Osudy Gréckej Menšiny V Československu

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Osudy Gréckej Menšiny V Československu Masarykova univerzita Filozofická fakulta Historický ústav Osudy gréckej menšiny v Československu Orálna história (magisterská diplomová práca) Bc. Miroslava Bartolenová Vedúca práce: Brno 2011 Mgr. Denisa Nečasová, Ph.D. Prehlasujem, že som magisterskú diplomovú prácu vypracovala samostatne s použitím uvedenej literatúry a prameňov. Brno 14.5. 2011 ........................................... Podpis autora práce 2 Poďakovanie: Na tomto mieste by som chcela poďakovať všetkým, čo ma podporovali pri písaní tejto práce, najmä vedúcej práce, Mgr. Denise Nečasovej, PhD., za jej vedenie a mnohé konštruktívne pripomienky a pracovníkom Řecké obce Brno za ochotu pomôcť pri získavaní narátorov a za spoluprácu. Moja najväčšia vďaka patrí všetkým narátorom, ktorí boli ochotní sa so mnou podeliť o svoj životný príbeh. 3 Abstrakt Predkladaná magisterská diplomová práca približuje metódou orálnej histórie vznik gréckej menšiny v bývalom Československu. Spracováva výpovede siedmych obyvateľov Českej republiky gréckej národnosti, ktorí sa do krajiny dostali v rámci transportov gréckych utečencov v priebehu rokov 1948 – 1949, keď v ich domovine zúrila občianska vojna. Prvá časť práce predkladá charakteristiku metódy orálnej histórie, opisuje jej vývoj a vysvetľuje metodické postupy. Druhá časť je zameraná na zhrnutie faktov o udalostiach konfliktu, o vývoji politickej situácie v Grécku po kapitulácií ľavicových síl viazaných na KKE až do roku 1989 a na politické pozadie predchádzajúce príchodu prvých gréckych utečencov do Československa. Záverečná a najrozsiahlejšia časť, ktorá predstavuje samostatný výskum, je analýzou a interpretáciou rozhovorov s narátormi s dôrazom na problematiku úteku z vlasti, pobytu v detských domovoch, ako aj proces asimilácie a repatriácie. Táto práca je snahou o zachytenie kolektívnej pamäte reflektovanej do príbehov jednotlivcov. Kľúčové slová: Akce „Řecké děti“, KKE, grécka menšina, grécka občianska vojna, kolektívna pamäť, orálna história Abstract The following thesis introduces the topic of Greek minority in Czechoslovakia using the method of oral history. It deals with the interviews of the seven narrators who fled from Greece during the civil war. The first part characterises of the method, describes its development and explains the methodology. The second part sums up the facts of Greek civil war, the political development till 1989 in Greece and the political background of acceptance of Greek refugees. The last part analyses and interprets the interviews with an emphasis on the topic of running away from former homeland, staying at the orphanages as well as on the process of assimilation and repatriation. This thesis tries to capture a collective memory shared in the stories of the individuals. Key words: KKE, Greek minority, Greek civil war, collective memory, oral history 4 Obsah 1 Úvod ................................................................................................................................................................. 6 2 Metóda orálnej histórie............................................................................................................................. 9 2. 1 Čo je orálna história? .................................................................................................................... 9 2. 2 Metodológia ................................................................................................................................... 14 3 Grécka občianska vojna .......................................................................................................................... 17 4 Grécko po občianskej vojne ................................................................................................................... 22 5 Politické pozadie „Akce Řecké děti“ ................................................................................................... 29 6 Občianska vojna očami detí a mládeže ............................................................................................. 33 7 Dlhá cesta z vojnového Grécka............................................................................................................. 38 8 Detské domovy pre grécke deti ........................................................................................................... 45 9 Problémy asimilácie gréckych detí s československým obyvateľstvom ............................. 53 10 Repatriácia ................................................................................................................................................ 59 11 Národné cítenie ....................................................................................................................................... 63 12 Grécka obec ............................................................................................................................................... 68 13 Záver ............................................................................................................................................................ 72 Zoznam skratiek........................................................................................................................................ 76 Obsah CD prílohy ...................................................................................................................................... 77 15 Bibliografia ................................................................................................................................................ 78 16 Prílohy ......................................................................................................................................................... 81 Fotografie ................................................................................................................................................ 