DOCSLIB.ORG

Plant Descriptions

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Plant Descriptions 698 Concession 3, Wilsonville, ON N0E 1Z0 Phone (519) 443-5773 Fax (519) 4141 Plant Descriptions The following pages contain brief descriptions of most cultivars and species of conifers we have. Currently our data base lists well over 1000 species and varieties. However, we do not propagate every listing annually. Each listing details Zone, Colour, Classification (American Conifer Society), and general expected size at 10 years of age. Fir Zone Colour Class Size European Silver Fir Abies alba Pendula 5 Dark Green Intermediate 150cm A green weeping form of the Silver Fir needs staking to develop a leader. All side branches strictly pendulous. Abies alba Pyramidalis 5 Dark Green Large 150cm A columnar form. Very pyramidal and tight. Can grow 30cm a year. Nice glossy green needles. Balsam Fir Abies balsamea Eugene’s Gold 3 Gold Intermediate 150cm A relatively new form of the balsam. Deep yellow colour year round. Slow growing. Abies balsamea Nana 3 Dark green Dwarf 60cm An old dwarf form that is usually round . Growth rate 2 inches per year. Extremely hardy. Tolerates acidic soils. Abies balsamea Piccolo 3 Dark Green Miniature 40cm The ultimate dwarf Balsam Fir. Only grows ½ inch per year. Small bun. Abies balsamea Tyler’s Blue 3 Blue Large 150cm A balsam fir with blue needles otherwise normal growing for the species. Abies balsamea Larry’s Weeping 3 Green Intermediate 150cm A unique weeping selection that needs to be staked for height. Can we assume it was found by Larry? Grecian Fir Abies cephalonica Meyer’s Dwarf 5 Dark Green Dwarf 60cm Nice spreading type that will eventually mound. Cilician Fir Abies cilicicia 5b Dark Green Large 150cm The species of the Cilcian Fir. Must have well drained soils. Abies cilicica Spring Grove 5b Dark Green Dwarf 50cm A witches broom found in Ohio I believe. Very dense slow growing. Pyramidal. Extremely rare. White Fir Abies concolor 4 Grey Large 175cm A large stately specimen with needles ranging from green to blue. Abies concolor Archer’s Dwarf 4 Blue/Grey Dwarf 100cm Compact form eventually making a leader. Suitable for the rock garden. Abies concolor Blue Cloak 4 Powder Blue Large 150cm Beautiful weeping form. More less central leader with cascading branches. Once trained. Abies concolor Candicans 4 Powder Blue Large 175cm Probably the bluest form of Silver fir. Very large blue needles. Often grows open form when young. Abies concolor Commanche 4 Blue/Grey Miniature 50cm Very tight globose plant only growing an inch or two per year. Choice plant. Hard to propagate. Abies concolor Compacta 4 Silver Blue Intermediate120cm A dwarf upright pyramid. Tight growing, large needled. Abies concolor Conica 4 Green/Blue Intermediate100cm Very dwarf and tight growing . Upright growing. Abies concolor Eagel Point 4 Silver Dwarf 70cm Another very tight growing witches broom found in Iowa. Needles slightly longer than other broom types listed. Abies concolor Gable’s Weeping 4 Green Intermediate 120cm A semi weeping form. Very large needles. Becomes quite wide. Abies concolor Glenmore 4 Sky Blue Large 150cm Large growing form like the species with exceptionally bright blue needles. Grows about 1 foot a year. Abies concolor Kinky 4 Grey Intermediate 120cm Interesting pyramidal semi dwarf. Has drooping branchlets. Abies concolor Lavita 4 Grey Dwarf 60cm Round witches broom with more vigour than other cultivars. Grows about 2 inches a year. Abies concolor Masonic 4 Grey Dwarf 40cm Bun form, so small and cute. Extremely slow and rare. Abies concolor Olsen 4 Grey Dwarf 40cm Tiny round ball with small needles. Grows about ½ inch a year. Abies concolor Piggelmee 4 Grey Dwarf 60cm A real tiny fellow. globe like, only grows 1 inch a year. Abies concolor Rochester Park 4 Silver Dwarf 50cm Another very tight cute plant. Most likely from a witches broom. Abies concolor St. John’s 4 