DOCSLIB.ORG

Basics of Cinematography HCID 521

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Basics of Cinematography HCID 521 University of Washington Basics of Cinematography HCID 521 January 2015 Justin Hamacher University of Washington Cinematography Basics INTRODUCTION 2 Justin Hamacher Overview University of Washington 30% SENIOR ON-SHORE 3 Justin Hamacher University of Washington Cinematography Principles Storyboarding 4 Justin Hamacher University of Washington Cinematography Principles 5 Justin Hamacher University of Washington Planes of the Image • Background = part of the image that is the furthest distance from the camera • Middle ground = midpoint within the image • Foreground = part of the image that is the closest to the camera Justin Hamacher University of Washington Framing Framing = using the borders of the cinematic image (the film frame) to select and compose what is visible onscreen In filming, the frame is formed by the viewfinder on the camera In projection, it is formed by the screen Justin Hamacher University of Washington Cropping Cropping refers to the removal of the outer parts of an image to improve framing, accentuate subject matter or change aspect ratio. Justin Hamacher University of Washington Framing: Camera Height Relative height of the camera in relation to eye-level At eye level Below eye level Justin Hamacher University of Washington Framing: Camera Level The camera’s relative horizontal position in relation to the horizon • Parallel to horizon • Canted framing Justin Hamacher University of Washington Framing: Camera Angle Vantage point imposed on image by camera’s position Straight-On High Angle Low Angle Justin Hamacher University of Washington Speed of Motion Rate at which images are recorded and projected The standard frame rate for movies is 24 frames per second Filming at higher rate (>24 fps) results in motion appearing slowed-down when projected at 24 fps Filming at a lower rate (<24 fps) results in motion appearing sped-up when projected at 24 fps. Justin Hamacher University of Washington Shot Duration Length of time the shot is held before an edit • Long Take = shot that lasts for an extended period of time before cutting to the next shot in the scene • Sequence Shot = when an entire scene is shot in one take with no edits and no interruption in filming Justin Hamacher University of Washington Types of Shots 14 Justin Hamacher University of Washington Extreme Long Shot Content of shot appears at an extreme distance. If figures appear in the shot they are too small to clearly identify. Justin Hamacher University of Washington Long Shot Figures can be seen in full view (body fills the frame) with some area above and below visible. Background can also be clearly seen. Justin Hamacher University of Washington Medium Long Shot Figures can be seen from the knees up. Background is largely visible within the frame. Justin Hamacher University of Washington Medium Shot Figures are visible from the waist up. Some background is visible within the frame. Justin Hamacher University of Washington Medium Close-Up Figures are visible from the middle of the chest to the top of the head. Limited back-ground is visible within the frame. Justin Hamacher University of Washington Close-Up In the case of figures, a single part of the body (most often the face) fills the frame vertically. In the case of objects, the object fills the frame vertically. Justin Hamacher University of Washington Extreme Close-Up A single detail of an object or a figure fills the entire frame. Justin Hamacher University of Washington Storyboarding 22 Justin Hamacher University of Washington STORYBOARDING 23 Justin Hamacher University of Washington TOOLS Pencil/Blue Line Pencil Paper (with Panels) Ink 24 Justin Hamacher University of Washington BLUE LINE 25 Justin Hamacher University of Washington EXAMPLES Justin Hamacher University of Washington THINGS TO REMEMBER: • Shoot more than you will use • Connect emotionally with viewers • Do not be afraid to be bold • Importance of sound • Consider your audience • Keep narrative moving • Check your audio/film for quality regularly • Have fun • Environment (weather consistency, etc) 27 Justin Hamacher .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Toland Asc Digital Assistant
    TOLAND ASC DIGITAL ASSISTANT PAINTING WITH LIGHT or more than 70 years, the American Cinematographer Manual has been the key technical resource for cinematographers around the world. Chemical Wed- ding is proud to be partners with the American Society of Cinematographers in bringing you Toland ASC Digital Assistant for the iPhone or iPod Touch. FCinematography is a strange and wonderful craft that combines cutting-edge technology, skill and the management of both time and personnel. Its practitioners “paint” with light whilst juggling some pretty challenging logistics. We think it fitting to dedicate this application to Gregg Toland, ASC, whose work on such classic films as Citizen Kane revolutionized the craft of cinematography. While not every aspect of the ASC Manual is included in Toland, it is designed to give solutions to most of cinematography’s technical challenges. This application is not meant to replace the ASC Manual, but rather serve as a companion to it. We strongly encourage you to refer to the manual for a rich and complete understanding of cin- ematography techniques. The formulae that are the backbone of this application can be found within the ASC Manual. The camera and lens data have largely been taken from manufacturers’ speci- fications and field-tested where possible. While every effort has been made to perfect this application, Chemical Wedding and the ASC offer Toland on an “as is” basis; we cannot guarantee that Toland will be infallible. That said, Toland has been rigorously tested by some extremely exacting individuals and we are confident of its accuracy. Since many issues related to cinematography are highly subjective, especially with re- gard to Depth of Field and HMI “flicker” speeds, the results Toland provides are based upon idealized scenarios.
