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T Civil Society and Disarmament Civil Society and Disarm Iety and Disarmament Civil Society and Disarmament Civ Armament Civil S Civil society and disarmament Civil society and disarmament Civil society and disarmament Civil society and disarmament Civil society and disarmament Civil society and disarmament Civil society and disarma- ment Civil society and disarmament Civil society and disarmament Civil society and disarmament Civil society and disarmament Civil society and disarmament Civil society and disarmament Civil society and Civil Society and Disarmament disarmament Civil society and disarmament Civil society and 2018disarmament Civil society and disarmament Civil society and disarmament Civil society and disarmament Civil society and disarmament Civil society and disarmament Civil society and disarmament Civil society and disarmament Civil society and disarma- ment Civil society and disarmament Civil society and disarmament Civil society and disarmament Civil society and disarmament Civil society and disarmament Civil society and disarmament Civil society and disarmament Civil society and disarmament Civil society and disarmament Civil society and disarmament Civil society and disarmament Civil society and disarmament Civil society and disarmament Civil society and disarmament Civil society and disarmament CivilAdvocacy society by Non-governmental and disarmament Civil society and disarma- Organizations to Strengthen the ment Civil society and disarmament Civil societyUnited and disarmamentNations Programme Civil of Actionsociety and disarmament Civil on Small Arms and Light Weapons society and disarmament Civil society and disarmament Civil society and disarmament Civil society and disarmament Civil society and disarmament Civil society and disarmament Civil society and disarmament Civil society and disarmament Civil society and disarmament Civil society and disarmament Civil society and disarmament Civil society and disarmament Civil society and disarmament Civil society and disarma- ment Civil society and disarmament Civil society and disarmament Civil society and disarmament Civil society and disarmament Civil society and disarmament Civil society and disarmament Civil society and ISBN 978-92-1-139166-4 disarmament Civil society and disarmament Civil society and disarmament Civil society and disarmament Civil society and disarmament Civil society and disarmament Civil society and disarmament Civil society and disarmament18-22828 Civil society and disarmament Civil society and disarmament Civil society and disarma- ment Civil society and disarmament Civil society and disarmament Civil society and disarmament Civil society and disarmament Civil society and disarmament Civil society and disarmament Civil society and society and disarmament Civil society and disarmament Civil society and disarmament Civil society and CIVIL SOCIETY AND DISARMAMENT 2018 Advocacy by Non-governmental Organizations to Strengthen the United Nations Programme of Action on Small Arms and Light Weapons Note The United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs is publishing this material within the context of General Assembly resolution 73/79 on the United Nations Disarmament Information Programme in order to further an informed debate on topical issues of arms limitation, disarmament and security. This publication series aims to give civil society a platform to express views on disarmament and related matters. The material in this book includes original analysis by civil society representatives as well as previously issued statements and briefing papers, some of which have been updated by their authors to ensure clarity. The views of the authors are their own and do not necessarily reflect those of the United Nations or its Member States. Symbols of United Nations documents are composed of capital letters combined with figures. These documents are available in the official languages of the United Nations at http://ods.un.org. Specific disarmament-related documents can also be accessed through the disarmament reference collection at https://www.un.org/ disarmament/publications/library/. This publication is available at www.un.org/disarmament UNITED NATIONS PUBLICATION Sales No. E.19.IX.2 ISBN 978-92-1-139166-4 eISBN 978-92-1-047734-5 Copyright © United Nations, 2018 All rights reserved Printed in the United Nations, New York Contents Foreword vii I. Introduction 1 II. Strengthening the Political Process: The Third Review Conference 17 III. Strengthening the Programme of Action: Recommendations from Civil Society 37 A. Gender and Small Arms 40 B. Ammunition 63 C. Armed Violence and Crime 76 D. Synergies Between Instruments 87 E. National Gun Control Laws: Lessons Learned for the International Community 90 F. The Sustainable Development Goals and Small Arms and Light