81 Zoznam detských domovov na území ČSR ................................................................................. 84 Záznamy o rozhovore ......................................................................................................................... 88 Zmluvy o poskytnutí práv .............................................................................................................. 105 5 1 Úvod Keď grécke severné kraje pustošili vojská bojujúce v občianskej vojne, veľká časť z utekajúcich obyvateľov týchto oblastí našla svoje útočisko v krajinách bývalého sovietskeho bloku. Jednou z hosťovských krajín bola aj Československá republika, ktorá od apríla 1948 do prvých mesiacov roku 1950 prijala 52211 detí v rámci „Akce Ř“ a niekoľko stoviek dospelých. V ich novom bydlisku im bolo poskytnuté vzdelanie, zamestnanie a materiálne zabezpečenie, ktoré síce niekedy nedosahovalo československé štandardy, ale pre mnohých, ktorí prišli zo zničených domov, to bolo postačujúce. Niektorí z utečencov sa v priebehu desaťročí repatriovali, zatiaľ čo iní sa postupne asimilovali a zakladali si zmiešané rodiny. Cieľom tejto práce je pomocou metódy orálnej histórie priblížiť životné dráhy predstaviteľov gréckej menšiny, ich problémy a rôzne peripetie, s ktorými sa museli po svojom príchode do Československa vysporiadať. Na základe rozhovorov so siedmymi narátormi táto magisterská diplomová práca odkrýva spôsoby, ako oslovení vnímali občiansku vojnu a ich útek z vlasti, ale aj aké ťažkosti im priniesla asimilácia a prečo sa rozhodli nezúčastniť sa repatriácie. Skúmaná vzorka je len zlomok súčasnej gréckej komunity žijúcej na území Českej a Slovenskej republiky, ale ich pohľad prináša ľudský rozmer udalostiam, ktoré viedli k vzniku tejto menšiny. Pochopenie pozadia, prečo boli grécki obyvatelia nútení emigrovať a čo prežili, môže prispieť k tolerancii a k posunu na ďalší stupienok na ceste k fungujúcej multikulturálnej spoločnosti. Pramene a literatúra Predkladaná práca sa skladá z troch častí, pričom prvá časť práce objasňuje, čo je to orálna história, kde táto výskumná metóda vznikla a ako sa vyvíjala. Taktiež vysvetľuje metodické postupy, ktoré sú pre túto metódu charakteristické a obsahuje odkazy na kľúčové monografie a metodologické príručky, najmä na práce Miroslava Vaňka. 1 HRADEČNÝ, Pavel. Czechoslovak Material Aid to the Communist "Democratic Army of Greece" in the Years 1948-1949. Balkan Studies, 1999, vol. 40, no. 2, s. 365. 6 Jednou zo zásadných otázok každej historickej štúdie je zaradenie do historických súvislostí, ktorému sa venuje ďalší oddiel tejto magisterskej práce predstavujúci historický exkurz opisujúci grécku občiansku vojnu a politický vývoj Grécka po roku 1948. Súčasťou časti, ktorá bola spracovaná na základe dostupnej literatúry a uverejnených odborných štúdii, je aj kapitola o politickom pozadí prijatia gréckych detí. Grécka občianska vojna je aj v súčasnosti chúlostivou témou, ktorá je často predmetom populistických špekulácií a politizácie, preto je dôležité konfrontovať literatúru českej proveniencie s dostupnými zahraničnými štúdiami. Táto práca sa opiera hlavne o diela Pavla Hradečného, donedávna nášho popredného balkanológa špecializujúceho sa na dejiny Grécka, Albánska a iných juhoslovanských krajín. Jeho Dějiny Řecka poskytujú základné informácie o bojoch občianskej vojny, o príčinách jej vypuknutia, ako aj o politickom vývoji krajiny po jej skončení. Hradečný je rovnako aj autorom publikácie vydanej pod hlavičkou Ústavu pro soudobé dějiny AV ČR Řecká komunita v Československu. Její vznik a počatečný vývoj (1948-1954), ktorá obsahuje štúdiu zaoberajúcu sa príchodom gréckych detí, zakladaním gréckych detských domov
Recommended publications
  • Vienna Doctoral College for European Historical Dictatorship and Transformation Research Content
    Vienna Doctoral College for European Historical Dictatorship and Transformation Research Content Project Proposal I. Abstract II. Research Interests III. Theoretical Framework IV. Work Timetable Literature with relevance for the project V. Bibliography (a selection) Appendix CVs VI. Cooperating Partners/CVs VII. Abstracts concerning the research contributions by the members of the steering committee STEERING COMMITTEE AND FACULTY: Univ.-Doz. Dr. Karin Liebhart, Department of Political Science, University of Vienna Univ.-Prof. Dr. Dr. Oliver Rathkolb, Head of Department of Contemporary History, University of Vienna – Speaker of the Steering Commitee Univ.-Prof. Dr. Oliver Jens Schmitt, Deputy Head of Department of East European History, University of Vienna Univ.-Prof. Dr. Maria A. Stassinopoulou, Deputy Head of the Department of Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies, University of Vienna and Vice Dean of the Faculty of Historical and Cultural Studies Vienna, October 15, 2008 I. Abstract The Doctoral College described here understands itself as part of comparative historical and social science dictatorship and transformation research with a European focus on “small” dic- tatorships and experiences with dictatorships. At its centre is the comparative analysis of, first- ly, the causes for the establishment and functioning of dictatorships in several Central- and East-European states after the wave of democratisation resulting from the First World War, as well as, secondly, the engagement with the resulting political and socio-cultural models and their social consequences after the end of the regimes concerned, with a particular emphasis on the long term effects of “educational dictatorship” on political and historical perceptions of the individual citizen. The results should then be compared with selected other authori- tarian and totalitarian developments and continuities, which set in after 1945 in East and South-East Europe, the Baltic States, as well as Spain, Portugal and Greece, and the reception of these regimes after their collapse.
