Hodgkin's Lymphoma Unresponsive to Rituximab Or a Rituximab
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Activity of Rituximab and Ofatumumab Against Mantle
ACTIVITY OF RITUXIMAB AND OFATUMUMAB AGAINST MANTLE CELL LYMPHOMA(MCL) IN VITRO IN MCL CELL LINES BY COMPLEMENT DEPENDENT CYTOTOXICITY (CDC)AND ANTIBODY-DEPENDENT CELL MEDIATED CYTOTOXICITY ASSAYS(ADCC) Dr. Gopichand Pendurti M.B.B.S Mentor: Dr. Francisco J. Hernandez-Ilizaliturri MD Overview of presentation •Introduction to mantle cell lymphoma. •Concept of minimal residual disease. •Anti CD 20 antibodies. •51Cr release assays. •Flow cytometry on cell lines. •Results. •Future. MANTLE CELL LYMPHOMA •Mantle cell lymphoma is characterized by abnormal proliferation of mature B lymphocytes derived from naïve B cells. •Constitutes about 5% of all patients with Non Hodgkin's lymphoma. •Predominantly in males with M:F ratio 2.7:1 with onset at advanced age (median age 60yrs). •It is an aggressive lymphoma with median survival of patients being 3-4 years. •Often presents as stage III-IV with lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, gastrointestinal involvement, peripheral blood involvement. Pedro Jares, Dolors Colomer and Elias Campo Genetic and molecular pathogenesis of mantle cell lymphoma: perspectives for new targeted therapeutics Nature revision of cancer 2007 October:7(10):750-62 •Genetic hallmark is t(11:14)(q13:q32) translocation leading to over expression of cyclin D1 which has one of the important pathogenetic role in deregulating the cell cycle. •Other pathogentic mechanisms include molecular and chromosomal alterations that Target proteins that regulate the cell cycle and senecense (BMI1,INK4a,ARF,CDK4 AND RB1). Interfere with cellular -
Refreshing the Biologic Pipeline 2020
news feature Credit: Science Lab / Alamy Stock Photo Refreshing the biologic pipeline 2020 In the absence of face-to-face meetings, FDA and industry implemented regulatory workarounds to maintain drug and biologics approvals. These could be here to stay. John Hodgson OVID-19 might have been expected since 1996) — a small miracle in itself “COVID-19 confronted us with the need to severely impair drug approvals (Fig. 1 and Table 1). to better triage sponsors’ questions,” says Cin 2020. In the event, however, To the usual crop of rare disease and Peter Marks, the director of the Center for industry and regulators delivered a small genetic-niche cancer treatments, 2020 Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER) miracle. They found workarounds and also added a chimeric antigen receptor at the FDA. “That was perhaps the single surrogate methods of engagement. Starting (CAR)-T cell therapy with a cleaner biggest takeaway from the pandemic related in January 2020, when the outbreak veered manufacturing process and the first to product applications.” Marks says that it westward, the number of face-to face approved blockbuster indication for a became very apparent with some COVID- meetings declined rapidly; by March, small-interfering RNA (siRNA) — the 19-related files that resolving a single they were replaced by Webex and Teams. European Medicines Agency’s (EMA) issue can help a sponsor enormously and (Secure Zoom meeting are to be added registration of the RNA interference accelerate the development cycle. Before this year.) And remarkably, by 31 December, (RNAi) therapy Leqvio (inclisiran) for COVID-19, it was conceivable that a small the US Food and Drug Administration cardiovascular disease. -
Cancer Drug Shortages: Who's Minding the Store?
