Effects of Fermionic Singlet Neutrinos on High-And Low-Energy Observables

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Effects of Fermionic Singlet Neutrinos on High-And Low-Energy Observables UNIVERSITÉ PARIS-SUD XI ÉCOLE DOCTORALE 517 “PARTICULES, NOYAUX ET COSMOS” Laboratoire de Physique Théorique - UMR 8627 THÈSE DE DOCTORAT EN PHYSIQUE THÉORIQUE soutenue publiquement le 04 juillet 2013 par Cédric WEILAND arXiv:1311.5860v1 [hep-ph] 22 Nov 2013 Effects of fermionic singlet neutrinos on high- and low-energy observables Directrice de thèse: Asmâa ABADA Professeur Composition du jury Président du jury: Achille Stocchi Professeur Rapporteurs: María José Herrero Solans Professeur Thomas Schwetz-Mangold Chargé de recherche Examinateurs: Martin Hirsch Chargé de recherche Stéphane Lavignac Chargé de recherche Thèse publiée sous licence Creative Commons Attribution Pas d’Utilisation Commerciale Partage à l’Identique 3.0 3 EFFETS DES NEUTRINOS SINGULETS FERMIONIQUES SUR LES OBSERVABLES DE HAUTE ET BASSE ÉNERGIE Résumé Dans cette thèse, nous étudions à la fois des observables de basse et de haute éner- gie liées à la présence de neutrinos massifs. Les oscillations de neutrino ont apporté des preuves indiscutables en faveur de l’existence d’angles de mélange et de masses non-nuls. Néanmoins, la formulation originale du Modèle Standard ne permet pas d’expliquer ces observations, d’où la nécessité d’introduire de nouveaux modèles. Parmi de nombreuses possibilités, nous nous concentrons ici sur le seesaw inverse, un mécan- isme générant des neutrinos massifs via l’ajout de fermions singulets de jauge au Modèle Standard. Ce modèle offre une alternative attractive aux réalisations habituelles du seesaw puisqu’il a des couplages de Yukawa potentiellement naturels ( (1)) tout en O conservant l’échelle de la nouvelle physique à des énergies accessibles au LHC. Parmi de nombreux effets, ce scénario peut générer de larges écarts à l’universalité leptonique. Nous avons étudié ces signatures et trouvé que les rapports RK et Rπ constituent de nouvelles contraintes pour le seesaw inverse. Nous nous sommes aussi intéressés à l’intégration de l’inverse seesaw dans différents modèles supersymétriques. Ceci con- duit à une augmentation de la section efficace de divers processus violant la saveur leptonique du fait de contributions plus importantes venant des diagrammes pingouins comportant un boson de Higgs ou Z0. Finalement, nous avons aussi montré que les nouveaux canaux de désintégration ouverts par la présence de neutrinos stériles dans les modèles de seesaw inverse supersymétriques peuvent significativement relaxer les contraintes sur la masse et les couplages d’un boson de Higgs CP-impair. Mots Clés: Modèle Standard, Neutrinos, Inverse Seesaw, Supersymétrie, Violation de la saveur leptonique, Violation de l’universalité leptonique Thèse préparée au LABORATOIRE DE PHYSIQUE THÉORIQUE D’ORSAY, Bâtiment 210, Université Paris-Sud 11, 91405 Orsay Cedex 4 EFFECTS OF FERMIONIC SINGLET NEUTRINOS ON HIGH- AND LOW-ENERGY OBSERVABLES Abstract In this doctoral thesis, we study both low- and high-energy observables related to massive neutrinos. Neutrino oscillations have provided indisputable evidence in favour of non-zero neutrino masses and mixings. However, the original formulation of the Standard Model cannot account for these observations, which calls for the in- troduction of new Physics. Among many possibilities, we focus here on the inverse seesaw, a neutrino mass generation mechanism in which the Standard Model is exten- ded with fermionic gauge singlets. This model offers an attractive alternative to the usual seesaw realisations since it can potentially have natural Yukawa couplings ( (1)) while keeping the new Physics scale at energies within reach of the LHC. AmongO the many possible effects, this scenario can lead to deviations from lepton flavour univer- sality. We have investigated these signatures and found that the ratios RK and Rπ provide new, additional constraints on the inverse seesaw. We have also considered the embedding of the inverse seesaw in supersymmetric models. This leads to increased rates for various lepton flavour violating processes, due to enhanced contributions from penguin diagrams mediated by the Higgs and Z0 bosons. Finally, we also found that the new invisible decay channels associated with the sterile neutrinos present in the supersymmetric inverse seesaw could significantly weaken the constraints on the mass and couplings of a light CP-odd Higgs boson. Keywords: Standard Model, Neutrinos, Inverse Seesaw, Supersymmetry, Lepton Flavour Violation, Lepton Universality Violation Thesis prepared at the LABORATOIRE DE PHYSIQUE THÉORIQUE D’ORSAY, Bâtiment 210, Université Paris-Sud 11, 91405 Orsay Cedex 5 Remerciements Je voudrais tout d’abord remercier Henk Hilhorst, le directeur du Laboratoire de Physique Théorique d’Orsay, pour son accueil chaleureux au sein du laboratoire mais aussi le personnel administratif qui aura grandement facilité mon séjour et les nom- breuses démarches liées à la vie d’un jeune chercheur. Je garderai