    [Show full text]
  • Military Entrepreneurship in the Shadow of the Greek Civil War (1946–1949)
    JPR Men of the Gun and Men of the State: Military Entrepreneurship in the Shadow of the Greek Civil War (1946–1949) Spyros Tsoutsoumpis Abstract: The article explores the intersection between paramilitarism, organized crime, and nation-building during the Greek Civil War. Nation-building has been described in terms of a centralized state extending its writ through a process of modernisation of institutions and monopolisation of violence. Accordingly, the presence and contribution of private actors has been a sign of and a contributive factor to state-weakness. This article demonstrates a more nuanced image wherein nation-building was characterised by pervasive accommodations between, and interlacing of, state and non-state violence. This approach problematises divisions between legal (state-sanctioned) and illegal (private) violence in the making of the modern nation state and sheds new light into the complex way in which the ‘men of the gun’ interacted with the ‘men of the state’ in this process, and how these alliances impacted the nation-building process at the local and national levels. Keywords: Greece, Civil War, Paramilitaries, Organized Crime, Nation-Building Introduction n March 1945, Theodoros Sarantis, the head of the army’s intelligence bureau (A2) in north-western Greece had a clandestine meeting with Zois Padazis, a brigand-chief who operated in this area. Sarantis asked Padazis’s help in ‘cleansing’ the border area from I‘unwanted’ elements: leftists, trade-unionists, and local Muslims. In exchange he promised to provide him with political cover for his illegal activities.1 This relationship that extended well into the 1950s was often contentious.
    [Show full text]
  • New Zealand Studies
    J O U R N A L O F NEW ZEALAND STUDIES NS 10 2011 Contents John Newton ‘With the back of an axe’: Reading the Group Architects ....................... 1 Bernard Cadogan A Sphinx with a Riddle: The Political Thought and Constitutionalism of Sir George Grey ...................................................................................................... 19 Vincent O’Malley Manufacturing Chiefly Consent? James Busby and the Role of Rangatira in the Pre-Colonial Era ...................................................................... 33 Te Maire Tau I-ngā-rā-o-mua .............................................................................................................. 45 Giselle Larcombe Religion and Diaspora: Community Creation in Nineteenth-Century New Zealand, the Case of Antoine Garin and the Catholics of Howick and Nelson ..................................................................................................... 63 Martyn Brown The Political Context of John Mulgan’s Greek Wartime Life and Death ........................................................................................................................ 89 Paul Callister The Construction of Ethnicity and ‘Belonging’ in New Zealand: Where We Have Come From and Where We Might Be Going .............. 115 Matthew Cunningham Conservative Protest or Conservative Radicalism? The New Zealand Legion in a Comparative Context, 1930-1935 ................................................ 139 Gareth Phipps Bringing Our Boy Home: The Tomb of the Unknown Warrior and Contemporary
    [Show full text]
  • Μacedonianism FYROM’S Expansionist Designs Against Greece, 1944-2006 the TEAM RESPONSIBLE for THIS BOOK WAS
