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Tussentijds Nominatiedossier Unesco Werelderfgoed Januari 2018

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Tussentijds Nominatiedossier Unesco Werelderfgoed Januari 2018 Tussentijds Nominatiedossier Unesco Werelderfgoed januari 2018 www.zonnestraalhilversum.nl VOORWOORD Arbeids- en nazorgkolonie Zonnestraal wordt al vanaf Zonnestraal wordt binnenkort overgedragen aan een de bouwtijd beschouwd als een uitzonderlijke schepping. nieuwe eigenaar. Ons doel is Zonnestraal als Wereld- De open en creatieve geesten van de initiatiefnemers erfgoed in stand te houden en internationaal uit te dragen hebben geresulteerd in een blijvend voorbeeld van de als blijvende inspiratiebron voor de wereld waarin nog integrale aanpak van de tuberculose epidemie. steeds 1,7 miljoen mensen jaarlijks aan tuberculose De samenwerking en de bereidheid grenzen op te zoeken, overlijden. hebben gezorgd voor de vooruitstrevende positie van Zonnestraal op het gebied van architectuur en bouwtech- Ik nodig u van harte uit om Zonnestraal te komen niek, op sociaalmaatschappelijk en cultureel vlak en in de bezoeken. medisch-psychische wereld. Willem van der Spek De concepten die in Zonnestraal werden geconcretiseerd Wethouder Cultureel Erfgoed gemeente Hilversum raken de actualiteit. Ik noem de toegankelijkheid van de gezondheidszorg voor iedereen ongeacht afkomst en levensovertuiging, het op grond van solidariteit meebeta- len aan de zorg voor de (zieke) medemens, en de holisti- sche benadering van de mens. Deze benadering kwam voort uit de overtuiging dat ontwikkeling en zelfredzaam- heid bijdragen aan re-integratie en aan een brede sociaal- maatschappelijke verbetering. De gelijke toegankelijkheid tot de geneesmiddelen zonlicht, lucht en ruimte werden door de ontwerpers letterlijk vertaald in alzijdig openge- werkte gebouwen. Alle omgevingsfactoren die van belang zijn voor het lichamelijk, geestelijk en sociaal herstel van de patiënt werden samengevoegd in een genezende omgeving. Zonnestraal is de belichaming van zelfgeorganiseerde solidariteit en samenwerking ten behoeve van een voor- Zonnestraal heeft internationale betekenis gekregen als uitstrevende en integrale aanpak van de tuberculose- ijkpunt in de ontwikkeling van de architectuur van de epidemie in het begin van de twintigste eeuw. Met de Moderne Beweging en als referentie voor de aanpak van gedurfde architectuur van de Moderne Beweging in een de restauratie van deze unieke gebouwen. In 1990 gaf genezende omgeving vormt Zonnestraal een baken in Zonnestraal de impuls voor de oprichting van het streven naar een gezonde toekomst voor iedereen. DOCOMOMO. 2 Voorwoord INHOUD pag. 1. Identificatieproperty 4 2. Begrenzing van property 6 en bufferzone 3. Historie 7 Uitzonderlijke Universele Waarde (OUV) Attributen 4. Vergelijkende Analyse 20 5. Integriteit en Authenticiteit 34 6. Beoogd siteholderschap 48 7. Bescherming en beheer 49 8. Draagvlak 52 9. Planning 55 10. Literatuur en archievenlijst 56 Bijlagen 1. Historie 58 2. Lijst vergelijkende analyse 75 3. Illustratie methodiek vergelijkende analyse 80 4. Inventarisatielijst vergelijkende analyse 82 5. Brief aan DOCOMOMO Working Parties 95 6. Convenant Siteholders 96 7. Zonnestraal Nieuws, eerste nieuwsbrief 