Silver Miniature 50cm Really small and slowing growing bun type. Excellent candidate for the small rock garden. Abies concolor Stanwood 4 Grey Dwarf 50cm Nice flat growing broom. Very dense and attractive. Abies concolor Tubby 4 Grey Dwarf 120cm A thick branching form. Stout and pyramidal. Love it. Abies concolor Waukan 4 Grey Dwarf 40cm Yet another very tiny plant. This little fellow takes his time. Less than an inch of growth a year. Abies concolor Wintergold 4 Green/Yellow Intermediate 100cm Grey green needles in summer followed by soft yellow when it starts getting colder. Interesting but slow growing. Delavay’s Fir Abies delayei Horsford 5 Green Dwarf 100cm Dwarf spreading clone with wide dark green needles and reddish branches. Ernest Fir Abies ernestii 5 Green Large 150cm A very interesting species and has large flat needles. Needs to be seen to be appreciated. Farges Fir Abies fargesii 5 Dark Green Large 150cm+ Large flat needles, dark green on top and white silver underneath. Red bark. Medium grower to 50 feet. Japanese Fir Abies firma Abies firma Halgren 5b Green Large 150cm A formal form of the Japanese Fir. Grows about 1 foot a year. Abies firma Nana Horizontalis 5b Green Dwarf 80cm Dwarf spreading fir. Quite rare for the species. Very dark green needles. Fraser Fir Abies fraseri 5 Green Large 175cm A pyramidal species 60ft and endemic to North America. Good colour and often used in the Christmas tree industry. Abies fraseri Blue Bonnet 5 Blue Dwarf 60cm Striking blue on this tiny plant. Great rock garden choice. Abies fraseri Franklin 5 Green Dwarf 80cm A very dense and slowing growing pyramid. Great for rock gardens that want a little height. Abies fraseri Kleins Nest 5 Green Dwarf 90cm Somewhat spreading but upright growing. Really dense growing. Abies fraseri Paul’s Broom 5 Green Dwarf 60cm Very small and slow growing plant. Globose. Abies fraseri Prostrata 5 Dark Green Dwarf 80cm A more less spreading dwarf. Will become much wider than high. Abies fraseri Rawls 5 Blue Dwaf 90cm Pretty blue on a dwarf pyramid. Really nice. Abies fraseri Vasti 5 Dark Green Minature 30cm Extremely small, short needled plant. This a rockery plant. Growth rate 2-4cm per year. Very, very rare. Giant Fir Abies grandis 6 Green Large 150cm Tree to 150feet or more. Long shiny flat needles. Needs Protection in our climate. Abies grandis Aurea 6 Gold Intermediate 100cm Bright yellow flush in the spring later turning green. Somewhat slow growing. Manchurian Fir Abies holophylla 4 Dark Green Large 175cm The Manchurian Fir can grow up to 100’. Long needled, rare in cultivation. Absolutelyy beautiful. Very hardy. Nikko Fir Abies homolepsis Umbellata 5 Medium Green Large 175cm The Nikko Fir. Becomes a tall tree. Another rare plant in cultivation. Abies homlepsis Variegata 5 Variegated Large 175cm A variegated form of the Nikko Fir. Splashes of cream and yellow throughout the plant. Korean Fir Abies koreana 5 Green Intermediate 150cm One of the smallest growing of the firs (30 feet). Its blue cones and relatively small size make this tree one of the best for lighter soils. Abies koreana Aurea 5 Soft yellow Intermediate 150cm One of the prettiest golden firs in cultivation. New growth lime green to soft yellow. Colour is consistent year round. Slow growing. Purple cones make a nice contrast. Abies koreana Blauer Pfiff 5 Blue Intermediate 150cm A nice German selection with good blue needles. Densely pyramidal. Abies koreana Cis 5 Green Dwarf 60cm A little ball of glossy needles. Introduced in 1989. Grows ½ inch a year. Abies koreana Compact Dwarf 5 Green Dwarf 80cm Beautiful spreading type. Does become quite large. Grows 3-4 inches a year. Abies koreana Gait 5 Green Dwarf 80cm A narrow upright from Holland. Slower growing. Abies koreana Gelbunt 5 Variegated Dwarf 80cm A compact form of the species with variegation throughout the plant. Abies koreana Glauca 5 Silvery-blue Intermediate 150cm A very rare version of