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Brief Review on the Genus Diospyros: a Rich Source of Naphthoquinones
Asian J. Adv. Basic Sci.: 2017, 5(2), 34-53 ISSN (Print): 2454 – 7492 ISSN (Online): 2347 – 4114 www.ajabs.org Brief Review on the Genus Diospyros: A Rich Source of Naphthoquinones Venu Sharma School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir, INDIA * Correspondance: E-mail: [email protected] (Received 01 Sept, 2017; Accepted 14 Sept, 2017; Published 21 Sept, 2017) ABSTRACT: Diospyros genus (Ebenaceae) comprises about 500 species. A number of them are used for their multiple pharmacological activities. Ethano-phramacologically various plant parts are formulated and prescribed in the form of extracts and the decoctions for remedy of different diseases in many tribes. These activities are due to presence of bioactive secondary metabolites in the plant. Systematic and detailed investigation on the composition and pharmacological significance of medicinal plants should be conducted to standardize the formulations, based on ingredients. In the present review, naphthoquinone, naphthalene and naphthol derivatives isolated from Diospyros species are documented here with the pharmacologically important species of the genus. Keywords: Diospyros genus; species; Ebenaceae; pharmacological activities; naphthoquinones. INTRODUCTION: Diospyros genus belongs to the retic, laxative and stypic. Its dried flowers are reported to family Ebenaceae. The plants of Ebenaceae are wide be used in urinary, skin and blood diseases. A dilute ex- spread in tropics and sub tropics, occasionally into tem- tract is used as an astringent lotion for eyes5. Heartwood perate areas. According to Hegnaeur1 the family consists of D.mollis has been found to be active against hook- of seven genera, namely Diospyros, Euclea, Maba, worms but less active against tapeworms14. Oncothea, Rhaphidanthe, Royena and Tetraclis. -
Antimycobacterial Activity of the Ethanolic Extract of the Wood of Bulnesia Sarmientoi Lorentz Ex
ANTIMYCOBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF THE ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF THE WOOD OF BULNESIA SARMIENTOI LORENTZ EX. GRISEB MICKEL R. HIEBERT,A MARÍA EUGENIA FLORES-GIUBI,A JAVIER E. BARUA,A GLORIA M. MOLINA-SALINAS,B ESTEBAN A. FERRO,A NELSON L. ALVARENGAA* (Received June 2012; Accepted August 2012) ABSTRACT In this work the in vitro antimycobacterial activity of the ethanolic extract obtained from the wood of Bulnesia sarmientoi Lorentz ex. Griseb and its chemical compo- sition were studied. The preliminary phytochemical analysis of the extract showed the presence of steroids and/or triterpenes and tannins, and a GC/MS fingerprint analysis identified guaiol and bulnesol as main volatile components of the extract, based on their retention index and the comparison of their mass spectra with those contained in NIST libraries. The extract showed activity against Mycobacterium tu- berculosis H37Rv strain with a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 50 µg/mL, using the microplate Alamar Blue assay. These results suggest that the extract could be a source of antimicrobial substances against M. tuberculosis. www.relaquim.com Keywords: Bulnesia sarmientoi, antimycobacterial, Alamar Blue, Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, GC/MS. RESUMEN En el presente trabajo se evaluó la actividad antimicobacteriana in vitro y se estudió la composición química del extracto etanólico obtenido de la madera de Bulnesia sarmientoi Lorentz ex. Griseb. El estudio fitoquímico preliminar mostró la presen- cia de taninos y esteroides y/o triterpenos. Los componentes volátiles del extracto fueron además analizados por cromatografía gaseosa acoplada a espectrometría de masas (CG/EM) e identificados por comparación con las librerías NIST 21 y 107 del equipo y además con base en sus índices de retención. -
Analyses of Proposals to Amend
