Ibritumomab Tiuxetan (Zevalin)
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Neuro-Ophthalmic Side Effects of Molecularly Targeted Cancer Drugs
Eye (2018) 32, 287–301 © 2018 Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature. All rights reserved 0950-222X/18 www.nature.com/eye 1,2,3 4 Neuro-ophthalmic side MT Bhatti and AKS Salama REVIEW effects of molecularly targeted cancer drugs Abstract The past two decades has been an amazing time culminated in indescribable violence and in the advancement of cancer treatment. Mole- unspeakable death. However, amazingly within cularly targeted therapy is a concept in which the confines of war have risen some of the specific cellular molecules (overexpressed, greatest advancements in medicine. It is within mutationally activated, or selectively expressed this setting—in particular World War II with the proteins) are manipulated in an advantageous study of mustard gas—that the annals of cancer manner to decrease the transformation, prolif- chemotherapy began touching the lives of eration, and/or survival of cancer cells. In millions of people. It is estimated that in 2016, addition, increased knowledge of the role of the over 1.6 million people in the United States will immune system in carcinogenesis has led to the be diagnosed with cancer and over a half a development of immune checkpoint inhibitors million will die.1 The amount of money being to restore and enhance cellular-mediated anti- spent on research and development of new tumor immunity. The United States Food and cancer therapies is staggering with a record $43 Drug Administration approval of the chimeric billion dollars spent in 2014. Nearly 30% of all monoclonal antibody (mAb) rituximab in 1997 registered clinical trials on the clinicaltrials.gov 1Department of for the treatment of B cell non-Hodgkin lym- website pertain to cancer drugs. -
Whither Radioimmunotherapy: to Be Or Not to Be? Damian J
Published OnlineFirst April 20, 2017; DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-16-2523 Cancer Perspective Research Whither Radioimmunotherapy: To Be or Not To Be? Damian J. Green1,2 and Oliver W. Press1,2,3 Abstract Therapy of cancer with radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies employing multistep "pretargeting" methods, particularly those has produced impressive results in preclinical experiments and in utilizing bispecific antibodies, have greatly enhanced the thera- clinical trials conducted in radiosensitive malignancies, particu- peutic efficacy of radioimmunotherapy and diminished its toxi- larly B-cell lymphomas. Two "first-generation," directly radiola- cities. The dramatically improved therapeutic index of bispecific beled anti-CD20 antibodies, 131iodine-tositumomab and 90yttri- antibody pretargeting appears to be sufficiently compelling to um-ibritumomab tiuxetan, were FDA-approved more than a justify human clinical trials and reinvigorate enthusiasm for decade ago but have been little utilized because of a variety of radioimmunotherapy in the treatment of malignancies, particu- medical, financial, and logistic obstacles. Newer technologies larly lymphomas. Cancer Res; 77(9); 1–6. Ó2017 AACR. "To be, or not to be, that is the question: Whether 'tis nobler in the pembrolizumab (anti-PD-1), which are not directly cytotoxic mind to suffer the slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, or to take for cancer cells but "release the brakes" on the immune system, arms against a sea of troubles, And by opposing end them." Hamlet. allowing cytotoxic T cells to be more effective at recognizing –William Shakespeare. and killing cancer cells. Outstanding results have already been demonstrated with checkpoint inhibiting antibodies even in far Introduction advanced refractory solid tumors including melanoma, lung cancer, Hodgkin lymphoma and are under study for a multi- Impact of monoclonal antibodies on the field of clinical tude of other malignancies (4–6). -
Antibody-Drug Conjugates (Adcs) – Biotherapeutic Bullets
Sean L Kitson Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs) – Biotherapeutic bullets SEAN L KITSON*, DEREK J QUINN, THOMAS S MOODY, DAVID SPEED, WILLIAM WATTERS, DAVID ROZZELL *Corresponding author Almac, Department of Biocatalysis and Isotope Chemistry, 20 Seagoe Industrial Estate, Craigavon, BT63 5QD, United Kingdom (chimeric human-murine IgG1 targeting EGF receptor) and KEYWORDS panitumumab (human IgG2 targeting EGF receptor) for the Antibody-drug conjugate; ADC; monoclonal antibody; treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (5). cancer; carbon-14; linker; immunotherapy. This technology of tailoring MAbs has been exploited to develop delivery systems for radionuclides to image and treat a variety of cancers (6). This