the Korean Fir. Somewhat globose until a leader develops becoming a pyramidal tree. Abies koreana Golden Dream (Goldener Traum) 5 Gold Dwarf 80cm Beautiful dwarf golden selection. Globose but may form a leader in time. Abies koreana Green Carpet 5 Light Green Dwarf 100cm Grows perfectly round and will not likely pass 60cm in height. A very interesting plant for the garden where it can be appreciated. Abies koreana Green Spreader 5 Light Green Dwarf 100cm Another choice spreading plant that doesn’t form a leader. Abies koreana Nanaimo 5 Green Intermediate 120cm Selection of Korean Fir with a good dense pyramidal form. Abies koreana Silberlocke 5 White and green Intermediate150cm Probably the best known selection of Korean Fir. Its twisted needles exposing the white stomates make this plant highly popular. Densely pyramidal over time. Abies koreana Silbermavers 5 Green Dwarf 40cm Another very small bun type with green and white showing. Abies koreana Silberperl 5 Green Dwarf 40cm Very small bun form. Excellent rock garden choice. Abies koreana Silver Show 5 White and green Intermediate 150cm A somewhat faster and more pyramidal version of Silberlocke. Growth rate around 10 to 15cm per year. Abies koreana Starker’s Dwarf 5 Green Dwarf 80cm A nice low spreading form with attractive needles. Rocky Mountain Fir Abies lasiocarpa Compacta 4 Green Intermediate 150cm A rich green colour on a compact pyramidal form. Not very common but deserving in any garden situation. Abies lasiocarpa Daybreak 4 Green/Blue Intermediate 150cm A dense pyramid and slow growing. Abies lasiocarpa Glacial Blue 4 Powder Blue Intermediate 150cm Conical plant with powder blue foliage. New. Abies lasiocarpa Glauca Compacta 4 Powder Blue Intermediate150cm A classic well known version of the Rocky Mountain Fir. Soft Needled and dense growing. Good selection for the larger rock garden. Abies lasiocarpa Green Globe 4 Green Dwarf 80cm A densly globose selection mostly likely from a witches broom.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Yellowstone National Park, Resources and Issues, Vegetation
    VEGETATION More than 1,300 plant taxa occur in Yellowstone National Park. The whitebark pine, shown here and found in high elevations in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, is an important native species in decline. Vegetation The vegetation communities of Yellowstone National major disturbances. Yellowstone is home to three Park include overlapping combinations of species endemic plant species, at least two of which depend typical of the Rocky Mountains as well as of the on the unusual habitat created by the park’s thermal Great Plains to the east and the Intermountain region features. Most vegetation management in the park to the west. The exact vegetation community pres- is focused on minimizing human-caused impacts on ent in any area of the park reflects the consequences their native plant communities to the extent feasible. of the underlying geology, ongoing climate change, substrates and soils, and disturbances created by fire, Vegetation Communities floods, landslides, blowdowns, insect infestations, There are several vegetation communities in and the arrival of nonnative plants. Yellowstone: higher- and lower-elevation forests Today, the roughly 1,386 native taxa in the park and the understory vegetation associated with them, represent the species able to either persist in the area sagebrush-steppe, wetlands, and hydrothermal. or recolonize after glaciers, lava flows, and other Quick Facts Number in Yellowstone • Three endemic species (found only Management Issues Native plant taxa: more than 1,300: in Yellowstone): Ross’s bentgrass, • Controlling nonnative species, • Hundreds of wildfowers. Yellowstone sand verbena, which threaten native species, Yellowstone sulfur wild buckwheat. especially near developed areas; • Trees: nine conifers (lodgepole some are spreading into the Nonnative plant species: 225.