CoP17 Prop. 38 Inclusion of False Tomato Frog Dyscophus guineti and Antsouhy Tomato Frog D. insularis in Appendix II Proponent: Madagascar Summary: The False Tomato Frog Dyscophus guineti and the Antsouhy Tomato Frog D. insularis comprise two of three species in the genus Dyscophus, all of which are endemic to Madagascar. The third species, D. antongilii was included in Appendix I in 1987. It is subject to a separate proposal to be transferred from Appendix I to Appendix II (Proposal 37). All three are attractive red-orange coloured frogs. Dyscophus are known to breed explosively with the availability of water during the rainy season (typically January-March) and during that time they can be found in abundance at breeding sites. Hundreds of eggs are laid in water following mating. Dyscophus guineti The known distribution of D. guineti includes a number of patches in the remnant central eastern rainforest of Madagascar. The species is secretive and believed likely to be more widespread than records indicate1. Overall population is unknown; locally the species can vary from extremely common to very rare1. Sexual maturity is attained between two and four years, comparatively earlier in males than in females2. The habitat of the species is affected by conversion of forest to agriculture, timber extraction, charcoal production and potentially small-scale mining activities. The species reportedly does not tolerate severe degredation1. There is not known to be local use of the species. As a consequence of the Appendix-I listing in 1987 of the similar Dyscophus antongilii, collectors interested in "red Dyscophus" have shifted their attention to D. -
ORNAMENTAL GARDEN PLANTS of the GUIANAS: an Historical Perspective of Selected Garden Plants from Guyana, Surinam and French Guiana
f ORNAMENTAL GARDEN PLANTS OF THE GUIANAS: An Historical Perspective of Selected Garden Plants from Guyana, Surinam and French Guiana Vf•-L - - •• -> 3H. .. h’ - — - ' - - V ' " " - 1« 7-. .. -JZ = IS^ X : TST~ .isf *“**2-rt * * , ' . / * 1 f f r m f l r l. Robert A. DeFilipps D e p a r t m e n t o f B o t a n y Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. \ 1 9 9 2 ORNAMENTAL GARDEN PLANTS OF THE GUIANAS Table of Contents I. Map of the Guianas II. Introduction 1 III. Basic Bibliography 14 IV. Acknowledgements 17 V. Maps of Guyana, Surinam and French Guiana VI. Ornamental Garden Plants of the Guianas Gymnosperms 19 Dicotyledons 24 Monocotyledons 205 VII. Title Page, Maps and Plates Credits 319 VIII. Illustration Credits 321 IX. Common Names Index 345 X. Scientific Names Index 353 XI. Endpiece ORNAMENTAL GARDEN PLANTS OF THE GUIANAS Introduction I. Historical Setting of the Guianan Plant Heritage The Guianas are embedded high in the green shoulder of northern South America, an area once known as the "Wild Coast". They are the only non-Latin American countries in South America, and are situated just north of the Equator in a configuration with the Amazon River of Brazil to the south and the Orinoco River of Venezuela to the west. The three Guianas comprise, from west to east, the countries of Guyana (area: 83,000 square miles; capital: Georgetown), Surinam (area: 63, 037 square miles; capital: Paramaribo) and French Guiana (area: 34, 740 square miles; capital: Cayenne). Perhaps the earliest physical contact between Europeans and the present-day Guianas occurred in 1500 when the Spanish navigator Vincente Yanez Pinzon, after discovering the Amazon River, sailed northwest and entered the Oyapock River, which is now the eastern boundary of French Guiana. -
Multi-National Conservation of Alligator Lizards
MULTI-NATIONAL CONSERVATION OF ALLIGATOR LIZARDS: APPLIED SOCIOECOLOGICAL LESSONS FROM A FLAGSHIP GROUP by ADAM G. CLAUSE (Under the Direction of John Maerz) ABSTRACT The Anthropocene is defined by unprecedented human influence on the biosphere. Integrative conservation recognizes this inextricable coupling of human and natural systems, and mobilizes multiple epistemologies to seek equitable, enduring solutions to complex socioecological issues. Although a central motivation of global conservation practice is to protect at-risk species, such organisms may be the subject of competing social perspectives that can impede robust interventions. Furthermore, imperiled species are often chronically understudied, which prevents the immediate application of data-driven quantitative modeling approaches in conservation decision making. Instead, real-world management goals are regularly prioritized on the basis of expert opinion. Here, I explore how an organismal natural history perspective, when grounded in a critique of established human judgements, can help resolve socioecological conflicts and contextualize perceived threats related to threatened species conservation and policy development. To achieve this, I leverage a multi-national system anchored by a diverse, enigmatic, and often endangered New World clade: alligator lizards. Using a threat analysis and status assessment, I show that one recent petition to list a California alligator lizard, Elgaria panamintina, under the US Endangered Species Act often contradicts the best available science. -
