REFERENCES CITED

Annual Reports of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 1887- U. S. Government Printing Office, washington, D.C .. 1920 Ball, Diane E. 1976 Dynamics of Population and Wealth in Eighteenth Century Chester county, Pennsyl vania. Journal of Inter­ disciplinary History 6(4):621-644. Bausman, Richard O. 1940 An Economic study of Land Utilization of Kent county, Delaware. University of Delaware Agricultural Experimental Station Bulletin 224. Newark, Delaware. 1941 An Economic study of Land Utilization in New Castle county, Delaware. University of Delaware Agricultural Experimental Station Bulletin 228. Newark, Delaware. Benenson, Carol A. and Mark A. Bower 1987 Architectural Investigations of the U.S. Route 13 Relief Route, New Castle and Kent Counties, Delaware. Delaware Department of Transportation Historic Architectural Series No. 55, Dover. Berman, Bruce 1972 Encyclopedia of American Shipwrecks. Mariners Press, Boston. Caley, George 1968 A Brief History of Smyrna, Delaware. Smyrna Bicentennial Committee, Smyrna. Conrad, Henry C. 1908 History of the State of Delaware. 3 vols. Henry C. Conrad, wilmington. custer, J. F. 1982 A Reconsideration of the Middle Woodland CuI tures of the Upper Delmarva Penninsula. In practicing Environmental Archaeology: Methods and Interpretations. Occasional Papers of the American Indian Archaeological Institute No.3, edited by R. Moeller, pp. 29-38. Washington, ct. 1984a Delaware Prehistoric Archaeology: An Ecological Approach. University of Delaware Press, Newark 1984b Analysis of Collections from three Barker's Landing Complex Sites, Kent County, Delaware. University of Delaware Center for Archaeological Research Report No. 3. Newark.

128 custer, J. F. and D. C. Bachman 1986a Prehistoric Use of Bay/Basin Features on the Delmarva Peninsula. Southeastern Archaeology 5(1):1-10.

1986b An Archaeological Planning Survey of Selected Portions of the Proposed Route 13 Corridor, New Castle County, Delaware. Delaware Department of Transportation Archaeology Series No. 44. Dover, DE. custer, J. F., D. C. Bachman and D. J. Grettler 1986 An Archaeological Planning Survey of Selected Portions of the Proposed Route 13 Corridor, Kent County, Delaware. Delaware Department of Transportation Archaeology Series No. 45. Dover, Delaware.

1987 Phase I and II Archaeological Research Plan, U.S. Route 13 Relief Route, Kent and New Castle Counties, DE. Delaware Department of Transportation Archaeology Series 54. Dover, DE. custer, J. F., J. Cavallo, and R. M. Stewart 1983 Paleo-Indian Adaptations on the Coastal Plain of Delaware and New Jersey. North American Archaeologist 4: 263- 2 7 6. custer, J. F. and Colleen De Santis 1986 A Management Plan for the Prehistoric Archaeological Resources of Northern Delaware. Bulletin of the Archaeological Society of Delaware 21. custer, J. F. and D. R. Griffith 1986 Late woodland Cultures of the Southern Delmarva Peninsula. In Late woodland Cultures of the Middle Atlantic Region, edited by J. F. Custer. University of Delaware Press, Newark. custer, Jay F., Patricia A. Jehle, Thomas Klatka, and Timothy Eveleigh 1984 A Cultural Resource Reconnaissance of the Proposed Route 13 Highway Corridor, New Castle and Kent Counties, Delaware. Delaware Department of Transportation Archaeology Series No. 30, Dover. custer, J. F., and S. C. watson 1985 Archaeological Investigations at 7NC-E-42, A Contact Period Site in New Castle County, Delaware. Journal of Middle Atlantic Archaeology 1:97-115.

Delaware Division of Historical and Cultural Affairs 1977 Carey Farm Site (7K-D-3) National Register Nomination. Division of Historical and Cultural Affairs, Dover. Ms. on file.

129 Duncan, Archibald 1806 The Mariner's Chronicle. 4 vols. John Humphries, Philadelphia.

Galasso, G. J. 1983 Prehistoric Site Distributions in Central Kent County, Delaware. Undergraduate Honors Thesis in Anthropology. University of Delaware, Newark. Hancock, H. 1932 A History of the Delaware Peach Industry. Ms. on file, Special Collections Room, Morris Library, University of Delaware, Newark. 1947 Agriculture in Delaware, 1789-1900. In Delaware: A History of the First state, vol. 1, edited by H. Clay Reed, pp. 373-389. Lewis Historical, New York. 1976 A History of Kent County, DE. Kent County Bicentennial Commission, Dover. Hoffecker, C. E. 1973 Readings in Delaware History. University of Delaware Press, Newark.