99 www.zonnestraalhilversum.nl 8. Ruimtelijke verkenning ensemble Zonnestraal 101 Colofon 167 Inhoud 3 IDENTIFICATIE 1 PROPERTY Naam property Zonnestraal Componenten Zonnestraal Componenten hoofdaanleg landschap property De property omvat alle elementen die de outstanding • Bos met lanen- en padenstelsel, Ganzevoet universal value van Zonnestraal ondersteunen. • Aarden wal noordoost en oostzijde De property omvat zowel de gebouwde componenten als • Kwekerij (1911, 1920) het landschap. • Hoofdlaan (Loosdrechtse Bos) • Oprijlaan vanaf de hoofdlaan naar het hoofdgebouw Gebouwde componenten op het terrein die tot de • Wal en zichtlijn naar Dresselhuyspaviljoen property behoren • Oost-west georiënteerde lanen (Loosdrechtse Bos, Rading, Hoornboegsdrift, Sint Annepad) • Boswachterswoning, 1800 (in 1926 aangepast voor • Bosjuwelen: piramide (1911), droge vijver (1911), bewoning geneesheer-directeur) openluchttheater (1923) • Portierswoning, 1911 (in 1920 aangepast ten behoeve • Heide ten zuiden van het complex van hoofdgebouw en van het beheer van de kolonie Zonnestraal) paviljoens • Villa Pampahoeve met tuinen, 1911 (in 1919 geschikt gemaakt voor staf, in 1927 voor de opvang van de Ligging property eerste patiënten) Zonnestraal is gelegen in de gemeente Hilversum, • Complex van Hoofdgebouw, 1928; H. ter provincie Noord-Holland, Nederland. Meulenpaviljoen, 1928; H.C. Dresselhuyspaviljoen, 1931 Property en bufferzone hebben een omvang van 150,1 ha. • Werkplaatsen en mottoren, 1928-1931, 1934, 1940 De property heeft een omvang van 81,9 ha. • Dienstbodenhuis ‘het Koepeltje’, 1931 Coördinaten: 139000, 468090. • Boshutjes (4 van de oorspronkelijk ruim 30), v.a. 1929 • Nazorgwoningen, 1938 Categorie • Bank van Moppes-Rose, 1938 Zonnestraal behoort tot de cultural sites • Bunkerwoningen, 1942 (na de Tweede Wereldoorlog verbouwd tot nazorgwoningen) • Bank ‘Dank aan Ome Jan’, 1948 • Nazorgwoningen, 1952 • Inrijpoort hoofdingang hoofdlaan, na 1940 • Klok, 1978 Hoofdgebouw en Ter Meulenpaviljoen, 1931. 4 Identificatie property Portierswoning 1911 Hoofdingang Bunkerwoningen 1942 Nazorgwoningen en bank Moppes-Rose 1938 Bank Ome Jan 1948 Boswachterswoning 1800 Nazorgwoningen 1952 Werkplaatsen met mottoren 1927-1935, 1940 Dienstbodenhuis 1931 Klok Zonnestraal 1978 Villa Pampahoeve 1912 Hoofdgebouw 1928 Boshutten 1929-1935 Ter Meulenpaviljoen 1928 Dresselhuyspaviljoen 1931 Bouwkundige componenten Zonnestraal. Componenten in genezend landschap Zonnestraal. natuurverbinding hoofdlaan oude wal bos met lanenstructuur droge vijver openlucht theater Ganzevoet pyramide vingerplan werk- plaatsen zichtlijnen voedsel en dieren rugdekking dennebomen oprijlaan met ‘lus’ zichtlijnen villa Pampahoeve wal en zichtlijn Dresselhuyspaviljoen open zuidzijde Zonneheide uitzicht en wandelen Identificatie property 5 BEGRENZING PROPERTY 2 EN BUFFERZONE In het kerngebied liggen de componenten die de westhoek ligt de kavel van Doelzicht. Jan van Zutphen had outstanding universal value van arbeids- en nazorgkolonie hier uitzicht op Zonnestraal. Doelzicht, naar het ontwerp Zonnestraal ondersteunen. In het kerngebied bevinden van Duiker en Bijvoet, werd in 1939 door brand verwoest, zich de gebouwde componenten alsmede de landschap- herbouwd, en vervangen door een bungalow in 1950-1952 