The Evolution, Diversity and Host Associations of Rhabdoviruses
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Nuisance Insects and Climate Change
www.defra.gov.uk Nuisance Insects and Climate Change March 2009 Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Nobel House 17 Smith Square London SW1P 3JR Tel: 020 7238 6000 Website: www.defra.gov.uk © Queen's Printer and Controller of HMSO 2007 This publication is value added. If you wish to re-use this material, please apply for a Click-Use Licence for value added material at http://www.opsi.gov.uk/click-use/value-added-licence- information/index.htm. Alternatively applications can be sent to Office of Public Sector Information, Information Policy Team, St Clements House, 2-16 Colegate, Norwich NR3 1BQ; Fax: +44 (0)1603 723000; email: [email protected] Information about this publication and further copies are available from: Local Environment Protection Defra Nobel House Area 2A 17 Smith Square London SW1P 3JR Email: [email protected] This document is also available on the Defra website and has been prepared by Centre of Ecology and Hydrology. Published by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs 2 An Investigation into the Potential for New and Existing Species of Insect with the Potential to Cause Statutory Nuisance to Occur in the UK as a Result of Current and Predicted Climate Change Roy, H.E.1, Beckmann, B.C.1, Comont, R.F.1, Hails, R.S.1, Harrington, R.2, Medlock, J.3, Purse, B.1, Shortall, C.R.2 1Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, 2Rothamsted Research, 3Health Protection Agency March 2009 3 Contents Summary 5 1.0 Background 6 1.1 Consortium to perform the work 7 1.2 Objectives 7 2.0 -
Viral Haemorrhagic Septicaemia Virus (VHSV): on the Search for Determinants Important for Virulence in Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss
Downloaded from orbit.dtu.dk on: Nov 08, 2017 Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV): on the search for determinants important for virulence in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss Olesen, Niels Jørgen; Skall, H. F.; Kurita, J.; Mori, K.; Ito, T. Published in: 17th International Conference on Diseases of Fish And Shellfish Publication date: 2015 Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link back to DTU Orbit Citation (APA): Olesen, N. J., Skall, H. F., Kurita, J., Mori, K., & Ito, T. (2015). Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV): on the search for determinants important for virulence in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. In 17th International Conference on Diseases of Fish And Shellfish: Abstract book (pp. 147-147). [O-139] Las Palmas: European Association of Fish Pathologists. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. DISCLAIMER: The organizer takes no responsibility for any of the content stated in the abstracts. -
The Evolution, Diversity, and Host Associations of Rhabdoviruses Ben Longdon,1,* Gemma G
Virus Evolution, 2015, 1(1): vev014 doi: 10.1093/ve/vev014 Research article The evolution, diversity, and host associations of rhabdoviruses Ben Longdon,1,* Gemma G. R. Murray,1 William J. Palmer,1 Jonathan P. Day,1 Darren J Parker,2,3 John J. Welch,1 Darren J. Obbard4 and Francis M. Jiggins1 1 2 Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EH, School of Biology, University of Downloaded from St Andrews, St Andrews, KY19 9ST, UK, 3Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyva¨skyla¨, Jyva¨skyla¨, Finland and 4Institute of Evolutionary Biology, and Centre for Immunity Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, UK *Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected] http://ve.oxfordjournals.org/ Abstract Metagenomic studies are leading to the discovery of a hidden diversity of RNA viruses. These new viruses are poorly characterized and new approaches are needed predict the host species these viruses pose a risk to. The rhabdoviruses are a diverse family of RNA viruses that includes important pathogens of humans, animals, and plants. We have discovered thirty-two new rhabdoviruses through a combination of our own RNA sequencing of insects and searching public sequence databases. Combining these with previously known sequences we reconstructed the phylogeny of 195 rhabdovirus by guest on December 14, 2015 sequences, and produced the most in depth analysis of the family to date. In most cases we know nothing about the biology of the viruses beyond the host they were identified from, but our dataset provides a powerful phylogenetic approach to predict which are vector-borne viruses and which are specific to vertebrates or arthropods. -
The Effects of Burial of a Body on the Growth of Blowfly Larvae and Pupate
