U.S. EPA, Pesticide Product Label, 776 DISINFECTANT VIRUCIDE
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Chemical Disinfectants for Biohazardous Materials (3/21)
Safe Operating Procedure (Revised 3/21) CHEMICAL DISINFECTANTS FOR BIOHAZARDOUS MATERIALS ____________________________________________________________________________ Chemicals used for biohazardous decontamination are called sterilizers, disinfectants, sanitizers, antiseptics and germicides. These terms are sometimes equivalent, but not always, but for the purposes of this document all the chemicals described herein are disinfectants. The efficacy of every disinfectant is based on several factors: 1) organic load (the amount of dirt and other contaminants on the surface), 2) microbial load, 3) type of organism, 4) condition of surfaces to be disinfected (i.e., porous or nonporous), and 5) disinfectant concentration, pH, temperature, contact time and environmental humidity. These factors determine if the disinfectant is considered a high, intermediate or low-level disinfectant, in that order. Prior to selecting a specific disinfectant, consider the relative resistance of microorganisms. The following table provides information regarding chemical disinfectant resistance of various biological agents. Microbial Resistance to Chemical Disinfectants: Type of Microbe Examples Resistant Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (Mad Prions Cow) Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease Bacillus subtilis; Clostridium sporogenes, Bacterial Spores Clostridioides difficile Mycobacterium bovis, M. terrae, and other Mycobacteria Nontuberculous mycobacterium Poliovirus; Coxsackievirus; Rhinovirus; Non-enveloped or Small Viruses Adenovirus Trichophyton spp.; Cryptococcus sp.; -
Decontamination of Rooms, Medical Equipment and Ambulances Using an Aerosol of Hydrogen Peroxide Disinfectant B.M
Journal of Hospital Infection (2006) 62, 149–155 www.elsevierhealth.com/journals/jhin Decontamination of rooms, medical equipment and ambulances using an aerosol of hydrogen peroxide disinfectant B.M. Andersena,*, M. Rascha, K. Hochlina, F.-H. Jensenb, P. Wismarc, J.-E. Fredriksend aDepartment of Hospital Infection, Ulleva˚l University Hospital, Oslo, Norway bDivision of Pre-hospital Care, Ulleva˚l University Hospital, Oslo, Norway cDepartment of Medical Equipment, Ulleva˚l University Hospital, Oslo, Norway dHealth and Environment AS, Oslo, Norway Received 17 November 2004; accepted 1 July 2005 KEYWORDS Summary A programmable device (Sterinis, Gloster Sante Europe) Room decontamina- providing a dry fume of 5% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) disinfectant was tion; Ambulance tested for decontamination of rooms, ambulances and different types of decontamination; medical equipment. Pre-set concentrations were used according to the Medical equipment decontamination; volumes of the rooms and garages. Three cycles were performed with Hydrogen peroxide increasing contact times. Repetitive experiments were performed using fume decontamina- Bacillus atrophaeus (formerly Bacillus subtilis) Raven 1162282 spores to tion; Spore test control the effect of decontamination; after a sampling plan, spore strips were placed in various positions in rooms, ambulances, and inside and outside the items of medical equipment. Decontamination was effective in 87% of 146 spore tests in closed test rooms and in 100% of 48 tests in a surgical department when using three cycles. One or two cycles had no effect. The sporicidal effect on internal parts of the medical equipment was only 62.3% (220 tests). When the devices were run and ventilated during decontamination, 100% (57/57) of spore strips placed inside were decontaminated. -
Evaluating Disinfectants for Use Against the COVID-19 Virus