    [Show full text]
  • The General Idea Behind Editing in Narrative Film Is the Coordination of One Shot with Another in Order to Create a Coherent, Artistically Pleasing, Meaningful Whole
    Chapter 4: Editing Film 125: The Textbook © Lynne Lerych The general idea behind editing in narrative film is the coordination of one shot with another in order to create a coherent, artistically pleasing, meaningful whole. The system of editing employed in narrative film is called continuity editing – its purpose is to create and provide efficient, functional transitions. Sounds simple enough, right?1 Yeah, no. It’s not really that simple. These three desired qualities of narrative film editing – coherence, artistry, and meaning – are not easy to achieve, especially when you consider what the film editor begins with. The typical shooting phase of a typical two-hour narrative feature film lasts about eight weeks. During that time, the cinematography team may record anywhere from 20 or 30 hours of film on the relatively low end – up to the 240 hours of film that James Cameron and his cinematographer, Russell Carpenter, shot for Titanic – which eventually weighed in at 3 hours and 14 minutes by the time it reached theatres. Most filmmakers will shoot somewhere in between these extremes. No matter how you look at it, though, the editor knows from the outset that in all likelihood less than ten percent of the film shot will make its way into the final product. As if the sheer weight of the available footage weren’t enough, there is the reality that most scenes in feature films are shot out of sequence – in other words, they are typically shot in neither the chronological order of the story nor the temporal order of the film.
    [Show full text]
  • 151 Australasian Journal of Information Systems Volume 13 Number 2 May 2006
    AN EXPLORATION OF USER INTERFACE DESIGNS FOR REAL-TIME PANORAMIC PHOTOGRAPHY Patrick Baudisch, Desney Tan, Drew Steedly, Eric Rudolph, Matt Uyttendaele, Chris Pal, and Richard Szeliski Microsoft Research One Microsoft Way Redmond, WA 98052, USA Email: {baudisch, desney, steedly, erudolph, mattu, szeliski}@ microsoft.com pal@ cs.umass.edu ABSTRACT Image stitching allows users to combine multiple regular-sized photographs into a single wide-angle picture, often referred to as a panoramic picture. To create such a panoramic picture, users traditionally first take all the photographs, then upload them to a PC and stitch. During stitching, however, users often discover that the produced panorama contains artifacts or is incomplete. Fixing these flaws requires retaking individual images, which is often difficult by this time. In this paper, we present Panoramic Viewfinder, an interactive system for panorama construction that offers a real-time preview of the panorama while shooting. As the user swipes the camera across the scene, each photo is immediately added to the preview. By making ghosting and stitching failures apparent, the system allows users to immediately retake necessary images. The system also provides a preview of the cropped panorama. When this preview includes all desired scene elements, users know that the panorama will be complete. Unlike earlier work in the field of real-time stitching, this paper focuses on the user interface aspects of real-time stitching. We describe our prototype, individual shooting modes, and provide an overview of our implementation. Building on our experiences with Panoramic Viewfinder, we discuss a separate design that relaxes the level of synchrony between user and camera required by the current system and provide usage flexibility that we believe might further improve the user experience.