led to the hypothesis that a ABSTRACT cancer patient would first receive a radionuclide antibody capable of imaging the tumour volume. The images of the Immunotherapies especially targeted towards oncology, tumour are obtained by using one or more combinations of based on antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have the following methods: planar imaging; single photon recently been boosted by the US Food and Drug emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron Administration approval of Adcetris to treat Hodgkin’s emission tomography (PET) (7). These techniques can be lymphoma and Kadcyla for metastatic breast cancer. extended to hybrid imaging systems incorporating PET (or The emphasis of this article is to provide an overview of SPECT) with computed tomography (CT) or magnetic the design of ADCs in order to examine their ability to 30 resonance imaging (MRI) (8). find and kill tumour cells. A particular focus will be on the relationship between the cytotoxic drug, chemical The imaging process is first used to locate the precise position linker and the type of monoclonal antibody (MAb) used of the tumour and ascertain the appropriate level of the to make up the components of the ADC. -
Imatinib (Gleevec™)
Biologicals What Are They? When Did All of this Happen? There are Clear Benefits. Are there also Risks? Brian J Ward Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre Global Health, Immunity & Infectious Diseases Grand Rounds – March 2016 Biologicals Biological therapy involves the use of living organisms, substances derived from living organisms, or laboratory-produced versions of such substances to treat disease. National Cancer Institute (USA) What Effects Do Steroids Have on Immune Responses? This is your immune system on high dose steroids projects.accessatlanta.com • Suppress innate and adaptive responses • Shut down inflammatory responses in progress • Effects on neutrophils, macrophages & lymphocytes • Few problems because use typically short-term Virtually Every Cell and Pathway in Immune System ‘Target-able’ (Influenza Vaccination) Reed SG et al. Nature Medicine 2013 Nakaya HI et al. Nature Immunology 2011 Landscape - 2013 Antisense (30) Cell therapy (69) Gene Therapy (46) Monoclonal Antibodies (308) Recombinant Proteins (93) Vaccines (250) Other (81) http://www.phrma.org/sites/default/files/pdf/biologicsoverview2013.pdf Therapeutic Category Drugs versus Biologics Patented Ibuprofen (Advil™) Generic Ibuprofen BioSimilars/BioSuperiors ? www.drugbank.ca Patented Etanercept (Enbrel™) BioSimilar Etanercept Etacept™ (India) Biologics in Cancer Therapy Therapeutic Categories • Hormonal Therapy • Monoclonal antibodies • Cytokine therapy • Classical vaccine strategies • Adoptive T-cell or dendritic cells transfer • Oncolytic -
Hodgkin's Lymphoma Unresponsive to Rituximab Or a Rituximab
Clinical Development GSK1841157 Protocol OMB110918 / NCT01077518 A Randomized, Open Label Study of Ofatumumab and Bendamustine Combination Therapy Compared with Bendamustine Monotherapy in Indolent B-cell Non- Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Unresponsive to Rituximab or a Rituximab-Containing Regimen During or Within Six Months of Treatment Authors Document type Amended Protocol Version EUDRACT number 2008-004177-17 Version number 11 Development phase III Document status Final Release date 13-Apr-2017 Novartis internal reference number COMB157E2301 Property of Novartis Confidential May not be used, divulged, published, or otherwise disclosed without the consent of Novartis Novartis Confidential Page 2 Amended Protocol Version 11 Clean Protocol No. COMB157E2301/OMB110918 Amendment 9 (13-Apr-2017) Amendment rationale The purpose of amendment 9 is to revise the total number of events required for the primary analysis of the primary end point PFS. The primary analysis was planned after reaching 259 PFS events as determined by an Independent Review Committee (IRC). Based on the current status of the study and PFS event count by IRC, it is highly unlikely that the 259 PFS events will be achieved. The study has been ongoing since September 2010 when the first patient was enrolled and the study sponsorship changed in February 2016 from GSK to Novartis (Amendment 8 , dated 18Mar2016). Per protocol, Interim Analysis for efficacy and futility and IDMC review occurred (22Feb2016) after 180 PFS events by IRC were reached (31Oct2015). IDMC recommended to continue the study without changes. The interim analysis of PFS was performed by an independent Statistical Data Analysis Centre. As per IDMC charter, unblinded results were not communicated to the sponsor in order to maintain the integrity of the trial. -
Antibodies for the Treatment of Brain Metastases, a Dream Or a Reality?