When it comes to choosing a disinfectant to combat the COVID-19 virus, research and health authorities suggest not all disinfectants are equally effective. The difference is in their active ingredient(s). HEALTH CANADA AND U.S. EPA ASSESSMENTS The work to evaluate disinfectants perhaps best starts with lists of approved disinfectants compiled by government health authorities. Health Canada has compiled a list of 85 hard surface disinfectant products (as of March 20, 2020) that meet their requirements for disinfection of emerging pathogens, including the virus that causes COVID-19. It can be accessed here. You can wade through the entire list. But if you locate the Drug Identification Number (DIN) on the disinfectant product label or the safety data sheet (SDS), then you can use the search function to quickly see if the product meets Health Canada requirements. A second list, updated on March 19, 2020, provides 287 products that meet the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) criteria for use against SARS-CoV-2, the novel coronavirus that causes the disease COVID-19. This list can be found here. Like the Health Canada list, you can wade through this one too. However, to best use this list, you should locate the U.S. EPA registration number on the product label or SDS, and use that number to search the list. The U.S. EPA registration number of a product consists of two sets of numbers separated by a hyphen. The first set of numbers refers to the company identification number, and the second set of numbers following the hyphen represents the product number. -
Safer Disinfectant Use in Child Care and Schools During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Safer Disinfectant Use in Child Care and Schools During the COVID-19 Pandemic Vickie Leonard, PhD Environmental Health in Early Care and Educaon Project, Western States Pediatric Environmental Health Specialty Unit (WSPEHSU) 1 Why Should We Be Concerned about Environmental Health in ECE? 2 Why Should We Be Concerned about Environmental Health in ECE? • There are 8 million children in child care centers in the U.S. A child may spend up to 12,500 hours in an ECE facility. A million child care providers work in these centers in the U.S. Half are child-bearing age. • Many toxicants found in child care facilities are not addressed in state child care health and safety regulations. • No agency at the state or federal level is charged with ensuring children’s health and safety in and around schools and ECE facilities. • No systematic means exists for collecting data on environmental exposures in these buildings. • Teachers have more protection in these buildings (unions, OSHA) than children do 3 Why Should We Be Concerned about Environmental Health in ECE? • Many people think that adults and children are exposed to, and affected by, toxic chemicals in the same way. • This is not the case. • Children • have higher exposures to toxicants in the environment, • are more vulnerable to the effects of those toxicants than adults. 4 Cleaning and Disinfec?ng Products: A Major Source of Exposure in Child Care and Schools • Products used to clean, sanitize and disinfect child care facilities and schools are a good example of the pervasive and unregulated use of toxic chemicals that put the health of our children at risk. -
Silver As a Drinking-Water Disinfectant
Silver as a drinking-water disinfectant Silver as a drinking-water disinfectant Alternative drinking-water disinfectants: silver ISBN 978-92-4-151369-2 © World Health Organization 2018 Some rights reserved. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo). Under the terms of this licence, you may copy, redistribute and adapt the work for non-commercial purposes, provided the work is appropriately cited, as indicated below. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that WHO endorses any specific organization, products or services. The use of the WHO logo is not permitted. If you adapt the work, then you must license your work under the same or equivalent Creative Commons licence. If you create a translation of this work, you should add the following disclaimer along with the suggested citation: “This translation was not created by the World Health Organization (WHO). WHO is not responsible for the content or accuracy of this translation. The original English edition shall be the binding and authentic edition”. Any mediation relating to disputes arising under the licence shall be conducted in accordance with the mediation rules of the World Intellectual Property Organization. Suggested citation. Alternative drinking-water disinfectants: bromine, iodine and silver. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. Cataloguing-in-Publication (CIP) data. CIP data are available at http://apps.who.int/iris. Sales, rights and licensing. To purchase WHO publications, see http://apps.who.int/bookorders. -