1977 Delaware: A Bicentennial History. w. w. Norton and Company, Inc., New Yo rk. Hudson, John C. 1969 A Location Theory for Rural Settlement. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 59(2):365-381. Jordan, R. R. 1964 Columbia (Pleistocene) Sediments of Delaware. Delaware Geological Survey Bulletin No. 12, Newark. Laws of the state of Delaware 1797 Laws of the State of Delaware. Vols. I and II. Samuel and John Adams, New Castle, Delaware. Lemon, James T. 1972 The Best Poor Man's country: A Geographical Study of Early Southeastern Pennsylvania. Johns Hopkins, Baltimore. Matthews, E. D. and O. L. Lavoie 1970 Soil Survey of New Castle County, Delaware. United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, washington, D.C. Munroe, John A. 1978 Colonial Delaware: A History. KTO Press, Millwood, N.Y. 1984 History of Delaware. 2nd. ed. University of Delaware, Newark.

130 pennsylvania Archives 1891 Land Warrants for New Castle, Kent and Sussex Counties, ca. 1735. pennsylvania Archives 7(1891):193-204.

Scharf, J. Thomas 1888 History of Delaware, 1609-1888. Vols. I and II. L. J. Richards and Co, philadelphia.

Stewart, R. M., C. Hummer, and J. F. Custer 1986 Late woodland Cultures of the Upper Delmarva Peninsula and Lower and Middle Delaware River valley. In Late Woodland Cultures of the Middle Atlantic Region, edited by J. F. Custer. University of Delaware Press, Newark. weslager, C. A. 1961 Dutch Explorers, Traders, and Settlers in the Delaware River valley, 1609-1664. University of Pennsylvania Press, philadelphia.

1967 The English on the Delaware: 1610-1682. Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, New Jersey.

Wise, Cara L. 1979 Early Historic Settlement in Delaware Revisited: The st. Jones Neck Archaeological Survey. Paper presented at the Ninth Annual Middle Atlantic Archaeological Conference, Rehoboth Beach, Delaware.

1980 Changing Colonial Settlement Patterns in Delaware's Coastal Plain. Ms. on file at The University of Delaware Center for Archaeological Research, Newark, Delaware.

MAP SOURCES CONSULTED

Atlas of the State of Delaware. Pomeroy and Beers, Philadelphia, 1868. Atlas of the State of Delaware. G. William Baist, Philadelphia, 1893. Map of Kent County, Delaware. A. D. Byles, Philadelphia, 1859. USGS Topographic Survey 1906, Dover folio. A Map of the Counties of New castle, Kent, and Sussex Upon the Delaware. Drawn by Benjamin Eastburn, Surveyor, 1737.

131 MANUSCRIPT SOURCES CONSULTED

Delaware state Archives

New Castle County Levy Court, Road Petitions 1744-1934, Record Group 2200

Kent County Levy Court Records, Record Group 3200

New Castle and Kent County Deed Books

Duck Creek, Little Creek, Dover Hundred Tax Lists 1797, 1803-04. Kent County Land Warrants and Surveys

Kent county Orphans Court Records

Kent County Ms. Census Records 1800, 1810, 1820

Historical Society of Delaware

Geneological Surname File

Historical Society of pennsylvania

Penn Manuscript Warrants and Surveys

Newspapers

Pennsylvania Gazette

Smyrna Times American Watchman and Delaware Republican

Delaware State Journal

Delaware State Journal and Advertiser Delaware Gazette and American Watchman

132 PERSONNEL Jay F. Custer, Principal Investigator, Director, University of Delaware Center for Archaeological Research, Associate Professor of Anthropology. B.A. in Anthropology, Franklin and Marshall College. M.A., Ph.D. in Anthropology, Catholic University of America. Eighteen years experience in archaeological research in the Middle Atlantic. David C. Bachman, Project Manager B.A. in Anthropology, Arizona State University. M.A. in Anthropology, University of Delaware. Nine years experience in archaeological research in the Middle Atlantic region. David J. Grettler, Crew Chief and Historic Research B.A. in History/Anthropology, Pennsylvania state University. M.A. in American History, University of Delaware. Ph.D. Candidate, American Civilization Program, University of Delaware. Five years of archaeological research in the Middle Atlantic Area.