    [Show full text]
  • Department of Planning and Zoning
    Department of Planning and Zoning Subject: Howard County Landscape Manual Updates: Recommended Street Tree List (Appendix B) and Recommended Plant List (Appendix C) - Effective July 1, 2010 To: DLD Review Staff Homebuilders Committee From: Kent Sheubrooks, Acting Chief Division of Land Development Date: July 1, 2010 Purpose: The purpose of this policy memorandum is to update the Recommended Plant Lists presently contained in the Landscape Manual. The plant lists were created for the first edition of the Manual in 1993 before information was available about invasive qualities of certain recommended plants contained in those lists (Norway Maple, Bradford Pear, etc.). Additionally, diseases and pests have made some other plants undesirable (Ash, Austrian Pine, etc.). The Howard County General Plan 2000 and subsequent environmental and community planning publications such as the Route 1 and Route 40 Manuals and the Green Neighborhood Design Guidelines have promoted the desirability of using native plants in landscape plantings. Therefore, this policy seeks to update the Recommended Plant Lists by identifying invasive plant species and disease or pest ridden plants for their removal and prohibition from further planting in Howard County and to add other available native plants which have desirable characteristics for street tree or general landscape use for inclusion on the Recommended Plant Lists. Please note that a comprehensive review of the street tree and landscape tree lists were conducted for the purpose of this update, however, only
    [Show full text]
  • Two New Chrysomyxa Rust Species on the Endemic Plant, Picea Asperata in Western China, and Expanded Description of C
    Phytotaxa 292 (3): 218–230 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) http://www.mapress.com/j/pt/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2017 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.292.3.2 Two new Chrysomyxa rust species on the endemic plant, Picea asperata in western China, and expanded description of C. succinea JING CAO1, CHENG-MING TIAN1, YING-MEI LIANG2 & CHONG-JUAN YOU1* 1The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China 2Museum of Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract Two new rust species, Chrysomyxa diebuensis and C. zhuoniensis, on Picea asperata are recognized by morphological characters and DNA sequence data. A detailed description, illustrations, and discussion concerning morphologically similar and phylogenetically closely related species are provided for each species. From light and scanning electron microscopy observations C. diebuensis is characterized by the nailhead to peltate aeciospores, with separated stilt-like base. C. zhuoni- ensis differs from other known Chrysomyxa species in the annulate aeciospores with distinct longitudinal smooth cap at ends of spores, as well as with a broken, fissured edge. Analysis based on internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) partial gene sequences reveals that the two species cluster as a highly supported group in the phylogenetic trees. Correlations between the morphological and phylogenetic features are discussed. Illustrations and a detailed description are also provided for the aecia of C. succinea in China for the first time. Keywords: aeciospores, molecular phylogeny, spruce needle rust, taxonomy Introduction Picea asperata Mast.is native to western China, widely distributed in Qinghai, Gansu, Shaanxi and western Sichuan.