Weapons 106 IV. Seeking a More Inclusive Approach to Small Arms: Reflections from Non-governmental Organizations 117 A. Inclusion of Other Stakeholders 119 B. Violent Extremism and Small Arms and Light Weapons 124 C. Voices of Survivors of Gun Violence 130 Acknowledgements 133 Acronyms 134 iii Statements Six key issues for the 2018 Review Conference on the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons Dr. Natalie J. Goldring 17 Quick Guide: Results of the Third Review Conference on the Programme of Action Dr. Natalie J. Goldring 27 Why Gender is a Key Issue for RevCon3 Dr. Jasmin Nario-Galace 46 Women’s Participation in Arms Control: Examples from the Ground Dr. Jasmin Nario-Galace 49 Gender and Small Arms in the Pacific Region Ema Tagicakibau 52 PoA reporting: The numbers behind Call to Action Dr. Jasmin Nario-Galace 55 Gender Norms and Gun Violence Ray Acheson 60 The Programme of Action on Small Arms: Incomplete Without the Inclusion of Ammunition Brian Wood and Lawrence Robinson 63 The Need for Marking and Recordkeeping of Ammunition Ivan Marques 73 Preventing Crimes and Violent Deaths Involving Small Arms and Light Weapons Brian Wood 76 The Need for Sustained and Integrated Work Across Relevant Agendas Dr. Natalie J. Goldring 87 Australian Gun Law Reform Rebecca Peters AO 92 Gun Control and Crime Reduction: The Brazilian Experience Ivan Marques 97 iv Did Gun Control Cause the Fall in Gun Crime? The Data Support the Claim Joseph Dube 102 Challenges and Opportunities to Contain Cross-border Gun Trafficking Magda Coss 104 Illicit Flows of Small Arms and Light Weapon and Sustainable Development Brian Wood 106 Gun Violence and the Sustainable Development Goals: Beyond SDG 16.4 Rebecca Peters AO 114 Inclusion of Parliamentarians: “Connecting the Dots” Karin Olofsson 119 Integrating Public Health into the UN Programme of Action Dr. Cathey Falvo 121 Importance of PoA Implementation in Africa Victor Amisi 124 Action Needed to End Small Arms Abuse Fuelling Violent Extremism in Africa Seydi Gassama 127 How a Bullet Changed My Life Forever Alexander Galvez 130 v Foreword This edition of Civil Society and Disarmament explores recent work by the International Action Network on Small Arms (IANSA) to counter the misuse, diversion, and illicit proliferation of small arms, light weapons, and their ammunition. The volume places particular emphasis on statements and briefing papers issued by IANSA member organizations in the context of the Third Review Conference of the United Nations Programme of Action (PoA) to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (RevCon3), held from 19 to 29 June 2018 in New York. While IANSA has made a limited number of updates to previously issued statements and briefing papers for clarity, these documents largely remain as they were originally delivered. This compilation therefore has utility both as a historical resource and as a record of civil society positions on the future of the PoA process. Part One provides a broad overview of the problems stemming from inadequate management of small arms, light weapons, and their ammunition; the efforts of IANSA to tackle such issues in cooperation with Member States; and relevant international instruments. Parts Two, Three and Four present the perspectives of various IANSA member organizations through statements they delivered at RevCon3 as well as during its Preparatory Committee, held in New York from 19 to 23 March 2018. Part Two focuses on established areas of concern in the Programme vii of Action framework, while Parts Three and Four focus on relevant emerging issues and trends. The present volume reflects IANSA’s efforts to engage constructively with States and intergovernmental organizations, arguing not only for effective implementation of the Programme of Action and other instruments, but also for their development as living – not static – documents. In the view of IANSA, the international community needs up-to-date tools in order to respond to the evolving global threats posed by the misuse, diversion, and illicit proliferation of small arms, light weapons, and their ammunition. viii I. Introduction Poor management of weapons and ammunition is a matter of alarming concern. The easy availability and misuse of small arms and light weapons, and their ammunition, is a major problem in countries across all world regions, resulting in extensive human suffering and loss of life. Small arms and light weapons and their associated ammunition, can be misused and diverted to unauthorized recipients such as rebels, gangs, criminal organizations, pirates, and terrorist groups, producing havoc and harm on a massive scale. The human costs of such proliferation and abuse – both direct and indirect costs – are enormous. Over the past decade, around 535,000 deaths have been caused each year directly
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