuse olfactory landscape in order to locate conspecific females up to several hundred meters away, and precisely identify a conspecific in a sympatric swarm in order to reproduce. This systemic review articulates the ethological knowledge pertaining to this unresolved problem and leverages the paradigm to gain insight into how male moths process sparse and uncertain environmental sensory information. -
And Ragwort Flea Beetle, Cinnabar Moths and Other Organisms That Feed on Ragwort
Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the permission of the Author. Interaction of population processes in ragwort (Senecio jacobaea L.) and ragwort flea.bee tle (Longitarsus jacobaeae Waterbouse) A Thesis presented in partial fulflllment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Ecology at Massey University. April 2000 11 Declaration of Originality This thesis represents the original work of the author, except where otherwise acknowledged. It has not been submitted previously for a degree at any University. Aung Kyi III Acknowledgements I am sincerely grateful to my supervisors, Professor Brian Springett, Dr lan Stringer (Ecology, the Institute of Natural Resources, Massey University), and Dr Peter McGregor (Landcare Research) for their encouragement, supervision and patience over this study and their help in drafting this thesis. I am also indebted to Mr Keith Betteridge (AgResearch) for his valuable advice on the laboratory study on the movement of first instar larvae of ragwort flea beetle in different soils; Dr. Ed Minot (Ecology, Massey University) for explaining how to use the STELLA model; Dr. Jill Rapson (Ecology, Massey University) for comments on my PhD thesis proposal; Dr. Siva Ganesh, Dr. Jenny Brown and Mr. Duncan Hedderley (Statistics, Massey University) for help with univariate and multivariate analyses; and Dr. Kerry Harrington (Plant Science, Institute of Natural Resources, Massey University) for his comments and suggestion on the toxicity of ragwort and its chemical control. -
Developing Host Range Testing for Cotesia Urabae
1 Appendix 2 Appendix 2: Risks to non-target species from potential biological control agent Cotesia urabae against Uraba lugens in New Zealand L.A. Berndt, A. Sharpe, T.M. Withers, M. Kimberley, and B. Gresham Scion, Private Bag 3020, Rotorua 3046, New Zealand, [email protected] Introduction Biological control of insect pests is a sustainable approach to pest management that seeks to correct ecological imbalances that many new invaders create on arrival in a new country. This is done by introducing carefully selected natural enemies of the pest, usually from its native range. This method is the only means of establishing and maintaining self-sustaining control of pest insects and it is highly cost effective in the long term (Greathead, 1995). However there is considerable concern for the risk new biological control agents might pose to other species in the country of introduction, and most countries now have regulations to manage decisions on whether to allow biological control introductions (Sheppard et al., 2003). A key component of the research required to gain approval to release a new agent is host range testing, to determine what level of risk the agent might pose to native and valued species in the country of introduction. Although methods for this are well developed for weed biological control, protocols are less established for arthropod biological control, and the challenges in conducting tests are greater (Van Driesche and Murray, 2004; van Lenteren et al., 2006; Withers and Browne, 2004). This is because insect ecology and taxonomy are relatively poorly understood, and there are many more species that need to be considered. -
A Field Guide
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENTS FOR WEEDS IN NEW ZEALAND: A Field Guide Compiled by Lynley Hayes © Landcare Research New Zealand Ltd 2005. This information may be copied and distributed to others without limitation, provided Landcare Research Ltd and the source of the information is acknowledged. Under no circumstances may a charge be made for this information without the express permission of Landcare Research Ltd. Biological control agents for weeds in New Zealand : a field guide. -- Lincoln, N.Z. : Landcare Research, 2005. ISBN 0-478-09372-1 1. Weeds -- Biological control -- New Zealand. 2. Biological pest control agents -- New Zealand. 3. Weeds – Control -- New Zealand. UDC 632.51(931):632.937 Acknowledgements We are grateful to the Forest Health Research Collaborative for funding the preparation of this field guide and to regional councils and the Department of Conservation for funding its production. Thank you to the many people at Landcare Research who provided information or pictures, checked or edited the text, helped with proof-reading, or prepared the layout, especially Christine Bezar and Jen McBride. Contents Foreword Native Insects on Gorse Heather Beetle Tips for Finding Biocontrol Agents Hemlock Moth Hieracium Gall Midge Tips for Safely Moving Biocontrol Agents Around Hieracium Gall Wasp Hieracium Rust Alligator Weed Beetle Mexican Devil Weed Gall Fly Alligator Weed Moth Mist Flower Fungus Blackberry Rust Mist Flower Gall Fly Broom Psyllid Nodding Thistle Crown Weevil Broom Seed Beetle Nodding Thistle Gall Fly Broom Twig Miner -
FROM POTHOLES to POLICY: How Invercargill City Council Informs Itself Of, and Has Regard To, the Views of All of Its Communities
FROM POTHOLES TO POLICY: How Invercargill City Council informs itself of, and has regard to, the views of all of its communities Janette Malcolm School of Geography, E nvironment and Earth Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington Wellington, ew Zealand Submitted in partial fulfilment of the Master of D evelopment Studies D egree JULY 2008 Abstract In the 1990s, governments in the Western world were seeking solutions to the economic and social dysfunction resulting from a decade of pure neo-liberal policies. Increased inequalities in the distribution of wealth, the promotion of individualism at the expense of community and citizens feeling alienated from government had become critical problems, nowhere more so than in New Zealand. A solution that has been adopted is to reconnect government at all levels with citizens and the civic sector. The good governance agenda proposed increased transparency and accountability of government to citizens, and a new role for citizens as participants and partners. It became the foundation for a fundamental reform of local government in New Zealand, resulting in the Local Government Act 2002. However, the acquisition of a right to participate does not necessarily lead to knowledge of that right and the capacity to exercise it on the part of citizens: nor the willingness to allow it on the part of government. There are also more general questions about the exercise of power, about representation and about whose voices are heard. This thesis, through a case study of Invercargill City Council, a local government authority in Southland, New Zealand, examines these issues relating to citizen participation and the extent to which the Council has been able to create an environment and processes that enable all of its communities to participate.