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Martina Rebmann / Reiner Nägele INFORMATION AND DOCUMENTATION In German Music Council / German Music Information Centre, ed., Musical Life in Germany (Bonn, 2019), pp. 464–485 Published in print: December 2019 © German Music Information Centre http://www.miz.org/musical-life-in-germany.html https://themen.miz.org/musical-life-in-germany Kapitel | The City Library at Mailänder Platz, Stuttgart INFORMATION AND DOCU MENTATION Archives and libraries have preserved a wide range of knowl- 18 edge about music since time immemorial. Today, owing to digitisation, they are undergoing massive changes. Here Mar- tina Rebmann and Reiner Nägele describe the structures of the library landscape and report on the latest developments. 464 465 Information and Documentation | | Martina Rebmann / Reiner Nägele INFORMATION AND DOCUMENTATION Memory institutions, such as music libraries, archives and museums, are a sine qua non for the study and performance of music. These facilities, which preserve and transmit rich bodies of knowledge, are primarily found in the pub- lic sector. They have a great many tasks, some of which overlap or interrelate. Traditionally, they collect and catalogue source material, literature, sheet music, A Max Reger autogrg aphphh ffroom ththehe music colllection off Mununu ichi ’ss sound recordings, audio-visual media, musical instruments and – especially in CityyL Librb ary Am Gasteig museums – objects related to musical life. However, thanks to the digital revo- lution, for several years they have also preserved non-physical formats such as digitisations of their own physical holdings, including files of music, musical notation, e-mails and texts (e.g. from posthumous estates). Equally new is their STRUCTURE AND TASKS OF MUSIC LIBRARIES AND ARCHIVES function as aggregators, for example for streaming services. At present, Ger- many’s libraries must respond to changes in information infrastructure and Libraries concerned with music information and documentation basically fall the prospect of setting up a National Research Data Infrastructure (Nationale into two types: public music libraries (or general public libraries with music collec- Forschungsdateninfrastruktur, or NFDI) – a project discussed by Germany’s tions), and scholarly music libraries (or music departments in scholarly libraries). states and federal government.1 All of this naturally affects those institutions In addition to libraries at musical institutes of higher learning (Musikhochschulen), con cerned with and actively involved in music information and documenta tion, broadcasting companies and orchestras, the range also includes specialist libraries whether owing to the research data they themselves collect or to their respon- that maintain musical holdings, such as libraries at music research institutes or sibility for providing long-term access to findings from universities and other the musicology departments of universities. research bodies. This is accompanied by upheavals in key activities and pro- fessions. After all, libraries face a new challenge: even relatively new types of The world of archives also has institutions with extensive musical holdings, such re search data must likewise be collected, stored and made accessible. This in- as those associated with broadcasters, art academies or music publishers. There fluences the way that libraries work, forcing them to change and expand their also exist specialist archives devoted to particular composers, sometimes with ad- modes of operation. As a result, libraries and their fields of activity are currently joining museums (see Heike Fricke’s essay ‘Music Museums and Musical Instru- undergoing a major transformation. ment Collections’). State and regional archives also preserve material on music history and cultural life, including, for example, the records of court theatres or collections of programme leaflets. 466 467 Information and Documentation | Many of these institutions are members of the German chapter of the Interna- enlarged by provenance, though historically established points of emphasis natu- tional Association of Music Libraries, Archives and Documentation Centres (IAML). rally play a role. Some libraries and archives with a musical focus also take respon- As of May 2018 this chapter had 215 members, including 154 institutions and 61 in- sibility for interstate or even nationwide tasks. dividuals, making it one of the largest in IAML. Founded in Paris in 1951, IAML maintains three official languages – English, French and German – and has 26 na- Public music libraries tional branches throughout the world. Every year it holds an international con- gress at a different location. There is also a national congress in Germany, likewise The task of public music