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by LJMU Research Online 1 The colonisation of remains by the muscid flies Muscina stabulans (Fallén) and Muscina prolapsa (Harris) (Diptera: Muscidae) Alan Gunn* School of Natural Sciences & Psychology, John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK. *Corresponding Author: [email protected] ABSTRACT In the field, the muscid flies Muscina stabulans (Fallén) and Muscina prolapsa (Harris) only colonised buried baits in June, July and August. The two-species co- occurred on baits buried at 5cm but only M. prolapsa colonised baits buried at 10cm. Other species of insect were seldom recovered from buried baits regardless of the presence or absence of Muscina larvae. In the laboratory, both M. stabulans and M. prolapsa preferentially colonised liver baits on the soil surface compared to those buried at 5cm. Baits buried in dry soil were not colonised by either species whilst waterlogged soil severely reduced colonisation but did not prevent it entirely. Dry liver presented on the soil surface was colonised and supported growth to adulthood but if there was no surrounding medium in which the larvae could burrow then they died within 24 hours. M. stabulans showed a consistent preference for ovipositing on decaying liver rather than fresh liver, even when it had decayed for 41 days. The results for M. prolapsa were more variable but it was also capable of developing on both fresh and very decayed remains. Blood-soaked soil and dead slugs and snails stimulated egg-laying by both species and supported larval growth to adulthood. -
Characterization of Perch Rhabdovirus (PRV) in Farmed Grayling Thymallus Thymallus
Vol. 106: 117–127, 2013 DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS Published October 11 doi: 10.3354/dao02654 Dis Aquat Org FREEREE ACCESSCCESS Characterization of perch rhabdovirus (PRV) in farmed grayling Thymallus thymallus Tuija Gadd1,*, Satu Viljamaa-Dirks2, Riikka Holopainen1, Perttu Koski3, Miia Jakava-Viljanen1,4 1Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira, Mustialankatu 3, 00790 Helsinki, Finland 2Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira, Neulaniementie, 70210 Kuopio, Finland 3Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira, Elektroniikkatie 3, 90590 Oulu, Finland 4Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, PO Box 30, 00023 Government, Finland ABSTRACT: Two Finnish fish farms experienced elevated mortality rates in farmed grayling Thy- mallus thymallus fry during the summer months, most typically in July. The mortalities occurred during several years and were connected with a few neurological disorders and peritonitis. Viro- logical investigation detected an infection with an unknown rhabdovirus. Based on the entire gly- coprotein (G) and partial RNA polymerase (L) gene sequences, the virus was classified as a perch rhabdovirus (PRV). Pairwise comparisons of the G and L gene regions of grayling isolates revealed that all isolates were very closely related, with 99 to 100% nucleotide identity, which suggests the same origin of infection. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that they were closely related to the strain isolated from perch Perca fluviatilis and sea trout Salmo trutta trutta caught from the Baltic Sea. The entire G gene sequences revealed that all Finnish grayling isolates, and both the perch and sea trout isolates, were most closely related to a PRV isolated in France in 2004. According to the partial L gene sequences, all of the Finnish grayling isolates were most closely related to the Danish isolate DK5533 from pike. -
Bacterial and Viral Fish Diseases in Turkey
www.trjfas.org ISSN 1303-2712 Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 14: 275-297 (2014) DOI: 10.4194/1303-2712-v14_1_30 REVIEW Bacterial and Viral Fish Diseases in Turkey Rafet Çagrı Öztürk1, İlhan Altınok1,* 1 Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Marine Science, Department of Fisheries Technology Engineering, 61530 Surmene, Trabzon, Turkey. * Corresponding Author: Tel.: +90.462 3778083; Fax: +90.462 7522158; Received 1 January 2014 E-mail: [email protected] Accepted 28 February 2014 Abstract This review summarizes the state of knowledge about the major bacterial and viral pathogens of fish found in Turkey. It also considers diseases prevention and treatment. In this study, peer reviewed scientific articles, theses and dissertations, symposium proceedings, government records as well as recent books, which published between 1976 and 2013 were used as a source to compile dispersed literature. Bacterial and viral disease problems were investigated during this period in Turkey. Total of 48 pathogen bacteria and 5 virus species have been reported in Turkey. It does mean that all the bacteria and virus present in fish have been covered since every year new disease agents have been isolated. The highest outbreaks occurred in larval and juvenile stages of the fish. This article focused on geographical distribution, host range, and occurrence year of pathogenic bacteria and virus species. Vibriosis, Furunculosis, Motile Aeromonas Septicemia, Yersiniosis, Photobacteriosis and Flavobacteriosis are among the most frequently reported fish diseases. Meanwhile, Vagococcus salmoninarum, Renibacterium salmoninarum, Piscirickettsia salmonis and Pseudomonas luteola are rarely encountered pathogens and might be emerging disease problems. Finally, the current status in fish diseases prevention and their treatment strategies are also addressed. -
The Evolutionary Life History of P Transposons: from Horizontal Invaders to Domesticated Neogenes