    [Show full text]
  • Panorama Photography by Andrew Mcdonald
    Panorama Photography by Andrew McDonald Crater Lake - Andrew McDonald (10520 x 3736 - 39.3MP) What is a Panorama? A panorama is any wide-angle view or representation of a physical space, whether in painting, drawing, photography, film/video, or a three-dimensional model. Downtown Kansas City, MO – Andrew McDonald (16614 x 4195 - 69.6MP) How do I make a panorama? Cropping of normal image (4256 x 2832 - 12.0MP) Union Pacific 3985-Andrew McDonald (4256 x 1583 - 6.7MP) • Some Cameras have had this built in • APS Cameras had a setting that would indicate to the printer that the image should be printed as a panorama and would mask the screen off. Some 35mm P&S cameras would show a mask to help with composition. • Advantages • No special equipment or technique required • Best (only?) option for scenes with lots of movement • Disadvantages • Reduction in resolution since you are cutting away portions of the image • Depending on resolution may only be adequate for web or smaller prints How do I make a panorama? Multiple Image Stitching + + = • Digital cameras do this automatically or assist Snake River Overlook – Andrew McDonald (7086 x 2833 - 20.0MP) • Some newer cameras do this by “sweeping the camera” across the scene while holding the shutter button. Images are stitched in-camera. • Other cameras show the left or right edge of prior image to help with composition of next image. Stitching may be done in-camera or multiple images are created. • Advantages • Resolution can be very high by using telephoto lenses to take smaller slices of the scene
    [Show full text]
  • Cinematography
    CINEMATOGRAPHY ESSENTIAL CONCEPTS • The filmmaker controls the cinematographic qualities of the shot – not only what is filmed but also how it is filmed • Cinematographic qualities involve three factors: 1. the photographic aspects of the shot 2. the framing of the shot 3. the duration of the shot In other words, cinematography is affected by choices in: 1. Photographic aspects of the shot 2. Framing 3. Duration of the shot 1. Photographic image • The study of the photographic image includes: A. Range of tonalities B. Speed of motion C. Perspective 1.A: Tonalities of the photographic image The range of tonalities include: I. Contrast – black & white; color It can be controlled with lighting, filters, film stock, laboratory processing, postproduction II. Exposure – how much light passes through the camera lens Image too dark, underexposed; or too bright, overexposed Exposure can be controlled with filters 1.A. Tonality - cont Tonality can be changed after filming: Tinting – dipping developed film in dye Dark areas remain black & gray; light areas pick up color Toning - dipping during developing of positive print Dark areas colored light area; white/faintly colored 1.A. Tonality - cont • Photochemically – based filmmaking can have the tonality fixed. Done by color timer or grader in the laboratory • Digital grading used today. A scanner converts film to digital files, creating a digital intermediate (DI). DI is adjusted with software and scanned back onto negative 1.B.: Speed of motion • Depends on the relation between the rate at which
    [Show full text]
  • Choosing Between Communication Studies and Film Studies
    Choosing Between Communication Studies and Film Studies Many students with an interest in media arts come to UNCW. They often struggle with whether to major in Communication Studies (COM) or Film Studies (FST). This brief position statement is designed to help in that decision. Common Ground Both programs have at least three things in common. First, they share a common set of technologies and software. Both shoot projects in digital video. Both use Adobe Creative Suite for manipulation of digital images, in particular, Adobe Premiere for video editing. Second, they both address the genre of documentaries. Documentaries blend the interests of both “news” and “narrative” in compelling ways and consequently are of interest to both departments. Finally, both departments are “studies” departments: Communication Studies and Film Studies. Those labels indicate that issues such as history, criticism and theories matter and form the context for the study of any particular skills. Neither department is attempting to compete with Full Sail or other technical training institutes. Critical thinking and application of theory to practice are critical to success in FST and COM. Communication Studies The primary purposes for the majority of video projects are to inform and persuade. Creativity and artistry are encouraged within a wide variety of client- centered and audience-centered production genres. With rare exception, projects are approached with the goal of local or regional broadcast. Many projects are service learning oriented such as creating productions for area non-profit organizations. Students will create public service announcements (PSA), news and sports programming, interview and entertainment prog- rams, training videos, short form documentaries and informational and promotional videos.