    Μacedonianism FYROM’S Expansionist Designs against Greece, 1944-2006 THE TEAM RESPONSIBLE FOR THIS BOOK WAS Publisher: Nikos Haidemenos Editor in Chief: Iakovos Michailidis Translator: Dr Richard Witt Art Editor: Alexandra Tasoula Giorgos Alexandrou Design & Artwork: Chara Kroustali, Klio Bati Production Supervisor: Emilios Bastias Production: TROIA EKDOTIKI EMPORIKI SA For the Society for Macedonian Studies Board Members President: Nikolaos Mertzos Vice-President: Haralambos Papastathis Secretary-General: Teresa Pentzopoulou-Valala Treasurer: Theodoros Dardavesis Librarian: Ioannis Koliopoulos Consultants: Konstantinos Vavouskos Vasileios Papas Athanasios Karathanasis Haralambos Naslas Philological supervision: Sofia Voutsidou Assistants: Dionysis Agaliotis Niki Theodosiou Ioannis Mouzakis © Copyright of the edition: Society for Macedonian Studies TROIA EKDOTIKI EMPORIKI SA 26th klm Lavriou Ave., 19 400 Koropi Attiki, P.O. Box: 7616 Τel. (+30) 210 97.02.802, 210 97.67.488 Fax: (+30) 210 97.56.550 web site: www.militosbooks.gr • e-mail: [email protected] All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, in print or electronic means, without the permission from the holders of copyright. Violators will be prosecuted based on the law of the Protection of Intellectual Property. ISBN: 978-960-8326-30-9 Society for Macedonian Studies Karipis Foundation for Macedonian & Thracian Studies Μacedonianism FYROM’S Expansionist Designs against Greece, 1944-2006 CONTENTS Foreword by Nikolaos Mertzos, President of the Society for
    [Show full text]
  • Macedonians and the Greek Civil War
    Macedonians and the Greek Civil War By By Naum Peiov (Translated from Macedonian to English and edited by Risto Stefov) Macedonians and the Greek Civil War Published by: Risto Stefov Publications [email protected] Toronto, Canada Originally published in Macedonian in June 1968 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system without written consent from the author, except for the inclusion of brief and documented quotations in a review. Copyright 2015 by Naum Peiov & Risto Stefov e-book edition November 16, 2015 2 INDEX Foreword ............................................................................................4 PART ONE – The Greek Civil War 1945 – 1949 - Introduction ......8 CHAPTER ONE – Unilateral Civil War .........................................21 CHAPTER TWO - Restoration of the monarchy ............................52 CHAPTER THREE – ESTABLISHING A DEMOCRATIC GOVERNMENT..............................................................................72 CHAPTER FOUR - Withdrawal of the Democratic Army .............81 PART TWO - Macedonians in the Greek Civil War .......................91 CHAPTER FIVE – Systematic persecution of the Macedonian people ...............................................................................................91 CHAPTER SIX - RESISTANCE TO NEW PRESSURE .............127 CHAPTER SEVEN - RELATIONS BETWEEN NOF AND THE CPG................................................................................................136
    [Show full text]
  • Essai Sur La Pratique Hellénique Du Droit Constitutionnel Intermédiaire Christoforos Matiatos
    Essai sur la pratique hellénique du droit constitutionnel intermédiaire Christoforos Matiatos To cite this version: Christoforos Matiatos. Essai sur la pratique hellénique du droit constitutionnel intermédiaire. Droit. Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2015. Français. NNT : 2015PA010284. tel-01911241 HAL Id: tel-01911241 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01911241 Submitted on 2 Nov 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. ESSAI SUR LA PRATIQUE HELLÉNIQUE DU DROIT CONSTITUTIONNEL INTERMÉDIAIRE UNIVERSITÉ de PARIS I (Panthéon-Sorbonne) THÈSE Pour l’obtention du grade de docteur en droit public (doctorat d’État) Présentée et soutenue publiquement par Christophoros C. Matiatos Le 13 mars 2015 ESSAI SUR LA PRATIQUE HELLÉNIQUE DU DROIT CONSTITUTIONNEL INTERMÉDIAIRE JURY : M. Pierre AVRIL, professeur émérite de l’Université de Paris II (Panthéon-Assas), président ; Mme Julie BENETTI, professeur à l’Université de Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, (rapporteur) ; M. Jean GICQUEL, professeur émérite de l’Université de Paris I (Panthéon-Sorbonne) (directeur de recherches) ; M. Philippe LAUVAUX, professeur à l’Université de Paris I (Panthéon-Assas) (rapporteur) ; M. Slobodan MILACIC, professeur émérite de l’Université de Bordeaux. 2 L’Université n’entend donner aucune approbation ni improbation aux opinions émises dans les thèses ; ces opinions doivent être considérées comme propres à leurs auteurs.