Chromosoma (2001) 110:148–158 DOI 10.1007/s004120100144 CHROMOSOMA FOCUS Wilhelm Pinsker · Elisabeth Haring Sylvia Hagemann · Wolfgang J. Miller The evolutionary life history of P transposons: from horizontal invaders to domesticated neogenes Received: 5 February 2001 / In revised form: 15 March 2001 / Accepted: 15 March 2001 / Published online: 3 May 2001 © Springer-Verlag 2001 Abstract P elements, a family of DNA transposons, are uct of their self-propagating lifestyle. One of the most known as aggressive intruders into the hitherto uninfected intensively studied examples is the P element of Dro- gene pool of Drosophila melanogaster. Invading through sophila, a family of DNA transposons that has proved horizontal transmission from an external source they useful not only as a genetic tool (e.g., transposon tag- managed to spread rapidly through natural populations ging, germline transformation vector), but also as a model within a few decades. Owing to their propensity for rapid system for investigating general features of the evolu- propagation within genomes as well as within popula- tionary behavior of mobile DNA (Kidwell 1994). P ele- tions, they are considered as the classic example of self- ments were first discovered as the causative agent of hy- ish DNA, causing havoc in a genomic environment per- brid dysgenesis in Drosophila melanogaster (Kidwell et missive for transpositional activity. Tracing the fate of P al. 1977) and were later characterized as a family of transposons on an evolutionary scale we describe differ- DNA transposons -
Aquatic Animal Viruses Mediated Immune Evasion in Their Host T ∗ Fei Ke, Qi-Ya Zhang
Fish and Shellfish Immunology 86 (2019) 1096–1105 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Fish and Shellfish Immunology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/fsi Aquatic animal viruses mediated immune evasion in their host T ∗ Fei Ke, Qi-Ya Zhang State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Viruses are important and lethal pathogens that hamper aquatic animals. The result of the battle between host Aquatic animal virus and virus would determine the occurrence of diseases. The host will fight against virus infection with various Immune evasion responses such as innate immunity, adaptive immunity, apoptosis, and so on. On the other hand, the virus also Virus-host interactions develops numerous strategies such as immune evasion to antagonize host antiviral responses. Here, We review Virus targeted molecular and pathway the research advances on virus mediated immune evasions to host responses containing interferon response, NF- Host responses κB signaling, apoptosis, and adaptive response, which are executed by viral genes, proteins, and miRNAs from different aquatic animal viruses including Alloherpesviridae, Iridoviridae, Nimaviridae, Birnaviridae, Reoviridae, and Rhabdoviridae. Thus, it will facilitate the understanding of aquatic animal virus mediated immune evasion and potentially benefit the development of novel antiviral applications. 1. Introduction Various antiviral responses have been revealed [19–22]. How they are overcome by different viruses? Here, we select twenty three strains Aquatic viruses have been an essential part of the biosphere, and of aquatic animal viruses which represent great harms to aquatic ani- also a part of human and aquatic animal lives. -
Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus
Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus Figure 1 microscopic look at viral hemorrhagic septicemia courtesy of http://cpw.state.co.us/learn/Pages/AAHLEmergingDiseasesIssues.aspx Jared Remington Aquatic Invasion Ecology University of Washington Fish 423 A Autumn 2014 December 5, 2014 Classification conducted by examining infected fish. Living specimens will appear either lethargic or over Order: Mononegavirales active, making sporadic movements, such as circles or corkscrews. Deceased specimens can Family: Rhabdoviridae appear dark in color, have pale gills, bloated Genus: Novirhabdovirus abdomen, fluid filled body cavity, bulging eyes, and most notably external and internal Species: Undescribed hemorrhaging or bleeding. External hemorrhaging will typically take place around Known by the common name Viral the base of fins, eyes, gills, and the skin. Internal Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus, or in Europe hemorrhaging can be found in the intestines, air Egtved disease, you may find it abbreviated as bladder, kidneys, liver, heart, and flesh VHSV, VHSv, or VHS. Viral Hemorrhagic (McAllister, 1990; Marty et al., 1998; Kipp& Septicemia is part of the family Rhabdoviridae Ricciardi, 2006; Bartholomew, et al. 2011). which also includes the famous rabies virus which can affect humans and other mammals. Not to worry VHS does cannot infect humans, handling or consuming and infected fish will not result in contraction of the virus. The virus is exclusive to fishes. VHS is related to another famous fish killer, the infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus, both are part of the genus Novirhabdovirus. Identification Much like other rhabdoviruses, viral hemorrhagic septicemia (VHS) contains RNA within a bullet/cylindrical shaped shell made of Photo contains gizzard shad infected with viral glycoprotein G, the virus ranges from about 170- hemorrhagic septicemia, visual external 180nm long and 60-70nm wide (Elsayad et al. -
Forensically Important Muscidae (Diptera) Associated with Decomposition of Carcasses and Corpses in the Czech Republic
