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International Labour Review and the ILO: Milestones in a Shared History International International Labour Office Labour Geneva Review 2013 S1 > Volume 152 January S PECIAL S UPPLEMENT THE InteRnatiOnal LABOUR ReVIEW anD THE ILO: MilestOnes IN A SHARED HistORY The International Labour Review and the ILO: Milestones in a shared history P. BOLLÉ The work of the Geneva Conference L. JOUHAUX Economic recovery and labour market problems in Sweden: II B. OHLIN Mr Keynes’ “General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money” A. P. LERNER A programme for family security in Sweden A. MYRDAL The maintenance of full employment after the transition period: A comparison of the problem in the United States and United Kingdom M. KALECKI The causes of unemployment in less developed countries and some research topics W. A. LEWIS Trade policy and employment growth J. TINBERGEN Work and rights A. SEN The global crisis, social protection and jobs J. STIGLITZ THE INTERNATIONAL LABOUR REVIEW The International Labour Review is the world’s leading multidisciplinary journal of labour market institutions and economics. Its aim is to advance academic research and inform policy debate and decision-making in these fields by bringing together the original thinking of lawyers, economists, sociologists, political scientists and industrial relations specialists on a broad range of labour market policy and social protection concerns. The International Labour Review is committed to an editorial policy that combines accessibility with rigorous, insightful analysis and the highest scholarly stand- ards (for information on the submission of manuscripts, see www.blackwellpublishing.com/ilr). EDITORIAL BOARD Raymond Torres (Chair), Director of the International Institute for Labour Studies, Geneva Peter Doeringer, Professor of Economics, Department of Economics, Boston University Jayati Ghosh, Professor, Centre for Economic Studies and Planning, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi Adrián Goldin, Professor of Labour Law and Social Security, University of San Andrés and University of Buenos Aires Dominique Méda, Professor, University of Paris Dauphine; titular of the Chair in Eco-conversion, work, employment and social policies, Collège d’études mondiales; and Fellow, Centre for Employ- ment Studies, Noisy-le-Grand (France) Guy Mundlak, Professor of Labour Law, Tel Aviv University Paul Osterman, Professor, M.I.T. Sloan School of Management, Cambridge, MA EDITORIAL ADVISERS Bina Agarwal (University of Delhi); Richard Anker (Political Economy Research Institute, Uni- versity of Massachusetts); Eileen Applebaum (Center for Women and Work, Rutgers University); Graciela Bensusán (Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico); Jan Breman (Amster- dam School for Social Science Research); Arturo Bronstein (Secretary-General of the Inter- national Society for Labour Law and Social Security); Fang Cai (Chinese Academy of Social Sciences); Simon Deakin (University of Cambridge); Gus Edgren (Development Econo- mist); Louis Emmerij (Graduate Center of the City University of New York); Álvaro Espina Montero (Ministerio de Economía y Hacienda, Madrid); Jean-Paul Fitoussi (Observatoire Français des Conjonctures Economiques); Richard Freeman (Harvard University); Mark Harcourt (Univer- sity of Waikato, New Zealand); Sanford M. Jacoby (University of California at Los Angeles); Ravi Kanbur (Cornell University); Samuel Lanfranco (York University, Canada); Brian Langille (Uni- versity of Toronto); Bernd von Maydell (Emeritus, Max-Planck-Institut für Ausländisches und Inter- nationales Sozialrecht); Claudio de Moura Castro (Pitagoras College, Brazil); Martha Nussbaum (University of Chicago); Antonio Ojeda Avilés (Universidad de Sevilla); Michael J. Piore (Massachu- setts Institute of Technology); David Post (Penn State University); Derek Robinson (Emeritus Fellow, Magdalen College, Oxford); Amartya Sen (Harvard University); Kazuo Sugeno (Tokyo University); Alain Supiot (Université de Nantes and Institut Universitaire de France); Sam Wangwe (Economic and Social Research Foundation, Dar es Salaam). Managing Editor: Mark Lansky Editors: Patrick Bollé and Marie-Christine Nallet (French edition), Deborah Adams, Kate Pfeiffenberger and Mark Lansky (English edition), Lola Montero Cué (Spanish edition) Editorial Assistant: Kate Pfeiffenberger Design and production: ILO Document and Publications Production, Printing and Distribution Branch Editorial Office: International Labour Office, 4 route des Morillons, CH-1211 Geneva 22, Switzer- land. Tel: +41 22 799 7903; email: [email protected]; web site: www.ilo.org/revue. The International Labour Organization was set up in 1919 under the Treaty of Versailles, which ended the First World War, and has been a specialized agency of the United Nations since 1946. Its