d’agréables souvenirs de mes trois années passées au LPT, que ce soit pour l’ambiance détendue mais stud- ieuse ou la disponibilité des chercheurs du laboratoire. Je pense spécialement à Damir Becirevic qui aura pris le temps de discuter avec moi quand l’heure de la recherche d’un postdoc fut venue. Je tiens tout particulièrement à remercier les membres de mon jury de thèse qui ont accepté de lire ma thèse et de se déplacer, pour certains depuis l’étranger. Merci à Achille Stocchi d’avoir assuré la présidence de ce jury, merci à María José Herrero Solans et à Thomas Schwetz-Mangold d’avoir accepté d’être rapporteurs et de relire mon manuscrit dans un délai aussi court, merci à Martin Hirsch et à Stéphane Lavignac pour leur présence et les discussions qui suivirent ma soutenance. Enfin, merci pour toutes les remarques, suggestions et corrections qui contribuèrent à améliorer la qualité de ce manuscrit. Parmi les membres du jury, Asmâa Abada tient une place particulière. Elle a en effet accepté d’être ma directrice de thèse, veillant sur ma croissance scientifique, part- ageant son expérience et me délivrant de judicieux conseils. Elle a aussi supporté mes nombreuses questions, y répondant toujours de bon cœur, ainsi que mon entêtement à vouloir explorer certains sujets. Pour tout cela, je lui suis reconnaissant et redevable. Je voudrais aussi remercier Debottam Das et Avelino Vicente avec qui j’ai collaboré durant ma thèse. Nous avons eu de nombreuses discussions enrichissantes et ils ont su me transmettre leurs connaissances. Un grand merci à Ana Teixeira en particulier. Elle m’a appris beaucoup en Physique mais aussi sur le monde de la recherche. Je n’aurais pu espérer de meilleure collaboratrice pour ma dernière année de thèse. J’ai également une pensée pour tous les doctorants du laboratoire et les discussions toujours passionnantes que nous avons eues, qu’elles aient été scientifiques ou non. En particulier, je remercie ceux qui ont partagé mon bureau: Julien Baglio, Adrien Besse et Michele Lucente. Ils ont supporté mes tics et défauts, faisant toujours preuve d’un bon esprit rafraîchissant. Merci aussi à Guillaume Toucas qui m’a beaucoup appris sur la QCD et a toujours été partant pour une bonne bière. Je souhaiterais aussi remercier Hitoshi Murayama, l’IPMU et la JSPS de m’avoir invité au Japon. Ce séjour fut enrichissant à tout point de vue. J’y découvris une nouvelle culture et un nouveau domaine de la physique théorique. J’eus l’occasion de 6 partager une machiya avec des gens géniaux (Sophie Blondel, James Mott et Jonathan Davies) et de présenter mes travaux lors de Neutrino 2012. Enfin, j’y ai rencontré de nombreux autres jeunes (ou moins jeunes) chercheurs dont l’enthousiasme fut com- municatif. J’ai une pensée particulière pour Richard Ruiz, compagnon de travail mais aussi camarade lors de nombreuses sorties tokyoïtes. J’ai bien conscience de ne pouvoir nommer tout ceux qui rendirent ce séjour inoubliable, qu’ils m’en pardonnent. Une composante indéniable du succès de cette thèse a été le soutien de ma fa- mille, qu’elle en soit remerciée, tout particulièrement ma mère. Enfin, ces trois années auraient été complètement différentes sans la présence en Île-de-France de Romain Vasseur, Mandy Muller, Alexandre Lazarescu et Wahb Ettoumi. Ils ont été les cobayes malgré eux de mes expérimentations culinaires et mixologiques lors de nombreuses soirées mais aussi les meilleurs compagnons de voyage possibles pour découvrir New York et l’Ouest américain. Nous avons partagé nos joies et nos peines durant notre doctorat, ils ont été mes amis durant ces six dernières années. 7 Acknowledgements I would like to begin by thanking Henk Hilhorst, the director of the Laboratoire de Physique Théorique d’Orsay, for his warm welcome to the laboratory but also the administrative staff who made my stay easier and helped with the numerous procedures that arise in the life of a young researcher. I will keep pleasant memories of the three years that I spent in the LPT, be it for the relaxed but studious atmosphere or the availability of the researchers. I think in particular of Damir Becirevic who spent a lot of time discussing with me when I was looking for a postdoc. I want to deeply thank the members of my examination committee who agreed to read my thesis and had to travel, some of them from foreign countries. Thanks to Achille Stocchi who presided this committee, thanks to María José Herrero Solans and Thomas Schwetz-Mangold who agreed to report on my thesis on such a short time, thanks to Martin Hirsch and Stéphane Lavignac for coming and for the discussions we had after my defence. Last but not least, thanks for all the remarks, suggestions and corrections that helped improve this manuscript. Among the member of my jury, Asmâa Abada has a special place. She accepted to be my PhD advisor, watching over my scientific growth, sharing her experience and giving me sensible pieces of advice. She also endured my numerous questions, always answering them wholeheartedly, and my stubbornness to explore some topics.
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