MENDELNET 2016 FORENSICALLY IMPORTANT MUSCIDAE (DIPTERA) ASSOCIATED WITH DECOMPOSITION OF CARCASSES AND CORPSES IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC VANDA KLIMESOVA1, TEREZA OLEKSAKOVA1, MIROSLAV BARTAK1, HANA SULAKOVA2 1Department of Zoology and Fisheries Czech University of Life Sciences Prague (CULS) Kamycka 129, 165 00 Prague 6 – Suchdol 2Institute of Criminalistics Prague (ICP) post. schr. 62/KUP, Strojnicka 27, 170 89 Prague 7 CZECH REPUBLIC [email protected] Abstract: In years 2011 to 2015, three field experiments were performed in the capital city of Prague to study decomposition and insect colonization of large cadavers in conditions of the Central Europe. Experiments in turns followed decomposition in outdoor environments with the beginning in spring, summer and winter. As the test objects a cadaver of domestic pig (Sus scrofa f. domestica Linnaeus, 1758) weighing 50 kg to 65 kg was used for each test. Our paper presents results of family Muscidae, which was collected during all three studies, with focusing on its using in forensic practice. Altogether 29,237 specimens of the muscids were collected, which belonged to 51 species. It was 16.6% (n = 307) of the total number of Muscidae family which are recorded in the Czech Republic. In all experiments the species Hydrotaea ignava (Harris, 1780) was dominant (spring = 75%, summer = 81%, winter = 41%), which is a typical representative of necrophagous fauna on animal cadavers and human corpses in outdoor habitats during second and/or third successional stages (active decay phase) in the Czech Republic. Key Words: Muscidae, Diptera, forensic entomology, pyramidal trap INTRODUCTION Forensic or criminalistic entomology is the science discipline focusing on specific groups of insect for forensic and law investigation needs (Eliášová and Šuláková 2012). -
Immune Response Modulation Upon Sequential Heterogeneous Co
Fish and Shellfish Immunology 88 (2019) 375–390 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Fish and Shellfish Immunology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/fsi Full length article Immune response modulation upon sequential heterogeneous co-infection T with Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae and VHSV in brown trout (Salmo trutta) ∗ Bartolomeo Gorgoglionea,b, ,1, Nick G.H. Taylorb, Jason W. Hollanda,2, Stephen W. Feistb, ∗∗ Christopher J. Secombesa, a Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Scotland, UK b CEFAS Weymouth Laboratory, The Nothe, Weymouth, Dorset, England, UK ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Simultaneous and sequential infections often occur in wild and farming environments. Despite growing Co-infections awareness, co-infection studies are still very limited, mainly to a few well-established human models. European Host-pathogen interaction salmonids are susceptible to both Proliferative Kidney Disease (PKD), an endemic emergent disease caused by Response to pathogens the myxozoan parasite Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae, and Viral Haemorrhagic Septicaemia (VHS), an OIE no- Fish immunology tifiable listed disease caused by the Piscine Novirhabdovirus. No information is available as to how their immune Salmonids system reacts when interacting with heterogeneous infections. A chronic (PKD) + acute (VHS) sequential co- Proliferative kidney disease Myxozoa infection model was established to assess if the responses elicited in co-infected fish are modulated, when Piscine Novirhabdovirus compared to fish with single infections. Macro- and microscopic lesions were assessed after the challenge, and Histopathology infection status confirmed by RT-qPCR analysis, enabling the identification of singly-infected and co-infected Th subsets fish. A typical histophlogosis associated with histozoic extrasporogonic T. -
Arthropods of Public Health Significance in California
ARTHROPODS OF PUBLIC HEALTH SIGNIFICANCE IN CALIFORNIA California Department of Public Health Vector Control Technician Certification Training Manual Category C ARTHROPODS OF PUBLIC HEALTH SIGNIFICANCE IN CALIFORNIA Category C: Arthropods A Training Manual for Vector Control Technician’s Certification Examination Administered by the California Department of Health Services Edited by Richard P. Meyer, Ph.D. and Minoo B. Madon M V C A s s o c i a t i o n of C a l i f o r n i a MOSQUITO and VECTOR CONTROL ASSOCIATION of CALIFORNIA 660 J Street, Suite 480, Sacramento, CA 95814 Date of Publication - 2002 This is a publication of the MOSQUITO and VECTOR CONTROL ASSOCIATION of CALIFORNIA For other MVCAC publications or further informaiton, contact: MVCAC 660 J Street, Suite 480 Sacramento, CA 95814 Telephone: (916) 440-0826 Fax: (916) 442-4182 E-Mail: [email protected] Web Site: http://www.mvcac.org Copyright © MVCAC 2002. All rights reserved. ii Arthropods of Public Health Significance CONTENTS PREFACE ........................................................................................................................................ v DIRECTORY OF CONTRIBUTORS.............................................................................................. vii 1 EPIDEMIOLOGY OF VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES ..................................... Bruce F. Eldridge 1 2 FUNDAMENTALS OF ENTOMOLOGY.......................................................... Richard P. Meyer 11 3 COCKROACHES ...........................................................................................