DOCSLIB.ORG

Cities of Paul & Mediterranean Cruise April 26 – May

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Cities of Paul & Mediterranean Cruise April 26 – May bus'will'take'you'to'Kusadasi.'There'will'be'time'for'browsing' Day$11$$ and'shopping'once'back'in'town.''' After'breakfast'transfer'from'your'Hotel'to'the'Airport'in'Rome' Cities of Paul 'Day$8$$ for'your'return'flight'home,'arriving'the'same'day.'' Arrive'in'the'morning'in'Chania'port.'Chania'is'the'second' largest'city'of'Crete'and'the'capital'of'the'Chania'regional'unit.' Tour to Include: & Your'tour'begins'at'the'Port'of'Souda'where'you'join'the'coach' ! Airfare$ en'route'to'the'British'Commonwealth'War'Cemetery,'which' o Round'trip'airfare'from'Pensacola'To'Rome' lies'three'miles'to'the'east'of'Chania'on'a'small'plateau,'just' ! Hotel$Rome$ Mediterranean Cruise above'sea'level'on'the'eastern'rim'of'Souda'Bay.'It'is'the'last' o Two'Nights$ resting'place'of'1,527'of'the'known'2,000'British' ! Inside$Cabin$7$Night$$Royal$Caribean$Cruise$ Commonwealth'war'dead.'The'majority'of'who'lost'their'lives'in' o Cabin'Upgrades'Available$ the'Battle'of'Crete'between'the'Allied'and'German'forces'for' o Single'occupancy'available$ control'of'Crete'between'the'dates'of'May'20']'31,'1941.'A'stop' o Meals,'Etc.'on'board$ for'photos'will'be'made.'' ! Tour$Bus,$Tour$Guide$ Your'tour'continues'to'Ag.'Triada'Monastery'(Holy'Trinity)'of' o Rome$ Jagarolon,'which'is'one'of'the'most'significant'monastic' o Athens$ complexes'from'the'end'of'the'Venetian'Occupation'of'Crete.'It' o Corinth$ contains'a'rich'offering'to'the'history'and'education'of'Crete.' o Ephesus$ April 26 – May 6, Discover'in'the'east'suburbs'of'Chania'on'the'hill'of'Profiti'Elia' o Crete$ (Prophet'Elijah)'Venizelos'Tombs'where'are'buried'one'of'the' ! Meals$ most'significant'politicians'of'modern'Greece,'Eleftherios'and' o Dinner'and'Breakfasts'in'Rome$ 2013 his'son'Sofoklis'Venizelos.'Continue'your'tour'to'the'Chania' o All'meals'on'board'ship$ town,'where'neoclassical'mansions'and'massive'Venetian' ! Not$Included$ Guest Teacher: Marilyn Hickey o Cabin'Upgrade$ fortifications'testify'to'the'city's'turbulent'and'diverse'past.' There'you'will'have'the'chance'to'explore'independently'town,' o Single'Occupancy'Charge$ before'you'return'back'to'the'port.' o Taxes$ Day$9'' o Fees$ This'day'will'be'a'cruising'day.'' o Gratuities'on'ship$ Day$10$$ o Gratuities'for'Guides'and'Drivers$ Today'you'disembark'from'the'cruise'ship'and'you'will'admire' o Amounts'will'be'given'ahead'time'and'paid' the'architectural'miracles'of'Christian'Rome.'Your'first'visit'will' before'departure$ be'to'the'Vatican'Museum'and'the'Sistine'Chapel'the'celebrated' o Lunches'while'touring$ Chapel'of'the'Popes'and'the'venue'of'the'Conclaves'for'Papal' Costs:' Hosts: Dr. Evon & Deborah Horton elections.'It'is'one'of'the'most'splendid'masterpieces'in'the' ! Per'person' ' $2,999.00' history'of'art'and'is'well'known'around'the'world'for'its' ! Taxes' ' ' ''''''210.00' magnificent'ceiling,'beautifully'decorated'by'Michelangelo.' ! Gratuities'' ' ''''''140.00$ Terms:$ From'here,'your'next'visit'will'be'to'the'Basilica'of'St.'Peter,'the' largest'church'in'the'world,'which'overlooks'the'enormous' ! $500'deposit'balance'due'60'days'before'departure' ! ' Piazza'San'Pietro'and'the'catacombs.'Dinner'and'overnight'at' ! Payment'plan'available the'hotel.' Itinerary Messina'was'originally' Archaeological$Museum,'the'Forum,'the'Temples'and'the' called'Zancle,'meaning' famous'Bema,'where'Paul'stood'before'Gallio,'accused'by'the' Day$1$$ "scythe"'because'of' Jews'of'Corinth.'Return'to'Piraeus'port'for'your'embarkation'on' Depart'Pensacola'for'Rome.''' the'shape'of'its'natural' the'cruise'ship.$ Day$2$$ harbor'(though'a' Day$7$$ Arrival'Rome.'Upon'your'arrival'at'the'airport$you'will'start'with' legend'attributes'the' In'the'morning'you'will'arrive'in'Kusadasi,'Turkey.'Kusadasi'has' the'full'day'tour'of'this'eternal'city.'Driving'through'the'main' name'to'King'Zanclus).' grown'from'a'small'sleepy'fishing'village'into'a'sprawling'tourist' streets'of'Rome,'you'will'marvel'at'the'monuments'of'this'great' A'comune'of'its' center,'serving' capital.'Visit'the'Colosseum,'which'symbolizes'the'eternity'of' province,'located'at' the'thousands' the'Roman'civilization,'the'Forum'and'the'Piazza'Venezia,' the'southern'entrance'of'the'Strait'of'Messina,'is'to'this'day' of'tourists'who' dominated'by'the'imposing'monument'to'Vittorio'Emanuel'II.' called''Scaletta'Zanclea'.'In'the'early'5th'century'BC,'Anaxilas'of' flock'to'the' Before'you'return'to'the'hotel,'you'will'stop'near'the'Fontana'di' Rhegium'renamed'it'Messene'in'honor'of'the'Greek' area'to'visit'the' Trevi.'Here,'follow'the'tradition'by'tossing'a'coin'into'the' city'Messene.'In'the'evening'you'will'depart'for'the'capital'of' nearby'ruins'of' fountain,'promising'the'return'to'Rome.''Check'in'at'the'hotel' Greece,'Athens.' Ephesus.'These' for'dinner'and'overnight.' Day$5$$ ancient'ruins' This'day'will'be'a'cruising'day' are'considered' Day$6$$ the'most' Morning'arrival'in'Athens.'Athens'is'the'capital'and'largest'city' important'in' of'Greece.'Athens'dominates'the'Attica'region'and'is'one'of' Turkey.'' Leaving'the'colorful'town'of'Kusadasi'behind,'you'will'pass' through'the'verdant'countryside'before'arriving'at'Ephesus.' ' Once'you'enter'the'Open'Air'Archeological'Museum'of'Ephesus' Day$3$ and'pass'by'the'Magnesia' This'morning'will'be'transferred'to'Chivitavecchia'port'for'your' gate,'you'will'enter'the' embarkation'on'your'home'for'the'next'7'nights'–'“Navigator'of' administrative'section'of' the'Seas”.'' the'world's'oldest'cities,'as'its'recorded'history'spans'around' ancient'Ephesus.'The' 3,400'years.'Classical'Athens'was'a'powerful'city]state.'You'will$ guided'walking'tour'will' admire'the'architectural'miracles'of'ancient'Athens,'as'you' take'you'through'one'of' follow'your'guide'to'the'world'renowned'Acropolis,'to'see'the' the'most'magnificent' Propylea,'the'Erechteum'and'the'Parthenon.'Visit'Mars$Hill,' excavations'in'the'world.' where'Paul'delivered'his'ingenious'speech'on'the'“Unknown' See'the'Odeon,'the' God”.'View'the'Agora,'the'ancient'center'of'the'economic'and' Fountain'of'Trajan,'the'five'terraces'of'the'apartment'houses,' $ public'life'of'the'city,'where'Paul'preached'to'the'skeptical' the'steam'baths'of'Scholastika,'temple'of'Hadrian'and'the' Day$4$$ Athenians.'During'the'bus'tour,'you'see'Constitution$Square' impressive'library'of'Celsius.'The'library'is'adorned'with' Morning'arrival'to'Messina'in'Sicily.'Messina'is'the'third'largest' with'the'House$of$Parliament'and'the'Tomb$of$the$Unknown$ columns'and'statues.'The'Grand'Theater,'where'St.'Paul' city'on'the'island'of'Sicily,'Italy'and'the'capital'of'the! 'province'of' Soldier,'the'Temple$of$Zeus,'the'Old$Olympic$Stadium'and'the' preached,'is'the'largest'theater'in'antiquity'with'a'capacity'of' Messina.'The'city'has'been'a'Roman'Catholic'Archdiocese'and' Neoclassical$Buildings'of'Athens.'Afterwards'your'trip'continues' 24,000'seats.'You'will'return'to'the'buses'through'the'Arcadian' Archimandrite'seat'since'1548'and'is'home'to'a'locally' to'Ancient$Corinth.'This'is'the'once'glorious'city'near'the' way,'where'Mark'Anthony'and'Cleopatra'once'rode'in' important'international'fair.'Founded'by'Greek'colonists'in'the' Isthmus,'where'Paul'met'Aquilla'and'Priscilla'and'spent'a'year' procession.'After'the'termination'of'the'visit'to'Ephesus,'your' 8th'century'BC,'' and'a'half'preaching'the'Word'of'God.'You'visit'the'.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Military Entrepreneurship in the Shadow of the Greek Civil War (1946–1949)
    JPR Men of the Gun and Men of the State: Military Entrepreneurship in the Shadow of the Greek Civil War (1946–1949) Spyros Tsoutsoumpis Abstract: The article explores the intersection between paramilitarism, organized crime, and nation-building during the Greek Civil War. Nation-building has been described in terms of a centralized state extending its writ through a process of modernisation of institutions and monopolisation of violence. Accordingly, the presence and contribution of private actors has been a sign of and a contributive factor to state-weakness. This article demonstrates a more nuanced image wherein nation-building was characterised by pervasive accommodations between, and interlacing of, state and non-state violence. This approach problematises divisions between legal (state-sanctioned) and illegal (private) violence in the making of the modern nation state and sheds new light into the complex way in which the ‘men of the gun’ interacted with the ‘men of the state’ in this process, and how these alliances impacted the nation-building process at the local and national levels. Keywords: Greece, Civil War, Paramilitaries, Organized Crime, Nation-Building Introduction n March 1945, Theodoros Sarantis, the head of the army’s intelligence bureau (A2) in north-western Greece had a clandestine meeting with Zois Padazis, a brigand-chief who operated in this area. Sarantis asked Padazis’s help in ‘cleansing’ the border area from I‘unwanted’ elements: leftists, trade-unionists, and local Muslims. In exchange he promised to provide him with political cover for his illegal activities.1 This relationship that extended well into the 1950s was often contentious.