    [Show full text]
  • Scientific Name Species Common Name Abies Lasiocarpa FIR Subalpine Acacia Macracantha ACACIA Long-Spine
    Scientific Name Species Common Name Abies lasiocarpa FIR Subalpine Acacia macracantha ACACIA Long-spine Acacia roemeriana CATCLAW Roemer Acer grandidentatum MAPLE Canyon Acer nigrum MAPLE Black Acer platanoides MAPLE Norway Acer saccharinum MAPLE Silver Aesculus pavia BUCKEYE Red Aesculus sylvatica BUCKEYE Painted Ailanthus altissima AILANTHUS Tree-of-heaven Albizia julibrissin SILKTREE Mimosa Albizia lebbek LEBBEK Lebbek Alnus iridis ssp. sinuata ALDER Sitka Alnus maritima ALDER Seaside Alvaradoa amorphoides ALVARADOA Mexican Amelanchier laevis SERVICEBERRY Allegheny Amyris balsamifera TORCHWOOD Balsam Annona squamosa SUGAR-APPLE NA Araucaria cunninghamii ARAUCARIA Cunningham Arctostaphylos glauca MANZANITA Bigberry Asimina obovata PAWPAW Bigflower Bourreria radula STRONGBACK Rough Brasiliopuntia brasiliensis PRICKLY-PEAR Brazilian Bursera simaruba GUMBO-LIMBO NA Caesalpinia pulcherrima FLOWERFENCE NA Capparis flexuosa CAPERTREE Limber CRUCIFIXION- Castela emoryi THORN NA Casuarina equisetifolia CASUARINA Horsetail Ceanothus arboreus CEANOTHUS Feltleaf Ceanothus spinosus CEANOTHUS Greenbark Celtis lindheimeri HACKBERRY Lindheimer Celtis occidentalis HACKBERRY Common Cephalanthus occidentalis BUTTONBUSH Common Cercis canadensis REDBUD Eastern Cercocarpus traskiae CERCOCARPUS Catalina Chrysophyllum oliviforme SATINLEAF NA Citharexylum berlandieri FIDDLEWOOD Berlandier Citrus aurantifolia LIME NA Citrus sinensis ORANGE Orange Coccoloba uvifera SEAGRAPE NA Colubrina arborescens COLUBRINA Coffee Colubrina cubensis COLUBRINA Cuba Condalia globosa
    [Show full text]
  • Picea Omorika Cultivation and Uses
    Picea omorika From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Kingdom: Plantae Division: Pinophyta Picea omorika ( Serbian Spruce ) is a rare, local Class: Pinopsida spruce, endemic to the Drina River valley in western Serbia and eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina Order: Pinales near Višegrad. It was originally discovered near the Family: Pinaceae village of Zaovine on the Tara Mountain in 1875, č ć Genus: Picea and named by the Serbian botanist Josif Pan i ; the epithet omorika is simply the Serbian word for P. omorika Species: "spruce"; hence, the scientific name means"Spruce- spruce". It is a medium-sized evergreen tree growing to 20–35 m tall, exceptionally to 40 m tall, and with a trunk diameter of up to 1 m. The shoots are buff-brown, and densely pubescent (hairy). The leaves are needle-like, 10–20 mm long, flattened in cross-section, and dark blue-green above, and blue-white below. The cones are 4–7 cm long, fusiform (spindle-shaped, broadest in the middle), dark purple (almost black) when young, maturing dark brown 5–7 months after pollination, and have stiff scales. Cultivation and uses Outside of its native range, Serbian Spruce is of major importance in horticulture as an ornamental tree in large gardens, valued in northern Europe and North America for its very attractive crown form and ability to grow on a wide range of soils, including alkaline, clay, acid and sandy soil, although it prefers moist, drained loam. It is also grown to a small extent in forestry for christmas trees, timber and paper production, particularly in northern Europe, though its slow growth makes it less important than Sitka Spruce or Norway Spruce.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Fir Species in the Silviculture of British Forests
    Kastamonu Üni., Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 2012, Özel Sayı: 15-26 Kastamonu Univ., Journal of Forestry Faculty, 2012, Special Issue The Role of True Fir Species in the Silviculture of British Forests: past, present and future W.L. MASON Forest Research, Northern Research Station, Roslin, Midlothian, Scotland EH25 9SY, U.K. E.mail:[email protected] Abstract There are no true fir species (Abies spp.) native to the British Isles: the first to be introduced was Abies alba in the 1600s which was planted on some scale until the late 1800s when it proved vulnerable to an insect pest. Thereafter interest switched to North American species, particularly grand (Abies grandis) and noble (Abies procera) firs. Provenance tests were established for A. alba, A. amabilis, A. grandis, and A. procera. Other silver fir species were trialled in forest plots with varying success. Although species such as grand fir have proved highly productive on favourable sites, their initial slow growth on new planting sites and limited tolerance of the moist nutrient-poor soils characteristic of upland Britain restricted their use in the afforestation programmes of the last century. As a consequence, in 2010, there were about 8000 ha of Abies species in Britain, comprising less than one per cent of the forest area. Recent species trials have confirmed that best growth is on mineral soils and that, in open ground conditions, establishment takes longer than for other conifers. However, changes in forest policies increasingly favour the use of Continuous Cover Forestry and the shade tolerant nature of many fir species makes them candidates for use with selection or shelterwood silvicultural systems.