    [Show full text]
  • Using Dragonframe 4.Pdf
    Using DRAGONFRAME 4 Welcome Dragonframe is a stop-motion solution created by professional anima- tors—for professional animators. It's designed to complement how the pros animate. We hope this manual helps you get up to speed with Dragonframe quickly. The chapters in this guide give you the information you need to know to get proficient with Dragonframe: “Big Picture” on page 1 helps you get started with Dragonframe. “User Interface” on page 13 gives a tour of Dragonframe’s features. “Camera Connections” on page 39 helps you connect cameras to Drag- onframe. “Cinematography Tools” on page 73 and “Animation Tools” on page 107 give details on Dragonframe’s main workspaces. “Using the Timeline” on page 129 explains how to use the timeline in the Animation window to edit frames. “Alternative Shooting Techniques (Non Stop Motion)” on page 145 explains how to use Dragonframe for time-lapse. “Managing Your Projects and Files” on page 149 shows how to use Dragonframe to organize and manage your project. “Working with Audio Clips” on page 159 and “Reading Dialogue Tracks” on page 171 explain how to add an audip clip and create a track reading. “Using the X-Sheet” on page 187 explains our virtual exposure sheet. “Automate Lighting with DMX” on page 211 describes how to use DMX to automate lights. “Adding Input and Output Triggers” on page 241 has an overview of using Dragonframe to trigger events. “Motion Control” on page 249 helps you integrate your rig with the Arc Motion Control workspace or helps you use other motion control rigs.
    [Show full text]
  • Module Title Introduction to Cinematography
    Module Title Introduction to Cinematography (New) Programme(s)/Course Film Practice Level 5 Semester 1 Ref No: Credit Value 20 CAT Points Student Study hours Contact hours: 48 Student managed learning hours: 152 Pre-requisite learning None Co-requisites None Excluded None combinations Module Coordinator TBA Parent School Division of Film and Media, School of Arts & Creative Industries Parent Course Film Practice Description This Module provides both skills-based training in the use of High Definition (HD) cameras as well as the opportunity to study the techniques and aesthetics of cinematography. Students will be exposed to the particular demands and possibilities of working with High Definition cameras and editing workflows, and will be asked to shoot scenes according to specified aesthetic and dramatic criteria. Students will be encouraged to work from their own scripts as developed in the adjacent filmmaking workshops, thereby creating a system of feedback where learning outcomes in one part of the course feed into another. Aims The aims of this Module are to: Train students to work proficiently with HD cameras. Introduce students to methods for managing and editing HD video resources. Develop students’ ability to manipulate cameras to achieve specific stylistic and dramatic effects. Introduce students to the standards, practices and techniques of HD cinematography Learning outcomes On successful completion of this module students will be able to: Knowledge and Understanding 1. Work with a range of Digital Cinema Cameras to capture appropriately exposed, focused and colour balanced images. Intellectual Skills 2. Translate ideas into shot-sequences. 3. Translate internal states into visible action in effectively composed images.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction to Cinematography
    FILM REFERENCE LIBRARY RESEARCH GUIDE: Intro to Cinematography, 1 Introduction to Cinematography This guide is designed to assist our patrons new to cinematography by providing key resources to use as a starting point in their research. Use this information to refine your search, and contact library staff with any follow-up questions or for further research assistance. Subject Headings A subject heading can help you refine your search, making it easier to find exactly what you are looking for. To find books on cinematography that are available in the Film Examples of subject headings related to Reference Library, use the following subject headings: cinematography: CINEMATOGRAPHY CINEMATOGRAPHY – HISTORY CINEMATOGRAPHY – LIGHTING CINEMATOGRAPHY – SPECIAL EFFECTS ANIMATION (CINEMATOGRAPHY) AUTEUR THEORY – MOTION PICTURES MOTION PICTURES – AESTHETICS Created February, 2020 FILM REFERENCE LIBRARY RESEARCH GUIDE: Intro to Cinematography, 2 Recommended Books Books provide a comprehensive overview of a larger topic, making them an excellent resource to start your research with. Chromatic cinema : a history of screen color by Richard Misek. Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010 Cinematography : theory and practice : imagemaking for cinematographers and directors by Blain Brown. Publisher: Routledge, 2016 Digital compositing for film and video : production workflows and techniques by Steve Wright. Publisher: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, 2018 Every frame a Rembrandt : art and practice of cinematography by Andrew Laszlo. Publisher: Focal Press, 2000 Hollywood Lighting from the Silent Era to Film Noir by Patrick Keating. Publisher: Columbia University Press, 2010 The aesthetics and psychology of the cinema by Jean Mitry. Publisher: Indiana State University Press, 1997 The art of the cinematographer : a survey and interviews with five masters by Leonard Martin.