Glen Mellin, Crew Chief B.A. in Anthropology, University of Delaware. Nineteen years of archaeological experience in historic and prehistoric archaeological research in the Middle Atlantic region. Angela Hoseth, Crew Chief B.A. in Anthropology, B.S. in Geography, University of North Dakota. Six years experience in research in Middle Atlantic and Plains archaeology. Jay Hodny, Crew Chief B.A. in Anthropology, B.S. in Geography, University of North Dakota. Six years experience in Plains, Mid-West, and Middle Atlantic archaeology. Dave Beck, Field Crew B.A. candidate in Anthropology, University of Delaware. Tom Bernardo, Graphic Artist B.F.A. candidate in Illustration, University of Delaware. One year experience as a free-lance artist. Claire Brassington, B.A. in Anthropology, university of Delaware. Two years experience in archaeological research in Delaware. Dan Brassington, Field Crew B.A. in History, University of Delaware. One year experience in Delaware archaeology.

133 Jim Card, Field Crew B.A. Biology, Florida state university. M.A. candidate in Archaeology, Florida state university. Six years experience in prehistoric and historic archaeology in Florida and pennsylvania.

Gary Carpenter, Field Crew Undergraduate student at Delaware Technical College.

Wade Catts, Field Crew B.A. in Anthropology/History, University of Delaware. M.A. candidate in History, University of Delaware. Six years experience in archaeological research in the Middle Atlantic. Chris Cheng, Graphic Artist B.F.A. candidate in Fine Arts, University of Delaware. Two years experience in publication and graphics. Dawn Cheshaek, Field Crew B.A. candidate in Anthropology and Philosophy, University of Delaware. Gayle Clements, Field Crew B.A. and B.S. in the Technology of Artistic and Historic Objects, University of Delaware. Ellis C. Coleman, Field Crew B.A. in Geology/Anthropology, Washington and Lee University; M.A. in Anthropology/Archaeology, University of Georgia. Nine years experience in historic and prehistoric archaeological research in Virginia, washington, D.C., Georgia, Missouri, New Mexico, Delaware, and France. Colleen De Santis, Report Preparation B.A. in Anthropology, University of Delaware. Eight years experience in archaeological research in the Middle Atlantic. Keith Doms, Lab Manager B.A. in An thropol ogy, Uni vers i ty of Del aware. Eight years experience in archaeological research in the Middle Atlantic. steve Eisenbrey, Field Crew Student, Paul M. Hodgson Vocational School. Colleen Fleming, Field Crew B.A. Candidate in Anthropology, University of Delaware.

Jack Goudsward, Field Crew B.A. in Anthropology and Sociology, William Paterson College. Eight years experience in Middle Atlantic archaeology.

134 Bill Goldsmith, Field Crew B.A. Anthropology, Franklin Pierce College. M.A. candidate in Anthropology, Eastern New Mexico state University. Five years experience in the archaeology of North America and Israel. Barbara Hsiao, Photographic Technician B.A. candidate in Anthropology, University of Delaware. Two years experience in archaeological research in Delaware.

Joel Klenck, Field Crew B.A. candidate in Anthropology, Northwestern University. Two years experience in North American archaeology. Matthew Lesley, Field Crew Student, Smyrna High School, Smyrna, Delaware. Charles Linder, Field Crew B.S. in Psychology, university of Delaware. Eileen M. McMahon, Field Crew and Report Preparation B.A. in Anthropology, University of Delaware. Two years experience in archaeological research in Delaware.

Claire Narrod, Field Crew B.A. in Anthropology, Wheaton College. Three years experience in archaeology in Arizona, Massachusetts, and Pennsylvania. Michael Nolan, Field Crew Graduate of McKean High School. One year experience in Delaware archaeology. Kathy Owen, Field Crew B.A. in Anthropology and Sociology, University of Delaware. One year experience in Delaware archaeology. Deborah Page, Field Crew B.A. Candidate in Anthropology, University of Delaware. One year experience in Middle Atlantic archaeology. Lynn Riley, Data Entry and Report Preparation B.A. candidate in Anthropology, University of Delaware. One year experience in archaeological research in Delaware.

Peggy Tatnall, Historic Research B.A. in Sociology and M.A. in History, University of Delaware. Ph.D. candidate in American History, University of Delaware. One year of experience in historic research in the Middle Atlantic region. Scott C. watson, Archival Research B.A. in Anthropology, University of Delaware. Six years experience in archaeological research in the Middle Atlantic.

135