    [Show full text]
  • Genetic Diversity and Conservation of Picea Chihuahuana Martínez: a Review
    Vol. 13(28), pp. 2786-2795, 9 July, 2014 DOI: 10.5897/AJB2014.13645 Article Number: CADB48845877 ISSN 1684-5315 African Journal of Biotechnology Copyright © 2014 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article http://www.academicjournals.org/AJB Review Genetic diversity and conservation of Picea chihuahuana Martínez: A review Quiñones-Pérez, Carmen Zulema1, Sáenz-Romero, Cuauhtémoc2 and Wehenkel, Christian1* 1Institute of Forestry and Wood Industry, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango, México. 2Institute of Agricultural and Forestry Research, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Michoacán, México. Received 20 January, 2014; Accepted 16 June, 2014 The conservation of genetic diversity in tree populations is an essential component of sustainable forest management. Picea chihuahuana Martínez is an endemic conifer species in Mexico and is considered to be endangered. P. chihuahuana covers a total area of no more than 300 ha at the Sierra Madre Occidental, a mountain range that harbor a high diversity of tree species. There are 40 populations of the species that have been identified in the region, and it cannot be found elsewhere. These populations form clusters within gallery forests and are usually associated with eight other tree genera. The P. chihuahuana community is mostly well preserved. Owing to its remarkable characteristics and high conservation value, P. chihuahuana has been the subject of several studies aimed at learning more about the genetic structure, ecology and potential effects of climate change. However, the overall applicability of such studies is to confirm a dataset to develop management tools to help decision makers and to implement preservation and conservation strategies using genetic diversity.
    [Show full text]
  • The Occurrence of Rhyndophorus Ferrugineus in Grecce and Cyprus
    ENTOMOLOGIA HELLENICA 17 (2007-2008): 28-33 The scale insect Dynaspidiotus abietis (Schrank) on Abies cephalonica (Pinaceae) G. J. STATHAS Technological Educational Institute of Kalamata, School of Agricultural Technology Department of Crop Production, Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology and Zoology, 24100 Antikalamos, Greece, ([email protected]) ABSTRACT Data on phenology and morphology of the scale insect Dynaspidiotus abietis (Schrank) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), found on fir trees Abies cephalonica (Pinaceae) on mount Taygetos (Peloponnesus - southern Greece), are presented. The species is biparental and oviparous. During this study (June 2004 – August 2006) D. abietis completed one generation per year. It overwintered as mated pre-ovipositing female adult. Ovipositions were recorded from May to July. The majority of the hatches of the crawlers were observed in June. Predated individuals of the scale which were found during the study period were attributed to the presence of the predator Chilocorus bipustulatus (L.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Introduction belonging to the family Coccidae, such as Physokermes hemicryphus (Dalm.), P. There are many species belonging to picae Sch., Eulecanium sericeum (Lind.) family Diaspididae that infest fir trees in and Nemolecanium graniformis (Wünn), Europe. Major species include: Chionaspis which were found on Abies cephalonica austriaca Lindinger, Diaspidiotus Loud. and A. borisii-regis Mattf., as well ostreaeformis (Curtis), Dynaspidiotus as Marchalina hellenica (Gennadius) abieticola (Koroneos), D. abietis (Margarodidae), are regarded as more (Schrank), Fiorinia japonica Luwana, important and have been studied mainly Lepidosaphes juniperi Lindinger, L. due to them excreting honeydews, on newsteadi (Šulc), Leucaspis lowi Colvée, which bees are fed (Santas 1983, Santas L. pini (Hartig), Parlatoria parlatoriae 1991, Stathas, 2001). (Šulc) and Unaspidiotus corticispini The scale insect Dynaspidiotus abietis (Lindinger) (Ben-Dov 2006).