✽ ✽ [ News ✽ Analysis ✽ Commentary ✽ Controversy ] February 25, 2011 Vol. 33 No. 4 oncology-times.com Publishing for O33 Years NCOLOGY The Independent TIMES Hem/Onc News Source Cancer Drug Shortages: Who’s Minding the Store? he recent shortages of certain chemotherapy agents and other key drugs raise Tquestions about who’s in charge of the national drug supply and how to ensure availability when there are limited fi nancial incentives and no mandates that manu- facturers notify the FDA about upcoming shortages. Here’s what experts are saying. Page 25 iStockphoto.com/klenova ASCO: For Patients with Advanced Cancer, Start Frank Talks about Options Soon after Diagnosis p.22 iStockphoto.com ODAC Backs FDA on Post-Marketing Medical Home Concept Comes Studies for Accelerated-Approval to Oncology p.45 Drugs p.8 [ ALSO ] SHOP TALK . 4 JOE SIMONE: The Self-Referral Boom . .15 MIKKAEL SEKERES: On (cology) Language . .16 Colorectal Cancer: Best to Start Chemo by 4 Weeks After Surgery . 18 Breast Cancer: 4 Cycles of Adjuvant Chemo Usually Suffi cient . 36 WENDY HARPHAM: ‘It’s OK’. 40 POETRY BY CANCER CAREGIVERS . 47 Ph+ ALL: Early Use of Imatinib Extends Long-Term Survival. 49 Twitter.com/OncologyTimes PERIODICALS bitly.com/oncologytimes 9 oncology times Saturating Liver Cancers with Chemotherapy Found to Extend Survival & Decrease Toxicity athing liver tumors in chemo- The study included 93 patients: said Charles Nutting, DO, FSIR, an Btherapy increases survival, accord- 44 received PHP and 49 had interventional radiologist at Swedish ing to a Phase III trial reported at the standard treatment (typically systemic Medical Center in Denver. -
Neuro-Ophthalmic Side Effects of Molecularly Targeted Cancer Drugs
Eye (2018) 32, 287–301 © 2018 Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature. All rights reserved 0950-222X/18 www.nature.com/eye 1,2,3 4 Neuro-ophthalmic side MT Bhatti and AKS Salama REVIEW effects of molecularly targeted cancer drugs Abstract The past two decades has been an amazing time culminated in indescribable violence and in the advancement of cancer treatment. Mole- unspeakable death. However, amazingly within cularly targeted therapy is a concept in which the confines of war have risen some of the specific cellular molecules (overexpressed, greatest advancements in medicine. It is within mutationally activated, or selectively expressed this setting—in particular World War II with the proteins) are manipulated in an advantageous study of mustard gas—that the annals of cancer manner to decrease the transformation, prolif- chemotherapy began touching the lives of eration, and/or survival of cancer cells. In millions of people. It is estimated that in 2016, addition, increased knowledge of the role of the over 1.6 million people in the United States will immune system in carcinogenesis has led to the be diagnosed with cancer and over a half a development of immune checkpoint inhibitors million will die.1 The amount of money being to restore and enhance cellular-mediated anti- spent on research and development of new tumor immunity. The United States Food and cancer therapies is staggering with a record $43 Drug Administration approval of the chimeric billion dollars spent in 2014. Nearly 30% of all monoclonal antibody (mAb) rituximab in 1997 registered clinical trials on the clinicaltrials.gov 1Department of for the treatment of B cell non-Hodgkin lym- website pertain to cancer drugs. -
Whither Radioimmunotherapy: to Be Or Not to Be? Damian J
Published OnlineFirst April 20, 2017; DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-16-2523 Cancer Perspective Research Whither Radioimmunotherapy: To Be or Not To Be? Damian J. Green1,2 and Oliver W. Press1,2,3 Abstract Therapy of cancer with radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies employing multistep "pretargeting" methods, particularly those has produced impressive results in preclinical experiments and in utilizing bispecific antibodies, have greatly enhanced the thera- clinical trials conducted in radiosensitive malignancies, particu- peutic efficacy of radioimmunotherapy and diminished its toxi- larly B-cell lymphomas. Two "first-generation," directly radiola- cities. The dramatically improved therapeutic index of bispecific beled anti-CD20 antibodies, 131iodine-tositumomab and 90yttri- antibody pretargeting appears to be sufficiently compelling to um-ibritumomab tiuxetan, were FDA-approved more than a justify human clinical trials and reinvigorate enthusiasm for decade ago but have been little utilized because of a variety of radioimmunotherapy in the treatment of malignancies, particu- medical, financial, and logistic