Project Rapid-Field Identification of Dalbergia Woods and Rosewood Oil by NIRS Technology –NIRS ID
Project Rapid-Field Identification of Dalbergia Woods and Rosewood Oil by NIRS Technology –NIRS ID. The project has been financed by the CITES Secretariat with funds from the European Union Consulting objectives: TO SELECT INTERNATIONAL OR NATIONAL XYLARIUM OR WOOD COLLECTIONS REGISTERED AT THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF WOOD ANATOMISTS – IAWA THAT HAVE A SIGNIFICANT NUMBER OF SPECIES AND SPECIMENS OF THE GENUS DALBERGIA TO BE ANALYZED BY NIRS TECHNOLOGY. Consultant: VERA TERESINHA RAUBER CORADIN Dra English translation: ADRIANA COSTA Dra Affiliations: - Forest Products Laboratory, Brazilian Forest Service (LPF-SFB) - Laboratory of Automation, Chemometrics and Environmental Chemistry, University of Brasília (AQQUA – UnB) - Forest Technology and Geoprocessing Foundation - FUNTEC-DF MAY, 2020 Brasília – Brazil 1 Project number: S1-32QTL-000018 Host Country: Brazilian Government Executive agency: Forest Technology and Geoprocessing Foundation - FUNTEC Project coordinator: Dra. Tereza C. M. Pastore Project start: September 2019 Project duration: 24 months 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 05 2. THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS DALBERGIA 05 3. MATERIAL AND METHODS 3.1 NIRS METHODOLOGY AND SPECTRA COLLECTION 07 3.2 CRITERIA FOR SELECTING XYLARIA TO BE VISITED TO OBTAIN SPECTRAS 07 3 3 TERMINOLOGY 08 4. RESULTS 4.1 CONTACTED XYLARIA FOR COLLECTION SURVEY 10 4.1.1 BRAZILIAN XYLARIA 10 4.1.2 INTERNATIONAL XYLARIA 11 4.2 SELECTED XYLARIA 11 4.3 RESULTS OF THE SURVEY OF DALBERGIA SAMPLES IN THE BRAZILIAN XYLARIA 13 4.4 RESULTS OF THE SURVEY OF DALBERGIA SAMPLES IN THE INTERNATIONAL XYLARIA 14 5. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 19 6. REFERENCES 20 APPENDICES 22 APPENDIX I DALBERGIA IN BRAZILIAN XYLARIA 22 CACAO RESEARCH CENTER – CEPECw 22 EMÍLIO GOELDI MUSEUM – M. -
Cop17 Prop. 37
Original language: English CoP17 Prop. 37 CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA ____________________ Seventeenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties Johannesburg (South Africa), 24 September – 5 October 2016 CONSIDERATION OF PROPOSALS FOR AMENDMENT OF APPENDICES I AND II A. Proposal Downlisting of Dyscophus antongilii from Appendix I to Appendix II B. Proponent Madagascar* C. Supporting statement 1. Taxonomy 1.1 Class: Amphibia 1.2 Order: Anura 1.3 Family: Microhylidae Gunther 1859, subfamily Dyscophinae 1.4 Genus, species: Dyscophus antongilii Grandidieri 1877 1.5 Scientific synonyms: 1.6 Common names: English: Tomato Frog French: La grenouille tomate, crapaud rouge de Madagascar Malagasy: Sahongoangoana, Sangongogna, Sahogongogno (and similar writings) 2. Overview The genus Dyscophus contains three species of large microhylids composing the subfamily Dyscophinae endemic to Madagascar. D. antongilii, D. guineti and D. insularis. Dyscophus antongilii is red-orange in coloration and commonly called the tomato frogs because of its appearance. It is well-known and iconic amphibian species. Described by Alfred Grandidier in the 1877, D. antongilii occurs in a moderate area of northeast and east of Madagascar. Dyscophus antongilii has been listed within CITES Appendix I since 1987 while the other two species currently have no CITES listing but proposed to be inserted into Appendix II for this year by a separate proposal. Some studies on the species led by F. Andreone demonstrate that this species is frequently found outside of protected area and one of the strategies to conservation purpose is the trade. The species is listed as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List. -
Cop13 Analyses Cover 29 Jul 04.Qxd