European Contact Lens Society of Ophthalmologists ECLSO
European Contact Lens Society of Ophthalmologists ECLSO Course de Base en Contactologie I – IV Basiskurs in Kontaktologie I - IV Dr. med. Albert Franceschetti, Genève Michael Bärtschi, M.Sc.Optom. et M.Med.Educ.,Bern Optics and Contact Lenses What should I know about optics and physiological optics when I fit contact lenses ? Visual acuity = 1.0 • US notation 20/20 (20 feet) • Metric notation 6/6 (6 meters) • Decimal 10/10 (Monoyer) • Logarythmic Distance spectacles-eye • The position of the contact lens is different in relation to the eye. This is obviously the first criterion to take into consideration. • According to the power of the spectacles, the difference ǻ between the power of spectacle lenses and the contact lenses will be more or less important. Formula • DL power of the glasses (supposed perfect DL correction) DCL = -------------- 1 – d D • DCL power of the contact L lens (lens + tear meniscus) • d distance between the lens and the contact lens • ǻ difference between the power DCL and DL ǻ • ǻ = DCL –DL is always positive • ǻ = DCL –DL increases if the distance eye- glasses increases • The value d can be superior to 12mm if one uses trial lenses or refractor. Variation of powers between the two systems (contact lenses and spectacle) Distance eye- DL -20 -15 -10 -8 -5 +4 +10 glasses -16.13 -12.71 -8.93 -7.30 -4.72 +4.20 +11.36 DCL d=12m 3.87 2.29 1.07 0.70 0.28 0.20 1.36 m ǻ -15.38 -12.24 -8.70 -7.14 -4.65 +4.26 +11.76 DCL D=15 ǻ 4.62 2.76 1.30 0.86 0.35 0.26 1.76 mm Magnification • The distance eye-spectacles versus eye contact lens being different, the magnification of the retinal image will be different. -
Infection Prevention & Control Chlorhexidine
Winnipeg Regional Health Authority Acute Care Infection Prevention & Control Manual INFECTION PREVENTION & CONTROL CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE CONCENTRATION FOR HAND HYGIENE COMMUNICATION FORM PART 1: ISSUE & RECOMMENDATIONS Issue: The WRHA Infection Prevention and Control program (IP&C) was requested to research and recommend acceptable concentrations of chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) (2% versus 4%) for hand hygiene in all programs within WRHA sites, to ensure appropriate products are being used, and facilitate standardization. Recommendations: Use 2% CHG hand cleansers for hand hygiene when antimicrobial hand soap is indicated. Do NOT use 4% CHG for hand hygiene as the minimal improvement in efficacy (from 2%), does not warrant the increased frequency of skin irritation and breakdown, which ultimately impedes effective hand hygiene practices. PART 2: BACKGROUND: DISCUSSION OF ISSUE, OPTIONS AND ANALYSIS & REFERENCES Discussion of Issue: There are several different hand hygiene products used within and between WRHA sites. All areas should adhere to recommended hand hygiene products, as determined by available evidence. There are differences in when specific hand hygiene products are indicated. It is important to identify the appropriate product to use for the appropriate reason, as supported by evidence. Options and Analysis: 1. CHG has a cumulative effect when applied to the skin. In hand hygiene, this effect remains and is sustained, especially when hand hygiene is repeated. 2% CHG is appropriate for hand antisepsis because of the cumulative effect.1 2. Literature regarding differences between 2% and 4% CHG identifies there is minimal difference in efficacy between 2% and 4% CHG for hand antisepsis and cleansing.2 3. The frequency of skin irritation is concentration dependent, with products containing 4% most likely to cause dermatitis when used frequently for hand antisepsis. -
Hatchery Disinfection Policy and Procedures