libraries, or public libraries with a music department, resides held at different locations. The German chapter of IAML publishes the periodical in offering a wide assortment of sheet music, books on music, musical periodicals, Forum Musikbibliothek,2 complementing IAML ’s international periodical Fontes sound recordings and audio-visual media from every area of music, whether for use Artis Musicae. on location or for taking out on loan. They also help by providing specialist informa- tion and supporting research. Recently public libraries have played an important role As befits its political subdivision into federal states, each with independence in as a so-called ‘third place’, a gathering spot or living space with special opportunities cultural matters, Germany has no publicly owned central institution that collects for exchanges and encounters. Depending on the size of the library, the spectrum (unpublished) musical sources, as the German Literature Archive in Marbach does for German literature. Holdings of individual institutions are mainly collected and Public music libraries turn into meeting places: reading corners, listening stations, musical instru- ments and concerts invite users to linger. Opposite page: after-work concert in the Central Library of Hamburg’s Bücherhallen. Left: the Wiesbaden Music Library. Right: the music library in Berlin’s Central and Regional Library 468 469 Information and Documentation | Fig. 1 | Public music libraries Source: German Music Information Centre, 2018 may also include scholarly editions, spe- cial refer ence works and secondary liter- ature. Generally the offerings are freely accessible and mainly serve the purposes of practical music life, sometimes even Stadtbücherei Neumünster including practice rooms. The libraries Stadtbibliothek Cuxhaven Bibliothek der Hansestadt Lübeck also place great stock in public relations Bücherhallen Hamburg by organising concerts, lectures and ex- Stadtbibliothek Bremerhaven Zentral- und Landes- bibliothek Berlin (ZLB) hibitions on the subject of music. No less Stadtbibliothek Bremen Stadtbibliothek Stadtbibliothek important is their role as a place of learn- Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg Pankow Stadtbibliothek Stadtbibliothek Stadtbibliothek ing and a meeting place for all age Charlottenburg- Marzahn-Hellersdorf Wolfsburg Wilmersdorf Stadtbibliothek Hannover groups – sites of information exchange Stadt- und Landes- bibliothek Potsdam Stadt- und Regional- PROPORTION BY TYPE OF Stadtbibliothek bibliothek Frankfurt for professional musicians, schools Stadtbibliothek Osnabrück (Oder) HOLDINGS Essen Stadtbibliothek Stadtbibliothek Magdeburg Stadtbibliothek Sheet music and the world of musical performance Stadt- Braunschweig Stadtbibliothek Neukölln bücherei Steglitz-Zehlendorf Münster Audio-visual and audio recordings 3 Stadtbibliothek Stadtbibliothek Stadt- und Regional- brought together. Duisburg Stadtbibliothek Herne Bielefeld bibliothek Cottbus Books Mediothek Krefeld Stadt- und Landes- Albert Vigoleis bibliothek Dortmund Stadtbibliothek Halle Leipziger Städtischer Bibliotheken Thelen Stadt- Stadtbücherei Bochum Stadtbibliothek Bautzen Large public libraries also preserve bibliothek Stadtbücherei Hagen TOTAL HOLDINGS Viersen Stadtbibliothek Wuppertal Ernst-Abbe- Stadtbüchereien Öffentliche Bibliothek der Stadt Remscheid Stadtbücherei Weimar Bücherei Jena 283,100 histor ical collections. A good example Düsseldorf Stadtbibliothek Köln Stadt- und Regional- bibliothek Erfurt 100,000 is the Central and Regional Library in Städtische Bibliotheken Dresden Stadtbibliothek Chemnitz 50,000 Stadtbibliothek Bonn Stadt- und Regionalbibliothek Gera Stadtbibliothek Aachen Berlin (Zentral- und Landesbibliothek), Stadt- und Kreisbibliothek Greiz Stadtbibliothek Zwickau 10,010 where, among other things, visitors may Stadtbibliothek Koblenz Vogtlandbibliothek Plauen Stadtbücherei Frankfurt am Main Note: The map shows public music libraries use a collection of more than 73,000 LPs Mauritius-Mediathek (Wiesbaden) that are generally maintained as separate departments or areas in municipal libraries RW21 Stadtbibliothek Bayreuth represent ing the output of sound record- Stadtbücherei Würzburg and offer specialist information from trained Öffentliche Bücherei Anna Seghers (Mainz) Städtische music librarians. The indicated holdings Musikschule include books, sheet music and audio-visual ings in the former state of East Ger many. Stadtbibliothek Palais Walderdorff Aschaffenburg Stadtbibliothek Erlangen and audio recordings, but not periodicals, im Bildungs- und Medienzentrum (Trier) Stadtbibliothek Mannheim special holdings or digital material specific One of the largest of Germany’s public Stadtbibliothek Stadtbibliothek im to music. Ludwigshafen Bildungscampus Nürnberg music libraries