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Diplomarbeit View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by OTHES DIPLOMARBEIT Titel der Diplomarbeit Der Einfluss der Psychoanalyse auf die skandinavische Literatur - eine Analyse Verfasserin Claudia Maria Eller angestrebter akademischer Grad Magistra der Philosophie (Mag.phil.) Wien, 2012 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt: A 394 Studienrichtung lt. Studienblatt: Diplomstudium Skandinavistik Betreuer: emer. O. Univ.-Prof. Dr. Sven Hakon Rossel Danksagung Ich möchte mich herzlich bei meinem Professor Dr. Sven Hakon Rossel für die hervorragende Betreuung bedanken. Mein Dank gilt auch dem Jammerstammtisch, der immer eine große Hilfe war und meinen fleißigen Korrekturlesern. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1. Einleitung ...................................................................................................................................... 3 2. Die Psychoanalyse ........................................................................................................................ 6 2.1. Die Geschichte der Psychoanalyse ........................................................................................ 6 2.2. Die Grundzüge der Psychoanalyse nach Freud ..................................................................... 8 2.2.1. Der Traum ....................................................................................................................... 9 2.2.2. Die Triebentwicklung .................................................................................................... 10 2.2.3. Die Ichpsychologie ........................................................................................................ 11 2.2.4 Die Angst ........................................................................................................................ 11 2.3. Die Psychoanalyse in Skandinavien ..................................................................................... 12 2.3.1. Dänemark ..................................................................................................................... 13 2.3.2. Schweden ..................................................................................................................... 14 2.3.3. Norwegen ..................................................................................................................... 14 2.4. Wilhelm Reich und sein Einfluss auf die Psychoanalyse in Skandinavien ........................... 16 2.4.1. Wilhelm Reichs politische Einstellung .......................................................................... 16 2.4.2. Die Zeit in Skandinavien ............................................................................................... 17 3. Psychoanalyse und Literatur ...................................................................................................... 20 3.1. Psychoanalytische Methoden in der Literatur .................................................................... 21 3.2. Der Dichter und die Psychoanalyse ..................................................................................... 22 4. Dänemark: Hans Christian Branner ........................................................................................... 24 4.1. Biographie ............................................................................................................................ 24 4.2. Legetøj Inhaltsangabe ......................................................................................................... 25 4.3. Die Anwendung der Psychoanalyse im Roman Legetøj ...................................................... 28 4.3.1. Herman Kejser .............................................................................................................. 30 4.3.2. Martin Lind ................................................................................................................... 32 4.3.3. Überblick über die weiteren Personen ......................................................................... 36 4.3.4. Charakteristik für die Handlung wichtiger Personen ................................................... 37 4.3.4.1. Johan Feddersen .................................................................................................... 37 4.3.4.2. Ingolf Trane............................................................................................................ 39 4.3.4. Das Thema Kindheit in Legetøj ..................................................................................... 41 5. Norwegen: Sigurd Hoel ............................................................................................................... 45 1 5.1. Biographie ........................................................................................................................... 45 5.2. Synderen i sommersol ......................................................................................................... 46 5.2.1. Inhaltsangabe ............................................................................................................... 47 5.2.2. Die Psychoanalyse in Syndere i Sommersol ................................................................. 49 5.2.3. Syndere i sommersol als Zeitdokument ....................................................................... 53 5.2.4. Charakteristik wichtiger Personen ............................................................................... 55 5.2.4.1. Fredrik ................................................................................................................... 55 5.2.4.2. Alf und Erna ........................................................................................................... 57 5.2.4.3. Evelyn ................................................................................................................... 60 5.3. Sigurd Hoel und Wilhelm Reich ........................................................................................... 62 5.4. Veien til verdens ende ......................................................................................................... 64 6. Schweden: Karin Boye ................................................................................................................ 70 6.1. Biographie ........................................................................................................................... 70 6.2. Kallocain .............................................................................................................................. 71 6.2.1. Inhaltsangabe ............................................................................................................... 72 6.2.2. Charakteristik der Hauptpersonen............................................................................... 73 6.2.2.1. Leo Kall .................................................................................................................. 74 6.2.2.1.1. Leo Kall und der Staat .................................................................................... 74 6.2.2.1.2. Leo Kall und Edo Rissen .................................................................................. 77 6.2.2.1.3. Leo Kall und die Kallocainversuche ................................................................ 80 6.2.3. Die Anwendung der Psychoanalyse im Roman Kallocain ............................................ 86 6.2.4. Kallocain als Zeitdokument .......................................................................................... 91 7. Konklusion .................................................................................................................................. 93 8. Bibliographie ............................................................................................................................ 101 9. Anhang ..................................................................................................................................... 105 2 1. Einleitung Die Psychoanalyse […] haftet […] an den Tatsachen ihres Arbeitsgebietes, sucht die nächsten Probleme der Beobachtung zu lösen, tastet sich an der Erfahrung weiter, ist immer unfertig, immer bereit ihre Lehren zurechtzurücken oder abzuändern. Sie verträt es so gut wie die Physik oder die Chemie, daß ihre obersten Begriffe unklar, ihre Voraussetzungen vorläufig sind, und erwartet eine schärfere Bestimmung derselben von zukünftiger Arbeit.1 Die Psychoanalyse war und ist sogar bis in die heutige Zeit eine umstrittene Theorie und Weltansicht: „Immer wieder ist der Psychoanalyse vorgeworfen worden, sich nicht entscheiden zu können oder zu wollen, ob sie denn nun Geistes-, Sozial- oder Naturwissenschaft sein wolle, […]“2 Trotzdem hat Sigmund Freud mit der Psychoanalyse eine Theorie geschaffen, die eine neue Sichtweise auf die Vorgänge im Menschen ermöglicht. In einer Zeit, in der die viktorianische Gesellschaft bei psychischen Erkrankungen allgemein von Hysterie sprach, erreichte Freud mit der Psychoanalyse, deren grundlegende Themen sexuelle Triebe, das Unterbewusstsein, der Traum, die Angst und die Vorgänge in der Kindheit sind, einen großen Aufschrei in der Gesellschaft. Dieser neuen Umgang mit der Psyche des Menschen, seinen Trieben und tiefsten Wünschen und die damit verbundene Weltansicht inspirierte viele Künstler, Philosophen und Autoren diesen Denkansatz zur Grundlage ihrer Werke zu machen. Diese Diplomarbeit, die sich mit dem Einfluss der Psychoanalyse auf die skandinavische Literatur beschäftigt, stellt die Frage, ob man in den Ländern Skandinaviens einen unterschiedlichen Zugang zur Psychoanalyse
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