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Home , Cinematography, Cropping (image)

University of Washington

Basics of HCID 521

January 2015

Justin Hamacher University of Washington

Cinematography Basics INTRODUCTION

2 Justin Hamacher Overview University of Washington

30% SENIOR ON-SHORE

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Cinematography Principles Storyboarding

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Cinematography Principles

5 Justin Hamacher University of Washington Planes of the • Background = part of the image that is the furthest distance from the

• Middle ground = midpoint within the image

• Foreground = part of the image that is the closest to the camera

Justin Hamacher University of Washington

Framing = using the borders of the cinematic image (the frame) to select and compose what is visible onscreen

In filming, the frame is formed by the viewfinder on the camera

In projection, it is formed by the screen

Justin Hamacher University of Washington

Cropping refers to the removal of the outer parts of an image to improve framing, accentuate subject matter or change .

Justin Hamacher University of Washington Framing: Camera Height

Relative height of the camera in relation to eye-level

At eye level

Below eye level

Justin Hamacher University of Washington Framing: Camera Level

The camera’s relative horizontal position in relation to the horizon

• Parallel to horizon

• Canted framing

Justin Hamacher University of Washington Framing: Vantage point imposed on image by camera’s position

Straight-On

High Angle

Low Angle

Justin Hamacher University of Washington Speed of Motion

Rate at which are recorded and projected

The standard for movies is 24 frames per second

Filming at higher rate (>24 fps) results in motion appearing slowed-down when projected at 24 fps

Filming at a lower rate (<24 fps) results in motion appearing sped-up when projected at 24 fps. Justin Hamacher University of Washington Duration Length of time the shot is held before an edit • = shot that lasts for an extended period of time before cutting to the next shot in the scene

• Sequence Shot = when an entire scene is shot in one take with no edits and no interruption in filming

Justin Hamacher University of Washington

Types of Shots

14 Justin Hamacher University of Washington Extreme Long Shot Content of shot appears at an extreme distance. If figures appear in the shot they are too small to clearly identify.

Justin Hamacher University of Washington Long Shot Figures can be seen in full view (body fills the frame) with some area above and below visible. Background can also be clearly seen.

Justin Hamacher University of Washington Medium Long Shot Figures can be seen from the knees up. Background is largely visible within the frame.

Justin Hamacher University of Washington Figures are visible from the waist up. Some background is visible within the frame.

Justin Hamacher University of Washington Medium Close-Up Figures are visible from the middle of the chest to the top of the head. Limited back-ground is visible within the frame.

Justin Hamacher University of Washington Close-Up In the case of figures, a single part of the body (most often the face) fills the frame vertically. In the case of objects, the object fills the frame vertically.

Justin Hamacher University of Washington Extreme Close-Up

A single detail of an object or a figure fills the entire frame.

Justin Hamacher University of Washington

Storyboarding

22 Justin Hamacher University of Washington STORYBOARDING

23 Justin Hamacher University of Washington TOOLS

Pencil/Blue Line Pencil Paper (with Panels) Ink

24 Justin Hamacher University of Washington BLUE LINE

25 Justin Hamacher University of Washington EXAMPLES

Justin Hamacher University of Washington THINGS TO REMEMBER:

• Shoot more than you will use • Connect emotionally with viewers

• Do not be afraid to be bold • Importance of sound

• Consider your audience • Keep moving

• Check your audio/film for quality regularly • Have fun

• Environment (weather consistency, etc)

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