pelijke en aangelegde componenten die behoorden tot naar het ontwerp van Holt die in datzelfde jaar nazorg- de actieradius van de patiënten en een rol speelden in hun woningen ontwierp. genezingsproces. De bufferzone is zodanig gedefinieerd dat de waarde healing environment door de geïsoleerde ligging in het buitengebied behouden blijft. Van de kerk van Naarden werden de aan de westzijde gelegen bouwlanden aangekocht. Deze bouwlanden werden verhuurd om inkomsten te genereren en ondersteunden daarmee het self-sufficient karakter van Zonnestraal. De bufferzone wordt hier begrensd door de Rading, de weg tussen de gemeenten Hilversum en Loosdrecht (Wijde Meren), een historische lijn die de straalsgewijze ontginning en inrichting van het veengebied van Loosdrecht en de bebouwing afsluit. Het kerngebied wordt aan de noordoost- en zuidoostzijde geflankeerd door bos en heide. Aan de noordzijde ligt de ingang tot de eigen sfeer van het kerngebied. Het gebied tussen het kerngebied en de Loosdrechtseweg is tevens van belang voor de verbinding met de natuur ten noordwesten van de Loosdrechtseweg. Aan de zuidoostzijde ligt het beschermde natuurgebied de Hoorneboegse heide. Vanaf de Zonneheide of Tweede Heide, was Zonnestraal zichtbaar als ‘schip op de heide’. De funderingen van de verversingstent uit 1919 zijn nog aanwezig. In de zuid- Ingekleurde bestandskaart Zonnestraal, Ned. Heide Mij, 1919. Bestandskaart uit 1919 Projectie complex hoofdgebouw en paviljoens Kerngebied. Bufferzone. 6 Begrenzing property en bufferzone HISTORIE, UITZONDERLIJKE UNIVERSELE WAARDE (OUV) 3 EN ATTRIBUTEN 3.1 HISTORIE wel de eerste moderne vakbond van Nederland genoemd (Samenvatting; de volledige historie is te vinden in bijlage 1) – ging hierin echter veel verder. Waar veel ziekenfondsen zich beperkten tot het vergoeden van de huisarts en de Een uitzonderlijk initiatief apotheker ging de ANDB over tot het realiseren van een Aan het begin van de twintigste eeuw was tuberculose eigen arbeids- en nazorgkolonie ten behoeve van de terug- wereldwijd een grote bedreiging voor de volksgezondheid. keer in de maatschappij van door tbc getroffen diamant- In Nederland stierven rond 1900 tienduizend mensen aan bewerkers. deze besmettelijke ziekte. Ondanks de grote stappen die door de Nederlandse staat werden ondernomen – zoals de Tuberculose was een ziekte die veel diamantbewerkers trof. Gezondheids- en Woningwet van 1901 – hield deze zich In 1905 richtte ANDB-vakbondsman Jan van Zutphen daar- nagenoeg afzijdig bij de concrete bestrijding van tubercu- om de stichting Diamantbewerkers Koperen Stelenfonds lose. De aanpak van deze epidemie werd overgelaten aan “Nieuwe Levenskracht” (KSF) op. Doel was om geld bijeen het particulier initiatief en de – verzuilde – liefdadigheid. te brengen om sanatoria te kunnen stichten voor de arbei- ders die aan tuberculose leden. Het KSF overtuigde diamantbewerkers om de koperen stelen, een afvalproduct van het diamantbewerkingsproces, gezamenlijk in te zame- len en te verkopen ten behoeve van het fonds voor hun zieke collega’s. Ook de werkgevers droegen bij aan dit fonds. In 1917 verveelvoudigden de inkomsten voor het fonds toen het mogelijk werd om het afvalproduct boort (diamantslijpsel) terug te
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