    [Show full text]
  • Venizelos Arşivi'ndeki* Belgelerle Kıbrıslı Ortodoks Din Adamlarının Enosis'e Yönelik Girişimlerine Örnekler
    Yakın Dönem Türkiye Araştırmaları Recent Period Turkish Studies Yakın Dönem Türkiye Araştırmaları Sayı/Issue: 38, 2020 DOI: 10.26650/YTA2020-759296 Araştırma Makalesi / Research Article Venizelos Arşivi’ndeki* Belgelerle Kıbrıslı Ortodoks Din Adamlarının Enosis’e Yönelik Girişimlerine Örnekler (1914-1954) Examples from the Initiatives of Cyprus Orthodox Clergymen Related to Enosis with Documents from the Venizelos Archive (1914-1954) Nilüfer ERDEM** ÖZ Makalemizde Ortodoks din adamlarının 1914-1954 döneminde Kıbrıs’ta ortaya koydukları Enosis’i, yani adanın Yunanistan’la birleşmesini gerçekleştirmeye yönelik girişimlerine örnekler sunmak ve Rum cemaat içinde oynadıkları liderlik rolünün altını çizmek amaçlanmıştır. Ele aldığımız dönem İngiltere’nin adayı **Doç. Dr., İstanbul Üniversitesi, Atatürk tek taraflı olarak ilhak ettiğini açıklamasıyla başlamakta ve Kıbrıs sorununun İlkeleri ve İnkılap Tarihi Enstitüsü, İstanbul, Türkiye Birleşmiş Milletlere taşınmasına kadar uzanmaktadır. Amacımız doğrultusunda ağırlıklı olarak Dijital Venizelos Arşivi’nde (bundan böyle Venizelos Arşivi olarak ORCID: N.E. 0000-0003-1393-7655 zikredilecektir) yer alan Kıbrıs’la ilgili belgeler kullanılmıştır. Rumlar, adanın Sorumlu yazar/Corresponding author: İngiltere’nin idaresine geçmesini nihai hedeflerine daha kolay ulaşabileceklerini Nilüfer Erdem, İstanbul Üniversitesi, Atatürk İlkeleri ve düşünerek olumlu karşılamışlarsa da çeşitli vesilelerle İngiliz idaresinden İnkılap Tarihi Enstitüsü, İstanbul, Türkiye şikâyetlerde bulunmaktan geri durmamışlardır.
    [Show full text]
  • Greece's New Political Economy
    Greece’s New Political Economy State, Finance, and Growth from Postwar to EMU George Pagoulatos 0333_752775_01_preiv.qxd 1/27/03 2:37 PM Page i Greece’s New Political Economy This page intentionally left blank 0333_752775_01_preiv.qxd 1/27/03 2:37 PM Page iii Greece’s New Political Economy State, Finance, and Growth from Postwar to EMU George Pagoulatos in association with St Antony’s College, Oxford 0333_752775_01_preiv.qxd 1/27/03 2:37 PM Page iv © George Pagoulatos 2003 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2003 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RC21 6XS and 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 Companies and representatives throughout the world PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St. Martin’s Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Macmillan® is a registered trademark in the United States, United Kingdom and other countries.
    [Show full text]
  • Former Greek Premier Mitsotakis Remembered Lanthimos Best
    S o C V ΓΡΑΦΕΙ ΤΗΝ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑ nd W ΤΟΥ ΕΛΛΗΝΙΣΜΟΥ E ΑΠΟ ΤΟ 1915 The National Herald 10 2 N anniversa ry www.thenationalherald.com A weekly Greek-AmeriCAN PubliCAtioN 1915-2017 VOL. 20, ISSUE 1025 June 3-9, 2017 c v $1.50 Ex-Premier Papademos’ Wife Says Bomb Hidden in CD Probe continues into domestic terrorism bombing and suspicious envelopes TNH Staff ATHENS – A bomb that went off inside the car of former Greek interim Premier Lucas Pa - pademos was hidden in a CD case inside a manila envelope that had first been left outside their home, his wife said as the probe continued into who sent it. Shanna Ingram-Papademos, who spoke during a morning current affairs program, said the large envelope had first passed through a bomb detection de - vice in Parliament before being hauled to the couple’s home in the upscale district of Paleo Faliro, the Greek capital’s “diplo - matic row”, where it remained tNh ArChiVes with other correspondence out - Former Greek interim Premier side for 24 hours. Lucas Papademos eurokiNissi She also said her husband, a With traditional Cretan songs and a solemn ceremony, Constantine Mitsotakis (insert photo) was laid to rest in Crete beside his former vice-president of one of the newspaper Kathimerini they late wife Marika. His son Kyriakos Mitsotakis delivered heartfelt words about his father at the state funeral in Athens. Greece’s lenders, the European were uncertain about that ac - Central Bank, and now vice- count from the unnamed person president of the prestigious re - who has been part of Pa - search-driven Academy of pademos’ security detail for sev - Former Greek Premier Mitsotakis Remembered Athens, was “lucky” not to have eral years.