    [Show full text]
  • Historical Range of Variability and Current Landscape Condition Analysis: South Central Highlands Section, Southwestern Colorado & Northwestern New Mexico
    Historical Range of Variability and Current Landscape Condition Analysis: South Central Highlands Section, Southwestern Colorado & Northwestern New Mexico William H. Romme, M. Lisa Floyd, David Hanna with contributions by Elisabeth J. Bartlett, Michele Crist, Dan Green, Henri D. Grissino-Mayer, J. Page Lindsey, Kevin McGarigal, & Jeffery S.Redders Produced by the Colorado Forest Restoration Institute at Colorado State University, and Region 2 of the U.S. Forest Service May 12, 2009 Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY … p 5 AUTHORS’ AFFILIATIONS … p 16 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS … p 16 CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION A. Objectives and Organization of This Report … p 17 B. Overview of Physical Geography and Vegetation … p 19 C. Climate Variability in Space and Time … p 21 1. Geographic Patterns in Climate 2. Long-Term Variability in Climate D. Reference Conditions: Concept and Application … p 25 1. Historical Range of Variability (HRV) Concept 2. The Reference Period for this Analysis 3. Human Residents and Influences during the Reference Period E. Overview of Integrated Ecosystem Management … p 30 F. Literature Cited … p 34 CHAPTER II. PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS A. Vegetation Structure and Composition … p 39 B. Reference Conditions … p 40 1. Reference Period Fire Regimes 2. Other agents of disturbance 3. Pre-1870 stand structures C. Legacies of Euro-American Settlement and Current Conditions … p 67 1. Logging (“High-Grading”) in the Late 1800s and Early 1900s 2. Excessive Livestock Grazing in the Late 1800s and Early 1900s 3. Fire Exclusion Since the Late 1800s 4. Interactions: Logging, Grazing, Fire, Climate, and the Forests of Today D. Summary … p 83 E. Literature Cited … p 84 CHAPTER III.
    [Show full text]
  • Common Conifers in New Mexico Landscapes
    Ornamental Horticulture Common Conifers in New Mexico Landscapes Bob Cain, Extension Forest Entomologist One-Seed Juniper (Juniperus monosperma) Description: One-seed juniper grows 20-30 feet high and is multistemmed. Its leaves are scalelike with finely toothed margins. One-seed cones are 1/4-1/2 inch long berrylike structures with a reddish brown to bluish hue. The cones or “berries” mature in one year and occur only on female trees. Male trees produce Alligator Juniper (Juniperus deppeana) pollen and appear brown in the late winter and spring compared to female trees. Description: The alligator juniper can grow up to 65 feet tall, and may grow to 5 feet in diameter. It resembles the one-seed juniper with its 1/4-1/2 inch long, berrylike structures and typical juniper foliage. Its most distinguishing feature is its bark, which is divided into squares that resemble alligator skin. Other Characteristics: • Ranges throughout the semiarid regions of the southern two-thirds of New Mexico, southeastern and central Arizona, and south into Mexico. Other Characteristics: • An American Forestry Association Champion • Scattered distribution through the southern recently burned in Tonto National Forest, Arizona. Rockies (mostly Arizona and New Mexico) It was 29 feet 7 inches in circumference, 57 feet • Usually a bushy appearance tall, and had a 57-foot crown. • Likes semiarid, rocky slopes • If cut down, this juniper can sprout from the stump. Uses: Uses: • Birds use the berries of the one-seed juniper as a • Alligator juniper is valuable to wildlife, but has source of winter food, while wildlife browse its only localized commercial value.
