CarrotDiverse meeting Braga PT, 4-5 july 2017

Wild carrot in France : Collection & genetic diversity

Geoffriau E.1, J.-P. Reduron2 , A. Chaput-Bardy 2, M. Maghraoui1, M. Jourdan1,4, S. Huet1, C. Dubois-Laurent1, A. Suel1, A. Delage5, V. Le Clerc1, D. Peltier4, M. Briard1

1 Agrocampus Ouest, UMR 1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Angers 2Via Apia, Mulhouse 3 Université d’Angers, Groupe écologie et conservation des vertébrés, Angers 4 Université d’Angers, UMR 1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Angers 5Conservatoire Botanique National de Corse, Office de l’Environnement de la Corse, Corte

1 Genetic resources networks in France

Carrot

Carrot and other Daucus genetic resources network Vegetable Apiaceae collections of Center for biological resources

253 cultivated patrimonial accessions 194 carrot wild relatives accessions

Angers, France 2 Collecting activities in continental France and Corsica - 2002-2014

-> 150 accessions - Coll Botanical conservation centers - 2 main biotopes

3 Prospections in continental France and Corsica - Herbarium work Prospections in continental France and Corsica - Biotopes / taxon

var carota, Auvergne Prospections in continental France and Corsica -Biotopes / taxon

var gummifer, Brittany Prospections in continental France and Corsica - Biotopes / taxon

Subsp commutatus, Corsica Prospections in continental France and Corsica - Biotopes / taxon

Subsp drepanensis, Corsica Wild carrot in France

V Large geographical distribution V Several levels of complexity : environmental plasticity, high diversity, hybridization V Taxonomical organization

carota

sativus maritimus carota mauritanicus carota

Daucus carota

gadecaei gummifer gummifer fontanesii gummifer

commutatus drepanensis hispanicus hispanicus brachycaulos linearis Species Subgroup Subspecies Var 9 Taxonomical classification in the Daucus carota complex on the french territory (adapted from Reduron, 2007) Criteria for subgroups in Daucus carota L.

Subgroup carota Subgroup gummifer

- Bisannual or annual - Often pluriannual - Upright - Stocky - Not gummy - Gummy - Thin & dull leaves - Thick and shiny leaves - Narrow segments - Broad segments - Leaf gradient present - Leaf gradient weak - Linear bracts - Lanceolate bracts - Umbel in nest (fruit) - Umbel spread (fruit) - Thin rays - Thick rays - Fruit > 2 x long/large - Fruit < 2 x long/large - Thin and elongated spines, - Shorter and arched spines, not confluent at the base often confluent at the base - Continental (or sea-coast) - Always sea-coast

(Reduron, 2007) [subgroup = group of various subspecies and varieties] 10 Diversity based on morphological traits

19 Morph. traits -General habit (3) La Gaillarde Paratta -Leaf (5) var gummifer -Flowering umbel (4) Atlantic Antibes -Fruiting umbel (2) var carota -Fruit (5) Porquerolles cont. France 30 populations

Marseille, La ciotat Carota Porto Gadecaei St P Quiberon Carota Nimes Carota Marmuntagja

leucate

Calanque d’en Vau

Canet

ssp maritimus Vic gardiole Southern France

11 Conclusions

-Importance of morphological traits for taxonomy and management -SSR markers complementary

-Need for characterization effort of accessions -Strategy for PGR conservation and valorization Acknowledgements

Conservatoires Botaniques Nationaux: Porquerolles, Brest, Bailleul,

13 Carrot diverse meeting Braga PT, 4-5 july 2017

Wild carrot in France : Management practices

Geoffriau E. 1, S. Huet 1, C. Dubois-Laurent 1 , J.-P. Reduron 2

1 IRHS, Agrocampus Ouest, INRA, Université d’Angers, Angers 2Via Apia, Mulhouse

14 Seed collecting

- Big enough populations - Collecting seeds on > 80 plants - Randomized collecting - No selection - Biotope and population criteria registration - Mature seeds - Collaboration with botanical conservatories

15 Seed conservation & germination

- 4°C, 40% RH - No spine cleaning - Various level of dormancy - Seed washing before sowing or germination test - Germination wild seeds : 30 to 80%...

16 Seed production

- Short list of typical populations - Adapted cycle - Comparison wild/agronomic seeds

17 Sowing in trays

18 Carrotdiverse trial Angers 2017

19 Stability of traits (field/nature) & characterization

20 The issue of taxonomical identification

subsp gadecaei

21 Control No : gummifer No : gummifer The issue of taxonomical identification

subsp commutatus

22 Control Yes yes No : gummifer Conclusions

- Wild carrot different management from cultivated - Need for an adapted germination test - Importance of taxonomic verification

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