    [Show full text]
  • Communism and Nationalism in Postwar Cyprus, 1945-1955
    Communism and Nationalism in Postwar Cyprus, 1945-1955 Politics and Ideologies Under British Rule Alexios Alecou Communism and Nationalism in Postwar Cyprus, 1945-1955 Alexios Alecou Communism and Nationalism in Postwar Cyprus, 1945-1955 Politics and Ideologies Under British Rule Alexios Alecou University of London London , UK ISBN 978-3-319-29208-3 ISBN 978-3-319-29209-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-29209-0 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016943796 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfi lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specifi c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the pub- lisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made.
    [Show full text]
  • Koliastasis P Phd 280714.Pdf
    Title The permanent campaign strategy of Greek Prime Ministers (1996–2011) Candidate Panagiotis Koliastasis Degree This thesis is submitted in fulfillment of the requirements of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy 4 Abstract Various academic authors have analysed the implementation, the causes and the impact of the permanent campaign strategy by political executives in presidential and parliamentary systems, notably the United States and United Kingdom. This study builds on this literature and extends the research on the permanent campaign in the European parliamentary majoritarian context by examining contemporary Greece as a national case study. In particular, the study addresses three questions. First, did contemporary Greek Prime Ministers adopt the permanent campaign strategy? Second, why did they do so? Third, what impact did the implementation of the permanent campaign have on their public approval? The research focuses on the cases of three successive Prime Ministers in Greece: Costas Simitis (1996–2004), Kostas Karamanlis (2004–2009) and George Papandreou (2009-2011). Simitis and Papandreou were leaders of the centre-left PASOK, while Karamanlis was the leader of the centre-right New Democracy. The study finds that all three Prime Ministers undertook the permanent campaign strategy in order to maintain public approval, aligning themselves with their British and American counterparts. They established new communication units within the primeministerial apparatus, consulted with communication professionals to form a coherent communication
    [Show full text]
  • The Development of Varied & Holistic Models in The
    ISSN: 2186-845X ISSN: 2186-8441 Print アシエン ヅロナル オフ メネゲメント サイネセゾ アナド エグケサン Vol. 1. No. 2. July 2012 THE DEVELOPMENT OF VARIED & HOLISTIC MODELS IN THE GREEK ECONOMY FROM POST WWII TO THE PRESENT AND BEYOND Dimitrios Nikolaou Koumparoulis1, Kit Chee Wong2, Nik Chong Teck Siong3, Naganathan Venkatesh4 1Professor of Economics, UGSM-Monarch Business School SWITZERLAND, 2 Adjunct (Visiting) Professor of Management, UGSM-Monarch Business School, Zug SWITZERLAND, 2Adjunct Faculty University of Wales UK, 3Adjunct Faculty, Anglia Ruskin University UK 3University of Glamorgan UK, 3Staffordshire University UK, 4NITTTR, INDIA. [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] ABSTRACT Over the past 50 years Greece has grown much faster than most of the countries that had comparable per capita GDP’s in 1950, reaching a per capita GDP of $30,603 today. In 1950, Greece was ranked 28th in the world for per capita GDP, while in 1970 it was ranked 20th. During the 80s, despite membership in the EC, Greece suffered from poor macroeconomic performance due to expansionary fiscal policies that led to a tripling of the debt-to-GDP ratio, which went from the modest figure of 34.5% in 1981 to the triple digits by the 90s. The second oil shock after the Iranian Revolution hurt Greece, and the 80s were racked by high inflation as politicians pursued populist policies. The average rate of inflation in Greece during the 80s was 19%, which was three times the EU average. The Greek budget deficit also rose very substantially during the 80s, peaking at 9% in 1985.
    [Show full text]