IUCN/TRAFFIC Analyses of the Proposals to Amend the CITES Appendices at the 13th Meeting of the Conference of the Parties Bangkok, Thailand 2-14 October 2004 Prepared by IUCN Species Survival Commission and TRAFFIC Production of the 2004 IUCN/TRAFFIC Analyses of the Proposals to Amend the CITES Appendices was made possible through the support of: The Commission of the European Union Canadian Wildlife Service Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality, Department for Nature, the Netherlands Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Germany Federal Veterinary Office, Switzerland Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, Dirección General para la Biodiversidad (Spain) Ministère de l'écologie et du développement durable, Direction de la nature et des paysages (France) IUCN-The World Conservation Union IUCN-The World Conservation Union brings together states, government agencies and a diverse range of non-governmental organizations in a unique global partnership - over 1 000 members in some 140 countries. As a Union, IUCN seeks to influence, encourage and assist societies throughout the world to conserve the integrity and diversity of nature and to ensure that any use of natural resources is equitable and ecologically sustainable. IUCN builds on the strengths of its members, networks and partners to enhance their capacity and to support global alliances to safeguard natural resources at local, regional and global levels. The Species Survival Commission (SSC) is the largest of IUCN’s six volunteer commissions. With 8 000 scientists, field researchers, government officials and conservation leaders, the SSC membership is an unmatched source of information about biodiversity conservation. SSC members provide technical and scientific advice to conservation activities throughout the world and to governments, international conventions and conservation organizations. -
Changes to CITES Species Listings
NOTICE TO THE WILDLIFE IMPORT/EXPORT COMMUNITY December 21, 2016 Subject: Changes to CITES Species Listings Background: Party countries of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) meet approximately every two years for a Conference of the Parties. During these meetings, countries review and vote on amendments to the listings of protected species in CITES Appendix I and Appendix II. Such amendments become effective 90 days after the last day of the meeting unless Party countries agree to delay implementation. The most recent Conference of the Parties (CoP 17) was held in Johannesburg, South Africa, September 24 – October 4, 2016. Action: Except as noted below, the amendments to CITES Appendices I and II that were adopted at CoP 17, will be effective on January 2, 2017. Any specimens of these species imported into, or exported from, the United States on or after January 2, 2017 will require CITES documentation as specified under the amended listings. The import, export, or re-export of shipments of these species that are accompanied by CITES documents reflecting a pre-January 2 listing status or that lack CITES documents because no listing was previously in effect must be completed by midnight (local time at the point of import/export) on January 1, 2017. Importers and exporters can find the official revised CITES appendices on the CITES website. Species Added to Appendix I . Abronia anzuetoi (Alligator lizard) . Abronia campbelli (Alligator lizard) . Abronia fimbriata (Alligator lizard) . Abronia frosti (Alligator lizard) . Abronia meledona (Alligator lizard) . Cnemaspis psychedelica (Psychedelic rock gecko) . Lygodactylus williamsi (Turquoise dwarf gecko) . Telmatobius coleus (Titicaca water frog) . -
Plant Life MagillS Encyclopedia of Science
MAGILLS ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SCIENCE PLANT LIFE MAGILLS ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SCIENCE PLANT LIFE Volume 4 Sustainable Forestry–Zygomycetes Indexes Editor Bryan D. Ness, Ph.D. Pacific Union College, Department of Biology Project Editor Christina J. Moose Salem Press, Inc. Pasadena, California Hackensack, New Jersey Editor in Chief: Dawn P. Dawson Managing Editor: Christina J. Moose Photograph Editor: Philip Bader Manuscript Editor: Elizabeth Ferry Slocum Production Editor: Joyce I. Buchea Assistant Editor: Andrea E. Miller Page Design and Graphics: James Hutson Research Supervisor: Jeffry Jensen Layout: William Zimmerman Acquisitions Editor: Mark Rehn Illustrator: Kimberly L. Dawson Kurnizki Copyright © 2003, by Salem Press, Inc. All rights in this book are reserved. No part of this work may be used or reproduced in any manner what- soever