    [Show full text]
  • New Zealand Studies
    J O U R N A L O F NEW ZEALAND STUDIES NS 10 2011 Contents John Newton ‘With the back of an axe’: Reading the Group Architects ....................... 1 Bernard Cadogan A Sphinx with a Riddle: The Political Thought and Constitutionalism of Sir George Grey ...................................................................................................... 19 Vincent O’Malley Manufacturing Chiefly Consent? James Busby and the Role of Rangatira in the Pre-Colonial Era ...................................................................... 33 Te Maire Tau I-ngā-rā-o-mua .............................................................................................................. 45 Giselle Larcombe Religion and Diaspora: Community Creation in Nineteenth-Century New Zealand, the Case of Antoine Garin and the Catholics of Howick and Nelson ..................................................................................................... 63 Martyn Brown The Political Context of John Mulgan’s Greek Wartime Life and Death ........................................................................................................................ 89 Paul Callister The Construction of Ethnicity and ‘Belonging’ in New Zealand: Where We Have Come From and Where We Might Be Going .............. 115 Matthew Cunningham Conservative Protest or Conservative Radicalism? The New Zealand Legion in a Comparative Context, 1930-1935 ................................................ 139 Gareth Phipps Bringing Our Boy Home: The Tomb of the Unknown Warrior and Contemporary
    [Show full text]
  • Macedonians and the Greek Civil War
    Macedonians and the Greek Civil War By By Naum Peiov (Translated from Macedonian to English and edited by Risto Stefov) Macedonians and the Greek Civil War Published by: Risto Stefov Publications [email protected] Toronto, Canada Originally published in Macedonian in June 1968 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system without written consent from the author, except for the inclusion of brief and documented quotations in a review. Copyright 2015 by Naum Peiov & Risto Stefov e-book edition November 16, 2015 2 INDEX Foreword ............................................................................................4 PART ONE – The Greek Civil War 1945 – 1949 - Introduction ......8 CHAPTER ONE – Unilateral Civil War .........................................21 CHAPTER TWO - Restoration of the monarchy ............................52 CHAPTER THREE – ESTABLISHING A DEMOCRATIC GOVERNMENT..............................................................................72 CHAPTER FOUR - Withdrawal of the Democratic Army .............81 PART TWO - Macedonians in the Greek Civil War .......................91 CHAPTER FIVE – Systematic persecution of the Macedonian people ...............................................................................................91 CHAPTER SIX - RESISTANCE TO NEW PRESSURE .............127 CHAPTER SEVEN - RELATIONS BETWEEN NOF AND THE CPG................................................................................................136
    [Show full text]
  • Essai Sur La Pratique Hellénique Du Droit Constitutionnel Intermédiaire Christoforos Matiatos
    Essai sur la pratique hellénique du droit constitutionnel intermédiaire Christoforos Matiatos To cite this version: Christoforos Matiatos. Essai sur la pratique hellénique du droit constitutionnel intermédiaire. Droit. Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2015. Français. NNT : 2015PA010284. tel-01911241 HAL Id: tel-01911241 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01911241 Submitted on 2 Nov 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. ESSAI SUR LA PRATIQUE HELLÉNIQUE DU DROIT CONSTITUTIONNEL INTERMÉDIAIRE UNIVERSITÉ de PARIS I (Panthéon-Sorbonne) THÈSE Pour l’obtention du grade de docteur en droit public (doctorat d’État) Présentée et soutenue publiquement par Christophoros C. Matiatos Le 13 mars 2015 ESSAI SUR LA PRATIQUE HELLÉNIQUE DU DROIT CONSTITUTIONNEL INTERMÉDIAIRE JURY : M. Pierre AVRIL, professeur émérite de l’Université de Paris II (Panthéon-Assas), président ; Mme Julie BENETTI, professeur à l’Université de Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, (rapporteur) ; M. Jean GICQUEL, professeur émérite de l’Université de Paris I (Panthéon-Sorbonne) (directeur de recherches) ; M. Philippe LAUVAUX, professeur à l’Université de Paris I (Panthéon-Assas) (rapporteur) ; M. Slobodan MILACIC, professeur émérite de l’Université de Bordeaux. 2 L’Université n’entend donner aucune approbation ni improbation aux opinions émises dans les thèses ; ces opinions doivent être considérées comme propres à leurs auteurs.