pharmaceutics Review Antibodies for the Treatment of Brain Metastases, a Dream or a Reality? Marco Cavaco, Diana Gaspar, Miguel ARB Castanho * and Vera Neves * Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal * Correspondence: [email protected] (M.A.R.B.C.); [email protected] (V.N.) Received: 19 November 2019; Accepted: 28 December 2019; Published: 13 January 2020 Abstract: The incidence of brain metastases (BM) in cancer patients is increasing. After diagnosis, overall survival (OS) is poor, elicited by the lack of an effective treatment. Monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based therapy has achieved remarkable success in treating both hematologic and non-central-nervous system (CNS) tumors due to their inherent targeting specificity. However, the use of mAbs in the treatment of CNS tumors is restricted by the blood–brain barrier (BBB) that hinders the delivery of either small-molecules drugs (sMDs) or therapeutic proteins (TPs). To overcome this limitation, active research is focused on the development of strategies to deliver TPs and increase their concentration in the brain. Yet, their molecular weight and hydrophilic nature turn this task into a challenge. The use of BBB peptide shuttles is an elegant strategy. They explore either receptor-mediated transcytosis (RMT) or adsorptive-mediated transcytosis (AMT) to cross the BBB. The latter is preferable since it avoids enzymatic degradation, receptor saturation, and competition with natural receptor substrates, which reduces adverse events. Therefore, the combination of mAbs properties (e.g., selectivity and long half-life) with BBB peptide shuttles (e.g., BBB translocation and delivery into the brain) turns the therapeutic conjugate in a valid approach to safely overcome the BBB and efficiently eliminate metastatic brain cells. -
Ibritumomab Tiuxetan)
Zevalin Y-90® (ibritumomab tiuxetan) Last Review Date: July 15, 2019 Number: MG.MM.PH.181 Medical Guideline Disclaimer C All rights reserved. The treating physician or primary care provider must submit to EmblemHealth the clinical evidence that the patient meets the criteria for the treatment or surgical procedure. Without this documentation and information, EmblemHealth will not be able to properly review the request for prior authorization. The clinical review criteria expressed below reflects how EmblemHealth determines whether certain services or supplies are medically necessary. EmblemHealth established the clinical review criteria based upon a review of currently available clinical information (including clinical outcome studies in the peer-reviewed published medical literature, regulatory status of the technology, evidence-based guidelines of public health and health research agencies, evidence-based guidelines and positions of leading national health professional organizations, views of physicians practicing in relevant clinical areas, and other relevant factors). EmblemHealth expressly reserves the right to revise these conclusions as clinical information changes, and welcomes further relevant information. Each benefit program defines which services are covered. The conclusion that a particular service or supply is medically necessary does not constitute a representation or warranty that this service or supply is covered and/or paid for by EmblemHealth, as some programs exclude coverage for services or supplies that EmblemHealth considers medically necessary. If there is a discrepancy between this guideline and a member's benefits program, the benefits program will govern. In addition, coverage may be mandated by applicable legal requirements of a state, the Federal Government or the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) for Medicare and Medicaid members. -
Brentuximab Vedotin (SGN-35)
CCR FOCUS Brentuximab Vedotin (SGN-35) Jessica Katz1, John E. Janik2, and Anas Younes3 Abstract Brentuximab vedotin (SGN-35) is an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) directed against the CD30 antigen expressed on Hodgkin lymphoma and anaplastic large cell lymphoma. SGN-35 consists of the cAC10 chimerized IgG1 monoclonal antibody SGN30, modified by the addition of a valine-citrulline dipeptide linker to permit attachment of the potent inhibitor of microtubule polymerization mono- methylauristatin E (MMAE). In phase II trials, SGN-35 produced response rates of 75% in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma (n ¼ 102) and 87% in patients with anaplastic large cell lymphoma (n ¼ 30). Responses to SGN-35 might be related not only to the cytotoxic effect due to release of MMAE within the malignant