obstacles. Newer technologies larly lymphomas. Cancer Res; 77(9); 1–6. Ó2017 AACR. "To be, or not to be, that is the question: Whether 'tis nobler in the pembrolizumab (anti-PD-1), which are not directly cytotoxic mind to suffer the slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, or to take for cancer cells but "release the brakes" on the immune system, arms against a sea of troubles, And by opposing end them." Hamlet. allowing cytotoxic T cells to be more effective at recognizing –William Shakespeare. and killing cancer cells. Outstanding results have already been demonstrated with checkpoint inhibiting antibodies even in far Introduction advanced refractory solid tumors including melanoma, lung cancer, Hodgkin lymphoma and are under study for a multi- Impact of monoclonal antibodies on the field of clinical tude of other malignancies (4–6). -
B-Cell Targets to Treat Antibody-Mediated Rejection In
Muro et al. Int J Transplant Res Med 2016, 2:023 Volume 2 | Issue 2 International Journal of Transplantation Research and Medicine Commentary: Open Access B-Cell Targets to Treat Antibody-Mediated Rejection in Transplantation Manuel Muro1*, Santiago Llorente2, Jose A Galian1, Francisco Boix1, Jorge Eguia1, Gema Gonzalez-Martinez1, Maria R Moya-Quiles1 and Alfredo Minguela1 1Immunology Service, University Clinic Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Spain 2Nephrology Service, University Clinic Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Spain *Corresponding author: Manuel Muro, PhD, Immunology Service, University Clinic Hospital “Virgen de la Arrixaca”, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain, Tel: 34-968-369599, E-mail: [email protected] Antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) in allograft transplantation APRIL (a proliferation-inducing ligand). These co-activation signals can be defined with a rapid increase in the levels of specific are required for B-cell differentiation into plasma cell and enhancing serological parameters after organ transplantation, presence of donor their posterior survival and are a key determinant of whether specific antibodies (DSAs) against human leukocyte antigen (HLA) developing B-cells will survive or die during the establishment molecules, blood group (ABO) antigens and/or endothelial cell of immuno-tolerance [5,6]. Important used agents commercially antigens (e.g. MICA, ECA, Vimentin, or ETAR) and also particular available are Tocilizumab (anti-IL6R) and Belimumab (BAFF). histological parameters [1,2]. If the AMR persists or progresses, the The receptors of BAFF and APRIL could also be important as treatment to eliminate the humoral component of acute rejection eventual targets, for example BAFF-R, TACI (transmembrane include three sequential steps: (a) steroid pulses, antibody removal activator and calcium modulator and cyclophyllin ligand interactor) (plasma exchange or immuno-adsorption) and high doses of and BCMA (B-cell maturation antigen). -
Antibody-Drug Conjugates (Adcs) – Biotherapeutic Bullets
Sean L Kitson Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs) – Biotherapeutic bullets SEAN L KITSON*, DEREK J QUINN, THOMAS S MOODY, DAVID SPEED, WILLIAM WATTERS, DAVID ROZZELL *Corresponding author Almac, Department of Biocatalysis and Isotope Chemistry, 20 Seagoe Industrial Estate, Craigavon, BT63 5QD, United Kingdom (chimeric human-murine IgG1 targeting EGF receptor) and KEYWORDS panitumumab (human IgG2 targeting EGF receptor) for the Antibody-drug conjugate; ADC; monoclonal antibody; treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (5). cancer; carbon-14; linker; immunotherapy. This technology of tailoring MAbs has been exploited to develop delivery systems for radionuclides to image and treat a variety of cancers (6). This led to the hypothesis that a ABSTRACT cancer patient would first receive a radionuclide antibody capable of imaging the tumour volume. The images of the Immunotherapies especially targeted towards oncology, tumour are obtained by using one or more combinations of based on antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have the following methods: planar imaging; single photon recently been boosted by the US Food and Drug emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron Administration approval of Adcetris to treat Hodgkin’s emission tomography (PET) (7). These techniques can be lymphoma and Kadcyla for metastatic breast cancer. extended to hybrid imaging systems incorporating PET (or The emphasis of this article is to provide an overview of SPECT) with computed tomography (CT) or magnetic the design of ADCs in order to examine their ability to 30 resonance imaging (MRI) (8). find and kill tumour cells. A particular focus will be on the relationship between the cytotoxic drug, chemical The imaging process is first used to locate the precise position linker and the type of monoclonal antibody (MAb) used of the tumour and ascertain the appropriate level of the to make up the components of the ADC. -