    [Show full text]
  • A Good Practices Guide for Digital Image Correlation
    A Good Practices Guide for Digital Image Correlation Standardization, Good Practices, and Uncertainty Quantication Committee October, 2018 Safety Disclaimer This guide does not address the health or safety concerns regarding applying DIC in a mechanical testing or laboratory environment. It is the responsibility of the laboratory and user to determine the appropriate safety and health requirements. ii Copyright ©2018 by International Digital Image Correlation Society (iDICs) Some rights reserved. This publication may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, but only without alteration and with full attribution to the Inter- national Digital Image Correlation Society (iDICs). Exception is given in the case of brief quotations embodied in other documents with full attribution to the International Digital Image Correlation Society, but not in a way that suggests endorsement of the other document by the International Digital Image Correlation Society. For permission requests, contact the International Digital Image Correlation Society at [email protected]. DOI: 10.32720/idics/gpg.ed1/print.format Electronic copies of this guide are available at www.idics.org. Suggested citation: International Digital Image Correlation Society, Jones, E.M.C. and Iadicola, M.A. (Eds.) (2018). A Good Practices Guide for Digital Image Correlation. https://doi.org/10.32720/idics/gpg.ed1/print.format. iii About this Guide The International Digital Image Correlation Society (iDICs) was founded in 2015 as a nonprofit scientific and educational organization committed to training and educating users of digital image correlation (DIC) systems. iDICs is composed of members from academia, government, and industry, and develops world-recognized DIC training and certifications to improve industry practice of DIC for general applications, with em- phasis on both research and establishing standards for DIC measurement techniques.
    [Show full text]
  • Cinematography in the Piano
    Cinematography in The Piano Amber Inman, Alex Emry, and Phil Harty The Argument • Through Campion’s use of cinematography, the viewer is able to closely follow the mental processes of Ada as she decides to throw her piano overboard and give up the old life associated with it for a new one. The viewer is also able to distinctly see Ada’s plan change to include throwing herself in with the piano, and then her will choosing life. The Clip [Click image or blue dot to play clip] The Argument • Through Campion’s use of cinematography, the viewer is able to closely follow the mental processes of Ada as she decides to throw her piano overboard and give up the old life associated with it for a new one. The viewer is also able to distinctly see her plan change to include throwing herself in with the piano, and then her will choosing life. Tilt Shot • Flora is framed between Ada and Baines – She, being the middle man in their conversations, is centered between them, and the selective focus brings our attention to this relationship. • Tilt down to close up of hands meeting – This tilt shows that although Flora interprets for them, there is a nonverbal relationship that exists outside of the need for her translation. • Cut to Ada signing – This mid-range shot allows the viewer to see Ada’s quick break from Baines’ hand to issue the order to throw the piano overboard. The speed with which Ada breaks away shows that this was a planned event. Tilt Shot [Click image or blue dot to play clip] Close-up of Oars • Motif – The oars and accompanying chants serve as a motif within this scene.
    [Show full text]
  • The Integrity of the Image
    world press photo Report THE INTEGRITY OF THE IMAGE Current practices and accepted standards relating to the manipulation of still images in photojournalism and documentary photography A World Press Photo Research Project By Dr David Campbell November 2014 Published by the World Press Photo Academy Contents Executive Summary 2 8 Detecting Manipulation 14 1 Introduction 3 9 Verification 16 2 Methodology 4 10 Conclusion 18 3 Meaning of Manipulation 5 Appendix I: Research Questions 19 4 History of Manipulation 6 Appendix II: Resources: Formal Statements on Photographic Manipulation 19 5 Impact of Digital Revolution 7 About the Author 20 6 Accepted Standards and Current Practices 10 About World Press Photo 20 7 Grey Area of Processing 12 world press photo 1 | The Integrity of the Image – David Campbell/World Press Photo Executive Summary 1 The World Press Photo research project on “The Integrity of the 6 What constitutes a “minor” versus an “excessive” change is necessarily Image” was commissioned in June 2014 in order to assess what current interpretative. Respondents say that judgment is on a case-by-case basis, practice and accepted standards relating to the manipulation of still and suggest that there will never be a clear line demarcating these concepts. images in photojournalism and documentary photography are world- wide. 7 We are now in an era of computational photography, where most cameras capture data rather than images. This means that there is no 2 The research is based on a survey of 45 industry professionals from original image, and that all images require processing to exist. 15 countries, conducted using both semi-structured personal interviews and email correspondence, and supplemented with secondary research of online and library resources.
    [Show full text]