    [Show full text]
  • Potential Impact of Climate Change
    Adhikari et al. Journal of Ecology and Environment (2018) 42:36 Journal of Ecology https://doi.org/10.1186/s41610-018-0095-y and Environment RESEARCH Open Access Potential impact of climate change on the species richness of subalpine plant species in the mountain national parks of South Korea Pradeep Adhikari, Man-Seok Shin, Ja-Young Jeon, Hyun Woo Kim, Seungbum Hong and Changwan Seo* Abstract Background: Subalpine ecosystems at high altitudes and latitudes are particularly sensitive to climate change. In South Korea, the prediction of the species richness of subalpine plant species under future climate change is not well studied. Thus, this study aims to assess the potential impact of climate change on species richness of subalpine plant species (14 species) in the 17 mountain national parks (MNPs) of South Korea under climate change scenarios’ representative concentration pathways (RCP) 4.5 and RCP 8.5 using maximum entropy (MaxEnt) and Migclim for the years 2050 and 2070. Results: Altogether, 723 species occurrence points of 14 species and six selected variables were used in modeling. The models developed for all species showed excellent performance (AUC > 0.89 and TSS > 0.70). The results predicted a significant loss of species richness in all MNPs. Under RCP 4.5, the range of reduction was predicted to be 15.38–94.02% by 2050 and 21.42–96.64% by 2070. Similarly, under RCP 8.5, it will decline 15.38–97.9% by 2050 and 23.07–100% by 2070. The reduction was relatively high in the MNPs located in the central regions (Songnisan and Gyeryongsan), eastern region (Juwangsan), and southern regions (Mudeungsan, Wolchulsan, Hallasan, and Jirisan) compared to the northern and northeastern regions (Odaesan, Seoraksan, Chiaksan, and Taebaeksan).
    [Show full text]
  • Morphology and Morphogenesis of the Seed Cones of the Cupressaceae - Part II Cupressoideae
    1 2 Bull. CCP 4 (2): 51-78. (10.2015) A. Jagel & V.M. Dörken Morphology and morphogenesis of the seed cones of the Cupressaceae - part II Cupressoideae Summary The cone morphology of the Cupressoideae genera Calocedrus, Thuja, Thujopsis, Chamaecyparis, Fokienia, Platycladus, Microbiota, Tetraclinis, Cupressus and Juniperus are presented in young stages, at pollination time as well as at maturity. Typical cone diagrams were drawn for each genus. In contrast to the taxodiaceous Cupressaceae, in Cupressoideae outgrowths of the seed-scale do not exist; the seed scale is completely reduced to the ovules, inserted in the axil of the cone scale. The cone scale represents the bract scale and is not a bract- /seed scale complex as is often postulated. Especially within the strongly derived groups of the Cupressoideae an increased number of ovules and the appearance of more than one row of ovules occurs. The ovules in a row develop centripetally. Each row represents one of ascending accessory shoots. Within a cone the ovules develop from proximal to distal. Within the Cupressoideae a distinct tendency can be observed shifting the fertile zone in distal parts of the cone by reducing sterile elements. In some of the most derived taxa the ovules are no longer (only) inserted axillary, but (additionally) terminal at the end of the cone axis or they alternate to the terminal cone scales (Microbiota, Tetraclinis, Juniperus). Such non-axillary ovules could be regarded as derived from axillary ones (Microbiota) or they develop directly from the apical meristem and represent elements of a terminal short-shoot (Tetraclinis, Juniperus).
    [Show full text]