MAINE DEPARTMENT OF INLAND FISHERIES & WILDLIFE Chapter 11 Disinfection Policy & Procedures Editors: David C. Rayner, Fish Culture Supervisor, Governor Hill State Fish Hatchery, Augusta, Maine (19XX- Present) & G. Russell Danner MS, DVM, Fish Pathologist, Fish Health Laboratory, Augusta, Maine (1998 – Present) Date: September 24, 1999. “Or if a person touches anything ceremonially unclean-whether the carcasses of unclean wild animals or of unclean livestock or of unclean creatures that move along the ground-even though he is unaware of it, he has become unclean and is guilty” Lev. 5:2 Several factors should be included in an evaluation of a disinfectant. A prerequisite for a disinfectant is its effectiveness against the expected spectrum of pathogens (Table 11- 1, 11-2, and 11-3). A general guideline for effective killing of pathogens by a disinfectant is a 5-log killing of bacteria and a 4-log killing of viruses. In addition to the activity of the disinfectant, its compatibility with devices should be reviewed in detail; this should include a review of data on devices that have been immersed for longer than recommended times. Instruments can be forgotten after immersion, and this mistake should not necessarily result in irreparable damage to the device. Other issues are toxicity, odor, compatibility with other compounds, and residual activity. Various and numerous organisms can cause diseases in fish. Viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoan and many invertebrate animals are included in this list. No single disinfectant destroys them all. It is up to the applicant to decide what is the pathogen of most concern, and how it is to be reduced or eliminated. -
Chemical Disinfectants | Disinfection & Sterilization Guidelines | Guidelines Library | Infection Control | CDC 3/19/20, 14:52
Chemical Disinfectants | Disinfection & Sterilization Guidelines | Guidelines Library | Infection Control | CDC 3/19/20, 14:52 Infection Control Chemical Disinfectants Guideline for Disinfection and Sterilization in Healthcare Facilities (2008) Alcohol Overview. In the healthcare setting, “alcohol” refers to two water-soluble chemical compounds—ethyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol —that have generally underrated germicidal characteristics 482. FDA has not cleared any liquid chemical sterilant or high- level disinfectant with alcohol as the main active ingredient. These alcohols are rapidly bactericidal rather than bacteriostatic against vegetative forms of bacteria; they also are tuberculocidal, fungicidal, and virucidal but do not destroy bacterial spores. Their cidal activity drops sharply when diluted below 50% concentration, and the optimum bactericidal concentration is 60%–90% solutions in water (volume/volume) 483, 484. Mode of Action. The most feasible explanation for the antimicrobial action of alcohol is denaturation of proteins. This mechanism is supported by the observation that absolute ethyl alcohol, a dehydrating agent, is less bactericidal than mixtures of alcohol and water because proteins are denatured more quickly in the presence of water 484, 485. Protein denaturation also is consistent with observations that alcohol destroys the dehydrogenases of Escherichia coli 486, and that ethyl alcohol increases the lag phase of Enterobacter aerogenes 487 and that the lag phase e!ect could be reversed by adding certain amino acids. The bacteriostatic action was believed caused by inhibition of the production of metabolites essential for rapid cell division. Microbicidal Activity. Methyl alcohol (methanol) has the weakest bactericidal action of the alcohols and thus seldom is used in healthcare 488. The bactericidal activity of various concentrations of ethyl alcohol (ethanol) was examined against a variety of microorganisms in exposure periods ranging from 10 seconds to 1 hour 483. -
Guideline for Disinfection and Sterilization in Healthcare Facilities, 2008
Guideline for Disinfection and Sterilization in Healthcare Facilities, 2008 Guideline for Disinfection and Sterilization in Healthcare Facilities, 2008 William A. Rutala, Ph.D., M.P.H.1,2, David J. Weber, M.D., M.P.H.1,2, and the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC)3 1Hospital Epidemiology University of North Carolina Health Care System Chapel Hill, NC 27514 2Division of Infectious Diseases University of North Carolina School of Medicine Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7030 1 Guideline for Disinfection and Sterilization in Healthcare Facilities, 2008 3HICPAC Members Robert A. Weinstein, MD (Chair) Cook County Hospital Chicago, IL Jane D. Siegel, MD (Co-Chair) University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas, TX Michele L. Pearson, MD (Executive Secretary) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta, GA Raymond Y.W. Chinn, MD