cell but also to other effects. First, SGN-35 may signal malignant cells through CD30 ligation to deliver an apoptotic or proliferative response. The former would amplify the cytotoxicity of MMAE. A proliferative signal delivered in the context of MMAE intoxication could enhance cell death. Second, the efficacy of SGN-35, particularly in Hodgkin lymphoma, might be attributed to its effect on the tumor microenvironment. Diffusion of free MMAE from the targeted tumor cells could result in a bystander effect that kills the normal supporting cells in close proximity to the malignant cells. The elimination of T regulatory cells that inhibit cytotoxic effector cells and elimination of cells that provide growth factor support for Hodgkin/Reed–Sternberg cells could further enhance the cytotoxic activity of SGN-35. Here we review the biology of SGN-35 and the clinical effects of SGN-35 administration. -
HPHC Utilization Management Review Criteria 6.16.2020
Utilization Management Review Criteria Reference #: DD 2024-H1 Signature/Date/Last Approved: Rick J. Dean, 7/16/2019 Department/Approved By: Organization Wide, CEO Effective: 12/10/2014 Copyright © Oncology Analytics, Inc. All rights reserved. Last Revised: 7/16/2019 Purpose: To explicitly state the criteria on which reviews are based. Process: Oncology Analytics Inc. (OA) evaluates the management of cancer patients receiving cancer chemotherapy and associated treatments, including radiation, biologic and gene therapy. To properly perform this function, OA evaluates the medical literature and reviews national guideline and compendia recommendations. Based on this information, OA has developed a database comprised of treatment protocols. Treating physicians and supportive staff assign the appropriate chemotherapy ± supportive agent protocol(s) to patients to initiate prior authorization requests. OA’s clinical staff maintains the database. The OA clinical staff, comprised of board-certified hematologists/medical oncologists and board-certified oncology pharmacists, review the database at least annually and update the protocols as necessary. OA recognizes that the field of oncology is changing rapidly. Accordingly, new protocols are evaluated and added to the database on an ongoing basis. The following highlights the criteria on which protocol reviews for adult oncology patients are based: • New drugs or regimens (combinations of drugs) approved by the FDA (on-label use) • Drugs or regimens may be used off-label (without FDA approval) and -
Highlights in Lymphoma from the 2013 American Society Of
February 2014 Volume 12, Issue 2, Supplement 6 A SPECIAL MEETING REVIEW EDITION Highlights in Lymphoma From the 2013 American Society of Hematology Annual Meeting and Exposition A Review of Selected Presentations From the 2013 American Society of Hematology Annual Meeting and Exposition • December 7-10, 2013 • New Orleans, Louisiana Special Reporting on: • A Phase 2 Study of Brentuximab Vedotin in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory CD30-Positive Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas: Interim Results in Patients With DLBCL and Other B-Cell Lymphomas • A Phase I Study of Panobinostat in Combination With ICE (Ifosfamide, Carboplatin and Etoposide) in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma (cHL) • FDG-PET Adapted Sequential Therapy With Brentuximab Vedotin and Augmented ICE Followed by Autologous Stem Cell Transplant for Relapsed and Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma • Mature Response Data From a Phase 2 Study of PI3K-Delta Inhibitor Idelalisib in Patients With Double (Rituximab and Alkylating Agent)-Refractory Indolent B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (iNHL) • Phase II Trial of Brentuximab Vedotin for CD30+ Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphomas and Lymphoprolif- erative Disorders • Lenalidomide in Combination With R-CHOP (R2-CHOP) in Patients With High Burden Follicular Lymphoma: Phase 2 Study • Reduced-Intensity Conditioning (RIC) and Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (allo-SCT) for Relapsed/Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL) in the Brentuximab Vedotin Era: Favorable Overall and Progression-Free Survival (OS/PFS) With Low Transplant-Related Mortality (TRM) • Combination Biologic Therapy Without Chemotherapy as Initial Treatment for Mantle Cell Lym- phoma: Multi-Center Phase II Study of Lenalidomide Plus Rituximab PLUS Meeting Abstract Summaries With Expert Commentary by: Nancy L. -
Can You Comment on the Data from the RESORT Trial Recently Presented at ASH 2011?