or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy,recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. For information address the publisher, Salem Press, Inc., P.O. Box 50062, Pasadena, California 91115. Some of the updated and revised essays in this work originally appeared in Magill’s Survey of Science: Life Science (1991), Magill’s Survey of Science: Life Science, Supplement (1998), Natural Resources (1998), Encyclopedia of Genetics (1999), Encyclopedia of Environmental Issues (2000), World Geography (2001), and Earth Science (2001). ∞ The paper used in these volumes conforms to the American National Standard for Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, Z39.48-1992 (R1997). Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Magill’s encyclopedia of science : plant life / edited by Bryan D. -
Effect of Media Type and BAP Concentrations on Micropropagation During Multiplication Stage on Ponytail Palm (Beaucarnea Recurvata Lem.) Abdel Kawy, Waly; Yehia M
Hortscience Journal of Suez Canal University, 2018 Effect of Media Type and BAP Concentrations on Micropropagation during Multiplication Stage on Ponytail Palm (Beaucarnea recurvata Lem.) Abdel Kawy, Waly; Yehia M. Abdel Fattah and Ali A. Shoman Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt. Received: 28/10/2018 Abstract: Ponytail palm (Beaucarnea recurvet Lem.; Family Asparagaceae) is one of the most important plants in the internal and external coordination. This work was carried out to study the effect of media type (MS, B5 and WPM) and Benzylaminopurine BAP at 0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 mg/l during multiplication stage. The shoot tips were collected from in vitro seedlings cultured on MS medium without growth regulators. B5 medium supplemented with 0.4 mg/l (BAP) increased number of shoots (3.40 shoots/clump) and number of leaves (24) plant compared with other treatments. The B5 medium is preferable within mass production and featured commercial. The BAP Concentration 0.4 mg/l promotes shoots initiation and development with B5 medium more than MS and WPM. Keywords: Ponytail palm, Beaucarnea recurvata, tissue culture, micropropagation, BAP, media type, MS, B5, WPM INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS Beaucarnea (Asparagaceae) is a Mexican and This study was carried out in the plant tissue Guatemalan genus that inhabits dry tropical areas. Most culture laboratory in the Department of Horticulture, of the species are endangered under the Mexican Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia legislation because they have a high horticultural during the period 2013 – 2015. demand and are threatened by habitat destruction. -
Journal of the East Africa Natural History Society and National Museum
JOURNAL OF THE EAST AFRICA NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY AND NATIONAL MUSEUM 15 October, 1978 Vol. 31 No. 167 A CHECKLIST OF mE SNAKES OF KENYA Stephen Spawls 35 WQodland Rise, Muswell Hill, London NIO, England ABSTRACT Loveridge (1957) lists 161 species and subspecies of snake from East Mrica. Eighty-nine of these belonging to some 41 genera were recorded from Kenya. The new list contains some 106 forms of 46 genera. - Three full species have been deleted from Loveridge's original checklist. Typhlops b. blanfordii has been synonymised with Typhlops I. lineolatus, Typhlops kaimosae has been synonymised with Typhlops angolensis (Roux-Esteve 1974) and Co/uber citeroii has been synonymised with Meizodon semiornatus (Lanza 1963). Of the 20 forms added to the list, 12 are forms collected for the first time in Kenya but occurring outside its political boundaries and one, Atheris desaixi is a new species, the holotype and paratypes being collected within Kenya. There has also been a large number of changes amongst the 89 original species as a result of revisionary systematic studies. This accounts for the other additions to the list. INTRODUCTION The most recent checklist dealing with the snakes of Kenya is Loveridge (1957). Since that date there has been a significant number of developments in the Kenyan herpetological field. This paper intends to update the nomenclature in the part of the checklist that concerns the snakes of Kenya and to extend the list to include all the species now known to occur within the political boundaries of Kenya. It also provides the range of each species within Kenya with specific locality records .