aim is to contribute to the establishment of universal and lasting peace by promoting social justice. With its unique tripartite structure and Governing Body – including representatives of government and of employers’ and workers’ organizations – the ILO has, over the years, adopted a widely res- pected code of international labour Conventions and Recommendations. It also provides expert advice and technical assistance to its member States through a worldwide network of field offices. The International Institute for Labour Studies is the research and education arm of the ILO and, in that capacity, manages the International Labour Review on the Organization’s behalf. The designations used in ILO publications, which are in conformity with United Nations practice, and the presentation of material therein do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the International Labour Office concerning the legal status of any country, area or terri- tory or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers. 2013 S1 > Volume 152/S1 January International Labour Review SPECIAL SUPPLEMENT THE INTERNATIONAL LABOUR REVIEW AND THE ILO: MILESTONES IN A SHARED HISTORY Contents 1 As the ILO is approaching its 100th anniversary, so is the International Labour Review. By way of introduction to this retrospective Special Supplement, which reproduces a number of articles written for the Review by winners of the Nobel Peace Prize or the Nobel Prize for economics, the author looks back at the journal’s history, recalling its early days since the 1919 Treaty of Versailles, its subsequent development, broadening international readership and adaptation to the digital age. He concludes with a brief presentation of the selected authors and their work, which is considered in the context of current research and debate. [ ] 13 Léon Jouhaux Léon Jouhaux was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1951. He devoted “a long life of work and struggle to elevate the working classes – and first of all to improve their conditions. [...] He is here because from his earliest years he has time after time thrown himself into the fight for peace and against war”. [ ] 15 19 Bertil Ohlin In 1935, the world’s wealthiest countries were experiencing the worst of the eco- nomic crisis, victims of deflation and mass unemployment. Yet in Sweden, the recession had been less serious, and the recovery faster. Why? This question aroused considerable interest at the time. In the article reproduced here, Bertil Ohlin, who had written reports on the global crisis and on unemployment in Sweden – and later received the Nobel Prize for economics …[ ] 20 36 Abba P. Lerner The article by Abba P. Lerner reproduced here was the first to explain Keynes’ em- ployment theory in simple and generally intelligible terms; indeed, the article had been read and approved by Keynes prior to publication. Born in Romania, Abba P. Lerner studied in Cambridge before teaching at a number of universities includ- ing the London School of Economics and the University of California (Berkeley). [ ] 37 47 Alva Myrdal In addition to its prescient economic policy in the early 1930s, Sweden is notable for the policy of family support it adopted. Alva Myrdal – who was later awarded the Nobel Peace Prize – was closely associated with the development of a popu- lation policy in Sweden. In the article reproduced here, she explains the particular concerns in Sweden and the nature of the policy recommended and applied. [ ] 48 59 Michal Kalecki Michal Kalecki was a Polish economist whose contributions to macroeconomics influenced Keynesian economists. After studying civil engineering in Warsaw and Gdansk, Kalecki began his career at the Research Institute of Business Cycles and Prices in Warsaw. He later worked at the Oxford Institute of Statistics, where he developed his pre-Keynesian ideas… [ ] 60 66 Sir W. Arthur Lewis W. Arthur Lewis was born on the island of St Lucia. He taught political economics at several universities and worked at the United Nations in the 1950s, before em- barking on a career at Princeton. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for economics in 1979, jointly with T. W. Schultz, for their work on development economics. [ ] 67 74 Jan Tinbergen At the end of 1969, Jan Tinbergen, who received the Nobel Prize for economics that same year, participated in a meeting to advise the ILO on research priorities for its newly created World Employment Programme. His presentation dealt with international trade policy and its effects on job creation. [ ] 75 81 Amartya Sen Awarded the Nobel Prize for economics in 1998, Sen is a creative author who explores the boundaries between economics and philosophy. In 1975, he wrote a seminal study on employment for the ILO, entitled Employment, technology and development: A study prepared for
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