INTERVIEW Jonathan W Friedberg, MD, MMSc Dr Friedberg is Professor of Medicine and Oncology and Chief of the Hematology/Oncology Division at the University of Rochester’s James P Wilmot Cancer Center in Rochester, New York. Tracks 1-17 Track 1 ECOG-E4402: RESORT trial comparing Track 9 GAUSS: Preliminary analysis of a 2 rituximab dosing regimens for low Phase II study of obinutuzumab versus tumor burden indolent non-Hodgkin rituximab for patients with relapsed lymphoma (NHL) CD20 indolent B-cell NHL Track 2 SAKK-35/98: Long-term follow-up from Track 10 Activity of novel tyrosine kinase a randomized trial of prolonged versus inhibitors (TKIs) in NHL short-course rituximab for follicular Track 11 Brentuximab vedotin for relapsed/ lymphoma (FL) refractory Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) Track 3 SWOG-S0016: Results from a Phase and systemic anaplastic large cell III study of R-CHOP versus CHOP in lymphoma 131 combination with I-tositumomab for Track 12 Consideration of brentuximab vedotin patients with newly diagnosed FL therapy as a bridge to allogeneic Track 4 SWOG-S0801: A Phase II trial of transplant induction R-CHOP radioimmuno- Track 13 Promising role of brentuximab vedotin therapy (RIT) consolidation in CD30-expressing lymphomas rituximab maintenance for patients with previously untreated Stage II Track 14 Management of brentuximab vedotin- to IV FL related peripheral neuropathy Track 5 Role of RIT as initial treatment and Track 15 Safety of brentuximab vedotin with as consolidation therapy in FL doxorubicin/bleomycin/vinblastine/ dacarbazine -
Tumor Lysis Syndrome Caused by Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies Approved by FDA
MOJ Immunology Tumor Lysis Syndrome Caused by Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies Approved by FDA Editorial Editorial Volume 5 Issue 5 - 2017 In 1975, Monoclonal antibody (mAb) technique was created Physiologyby Georges orKöhler, Medicine César in Milstein, 1984 for and the Nielsdiscovery. Kaj Jerne 8 years by usinglater, mouse x mouse hybridoma, they shared the Nobel Prize in Medical Director, Pharmacovigilance and Drug Safety, USA in 1992 FDA approved first therapeutic mAb Muromonab-CD3 *Corresponding author: Henry Hongrong Cai, Medical (trade name Orthoclone OKT3) to reduce acute rejection in Director, Pharmacovigilance and Drug Safety, inVentiv Health patients with organ transplants, since then, as of May 31, 2017, Clinical, 95 Cynthia Road Newton, MA 02459, USA, Tel: FDA has approved 70 therapeutic mAbs [1-3]. Among them 28 1-617-584-6628; Email: were approved for treatment of cancers (Table 1) [4-31]. These Received: June 05, 2017 | Published: June 06, 2017 therapeutic mAb targets at components expressed on cancer cell, possible mechanisms of cell lysis include complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), induced apoptosis, cancer cell growth inhibition, direct cytoxicities, and conjugates indirect effect resulting cancer cell antigensdeath (radiation chosen asor target,internalized they alsoderives). expressed Unfortunately, at normal so cells, far there is no tumor specific antigen (TSA) available for target, those which inevitably causes various adverse reactions, in this article,