    [Show full text]
  • Venizelos Arşivi'ndeki* Belgelerle Kıbrıslı Ortodoks Din Adamlarının Enosis'e Yönelik Girişimlerine Örnekler
    Yakın Dönem Türkiye Araştırmaları Recent Period Turkish Studies Yakın Dönem Türkiye Araştırmaları Sayı/Issue: 38, 2020 DOI: 10.26650/YTA2020-759296 Araştırma Makalesi / Research Article Venizelos Arşivi’ndeki* Belgelerle Kıbrıslı Ortodoks Din Adamlarının Enosis’e Yönelik Girişimlerine Örnekler (1914-1954) Examples from the Initiatives of Cyprus Orthodox Clergymen Related to Enosis with Documents from the Venizelos Archive (1914-1954) Nilüfer ERDEM** ÖZ Makalemizde Ortodoks din adamlarının 1914-1954 döneminde Kıbrıs’ta ortaya koydukları Enosis’i, yani adanın Yunanistan’la birleşmesini gerçekleştirmeye yönelik girişimlerine örnekler sunmak ve Rum cemaat içinde oynadıkları liderlik rolünün altını çizmek amaçlanmıştır. Ele aldığımız dönem İngiltere’nin adayı **Doç. Dr., İstanbul Üniversitesi, Atatürk tek taraflı olarak ilhak ettiğini açıklamasıyla başlamakta ve Kıbrıs sorununun İlkeleri ve İnkılap Tarihi Enstitüsü, İstanbul, Türkiye Birleşmiş Milletlere taşınmasına kadar uzanmaktadır. Amacımız doğrultusunda ağırlıklı olarak Dijital Venizelos Arşivi’nde (bundan böyle Venizelos Arşivi olarak ORCID: N.E. 0000-0003-1393-7655 zikredilecektir) yer alan Kıbrıs’la ilgili belgeler kullanılmıştır. Rumlar, adanın Sorumlu yazar/Corresponding author: İngiltere’nin idaresine geçmesini nihai hedeflerine daha kolay ulaşabileceklerini Nilüfer Erdem, İstanbul Üniversitesi, Atatürk İlkeleri ve düşünerek olumlu karşılamışlarsa da çeşitli vesilelerle İngiliz idaresinden İnkılap Tarihi Enstitüsü, İstanbul, Türkiye şikâyetlerde bulunmaktan geri durmamışlardır.
    [Show full text]
  • Former Greek Premier Mitsotakis Remembered Lanthimos Best
    S o C V ΓΡΑΦΕΙ ΤΗΝ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑ nd W ΤΟΥ ΕΛΛΗΝΙΣΜΟΥ E ΑΠΟ ΤΟ 1915 The National Herald 10 2 N anniversa ry www.thenationalherald.com A weekly Greek-AmeriCAN PubliCAtioN 1915-2017 VOL. 20, ISSUE 1025 June 3-9, 2017 c v $1.50 Ex-Premier Papademos’ Wife Says Bomb Hidden in CD Probe continues into domestic terrorism bombing and suspicious envelopes TNH Staff ATHENS – A bomb that went off inside the car of former Greek interim Premier Lucas Pa - pademos was hidden in a CD case inside a manila envelope that had first been left outside their home, his wife said as the probe continued into who sent it. Shanna Ingram-Papademos, who spoke during a morning current affairs program, said the large envelope had first passed through a bomb detection de - vice in Parliament before being hauled to the couple’s home in the upscale district of Paleo Faliro, the Greek capital’s “diplo - matic row”, where it remained tNh ArChiVes with other correspondence out - Former Greek interim Premier side for 24 hours. Lucas Papademos eurokiNissi She also said her husband, a With traditional Cretan songs and a solemn ceremony, Constantine Mitsotakis (insert photo) was laid to rest in Crete beside his former vice-president of one of the newspaper Kathimerini they late wife Marika. His son Kyriakos Mitsotakis delivered heartfelt words about his father at the state funeral in Athens. Greece’s lenders, the European were uncertain about that ac - Central Bank, and now vice- count from the unnamed person president of the prestigious re - who has been part of Pa - search-driven Academy of pademos’ security detail for sev - Former Greek Premier Mitsotakis Remembered Athens, was “lucky” not to have eral years.