Evaluation of Next-Generation Anti-CD20 Antibodies Labeled with Zirconium 89 In
Journal of Nuclear Medicine, published on January 18, 2018 as doi:10.2967/jnumed.117.203299 Evaluation of Next-Generation Anti-CD20 Antibodies Labeled with Zirconium 89 in Human Lymphoma Xenografts Jason T. Yoon†,1, Mark S. Longtine†,1, Bernadette V. Marquez-Nostra1,2, and Richard L. Wahl1 †Contributed equally. 1Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110. 2Current address: Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 056520. First author (Jason Yoon) address: as noted above. Phone, 714-364-7560; E-mail, [email protected] For correspondence or reprints contact: Richard Wahl, MD Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Campus Box 8131, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110 Telephone: (314) 362-7100, Fax: (314)747-4189 Email: [email protected] Financial Support: This study was funded, in part, by Radiological Society of North America Education and Research Foundation Medical Student research award, RMS1646, to JTY and RLW. BVMN is supported by the National Institutes of Health (grant 1K99CA201601). Word Count of Manuscript: 4,994 Running Title: Next-Generation 89Zr-Anti-CD20 mAbs ABSTRACT Radioimmunotherapies with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to the B-lymphocyte antigen 20 (CD20) are effective treatments for B-cell lymphomas, but United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved radioimmunotherapies exclusively use radiolabeled murine antibodies, potentially limiting re-dosing. The FDA recently approved two unlabeled anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies, obinutizumab and ofatumumab, termed "next generation" as they are humanized (obinituzumab) or fully human (ofatumumab), thus potentially allowing a greater potential for re-dosing than with previous generation anti-CD20 antibodies, including rituximab (chimeric) and tositumumab (murine) which contain more murine peptide sequences. -
One Target, Different Effects: a Comparison of Distinct Therapeutic Antibodies Against the Same Targets
EXPERIMENTAL and MOLECULAR MEDICINE, Vol. 43, No. 10, 539-549, October 2011 One target, different effects: a comparison of distinct therapeutic antibodies against the same targets Hyunbo Shim ple, four antibodies against TNF-α have been approved by the FDA -- infliximab, adalimumab, golimumab, and Department of Life Science certolizumab pegol -- with many more in clinical and Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences preclinical development. The situation is similar for Ewha Womans University HER2, CD20, EGFR, and VEGF, each having one or Seoul 120-750, Korea more approved antibodies and many more under Correspondence: Tel, 82-2-3277-4240; development. This review discusses the different bind- Fax, 82-2-3277-3760; E-mail, [email protected] ing characteristics, mechanisms of action, and bio- http://dx.doi.org/10.3858/emm.2011.43.10.063 logical and clinical activities of multiple monoclonal antibodies against TNF-α, HER-2, CD20, and EGFR and Accepted 2 August 2011 provides insights into the development of therapeutic Available Online 3 August 2011 antibodies. Abbreviations: ADC, antibody-drug conjugate; ADCC, antibody- dependent cellular cytotoxicity; CD20, cluster of differentiation Keywords: antibodies, monoclonal; antigens, CD20; 20; CDC, complement dependent cytotoxicity; CLL, chronic pharmacology; receptor, epidermal growth factor; re- lymphocytic leukemia; ECD, extracellular domain; EGFR, epi- ceptor, erbB-2; tumor necrosis factor-α dermal growth factor receptor; EpCAM, epithelial cell adhe- sion molecule; FcγR, Fc gamma receptor; -
Imatinib (Gleevec™)