Sharp Memorial Hospital San Diego, CA Alfred DeMaria, Jr, MD Massachusetts Department of Public Health Jamaica Plain, MA James T. Lee, MD, PhD University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN William A. Rutala, PhD, MPH University of North Carolina Health Care System Chapel Hill, NC William E. Scheckler, MD University of Wisconsin Madison, WI Beth H. Stover, RN Kosair Children’s Hospital Louisville, KY Marjorie A. Underwood, RN, BSN CIC Mt. Diablo Medical Center Concord, CA This guideline discusses use of products by healthcare personnel in healthcare settings such as hospitals, ambulatory care and home care; the recommendations are not intended for consumer use of the products discussed. 2 -
Compatible Cleaning Solutions Chart*
Compatible Cleaning Solutions Chart* Reactive Chemicals Natural Rubber Polyurethane 316 Stainless Vinyl Nitrile FKM (Viton) Aluminum Neoprene Hypalon Silicone UHMW Hytrel Nitrile / SBR EPDM Nylon Brass XLPE Steel PTFE CPE Fluid PVC Notes: Alcohols +++++++–+–+– +++++ • Ingredient in Some (Methanol & Ethanol) Anti-Viral Cleansers Bleaching and Cleaning Bleach Solution + + • ••––– • + • – + • • – – – + – – Agent; Sodium (Sodium Hypochlorite) Hypochlorite Butyl Alcohol + + • + + + + + + + – + + + + + + + + + Potent virucidal agent Chlorine – – – – – – + + – – • • • Antiseptic; Anti-Viral – + + + + + ••– • + + • + + + + • + – – Insecticides and Citric Acid disinfectants; Antiviral Copper Chloride – + + + ••+++++++++++ +–– Copper Chloride Ethyl Alcohol + + + + + + + + • + • + + + + + + • + + + • + Ingredient in Some (Ethanol) Anti-Viral Cleansers Toilet, Tile and Porcelain Hydrochloric Acid +++–––––++–+++–––––– Cleaner; Anti-Viral (Polio) Hydrogen Peroxide + • – – – – – + • + – + • • – + • • ••–– Multipurpose Cleaner +++ –++–+––+ • ••–––– Antiseptic; Antiviral Iodine (Polio) + + + + ••+++–++++++++++++ Ingredient in Some Isopropyl Alcohol Anti-Viral Cleansers Phenol + • – – – – – – + – – + + + – – + + • + ••– Anti-Virus (Rhinovirus) (Carbolic Acid) (Adenovirus) Sodium Chloride ++++++++++++++++ • + – • Anti-Virus Sodium Hypochlorite ••+++––––++– • + + – – – ••–– Bleaching and Cleaning Agent (Bleach) Quaternary Ammonium + + + + + + + Common Anti-Viral; Salts (Lysol) Benzalkonium Chloride (Lysol) Lactic Acid – + • + – + + • + • • + + – + + + – -
US EPA, Pesticide Product Label, XHC-IA,06/07/2018
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY WASHINGTON, DC 20460 OFFICE OF CHEMICAL SAFETY AND POLLUTION PREVENTION June 7, 2018 Bridget Middleton, M.S. Regulatory Specialist Ecolab Inc. 1 Ecolab Place St. Paul, MN 55102 Subject: PRIA Label Amendment – Adding Efficacy Claims and Emerging Viral Pathogens Language Product Name: XHC-IA EPA Registration Number: 1677-249 Application Date: January 16, 2018 Decision Number: 537595 Dear Ms. Middleton: The amended label referred to above, submitted in connection with registration under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act, as amended, is acceptable. This approval does not affect any conditions that were previously imposed on this registration. You continue to be subject to existing conditions on your registration and any deadlines connected with them. A stamped copy of your labeling is enclosed for your records. This labeling supersedes all previously accepted labeling. You must submit one copy of the final printed labeling before you release the product for shipment with the new labeling. In accordance with 40 CFR 152.130(c), you may distribute or sell this product under the previously approved labeling for 18 months from the date of this letter. After 18 months, you may only distribute or sell this product if it bears this new revised labeling or subsequently approved labeling. “To distribute or sell” is defined under FIFRA section 2(gg) and its implementing regulation at 40 CFR 152.3. Because you have opted to add statements pertaining to emerging viral pathogens to your label as described in the August 19, 2016, Guidance to Registrants: Process For Making Claims Against Emerging Viral Pathogens Not On EPA-Registered Disinfectant Labels (“Guidance”), https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016- 09/documents/emerging_viral_pathogen_program_guidance_final_8_19_16_001_0.pdf, you are subject to the following additional terms of registration: 1.