    [Show full text]
  • Communism and Nationalism in Postwar Cyprus, 1945-1955
    Communism and Nationalism in Postwar Cyprus, 1945-1955 Politics and Ideologies Under British Rule Alexios Alecou Communism and Nationalism in Postwar Cyprus, 1945-1955 Alexios Alecou Communism and Nationalism in Postwar Cyprus, 1945-1955 Politics and Ideologies Under British Rule Alexios Alecou University of London London , UK ISBN 978-3-319-29208-3 ISBN 978-3-319-29209-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-29209-0 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016943796 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfi lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specifi c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the pub- lisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made.
    [Show full text]
  • Koliastasis P Phd 280714.Pdf
    Title The permanent campaign strategy of Greek Prime Ministers (1996–2011) Candidate Panagiotis Koliastasis Degree This thesis is submitted in fulfillment of the requirements of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy 4 Abstract Various academic authors have analysed the implementation, the causes and the impact of the permanent campaign strategy by political executives in presidential and parliamentary systems, notably the United States and United Kingdom. This study builds on this literature and extends the research on the permanent campaign in the European parliamentary majoritarian context by examining contemporary Greece as a national case study. In particular, the study addresses three questions. First, did contemporary Greek Prime Ministers adopt the permanent campaign strategy? Second, why did they do so? Third, what impact did the implementation of the permanent campaign have on their public approval? The research focuses on the cases of three successive Prime Ministers in Greece: Costas Simitis (1996–2004), Kostas Karamanlis (2004–2009) and George Papandreou (2009-2011). Simitis and Papandreou were leaders of the centre-left PASOK, while Karamanlis was the leader of the centre-right New Democracy. The study finds that all three Prime Ministers undertook the permanent campaign strategy in order to maintain public approval, aligning themselves with their British and American counterparts. They established new communication units within the primeministerial apparatus, consulted with communication professionals to form a coherent communication
    [Show full text]
  • The Far Right in Greece. Paramilitarism, Organized Crime and the Rise of ‘Golden Dawn’
    Südosteuropa 66 (2018), no. 4, pp. 503-531 SPYRIDON TSOUTSOUMPIS The Far Right in Greece. Paramilitarism, Organized Crime and the Rise of ‘Golden Dawn’ Abstract. The article unravels the ties between conservatism, the state, and the far right in Greece. It explores the complex social and political reasons which facilitated the emergence of far-right groups in Greece during the civil war and have allowed them to survive for seven decades and to flourish from time to time. The author pays particular attention to paramilita- rism as a distinct component of the Greek far right. He follows the activities of ‘Golden Dawn’ and other far-right groups, in particular their paramilitary branches. To the wider public, among the most shocking aspects of the rise of ‘Golden Dawn’ was the use of violence by its paramilitary branch, tagmata efodou. The article examines the far right’s relationship to the state and the security services, and explores its overall role in Greek politics and society. He demonstrates how an understanding of the decades following the civil war are indispensable to making sense of recent developments. Spyridon Tsoutsoumpis is a Visiting Research Fellow at Wolverhampton University’s School of Social Historical and Political Studies and an Honorary Research Fellow at the University of Manchester’s School of Arts, Languages and Cultures. In Greece’s national elections of 2012 the openly neofascist ‘Golden Dawn’ party (Xrysi Avgi) won an unprecedented 7% of the vote and sent a total of 18 of its members to parliament (MPs). That success created a flurry among scholars, experts, and politicians who rushed to explain the meteoric rise of the far right in Greece.