Biologicals What Are They? When Did All of this Happen? There are Clear Benefits. Are there also Risks? Brian J Ward Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre Global Health, Immunity & Infectious Diseases Grand Rounds – March 2016 Biologicals Biological therapy involves the use of living organisms, substances derived from living organisms, or laboratory-produced versions of such substances to treat disease. National Cancer Institute (USA) What Effects Do Steroids Have on Immune Responses? This is your immune system on high dose steroids projects.accessatlanta.com • Suppress innate and adaptive responses • Shut down inflammatory responses in progress • Effects on neutrophils, macrophages & lymphocytes • Few problems because use typically short-term Virtually Every Cell and Pathway in Immune System ‘Target-able’ (Influenza Vaccination) Reed SG et al. Nature Medicine 2013 Nakaya HI et al. Nature Immunology 2011 Landscape - 2013 Antisense (30) Cell therapy (69) Gene Therapy (46) Monoclonal Antibodies (308) Recombinant Proteins (93) Vaccines (250) Other (81) http://www.phrma.org/sites/default/files/pdf/biologicsoverview2013.pdf Therapeutic Category Drugs versus Biologics Patented Ibuprofen (Advil™) Generic Ibuprofen BioSimilars/BioSuperiors ? www.drugbank.ca Patented Etanercept (Enbrel™) BioSimilar Etanercept Etacept™ (India) Biologics in Cancer Therapy Therapeutic Categories • Hormonal Therapy • Monoclonal antibodies • Cytokine therapy • Classical vaccine strategies • Adoptive T-cell or dendritic cells transfer • Oncolytic -
Ibritumomab Tiuxetan (Zevalin)
Ibritumomab tiuxetan (Zevalin) Policy Number: Original Effective Date: MM.04.013 03/11/2003 Line(s) of Business: Current Effective Date: HMO; PPO 06/22/2012 Section: Prescription Drugs Place(s) of Service: Outpatient I. Description Ibritumomab tiuxetan (Zevalin) is a CD20-directed radiotherapeutic antibody administered as part of the ibritumomab tiuxetan therapeutic regimen indicated for the treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory, low-grade or follicular B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) and for the treatment of patients with previously untreated follicular NHL who have achieved a partial or complete response to first-line chemotherapy. Ibritumomab tiuxetan is comprised of two separate components, indium-111(IN-111) the diagnostic component and yttrium-90 (Y-90) the therapeutic component. The ibritumomab tiuxetan regimen includes the administration of rituximab followed by IN-111, which targets and binds to the tumor cell. If the IN-111 binds successfully to the tumor cells, seven to nine days later, a second dose of rituximab is administered followed by Y-90 which damages the targeted tumor cells. II. Criteria/Guidelines A. The ibritumomab tiuxetan therapeutic regimen is covered (subject to Limitations/Exclusions and Administrative Guidelines) when recommended by an oncologist for the following conditions: 1. Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) a. For the treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory, low-grade or follicular B-cell NHL b. For the treatment of patients with follicular NHL who achieve a partial or complete response to first-line chemotherapy 2. For the indications listed above, the following criteria must be met: a. Lymphoma involvement of the bone is less than 25 percent Ibritumomab tiuxetan (Zevalin) 2 b. -
Cetuximab Promotes Anticancer Drug Toxicity in Rhabdomyosarcomas with EGFR Amplificationin Vitro
ONCOLOGY REPORTS 30: 1081-1086, 2013 Cetuximab promotes anticancer drug toxicity in rhabdomyosarcomas with EGFR amplificationin vitro YUKI YAMAMOTO1*, KAZUMASA FUKUDA2*, YASUSHI FUCHIMOTO4*, YUMI MATSUZAKI3, YOSHIRO SAIKAWA2, YUKO KITAGAWA2, YASUHIDE MORIKAWA1 and TATSUO KURODA1 Departments of 1Pediatric Surgery, 2Surgery and 3Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-858; 4Division of Surgery, Department of Surgical Subspecialities, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan Received January 15, 2013; Accepted April 2, 2013 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2588 Abstract. Overexpression of human epidermal growth factor i.e., t(2;13) (q35;q14) in 55% of cases and t(1;13) (p36;q14) in receptor (EGFR) has been detected in various tumors and is 22% of cases (1). Current treatment options include chemo- associated with poor outcomes. Combination treatment regi- therapy, complete surgical resection and radiotherapy (3). mens with EGFR-targeting and cytotoxic agents are a potential However, the prognosis for patients with advanced-stage RMS therapeutic option for rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) with EGFR is quite poor (4). The main problems with clinical treatments amplification. We investigated the effects of combination include metastatic invasion, local tumor recurrence and multi- treatment with actinomycin D and the EGFR-targeting agent drug resistance. Therefore, more specific, effective and less cetuximab in 4 RMS cell lines. All 4 RMS cell lines expressed toxic therapies are required. wild-type K-ras, and 2 of the 4 overexpressed EGFR, as Numerous novel anticancer agents are currently in early determined by flow cytometry, real-time PCR and direct phase clinical trials. Of these, immunotherapy with specific sequencing.