    [Show full text]
  • Politics of Forgetting: New Zealand-Greek Wartime Relationship
    Politics of Forgetting: New Zealand-Greek Wartime Relationship Martyn Brown Bachelor of Arts Graduate Diploma Library Science Graduate Diploma Information Technology Post-Graduate Diploma Business Research Master of Arts (Research) A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at The University of Queensland in 2014 School of History Philosophy Religion and Classics Abstract In extant New Zealand literature and national public commemoration, the New Zealand experience of wartime Greece largely focuses on the Battle of Crete in May 1941 and, to a lesser extent, on the failed earlier mainland campaign. At a politico-military level, the ill-fated Greek venture and the loss of Crete hold centre stage in the discourse. In terms of commemoration, the Battle of Crete dominates as an iconic episode in the national history of New Zealand. As far as the Greeks are concerned, New Zealand elevates and embraces Greek civilians to the point where they overshadow the Greek military. The New Zealand drive to place the Battle of Crete as supporting its national self-imagining has been achieved, but what has been forgotten in the process? The wartime connection between the Pacific nation and Greece lasted for the remainder of the international conflict and was highly complex and sometimes violent. In occupied Greece and Crete, as well as in the Middle East, North Africa and Italy, New Zealand forces had to interact with a divided Greek nation that had been experiencing ongoing political turmoil and intermittent civil conflict. Individual New Zealanders found themselves acting as liaison officers with competing partisan groups. Greek military units with a history of mutiny and political intrigue were affiliated with the main New Zealand fighting force, the Second New Zealand Division.
    [Show full text]
  • Feb 2 0 2008
    POLITICIZED ARMIES, MILITARIZED POLITICS: CIVIL-MILITARY RELATIONS IN TURKEY AND GREECE by Evangelos Liaras A.B. History (2000) Harvard College Submitted to the Department of Political Science in partial fulfillment of the requirements MASSACHUSETTS INST E for the degree of Master of Science in Political Science OF TECHNOLOGY at the FEB 2 2008 Massachusetts Institute of Technology LIBRARIES June 2007 © 2007 Evangelos Liaras. All Rights Reserved The author hereby grants to MIT permissions to reproduce and to distribute publicly paper and electronic copies of this thesis document in whole or in part in any medium now known or hereafter created. Signature of author ............................ Depat1iint of Political Science April 30, 2007 Certified by .................. ........ Roger Petersen Associate Professor of Political Science Thesis Supervisor Accepted by ...................... ............ Roger Petersen Associate Professor of Political Science Political Science Department Director of Graduate Studies OF TEOHNOLOGY FEB 2 0 2008 LIBRARIES POLITICIZED ARMIES, MILITARIZED POLITICS: CIVIL-MILITARY RELATIONS IN TURKEY AND GREECE by Evangelos Liaras Submitted to the Department of Political Science on February 23, 2007 in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Political Science ABSTRACT Despite their common Ottoman heritage, Greece and Turkey have diverged widely in their modem history of civil-military relations. The armed forces have a long record of intervention in both countries, but there is a crucial difference: the military emerged as a roughly unitary, independent political actor in Turkey, whereas in Greece it remained divided into factions aligned with civilian political parties through patronage relationships. This empirical observation is then used as a basis for an attempt at theory- building.
    [Show full text]
  • The Political Context of John Mulgan's Greek Wartime Life and Death1
    The Political Context of John Mulgan’s Greek Wartime Life and Death1 MARTYN BROWN Introduction In late March 1965, distinguished New Zealand diplomat Joseph (J.V.) Wilson offered Paul Day, who was then writing a biography of John Mulgan, some materials that needed ‘circumspect handling both because of their content and because of the circumstances in which they were written’. The items in question were letters sent to the Wellington-based diplomat Wilson in response to a request he had made to the soldier Mulgan in January 1945 for an assessment of the political situation in liberated Greece. The two had known each before the war, when they were part of the New Zealand delegation to the League of Nations. Mulgan’s letters were typed just a few days before his death during the night of 25/26 April in Cairo. Wilson’s caution – he wanted any extracts to be confined to those ‘for the purposes of your biography’2 – shows his desire to avoid engaging with the political nature of the letters. He was also respecting Mulgan’s request to limit circulation because, as Mulgan wrote to Wilson in 1945, ‘as an army officer I’m not officially free to write or express my views without censorship’.3 Day, for his part, reversed an earlier request for making copies, in deference to Wilson’s ‘reservations about reproduction’. He also thought ‘it most unlikely that I shall wish to quote from these documents’, but would rely on other sources to build a picture of the ‘Greek political scene’. The biographer thought, ‘The account of the Greek political scene is interesting, though generalized.’ 4 This short exchange provides a place of embarkation for this paper.
    [Show full text]